Horizon Reverse Osmosis Seafari Versatile Series User manual

Horizon Seafari Versatile Model 450 - 1800
Owner’s Manual
Release Date: February 2014
Manual PN B651240002 | Revision: 02/20/2014
Seafari Versatile Self Contained Seafari Versatile Modular
Single Membrane (-1) Single Membrane (-1)
HRO Seafari SFC-450-1 HRO Seafari SFM-450-1
HRO Seafari SFC-700-1 HRO Seafari SFM-700-1
HRO Seafari SFC-900-1 HRO Seafari SFM-900-1
Double Membrane (-2) Double Membrane (-2)
HRO Seafari SFC-900-2 HRO Seafari SFM-900-2
HRO Seafari SFC-1400-2 HRO Seafari SFM-1400-2
HRO Seafari SFC-1800-2 HRO Seafari SFM-1800-2

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page i
PREFACE
Thank you for purchasing an Horizon Reverse
Osmosis Desalination System. Please read this
manual carefully before attempting installation or
operation. A better understanding of the system
ensures optimum performance and longer service
life from the system.
All Horizon Reverse Osmosis desalination systems
are designed and engineered to function as a
complete working unit. Generally speaking, the
performance of each component within the unit is
dependent on the component prior to it and governs
the performance of all components after it. Proper
performance of the system is thus dependent upon
proper operation of every single component within
the system.
The intent of this manual is to allow the operator
to become familiar with each component within
the Horizon Seafari system. By understanding the
function, importance, and normal operation of each
component within each subsystem of the unit, the
operator can readily diagnose minor problems.
Such problems, when they rst develop, usually
require minor maintenance and are easily corrected.
However, left unattended, a problem in one
component aects the rest of the system and leads to
further required repairs.
COPYRIGHT NOTIFICATION
©Copyright HRO Systems 2008 - 2010. All content
included within this manual such as text, graphics,
logos, and images, is the property of HRO Systems
and protected by U.S. & International copyright laws.
The compilation (meaning the preparation,
collection, arrangement, and assembly) of all content
within this manual is the exclusive property of HRO
Systems and protected by U.S. and international
copyright laws.
All software used in the design and manufacture of
the HRO Systems is the property of HRO Systems
and protected by U.S. and international copyright
laws. All computer and logic programming used
in the design and manufacture of the HRO Reverse
Osmosis Desalination System is the property
of HRO Systems and protected by U.S. and
international copyright laws.
The content of this manual and the software,
programming, and graphic designs used in the
design and manufacture of the HRO Systems
Reverse Osmosis Desalination System is for the
purpose of operation, maintaining, and repair of
the HRO Systems Reverse Osmosis Desalination
System. Any other use, including the reproduction,
modication, distribution, transmission,
republication, display, or performance, of the content
within this manual is strictly prohibited.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
The use of this manual acknowledges acceptance of
the terms and conditions provided herewith and the
agreement to comply with all applicable laws and
regulations pertaining to the use of this manual.
In addition, the use of this manual forms an
agreement that HRO Systems trademarked name
or HRO Systems trademarked logo mark are not to
be used in any form or manner except with HRO
Systems written permission. HRO Systems holds all
rights to its copyrights and trademarks, and to the
material contained in this manual. Any use of such
requires the written permission from HRO Systems.
PATENT INFORMATION
Certain aspects of the HRO Systems Reverse
Osmosis Desalination System are protected by U.S.
and International Patent Laws.
NOTICE OF LIABILITY
The information contained in the manual is
distributed on an “As is”basis, without warranty.
While every eort has been taken in the preparation
of this manual, HRO Systems shall not be held liable
with respect to any liability, loss, or damage caused
by the instructions contained in this manual. The
information contained in this manual is subject to
change without notice.
TRADEMARKS
The HRO Systems logo mark is a U.S. Registered
Trademark and belongs to HRO Systems with all
rights reserved. HRO Systems is a US Registered
trademark of HRO Systems. Seafari™is a trademark
of HRO Systems.

