HP MC68040 User manual

User’s Guide for the Graphical User Interface
MC68040/EC040/LC040
Emulator/Analyzer
(HP 64783A/B)

Notice
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on equipment that is not furnished by Hewlett-Packard.
© Copyright 1993, 1994, Hewlett-Packard Company.
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ii

Printing History
New editions are complete revisions of the manual. The date on the title page
changes only when a new edition is published.
A software code may be printed before the date; this indicates the version level of
the software product at the time the manual was issued. Many product updates and
fixes do not require manual changes, and manual corrections may be done without
accompanying product changes. Therefore, do not expect a one-to-one
correspondence between product updates and manual revisions.
Edition 1
Edition 2
Edition 3
B3090-97000, March 1993
B3090-97001, October 1993
B3090-97002, January 1994
Safety and Certification and Warranty
Safety information, and certification and warranty information can be found on the
pages before the back cover.
iii

The HP 64783A/B Emulator
HP 64700
Instrumentation
Card Cage
HP 64783A/B
68040/EC040/LC040 Emulator
Demo Target System
HP 9000 Series 300
Host System
iv

The HP 64783A/B Emulator
Description
The HP 64783A/B emulator supports the Motorola 68040, 68EC040, and 68LC040
microprocessors operating at clock speeds up to 33 MHz (HP 64783A) or 40 MHz
(HP 64783B). Differences between the three microprocessors are shown in the
table below:
The emulator uses an MC68040 microprocessor and is pin-for-pin compatible with
the MC68EC040 and MC68LC040 microprocessors. Refer to the end of Chapter 4,
"Using the Emulator", for special considerations when using the emulator in target
systems designed with the MC68EC040 or MC68LC040.
Throughout this manual, the microprocessor will be referred to as the MC68040,
except where the three versions must be discussed separately.
Additionally, this emulator supports development of target systems using the
MC68040 together with up to 31 MC68360’s in slave mode. Refer to the end of
Chapter 4, "Using the Emulator", for an explanation of this emulator’s support for
the MC68360 slave mode.
The emulators plug into the modular HP 64700 instrumentation card cage and offer
80 channels of processor bus analysis with the HP 64704A or HP 64794A
emulation-bus analyzer. Flexible memory configurations are offered from zero
through two megabytes of emulation memory. High performance download is
achieved through the use of a LAN or RS-422 interface. An RS-232 port and a
firmware-resident interface allow debugging of a target system at remote locations.
For software development, the HP AxCASE environment is available on SUN
SPARCsystems and HP workstations. This environment includes an ANSI standard
Motorola Processor Includes MMU Includes FPU
68040
68EC040
68LC040
yes
no
yes
yes
no
no
v

C compiler, assembler/linker, a debugger that uses either a software simulator or
the emulator for instruction execution, the HP Software Performance Analyzer that
allows you to optimize your product software, and the HP Branch Validator for test
suite verification.
If your software development platform is a personal computer, support is available
from several third party vendors. This capability is provided through the HP
64700’s ability to consume several industry standard output file formats.
Ada language support is provided on HP 9000 workstations by third party vendors,
such as Alsys and Verdix. An Ada application developer can use the HP emulator
and any compiler that generates HP/MRI IEEE-695 to do exhaustive, real-time
debugging in-circuit or out-of-circuit.
Features
HP 64783A/B Emulator
•16 to 33 MHz active probe emulator (HP 64783A)
•20 to 40 MHz active probe emulator (HP 64783B)
•Supports MC68040, MC68EC040, and MC68LC040
•Supports burst and synchronous bus modes
•Symbolic support
•Number of breakpoints available:
–If specified at RAM addresses: unlimited;
–If specified at ROM addresses: eight.
•36 inch cable and 219 mm (8.8") x 102 mm (4") probe, terminating in PGA
package
•Background and foreground monitors
•Simulated I/O with workstation interfaces
•Consumes IEEE-695, HP-OMF, Motorola S-Records, and Extended Tek Hex
File formats directly. (Symbols are available with IEEE-695 andHP-OMF
formats.)
•Multiprocessor emulation
–synchronous start of 32 emulation sessions
–cross triggerable from another emulator, logic analyzer, or oscilloscope
•Demo board and self test module included
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Emulation-bus analyzer
•80-channel emulation-bus analyzer, which uses the static deMMUer of the
MC68040 emulator
•Postprocessed, dequeued trace with symbols
•Eight events, each consisting of address, status, and data comparators
•Events may be sequenced eight levels deep and can be used for complex
trigger qualification and selective store
Emulation memory
•256 Kbyte, 512 Kbyte, 1 Mbyte, 1.25 Mbyte and 2 Mbyte memory
configurations available
•4 Kbytes of dual-ported memory available if you use the background monitor.
•Mapping resolution is 256 bytes
•No wait states required by the emulator for processor speeds up to 25 MHz
•One wait state required in all accesses above 25 MHz
vii

