HP 5130 EI Switch Series User manual
HP 5130 EI Switch Series
Fundamentals
Configuration Guide
Part number: 5998-5473
Software version: Release 3106
Document version: 6W100-20140919
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AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained
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herein.
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Contents
Using the CLI ································································································································································ 1
CLI views ············································································································································································1
Entering system view from user view······················································································································2
Returning to the upper-level view from any view ··································································································2
Returning to user view··············································································································································2
Accessing the CLI online help··········································································································································2
Using the undo form of a command ·······························································································································3
Entering a command·························································································································································3
Editing a command line···········································································································································4
Entering a text or string type value for an argument ····························································································4
Abbreviating commands··········································································································································4
Configuring and using command keyword aliases······························································································5
Configuring and using command hotkeys·············································································································5
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands ···············································································6
Understanding command-line error messages···············································································································7
Using the command history function ·······························································································································7
Controlling the CLI output·················································································································································8
Pausing between screens of output ························································································································8
Numbering each output line from a display command ·······················································································9
Filtering the output from a display command········································································································9
Saving the output from a display command to a file ························································································ 12
Viewing and managing the output from a display command effectively························································ 13
Saving the running configuration ································································································································· 13
Login overview ···························································································································································14
Logging in through the console port for the first device access··············································································15
Logging in to the CLI··················································································································································18
CLI overview ··································································································································································· 18
User lines································································································································································ 18
Login authentication modes·································································································································· 19
User roles ······························································································································································· 19
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 20
Logging in through the console port locally ················································································································ 20
Disabling authentication for console login ········································································································· 20
Configuring password authentication for console login ··················································································· 21
Configuring scheme authentication for console login ······················································································· 22
Configuring common AUX line settings ·············································································································· 22
Logging in through Telnet·············································································································································· 24
Configuring Telnet login on the device··············································································································· 25
Using the device to log in to a Telnet server ······································································································ 30
Logging in through SSH ················································································································································ 31
Configuring SSH login on the device·················································································································· 31
Using the device to log in to an SSH server······································································································· 33
Logging in through a pair of modems ························································································································· 33
Displaying and maintaining CLI login ························································································································· 36
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Accessing the device through SNMP ·······················································································································37
Controlling user access··············································································································································38
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 38
Controlling Telnet/SSH logins ······································································································································ 38
Configuration procedures····································································································································· 38
Configuration example ········································································································································· 39
Controlling SNMP access·············································································································································· 39
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 39
Configuration example ········································································································································· 40
Configuring command authorization··························································································································· 41
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 41
Configuration example ········································································································································· 42
Configuring command accounting······························································································································· 44
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 44
Configuration example ········································································································································· 45
Configuring RBAC······················································································································································47
Overview········································································································································································· 47
Permission assignment ·········································································································································· 47
Assigning user roles ·············································································································································· 49
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 50
Configuration task list ···················································································································································· 50
Creating user roles························································································································································· 50
Configuring user role rules············································································································································ 51
Configuration restrictions and guidelines ··········································································································· 51
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 52
Configuring feature groups··········································································································································· 52
Changing resource access policies······························································································································ 53
Changing the interface policy of a user role······································································································ 53
Changing the VLAN policy of a user role ·········································································································· 53
Assigning user roles······················································································································································· 54
Enabling the default user role feature ················································································································· 54
Assigning user roles to remote AAA authentication users ················································································ 54
Assigning user roles to local AAA authentication users···················································································· 55
Assigning user roles to non-AAA authentication users on user lines ······························································· 55
Configuring temporary user role authorization ·········································································································· 56