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page ii
SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
INSTRUCTIONS: Please complete the following information at the time of purchase of the Horizon Seafari R.O.
Desalinator. This Information will be requested to provide a more ecient service when contacting HRO System’s
Service Department, Technical Assistance, or the Purchasing Parts Department.
SYSTEM INFORMATION:
Model Number: ________________________________
Operating Voltage:
Alternating Current Single Phase:
___ 120 VAC, 60 Hz ___ 230 VAC, 60 Hz ___ 220 VAC, 50 Hz
Alternating Current Three Phase:
___ 208/230 VAC, 60 Hz ___ 460 VAC, 60 Hz
___ 220 VAC, 50 Hz ___ 380 VAC, 50 Hz
Date Purchased: ________________________________
DEALER INFORMATION:
Business Name: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Address: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
City: __________________________________________ State: __________ Postal Code: _________________
Country: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Dealer’s Invoice Number: _____________________________________________________________________________
Serial Number: ________________________________
Date Commissioned: ____________________________
(first tested/operated)
KEEP THIS COPY IN THE OWNER’S MANUAL
HRO Systems | PO Box 5463 • Carson, California 90745 - 5463 USA
Tel: [phone] | Fax: [phone]
www.hrosystems.com

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page iii
WARRANTY REGISTRATION INFORMATION
INSTRUCTIONS: At the time of purchase of a HRO Systems R.O. Desalinator, please complete the warranty
information listed below and mail it to HRO Systems, Attn: Warranty Registration.
SYSTEM INFORMATION:
Model Number: ________________________________
Date Purchased: ________________________________
CUSTOMER INFORMATION:
Customer Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Address: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
City: __________________________________________ State: __________ Postal Code: _________________
Country: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
DEALER INFORMATION:
Business Name: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Address: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
City: __________________________________________ State: __________ Postal Code: _________________
Country: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Dealer’s Invoice Number: _____________________________________________________________________________
Serial Number: ________________________________
Date Commissioned: ____________________________
(first tested/operated)
MAIL THIS COPY TO:
Horizon Reverse Osmosis (HRO Systems)
Attn: Warranty Registration
PO Box 5463
Carson, CA 90745 - 5463 USA
Or download and complete the llable form at our website: www.hrosystems.com, and email it to:
[email protected]

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page i
REVISION HISTORY
Rev. Date Affected Pages Description
Ø April 15, 2008 Appendix A
p A-3 to A-6
Wiring Diagram: Δ Replace all drawing with new drawings.
Reported 4/9/08
1 May 20, 2008 TOC, p v Table of Content: Add “Section L”
2 May 20, 2008 Section D, p 6-7 Graphic: Replace touch pad illustration with new graphic.
Reported 5/14/08
3 May 20, 2008 Section I , p 10 Graphic: Replace touch pad illustration with new graphic.
Reported 5/14/08
4 Sept 11, 2008 Section E p 17 & 19 Add reference to UV installation details p 17.
Add UV installation details p 19-21.
Reported 9/11/08
5 Sept 11, 2008 Section K p 12 - 13 Add reference to UV maintenance details p 12.
Add UV maintenance details p 13-18.
Reported 9/11/08
6 Sept 11, 2008 Cover Changed title from Seafari to Horizon Seafari.
7 Jan 28, 2010 Cover Revision C – New Photos – New Seafari Versatile
8 April 28, 2010 Rev. C Re-format and updates to versatile standard
9 October 21, 2010 10-46 & 10-47 New Fresh Water Flush
10 June 4, 2012 Foldouts Replace Electrical Diagrams
11 June 4, 2012 Section 10 Added HP75 Drawings and Removed N200 Drawings
12 October 3, 2013 Section 6-3 Fig 6c -P&ID was updated
13 Feb. 15, 2014 Entire Manual Revised and reorganized all topics within manual