In This Book
This manual covers the HP 64783A/B emulator. All information in the manual
applies to all three Microprocessor versions, unless it is marked with the processor
name (MC68040, MC68EC040, or MC68LC040).
Part 1, “Quick Start Guide,” tells you how to start using the emulator.
1. Getting Started
2. Solving Quick Start Problems
Part 2, “User’s Guide,” describes how to use the emulator/analyzer interface to
perform a variety of tasks.
3. Using the Emulator/Analyzer Interface
4. Using the Emulator
5. Using the Emulation-Bus Analyzer
6. Making Coordinated Measurements
7. Making Software Performance Measurements
8. Configuring the Emulator (to be performed before you run a program in
emulation)
9. Solving Problems
Part 3, “Reference Guide,” provides detailed information on emulator functions,
commands and environments.
10. Using MC68040 Memory Management
11. Emulator Commands
12. Emulator Messages
13. Setting X Resources
14. The SPARCsystem Interface
15. Microtec Language Tools used with the Emulator
16. Specifications and Characteristics
Part 4. "Concepts Guide," discusses X Resources and the Graphical User Interface.
Part 5, “Installation and Service Guide,” shows you how to install and maintain the
emulator.
18. Installation and Service
19. Installing/Updating Emulator Firmware
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Contents
Part 1 Quick Start Guide
In This Part 2
1 Getting Started
The Emulator/Analyzer Interface — At a Glance 4
The Softkey Interface 4
Softkey Interface Conventions 5
The Graphical User Interface 6
Graphical User Interface Conventions 8
The Getting Started Tutorial 11
Step 1: Start the demo 12
Step 2: Display the program in memory 14
Step 3: Run from the transfer address 15
Step 4: Step high-level source lines 16
Step 5: Display the previous mnemonic display 17
Step 6: Run until an address 18
Step 7: Display data values 19
Step 8: Display registers 20
Step 9: Step assembly-level instructions 21
Step 10: Trace the program 22
Step 11: Display memory at an address in a register 24
Step 12: Patch assembly language code 25
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The MMU Demonstration 28
Step 13: Obtain the normal interface and MMU demo 29
Step 14: See the setup of the MMU 31
Step 15: Look at the translation table details for a single logical address 32
Step 16: Look at details of MMU Table C 33
Step 17: Output characters on the seven-segment display 34
Step 18: Take a trace of emulation activity 35
Step 19: Prepare the deMMUer so you can see symbolic addresses in the trace list
36
Step 20: Take a new trace 37
Step 21: Inverse assemble the trace list 38
Step 22: Reset the emulator 39
2 Solving Quick Start Problems
If the desired emulator interface won’t start 42
If the text-based Softkey Interface won’t start under X-Windows 42
If you can’t load the demo program 43
If you can’t display the program 44
Part 2 Using The Emulator
Making Measurements 46
In This Part 2 46
3 Using the Emulator/Analyzer Interface
Maximum Number of Windows 49
Activities that Occur in the Windows 49
Using Multiple Terminals 51
Contents
x

Starting the Emulator/Analyzer Interface 52
To see emulator/analyzer availability before interface startup 52
To start the emulator/analyzer interface 53
To start the interface using the default configuration 54
To execute a command file at interface startup 55
To unlock an interface that was left locked by another user 56
Opening Other HP 64700 Interface Windows 57
To open additional emulator/analyzer windows 57
To open the high-level debugger interface window 58
To open the software performance analyzer (SPA) interface window 58
Entering Commands 59
To turn the command line on or off in the Graphical User Interface 59
To enter commands on the command line 60
To edit the command line using the command line pushbuttons on the Graphical
User Interface 61
To edit the command line using the command line popup menu 62
To edit the command line using the keyboard 63
To recall commands 63
To execute a completed command 64
To get online help on commands 65
To display the error log 66
To display the event log 66
Using Special Features of the Graphical User Interface 67
To choose a pulldown menu item using the mouse (method 1) 67
To choose a pulldown menu item using the mouse (method 2) 68
To choose a pulldown menu item using the keyboard 69
To choose popup menu items 70
To place values into the entry buffer using the keyboard 71
To copy-and-paste to the entry buffer 71
To recall entry buffer values 74
To use the entry buffer 74
To copy-and-paste from the entry buffer to the command line entry area 75
To use the action keys 76
To use dialog boxes 76
Using display-control features of the Softkey Interface 80
Contents
xi