Configuration guidelines ······································································································································ 56
Configuring user role authentication··················································································································· 58
Obtaining temporary user role authorization ···································································································· 58
Displaying RBAC settings ·············································································································································· 59
RBAC configuration examples······································································································································ 59
RBAC configuration example for local AAA authentication users ··································································· 59
RBAC configuration example for RADIUS authentication users ······································································· 61
RBAC temporary user role authorization configuration example (HWTACACS authentication) ················· 64
RBAC temporary user role authorization configuration example (RADIUS authentication) ·························· 68
Troubleshooting RBAC··················································································································································· 71
Local users have more access permissions than intended ················································································ 71
Login attempts by RADIUS users always fail ······································································································ 71
Configuring FTP··························································································································································73
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 73
Using the device as an FTP server································································································································ 73
Configuring basic parameters ····························································································································· 74
Configuring authentication and authorization ··································································································· 74
Manually releasing FTP connections ··················································································································· 75
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Displaying and maintaining the FTP server ········································································································ 75
FTP server configuration example························································································································ 75
Using the device as an FTP client································································································································· 77
Establishing an FTP connection···························································································································· 77
Managing directories on the FTP server ············································································································· 78
Working with files on the FTP server··················································································································· 78
Changing to another user account ······················································································································ 79
Maintaining and troubleshooting the FTP connection ······················································································· 80
Terminating the FTP connection ··························································································································· 80
Displaying command help information··············································································································· 80
Displaying and maintaining FTP client························································································································· 80
FTP client configuration example·································································································································· 81
Configuring TFTP························································································································································83
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 83
Configuring the device as an IPv4 TFTP client ············································································································ 83
Configuring the device as an IPv6 TFTP client ············································································································ 84
Managing the file system ··········································································································································85
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 85
File name formats··························································································································································· 85
Managing files ······························································································································································· 86
Displaying file information ··································································································································· 86
Displaying the contents of a text file ··················································································································· 86
Renaming a file······················································································································································ 86
Copying a file························································································································································ 87
Moving a file·························································································································································· 87
Compressing/decompressing a file ···················································································································· 87
Archiving/extracting files ····································································································································· 87
Deleting/restoring a file ······································································································································· 87
Deleting files from the recycle bin ······················································································································· 88
Calculating the file digest····································································································································· 88
Managing directories ···················································································································································· 89
Displaying directory information ························································································································· 89
Displaying the current working directory············································································································ 89
Changing the current working directory············································································································· 89
Creating a directory·············································································································································· 89
Removing a directory············································································································································ 89
Managing storage media ············································································································································· 90
Repairing a storage medium································································································································ 90
Formatting a storage medium ······························································································································ 90
Setting the operation mode for files and folders ········································································································ 90
Managing configuration files····································································································································92
Overview········································································································································································· 92
Configuration types··············································································································································· 92
Startup configuration loading process ················································································································ 93
Configuration file formats····································································································································· 94
Startup configuration file selection ······················································································································ 94
Configuration file content organization and format ·························································································· 94
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 95
Enabling configuration encryption ······························································································································· 95
Saving the running configuration ································································································································· 95
Configuring configuration rollback ······························································································································ 96
Configuration task list ··········································································································································· 96
Configuring configuration archive parameters ·································································································· 97
iv
Enabling automatic configuration archiving······································································································· 98
Manually archiving the running configuration ··································································································· 98
Rolling back configuration···································································································································· 98
Specifying a next-startup configuration file ················································································································· 99
Backing up the main next-startup configuration file to a TFTP server ·····································································100
Restoring the main next-startup configuration file from a TFTP server ····································································100
Deleting a next-startup configuration file ···················································································································101
Displaying and maintaining configuration files ········································································································101
Upgrading software················································································································································ 103
Overview·······································································································································································103