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page v
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Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 PURPOSE 1-1
1.2 SAFETY IN GENERAL 1-1
1.3 USING THIS MANUAL 1-1
1.4 TERM USED 1-1
1.5 SAFETY NOTES 1-1
1.6 GRAPHICS 1-1
1.7 THE REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS 1-1
1.8 GLOSSARY 1-4
2 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS 2-1
2.1 MODELS 2-1
2.2 PERFORMANCE 2-1
2.3 SPECIFICATIONS 2-2
2.4 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT 2-3
2.5 ELECTRICAL MOTOR SPECIFICATIONS 2-3
3 PRE-INSTALLATION NOTES 3-1
3.1 COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS 3-1
3.1.1 PRE-FILTRATION SUBSYSTEM 3-1
3.1.2 PRESSURIZATION SUBSYSTEM 3-3
3.1.3 BRINE DISCHARGE SUBSYSTEM 3-3
3.1.4 PRODUCT WATER MONITORING SUBSYSTEM 3-4
3.1.5 RINSE & CLEAN TANK SUBSYSTEM 3-4
3.1.6 ELECTRONIC SUBSYSTEM 3-4
3.1.7 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT 3-7
4 SYSTEM INSTALLATION 4-1
4.1 ON SITE STORAGE AND PREPARATION FOR INSTALLATION 4-1
4.1.1 STORAGE PRIOR TO UNCRATING 4-1
4.1.2 AVOID CHEMICAL ATTACK TO THE SYSTEM 4-1
4.1.3 COMPONENTS SUPPLIED BY OWNER: 4-1
4.1.4 TOOLS REQUIRED FOR INSTALLATION 4-1
4.1.5 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS 4-2
4.1.6 DISTANCE BETWEEN COMPONENTS 4-2
4.1.7 UNCRATING 4-2
4.1.8 HIGH PRESSURE PUMP PREPARATION 4-3
4.2 TUBING CONNECTIONS 4-4
4.3 SEAFARI COMPONENTS IDENTIFICATION & DIMENSIONS 4-6
4.3.1 SEAFARI VERSATILE - SELF CONTAINED 4-6
4.3.2 SEAFARI VERSATILE - MODULAR 4-7
4.3.3 PRE-FILTERS 4-8
4.3.4 GP HIGH PRESSURE PUMP (Standard) 4-8
4.3.5 BOOSTER PUMP 4-8

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page vii
4.3.6 RADIAL AXIAL HIGH PRESSURE PUMP (Optional) 4-8
4.3.7 CHARCOAL FILTER 4-9
4.3.8 FRESH WATER FLUSH 4-9
4.3.9 SEA STRAINER 4-9
4.3.10 MULTI-MEDIA FILTER 4-9
4.3.11 PLANKTON FILTER 4-10
4.3.12 CLEAN AND RINSE PANEL 4-10
4.3.13 COMMERCIAL PRE-FILTER / OIL WATER SEPARATOR 4-10
4.4 COMPONENT INSTALLATION 4-11
4.5 UV STERILIZER INSTALLATION 4-18
5 SYSTEM COMMISSIONING 5-1
5.1 HIGH PRESSURE PUMP PREPARATION 5-1
5.2 INITIAL START-UP PROCEDURE 5-3
5.3 HIGH/LOW PRESSURE FAULT LAMP EXPLANATION 5-4
6 SYSTEM START UP & SHUTDOWN 6-1
6.1 START UP PROCEDURE 6-1
6.1.1 HIGH/LOW PRESSURE FAULT LAMP 6-1
6.1.2 SOFT START OPERATION 6-2
6.2 SHUT DOWN PROCEDURE 6-4
6.2.1 SHUTDOWN CAUTIONS 6-4
6.2.2 SHUTDOWN SEQUENCE 6-4
7 TROUBLESHOOTING 7-1
8 STORAGE AND CLEANING 8-1
8.1 R.O. MEMBRANE ELEMENT HANDLING & SYSTEM STORAGE CAUTIONS 8-1
8.2 SHORT-TERM SHUTDOWN 8-4
8.3 LONG TERM SHUTDOWN 8-4
8.4 R.O. MEMBRANE ELEMENT CLEANING PROCEDURE 8-5
8.5 R.O. MEMBRANE ELEMENT CLEANING CAUTIONS AND INFORMATION 8-6
8.6 R.O. MEMBRANE ELEMENT CLEANING INSTRUCTIONS 8-7
9 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR 9-1
9.1 OPERATORS PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE 9-1
9.1.1 OPERATOR MAINTENANCE TIMETABLE 9-3
9.2 COMPONENT MAINTENANCE & REPAIR 9-4
10 EXPLODED PARTS VIEW 10-1
10.1 WHEN ORDERING 10-1
10.2 AVAILABLE TUBES AND FITTINGS 10-2
10.3 INSTALLATION KIT - HORIZON SEAFARI B2001210001 10-5
10.4 MAJOR PARTS 10-6
1. SEA STRAINER ASSY COMMERCIAL H2006210002 10-6
2. BOOSTER PUMP MOTOR ASSY 1PH HP75 - B016080026 10-7
3. BOOSTER PUMP ASSY MOTOR ASSY 3 PH HP75 - B016080027 10-8