Copying information to a file or printer 81
Exiting the Emulator/Analyzer Interface 83
To end a single window in the interface 83
To end the emulation session in all windows 84
Creating and Executing Command Files 85
Passing Parameters to Command Files 85
Using &ArG_lEfT in Command Files 86
Using UNIX Commands and Scripts with Command Files 86
Using Shell Variables with Command Files 86
Restrictions on Commands 87
Status Line Updates 87
Nesting Command Files 87
Pausing Command Files 87
Placing Comments in Command Files 88
Continuing Command File Lines 88
Specifying a Search of Several Command File Directories 88
To create a command file by logging commands 88
To create a command file by using a text editor 90
To execute (or playback) a command file 91
To nest command files 92
To pause command file execution 93
To add a comment to a command file 94
To pass parameters to a command file 95
To increase flexibility of command files by using &ArG_lEfT 97
To specify the order of searching several command file directories (HP64KPATH)
98
Forwarding Commands to Other HP 64700 Interfaces 100
To forward commands to the high-level debugger 100
To forward commands to the software performance analyzer 101
Accessing the Terminal Interface 102
To display the Terminal Interface screen 103
To copy the Terminal Interface screen contents to a file 103
To enter Terminal Interface commands 104
To get help on Terminal Interface commands 106
Contents
xii

Accessing the Operating System 107
To set environment variables 107
To enter UNIX commands 108
To display the name of the emulation module 109
4 Using the Emulator
The Emulator And Its Applications 112
The demo Application 113
To build programs 113
To configure the emulator 115
Loading and Storing Programs 116
To load a program 116
To load the demo program 118
To store a program 119
To edit files 120
Using Symbols 123
To load a symbol database 124
To display global symbols 125
To display local symbols 126
To display the parent symbol of a symbol 128
To copy and paste a full symbol name to the entry buffer 129
To enter a symbol 130
To display the current directory and current working symbol 131
To change the directory context 132
To change the current working symbol context 132
Contents
xiii

Accessing Processor Memory Resources 134
To display program data structures 134
To display only source lines 136
To display intermixed source lines 137
To display symbols without source lines 138
To display absolute addresses 139
To display memory in byte format 140
To display memory in word format 141
To display memory in long word format 142
To display memory in mnemonic format 143
To return to the previous mnemonic display 144
To display memory in real number form 145
To redisplay memory locations 146
To display memory repetitively 146
To modify memory 147
Using Processor Run Controls 150
To run a program 150
To run programs from the transfer address 152
To run programs from reset 152
To run programs until a selected address occurs 153
To break to the monitor 154
To step the processor 155
To reset the processor 158
Viewing and Modifying Registers 159
To display registers 159
To modify registers 161
Contents
xiv

Using Execution Breakpoints 163
Setting execution breakpoints in RAM 163
Setting execution breakpoints in ROM 164
Execution breakpoints in ROM when the MMU manages memory 164
Using temporary and permanent breakpoints 165
To enable execution breakpoints 166
To disable an execution breakpoint 166
To set a permanent breakpoint 167
To set a temporary breakpoint 168
To set a ROM breakpoint in RAM 169
To clear an execution breakpoint 170
To clear all execution breakpoints 172
To display the status of all execution breakpoints 172
Changing the Interface Settings 174
To set the source/symbol modes 174
To set the display modes 175
Source/Symbols View 176
Field Widths 176
Auto Update 176
Using the Emulator In-Circuit 177
To install the emulation probe 177
To power-on the emulator and your target system 179
To probe target system sockets 179
Using The Emulator With MMU Enabled 180
To enable the processor memory management unit 180
To view the present logical-to-physical mappings 181
To see translation details for a single logical address 183
To see details of a translation table used to map a selected logical address 185
Using an FPU with an MC68EC040 or MC68LC040 Target System
187
Contents
xv

Using M68040 support for the M68360 Companion Mode 188
To set up custom M68040 Action Keys to support the M68360 Companion Mode
189
Tasks you may wish to perform when using the M68040/M68360 companion
Mode 194
For more information 196
5 Using the Emulation-Bus Analyzer
Power of the Emulation-Bus Analyzer 198
Making Simple Trace Measurements 199
To start a trace measurement 200
To stop a trace measurement 201
To display the trace list 201
To display the trace status 203
To change the trace depth 204
To modify the last trace command entered 205
To define a simple trigger qualifier 206
To specify a trigger and set the trigger position 207
To define a simple storage qualifier 208
Displaying the Trace List 209
To disassemble the trace list 212
To specify trace disassembly options 213
To specify trace dequeueing options 215
To display the trace without disassembly 217
To display symbols in the trace list 218
To display source lines in the trace list 220
To change the column width 221
To select the type of count information in the trace list 222
To offset addresses in the trace list 224
To reset the trace display defaults 225
To move through the trace list 225
To display the trace list around a specific line number 226
To change the number of states available for display 227
To display program memory associated with a trace list line 228
To open an edit window into the source file associated with a trace list line 228
Contents
xvi