Software types ·····················································································································································103
Software file naming conventions······················································································································103
Comware image redundancy and loading procedure ···················································································104
System startup process········································································································································104
Upgrade methods ························································································································································105
Non-ISSU upgrade procedure summary····················································································································105
Preparing for the upgrade ··········································································································································106
Preloading the Boot ROM image to Boot ROM········································································································106
Specifying the startup image file and completing the upgrade ··············································································107
Displaying and maintaining software image settings ······························································································108
Non-ISSU software upgrade examples······················································································································109
Example of software upgrade through a reboot······························································································109
Managing the device·············································································································································· 111
Device management task list·······································································································································111
Configuring the device name ·····································································································································111
Configuring the system time········································································································································112
Specifying the system time source ·····················································································································112
Setting the system time········································································································································112
Enabling displaying the copyright statement ············································································································113
Configuring banners····················································································································································113
Banner types ························································································································································113
Banner input modes ············································································································································113
Configuration procedure ····································································································································114
Rebooting the device ···················································································································································115
Configuration guidelines ····································································································································115
Rebooting devices immediately at the CLI ········································································································115
Scheduling a device reboot ·······························································································································115
Scheduling a task·························································································································································116
Configuration guidelines ····································································································································116
Configuration procedure ····································································································································116
Schedule configuration example ·······················································································································118
Disabling password recovery capability ···················································································································121
Setting the port status detection timer ························································································································122
Configuring CPU usage monitoring ···························································································································122
Setting memory thresholds ··········································································································································122
Configuring the temperature alarm thresholds··········································································································124
Verifying and diagnosing transceiver modules ········································································································125
Verifying transceiver modules ····························································································································125
Diagnosing transceiver modules························································································································126
Restoring the factory-default settings and states ·······································································································126
Displaying and maintaining device management configuration ············································································127
Using Tcl ·································································································································································· 129
Benefits and restrictions···············································································································································129
v
Entering Tcl configuration view from user view ········································································································129
Returning from Tcl configuration view to user view··································································································129
Using automatic configuration ······························································································································· 130
Understanding automatic configuration ····················································································································130
Overall automatic configuration process··········································································································130
Interface selection process··································································································································132
Automatic-configuration parameter acquisition process ·················································································133
Configuration file acquisition process···············································································································134
Deploying and configuring servers for automatic configuration·············································································135
DHCP server configuration guidelines ··············································································································136
HTTP server configuration guidelines ················································································································137
TFTP server configuration guidelines ·················································································································137
Support and other resources ·································································································································· 138
Contacting HP ······························································································································································138
Subscription service ············································································································································138
Related information······················································································································································138
Documents····························································································································································138
Websites·······························································································································································138
Conventions ··································································································································································139
1
Using the CLI
At the command-line interface (CLI), you can enter text commands to configure, manage, and monitor
the device.
Figure 1 CLI example
You can use different methods to log in to the CLI, including through the console port, Telnet, and SSH.
For more information about login methods, see "Login overview."
CLI views
Commands are grouped in different views by function. To use a command, you must enter its view.
CLI views are hierarchically organized, as shown in Figure 2. Each view has a unique prompt, from which
you can identify where you are and what you can do. For example, the prompt [Sysname-vlan100]
shows that you are in VLAN 100 view and can configure attributes for that VLAN.
Figure 2 CLI views
You are placed in user view immediately after you log in to the CLI. The user view prompt is
<Device-name>, where Device-name indicates the device name. The device name is Sysname by default.
You can change it by using the sysname command.
In user view, you can perform the following tasks:
VLAN view
Interface
view
System
view
User view
User line
view
Local user
view
2
•Perform basic operations including display, debug, file management, FTP, Telnet, clock setting, and
reboot.
•Enter system view. The system view prompt is [Device-name].
In system view, you can perform the following tasks:
•Configure global settings (such as the daylight saving time, banners, and hotkeys) and some
functions.
•Enter different function views. For example, you can perform the following tasks:
{Enter interface view to configure interface parameters.
{Enter VLAN view to add ports to the VLAN.
{Enter user line view to configure login user attributes.
To display all commands available in a view, enter a question mark (?) at the view prompt.
Entering system view from user view
Task Command
Enter system view. system-view
Returning to the upper-level view from any view
Task Command
Return to the upper-level view from any view. quit
Executing the quit command in user view terminates your connection to the device.
In public key view, use the peer-public-key end command to return to system view.
Returning to user view
To return directly to user view from any other view, use the return command or press Ctrl+Z.
Task Command
Return directly to user view. return
Accessing the CLI online help
The CLI online help is context sensitive. Enter a question mark at any prompt or in any position of a
command to display all available options.