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page viii
5. MEDIA FILTER ASSY -4 HS/AW/UW B071080002 10-11
6. MULTI MEDIA FILTER PLUMBING ASSY B075000001 10-13
7. PLANKTON FILTER ASSY-SINGLE B008800001 10-14
8. PLANKTON FILTER ASSY-DOUBLE B008800002 10-15
9. PREFILTER ASSY W/GAUGE HORIZON SEAFARI H210820000210-16
10. CHARCOAL FILTER ASSY HORIZON SEAFARI H2521210001 10-18
11. COMMERCIAL PREFILTER ASSY 32.5 SQ FT HRO HS B109120002 10-20
12. OIL WATER SEPARATOR 32.5 SQ FT HORIZON SEAFARI B11180000610-21
13. HP PUMP/MOTOR PLGR VERSATILE 110/220/50/60/1PH - B2151410003 10-22
14. HP PUMP/MOTOR PLGR HRO VERSATILE 220/60/3PH - B2151410004 10-23
15. HP PUMP/MOTOR PLGR HRO VERSATILE 220/380/50/3 - B2151410005 10-24
16. HP PUMP ASSY-12180513CO (Standard) 10-26
17. HP PUMP / MOTOR ASSY APP 110/220/50/60 1PH - B2151410001 10-28
18. HP PUMP / MOTOR ASSY APP 220/380/5/6 3PH - B2151410002 10-29
19. HP HOSE ASSEMBLY 10-30
20. MEMBRANE RACK 450-1 STD WITH MEMBRANE - H2221410001 10-31
21. MEMBRANE RACK 700-1 STD WITH MEMBRANE - H2221410002 10-32
22. MEMBRANE RACK 900-1 STD WITH MEMBRANE - H2221410003 10-33
23. MEMBRANE RACK 900-2 STD WITH MEMBRANES - H2221410004 10-34
24. MEMBRANE RACK 1400-2 STD WITH MEMBRANES - H2221410005 10-35
25. MEMBRANE RACK 1800-2 STD WITH MEMBRANES - H2221410006 10-36
26. CONTROLLER HORIZON SEAFARI H22502210004 10-37
27. CONTROL MANIFOLD ASSEMBLY H2250221000510-39
28. MAIN POWER ENCLOSURE SEAFARI H2600210003 10-41
29. MAIN POWER ENCLOSURE SEAFARI 3PH H2600210004 10-42
30. PH NEUTRALIZER ASSY -10" H593001001A 10-44
32. FRESH WATER FLUSH (.50 INCH) B598000008 10-46
33. UV STERILIZER 12VDC 2GPM B5262000CV 10-48
34. SOFT START ASSY B596800014 10-49
35. SOFT START ASSY B596800015 10-50
11 ELECTRICAL INFORMATION 11-1
11.1 ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS 11-1
11.1.2 AC INDUCTION MOTORS 11-1
11.1.1 POWER SOURCE REQUIREMENTS 11-1
11.1.3 RECOMMENDED CIRCUIT BREAKER 11-2
11.1.4 RECOMMENDED COPPER WIRE & SIZE FOR MAIN POWER FEED LINE 11-2
11.1.5 MOTOR ROTATION 11-2
11.1.6 WIRING CONNECTIONS 11-2
11.2 WIRING DIAGRAMS 11-3
12 CONVERSION CHARTS 12-1
36.REMOTE ASSY HRO SF/SE/170SF H2606210005 10-51