Analyzing Program Execution When The MMU Is Enabled 229
To program the deMMUer in a static memory system 229
To store a deMMUer setup file 231
To load the deMMUer from a deMMUer setup file 231
To trace program execution in physical address space 232
Making Complex Trace Measurements 233
To use address, data, and status values in trace expressions 238
To enter a range in a trace expression 239
To use the sequencer 240
To specify a restart term 241
To specify trace windowing 242
To specify both sequencing and windowing 243
To count states or time 244
To define a storage qualifier 245
To define a prestore qualifier 246
To trace activity leading up to a program halt 247
To modify the trace specification 248
To repeat the previous trace command 249
To capture a continuous stream of program execution no matter how large your
program 250
Saving and Restoring Trace Data and Specifications 254
To store a trace specification 254
To store trace data 255
To load a trace specification 256
To load trace data 257
Saving and Restoring DeMMUer Setup Files 258
To store a DeMMUer setup file 258
To load a DeMMUer setup file 258
Using Basis Branch Analysis 259
To store BBA data to a file 259
Contents
xvii

6 Making Coordinated Measurements
The Elements of Coordinated Measurements 262
Comparison Between CMB and BNC Triggers 264
Setting Up for Coordinated Measurements 265
To connect the Coordinated Measurement Bus (CMB) 265
To connect to the rear panel BNC 267
Starting/Stopping Multiple Emulators 269
To enable synchronous measurements 269
To start synchronous measurements 270
To disable synchronous measurements 270
Using Trigger Signals 271
To drive the emulation-bus analyzer trigger signal to the CMB 273
To drive the emulation-bus analyzer trigger signal to the BNC connector 274
To break emulator execution on signal from CMB 275
To break emulator execution on signal from BNC 276
To arm the emulation-bus analyzer on signal from CMB 277
To arm the emulation-bus analyzer on signal from BNC 277
Making Example Measurements 278
To start a simultaneous program run on two emulators 278
To trigger one emulation-bus analyzer with another 279
To break to the monitor on an analyzer trigger signal 280
7 Making Software Performance Measurements
Using the Software Performance Measurement Tool 282
Use the Software Performance Analyzer (SPA) for more capability 282
Understanding activity measurements 283
Understanding duration measurements 286
Contents
xviii

To use the Software Performance Measurement Tool 287
Step 1. Set up the trace command 288
Step 2. Initialize the performance measurement 289
Step 3. Run the performance measurement 293
Step 4. End the performance measurement 294
Step 5. Generate the performance measurement report 295
8 Configuring the Emulator
Using the Configuration Interface 303
To start the configuration interface 304
To modify a configuration section 306
To apply configuration changes to the emulator 308
To store configuration changes to a file 308
To change the configuration directory context 309
To display the configuration context 310
To access help topics 310
To access context sensitive (f1) help 311
To exit the configuration interface 311
To load a configuration 312
Modifying the Monitor Setup 313
To select the monitor type 314
To select the monitor filename 315
To select the monitor address 316
To select the monitor interrupt priority level 317
To select whether or not the emulator will terminate monitor bus cycles 318
To select if there will be a keep-alive function, its address, and function code 319
Mapping Memory 320
To add memory map entries 322
To modify memory map entries 325
To delete memory map entries 327
To characterize unmapped ranges 327
To map memory ranges in which data is not loaded into the caches 328
To map memory in which the emulator will terminate bus cycles 328
To map memory to be stored within the dual-port memory 329
Contents
xix

Configuring the Emulator General Items Screen 330
To enable/disable target system interrupts 331
To enable/disable the instruction and data caches 332
To enable/disable the memory management unit (MMU) 333
To specify whether the clock speed of the emulation bus is greater than 25 MHz
334
To restrict the emulator to real-time runs 335
To enable/disable breaks on writes to ROM 336
To specify the memory access size 337
To specify the initial value of the stack pointer 338
To specify the initial value of the program counter 339
Setting the Trace Options 340
To include/exclude background monitor execution in the trace 341
To identify the data rate of your emulation system for the 1K analyzer 341
Modifying the Simulated IO Configuration Items 343
Modifying the Interactive Measurement Specification Configuration
Items 344
To select whether the card cage rear panel BNC is connected to the Trig1 or Trig2
or both signals 345
To select whether the coordinated measurement bus is connected to the Trig1 or
Trig2 or both signals 346
To select whether the emulator will allow a signal on Trig2 to initiate a break from
target program execution 347
To select whether or not the emulation-bus analyzer will operate with, or ignore,
the Trig2 line of the coordinated measurement bus. 348
Providing MMU Address Translation for the Foreground Monitor
349
Locating the Foreground Monitor using the MMU Address Translation Tables
351
Contents
xx