To access the CLI online help, use one of the following methods:
•Enter a question mark at a view prompt to display the first keyword of every command available in
the view. For example:
<Sysname> ?
User view commands:
3
archive Archive configuration
backup Backup the startup configuration file to a TFTP server
boot-loader Set boot loader
…
•Enter a space and a question mark after a command keyword to display all available, subsequent
keywords and arguments.
{If the question mark is in the place of a keyword, the CLI displays all possible keywords, each
with a brief description. For example:
<Sysname> terminal ?
debugging Enable to display debugging logs on the current terminal
logging Display logs on the current terminal
monitor Enable to display logs on the current terminal
{If the question mark is in the place of an argument, the CLI displays the description of the
argument. For example:
<Sysname> system-view
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface ?
<1-4094> Vlan-interface interface number
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1 ?
<cr>
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1
<1-4094> is the value range for the argument. <cr> indicates that the command is complete
and you can press Enter to execute the command.
•Enter an incomplete keyword string followed by a question mark to display all keywords starting
with that string. For example:
<Sysname> q?
quit
<Sysname> display ftp?
ftp
ftp-server
ftp-user
Using the undo form of a command
Most configuration commands have an undo form for the following tasks:
•Canceling a configuration.
•Restoring the default.
•Disabling a feature.
For example, the info-center enable command enables the information center. The undo info-center
enable command disables the information center.
Entering a command
When you enter a command, you can perform the following tasks:
•Use keys or hotkeys to edit the command line.
•Use abbreviated keywords or keyword aliases.
4
Editing a command line
To edit a command line, use the keys listed in Table 1 or the hotkeys listed in Table 2. When you are
finished, you can press Enter to execute the command.
A command line can have up to 512 characters, including keywords, arguments, spaces, and special
characters.
Table 1 Command line editing keys
Ke
y
s Function
Common keys
If the edit buffer is not full, pressing a common key inserts a character at the
cursor and moves the cursor to the right. The edit buffer can store up to 511
characters. Unless the buffer is full, all common characters that you enter
before pressing Enter are saved in the edit buffer.
Backspace Deletes the character to the left of the cursor and moves the cursor back one
character.
Left arrow key (←) Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Right arrow key (→) Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Up arrow key (↑) Gets the previous history command.
Down arrow key (↓) Gets the next history command.
Tab
If you press Tab after entering part of a keyword, the system automatically
completes the keyword:
•If a unique match is found, the system displays the complete keyword.
•If there is more than one match, press Tab multiple times to pick the
keyword you want to enter.
•If there is no match, the system does not modify what you entered but
displays it again in the next line.
Entering a text or string type value for an argument
A text type argument value can contain printable characters other than the question mark (?).
A string type argument value can contain any printable characters except for the following characters:
•Question mark (?).
•Quotation mark (").
•Backward slash (\).
•Space.
A specific argument might have more requirements. For more information, see the relevant command
reference.
To enter a printable character, you can enter the character or its ASCII code (in the range of 32 to 126).
Abbreviating commands
You can enter a command line quickly by entering incomplete keywords that uniquely identify the
complete command. In user view, for example, commands starting with an sinclude startup
5
saved-configuration and system-view. To enter the command system-view, you only need to type sy. To
enter the command startup saved-configuration, type st s.
You can also press Tab to complete an incomplete keyword.
Configuring and using command keyword aliases
The command keyword alias function allows you to use your own keywords to replace the following
keywords when you execute a command:
•The first keywords of non-undo commands.
•The second keywords of undo commands.
For example, if you configure the alias show for the display keyword, you can enter either show clock or
display clock to execute the display clock command.
Usage guidelines
•After you successfully execute a command by using a keyword alias, the system saves the keyword,
instead of its alias, to the running configuration.
•If a string you entered for a command partially matches an alias and a keyword, the command
indicated by the alias is executed. To execute the command indicated by the keyword, enter the
complete keyword.
•If a string you entered for a command partially matches multiple aliases, the system displays an
error message.
•If you enter a string that partially matches an alias and a keyword and press Tab, the keyword
indicated by the alias is displayed. Pressing Tab again displays the keyword.