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page ix
12.3 TEMPURATURE EFFECT COMPARISON CHART 12-2
12.4 SEA WATER TEMPURATURE & PRESSURE EFFECTS CHART 12-3
12.5 SALINITY EFFECTS CHART 12-4
12.6 WATER COMPARISON CHART 12-5
12.7 PPM CONVERSION CHART 12-6
12.8 PRESSURE 12-7

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
1
INTRODUCTION
1

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1This page is intentionally left blank

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page 1-iii
1
LIMITED WARRANTY
HRO Systems warrants that the Horizon Seafari Desalination System performs according to the specications for a period
of twelve (12) months and specically listed components are warranted for up to 5 years from the date of shipment. HRO
Systems, under no circumstances, is liable for damages arising out of or in any way connected with the failure of the system
to perform as set forth herein. This limited warranty is in lieu of all other expressed or implied warranties, including those of
merchantability and tness for a particular purpose.
The warranty period is from the date of original shipment from HRO Systems factory.
The following items are covered under warranty for the periods designated:
System and Accessories 1 (one) year
High Pressure Vessel 5 (ve) years
HP Pump (manifold) 5 (ve) years
Repairs after warranty 3 (three) months
The following items are considered normal user maintenance and are not covered under warranty:
1. Sea Strainer Element 7. Pump Crankcase Oil
2. Cartridge Filter Elements 8. Gauge Instrument Calibration
3. Sand & Graven in the MMF 9. Fuses
4. Pump Packing Assemblies 10. Valve Seals and Packings
5. Pump Seal Assemblies 11. Exterior Corrosion
6. Pump Valve Assemblies
Installation of components not supplied by HRO Systems, are not covered by this or any limited warranty.
Improper installation, resulting in system failure or component failure or decline in performance is not covered by this or any limited warranty.
The Reverse Osmosis Membrane Element is warrantied for a period of one year from the date of shipment of the membrane. Any misuse or
improper operation or maintenance of the system that causes premature fouling of the Membrane Element is not warrantied. The Reverse
Osmosis Membrane Element is also guaranteed to be cleanable for a minimum of one year from the date of shipment, providing cleaning
periods are adhered to and foulant is acid soluble metal hydroxides and calcium carbonates or alkaline soluble organic, inorganic substances
and microbiological slimes. The Membrane Element is not warrantied for iron fouling (rust), chemical or petroleum products attack, extreme
temperatures (over 120 F/under 32 F), drying out or extreme pressures (over 1000 psi).
In the event of a defect, malfunction or failure, specically covered by this warranty and during the warranty period, HRO Systems will repair
or replace, at its option, the product or component therein, which upon examination by HRO Systems appears to be defective.
To obtain warranty service, the defective product or part must be returned to an authorized HRO Systems Factory Service Center (dealer) or
direct to HRO Systems. The end user must pay any transportation and labor expenses incurred in removing and returning the product to the
service center or HRO Systems pending evaluation and warranty approval. Upon warranty approval, reasonable expenses will be reimbursed.
The limited warranty does not extend to any system or system component which has been subjected to alteration, misuse, neglect, accident,
improper installation, inadequate or improper repair or maintenance or subject to use in violation of instructions furnished by HRO Systems,
nor does the warranty extend to components on which the serial number has been removed, defaced or changed.
HRO Systems reserves the right to make changes or improvements in its product, during subsequent production, without incurring the
obligation to install such changes or improvements on previously manufactured equipment.
The implied warranties, which the law imposes on the sale of this product, are expressly LIMITED in duration to the time period above. HRO
Systems shall not be liable for damages, consequential or otherwise, resulting from the use and operation of this product, or from the breach of
this LIMITED WARRANTY.
CAUTION: Use of non HRO Systems supplied parts and accessories, including but not limited to maintenance
parts, prelter elements, cleaning and storage chemical, pump oil, spare parts, replacement parts, system
components, installation components and/or system accessories, shall void all warranty expressed or implied.

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page 1-1
1
1.5 SAFETY NOTES
Safety issues that require users attention are
highlight through out this manual as follows.
CAUTION: A Caution note provides
important information users must know
to prevent the possibility of damaging the
device or equipment and to prevent the
possibility of injuries and/or death.
NOTE: A Note provides additional
information users should know
to properly and safely operate the
equipment.
1.6 GRAPHICS
Graphics used are for reference and illustration
purposes only, and may not represent the actual part
or arrangement of parts in a customized system.
1.7 THE REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS
The Obstacle: Osmosis is the naturally occurring
diffusion of two miscible (mixable) solutions through
a semipermeable membrane in such a manner as
to equalize their concentration by allowing a lessor
concentration, potable water, to naturally diffuse
through a semipermeable membrane into a higher
concentration, sea or brackish water.
Sea / brackish water is a high concentration solution.
Potable water is a low concentration solution.
Therefore, sea water or brackish water cannot
naturally diffuse through a semipermeable
membrane to provide potable, or drinking water.
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE
This manual is intended for HRO System’s system
technicians, technical support, and training
personnel. This manual contains technical
information and instructions for the installation,
operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of the
HRO System’s Desalination Product.
1.2 SAFETY IN GENERAL
Anyone responsible for the installation, operation,
and maintenance of the HRO Desalination System
must read this manual thoroughly and comply with
the instructions, guidelines, and safety requirements
at all times.
1.3 USING THIS MANUAL
Reading this manual in its entirety will help users
to become familiar with each component within the
system. By understanding the function, importance,
and normal operation of each component, users can
readily operate and diagnose problems.
Aside from this section, this manual is divided into
majors sections.
• Section 2: System Specications
• Section 3:
• Section 4: System Schematic and Component
Descriptions
• Section 5: System Installation
• Section 6: Commissioning
• Section 7: Start-up Procedure
• Section 8: Shutdown Procedure
• Section 9: Troubleshooting Guide
• Section 10: Storage and Cleaning
• Section 11: Maintenance & Repair
• Section 12: Exploded Parts View
• Section 13: Electrical Diagrams
• Section 14: Conversion Charts
Each section should be reviewed in the order
provided before performing any system operations.
1.4 TERM USED
The term System refers to the Seafari System in
general and will be used throughout this manual.

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page 1-2
1
through the Brine Discharge Connector and diverted
back to the feed source.
Product Water: The product water ows out of
the R.O. Membrane and passes into a Salinity
Probe which adjusts automatically for temperature
changes and registers, electronically, the salt content
of the product water. Next, the Product Flow
Meter registers the amount of potable water being
produced. The product water then proceeds into
the 3-Way Solenoid Diversion Valve. Here, potable
water is diverted to the Charcoal Filter where
gasses or odors present are absorbed and removed
from the product water. The nal ltration process
occurs in the Ultraviolet Sterilizer where 99.9% of all
microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria,
are destroyed.
Rinsing and Cleaning: The 3-way valves are
provided for System Rinsing and Cleaning.
The Automatic Fresh Water Flush System
maintains fresh water within the System during
shut down periods.
Electronics: All electrical connections terminate at the
Salinity Controller. Highly advanced, the Salinity
Controller features computer controlled reliable
solid state electronics with advanced proprietary
logic features found in no other desalination system.
Various Remote Control units are available for
remote operation of the System.
The HRO Solution
A manmade process, Reverse Osmosis, overcomes
this natural phenomenon. By forcing sea or
brackish water (under high pressure) through a
semipermeable membrane, potable water can be
realized. Reverse Osmosis Desalination Systems by
HROSystems make possible the once impossible,
potable water from undrinkable water sources.
Low Pressure: Feed Water (Salt Water or Brackish
Water) enters the system through an Inlet Valve
and is then ltered by a raw water Sea Strainer.
The pressure of the Feed water is increased by
the Booster Pump and ltered several more times
through standard and optional preltration units
including Media Filter,
Plankton Filter, Prelter and
Oil Water Separator.
High Pressure: The Stainless
Steel High Pressure Pump
then increases the ltered
feed water to a high
pressure level and forces
it into the Reinforced
Fiberglass Membrane
Vessel Assembly. The Back
Pressure Regulator controls
and automatically maintains
the necessary high pressure
level in the membrane.
Concentrated brine enters
the Brine Water Flow Meter
which allows observation
of the condition of the High
Pressure Pump. The Brine
Water is then discharged