Configuration procedure
To configure a command keyword alias:
Ste
p
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable the command keyword
alias function. command-alias enable By default, the command keyword
alias function is disabled.
3. Configure a command
keyword alias.
command-alias mapping
cmdkey alias
By default, no command keyword
alias is configured.
You must enter the cmdkey and alias
arguments in their complete form.
4. (Optional.) Display command
keyword alias information. display command-alias This command is available in any
view.
Configuring and using command hotkeys
The system defines the hotkeys shown in Table 2 and provides five configurable command hotkeys.
Pressing a command hotkey is the same as entering a command.
If a hotkey is also defined by the terminal software you are using to interact with the device, the terminal
software definition takes effect.
To configure a command hotkey:
6
Ste
p
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Assign a command
to a hotkey.
hotkey { ctrl_g | ctrl_l | ctrl_o |
ctrl_t | ctrl_u } command
By default:
•Ctrl+G is assigned the display
current-configuration command.
•Ctrl+L is assigned the display ip
routing-table command.
•Ctrl+O is assigned the undo debugging all
command.
•No command is assigned to Ctrl+T or
Ctrl+U.
3. (Optional.) Display
hotkeys. display hotkey Available in any view.
Table 2 System-reserved hotkeys
Hotke
y
Function
Ctrl+A Moves the cursor to the beginning of a line.
Ctrl+B Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Ctrl+C Stops the current command.
Ctrl+D Deletes the character at the cursor.
Ctrl+E Moves the cursor to the end of a line.
Ctrl+F Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Ctrl+H Deletes the character to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+K Aborts the connection request.
Ctrl+R Redisplays the current line.
Ctrl+V Pastes text from the clipboard.
Ctrl+W Deletes the word to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+X Deletes all characters to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+Y Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the line.
Ctrl+Z Returns to user view.
Ctrl+] Terminates the current connection.
Esc+B Moves the cursor back one word.
Esc+D Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the word.
Esc+F Moves the cursor forward one word.
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands
Your input might be interrupted by system information output. If redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted
commands is enabled, the system redisplays your input after finishing the output. You can then continue
entering the command line.
7
To enable redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable redisplaying
entered-but-not-submit
ted commands.
info-center synchronous
By default, the system does not redisplay
entered-but-not-submitted commands.
For more information about this command, see
Network Management and Monitoring
Command Reference.
Understanding command-line error messages
After you press Enter to submit a command, the command line interpreter examines the command syntax.
•If the command passes syntax check, the CLI executes the command.
•If the command fails syntax check, the CLI displays an error message.
Table 3 Common command-line error messages
Error messa
g
e Cause
% Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
The keyword in the marked position is invalid.
% Incomplete command found at '^' position. One or more required keywords or arguments are
missing.
% Ambiguous command found at '^' position. The entered character sequence matches more than one
command.
% Too many parameters. The entered character sequence contains excessive
keywords or arguments.
% Wrong parameter found at '^' position. The argument in the marked position is invalid.
Using the command history function
The system automatically saves commands successfully executed by a login user to two command history
buffers:
•Command history buffer for the user line.
•Command history buffer for all user lines.
Table 4 Comparison between the two types of command history buffers
Item Command history buffer for a user line Command history buffer for all
user lines
What kind of
commands are stored
in the buffer?
Commands successfully executed by the
current user of the user line.
Commands successfully executed by
all login users.
Cleared when the user
logs out? Yes. No.
8
Item Command history buffer for a user line Command history buffer for all
user lines
How to view buffered
commands? Use the display history-command command.
Use the display history-command all
command.
How to call buffered
commands?
1. Navigate to the command in the buffer:
{In Windows 200xor Windows XP
HyperTerminal or Telnet, use the up or
down arrow key (↑or ↓).
{In Windows 9xHyperTerminal, use
Ctrl+P and Ctrl+N.
2. Press Enter.
You cannot call buffered commands.
How to set the buffer
size?
Use the history-command max-size
size-value command in user line view to set
the buffer size.