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
Page 1-3
1ILLUSTRATION: THE ANATOMY OF A REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE ELEMENT

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1
1.8 GLOSSARY
Following terms are helpful in becoming familiar
with the HRO System.
BOUNDARY LAYER / CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION
When water permeates through the membrane,
nearly all the salt is left behind in the brine
channel. In any dynamic hydraulic system, the
uid adjacent to the wall of the vessel is moving
relatively slow. Even though the main body of the
stream is turbulent, a thin lm adjacent to the wall
(membrane) is laminar. This thin lm is called the
boundary layer.
At the boundary layer the salts are saturated
and can readily adhere to and pack into the R.O.
membrane element surface if the Feed Water Flow
is insufcient. For this reason it is important to
maintain sufcient Feed Water ow, to prevent
Concentration Polarization, through the R.O.
membrane element.
BRINE VELOCITY
The brine ow over the membrane surface is
very important to both product water quality and
quantity. At low ows, concentration polarization
occurs, causing the water quality to decline.
In addition to inferior product water quality,
low brine ows can increase the precipitation
of sparingly soluble salts which will foul the
R.O. membrane element surface (concentration
polarization). If this occurs, the product water ux
(production) will decline.
The Feed Pump integrated design provide a
relatively smooth and continual ow of Feed Water
across and through the R.O. membrane element.
COMPACTION
Some densication of the membrane structure may
take place while operating at elevated pressures,
above 1000 PSI. The change is known as compaction
and is accompanied by a reduction in the water
permeation rate.
When the Reverse Osmosis membrane element is
subjected to elevated pressures beyond 1000 PSI the
Product Water Channel becomes squeezed which
results in restriction and in turn product water
recovery reduction.
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
The transfer of the water from one side of the
membrane to the other will continue until the
head (pressure) is great enough to prevent any
net transfer of the solvent (water) to the more
concentrated (feed water) solution.
At equilibrium, the quantity of water passing in
either direction is equal, and the head pressure
is then dened as the “Osmotic Pressure” of the
solution having that particular concentration of
dissolved solids.
PRESSURE
The operating pressure has a direct affect on product
water quality and quantity. Both factors will increase
as the system pressure increases (higher quantity
and higher quality within design limits).
The system must be operated at the lowest pressure
required to achieve the designed product water ow
rate. This parameter also minimizes compaction,
which proceeds at a faster rate at higher pressures as
well as at higher temperatures.
The System self adjusts its operating pressure to
maintain a precise amount of Product Water Flow.
However in so doing, at low temperatures and
or high salinity feed water conditions the system
will operate at higher than normal pressure in
maintaining the specied amount of product water
ow. This is normal, to be expected, and is due to the
design characteristics of the system.
SPIRAL-WOUND MEMBRANE
The spiral-wound membrane consists of multiple
membrane envelopes each formed by enclosing
a channelized product water carrying material
between two large at membrane sheets. The
membrane envelope is sealed on three edges with a
special adhesive and attached with the adhesive to a
small diameter pipe.
A polypropylene screen is used to form the feed
water channel between the membrane envelopes.
A wrap is applied to the membrane element to
maintain the cylindrical conguration. The center
tube is also the permeate (product water) collecting
channel. Several elements may be connected in
series within a single or multiple pressure vessels).
WATER TEMPERATURE EFFECT
The product water ow through the membrane
is signicantly affected by the water temperature.

Seafari Versatile 450 - 1800
1At any given pressure this ow increases with
increasing water temperature and is reduced at
lower temperatures. The system over comes this
factor by self adjusting the operating pressure to
maintain a precise amount of Product Water Flow.