By default, the buffer can store up to 10
commands.
You cannot set the buffer size.
By default, the buffer can store up to
1024 commands.
How to disable the
buffer?
Setting the buffer size to 0 disables the
buffer. You cannot disable the buffer.
The system follows these rules when buffering commands:
•Buffering a command in the exact format in which the command was entered. For example, if you
enter an incomplete command, the buffered command is also incomplete. If you enter a command
with a command keyword alias, the buffered command also uses the alias.
•If you enter a command in the same format multiple times in succession, the system buffers the
command only once. If you enter a command in different formats multiple times, the system buffers
each command format. For example, display cu and display current-configuration are buffered as
two entries but successive repetitions of display cu create only one entry.
•To buffer a new command when a buffer is full, the system deletes the oldest command entry in the
buffer.
Controlling the CLI output
This section describes the CLI output control features that help you identify the desired output.
Pausing between screens of output
The system automatically pauses after displaying a screen if the output is too long to fit on one screen.
You can use the keys described in "Output controlling keys" to display more information or stop the
display.
By default, up to 24 lines can be displayed on a screen. You can change the limit by using the
screen-length screen-length command. For more information about this command, see Fundamentals
Command Reference.
You can also disable pausing between screens of output for the current session. Then, all output is
displayed at one time and the screen is refreshed continuously until the final screen is displayed.
9
Output controlling keys
Ke
y
s Function
Space Displays the next screen.
Enter Displays the next line.
Ctrl+C Stops the display and cancels the command execution.
<PageUp> Displays the previous page.
<PageDown> Displays the next page.
Disabling pausing between screens of output
To disable pausing between screens of output, execute the following command in user view:
Task Command Remarks
Disable pausing
between screens of
output for the current
session.
screen-length disable
The default for a session varies by settings of the
screen-length command in user line view. The default settings
of the screen-length command are pausing between screens
of output and displaying up to 24 lines on a screen.
This command is a one-time command and takes effect only
for the current session.
Numbering each output line from a display command
You can use the | by-linenum option to prefix each display command output line with a number for easy
identification.
Each line number is displayed as a 5-character string and might be followed by a colon (:) or hyphen (-).
If you specify both | by-linenum and | begin regular-expression for a display command, a hyphen is
displayed for all lines that do not match the regular expression.
To number each output line from a display command:
Task Command
Number each output line from a display command. display command |by-linenum
For example:
# Display system time information, numbering each output line.
<Sysname> display clock | by-linenum
1: 06:14:21 UTC Sat 01/01/2011
Filtering the output from a display command
You can use the | { begin | exclude | include } regular-expression option to filter the display command
output:
•begin—Displays the first line matching the specified regular expression and all subsequent lines.
•exclude—Displays all lines not matching the specified regular expression.
10
•include—Displays all lines matching the specified regular expression.
•regular-expression—A case-sensitive string of 1 to 256 characters, which can contain the special
characters described in Table 5.
The amount of time for the filtering operation varies by regular expression. The more complicated the
regular expression is, the longer the operation takes. To stop the operation, press Ctrl+C.
Table 5 Special characters supported in a regular expression
Characters Meanin
g
Exam
p
les
^ Matches the beginning of a line. "^u" matches all lines beginning with "u". A line
beginning with "Au" is not matched.
$ Matches the end of a line. "u$" matches all lines ending with "u". A line
ending with "uA" is not matched.
. (period) Matches any single character. ".s" matches "as" and "bs".
* Matches the preceding character or
string zero, one, or multiple times.
"zo*" matches "z" and "zoo", and "(zo)*"
matches "zo" and "zozo".
+ Matches the preceding character or
string one or multiple times. "zo+" matches "zo" and "zoo", but not "z".
| Matches the preceding or succeeding
string. "def|int" matches a line containing "def" or "int".
( )
Matches the string in the parentheses,
usually used together with the plus
sign (+) or asterisk sign (*).
"(123A)" matches "123A".
"408(12)+" matches "40812" and
"408121212", but not "408".
\N
Matches the preceding strings in
parentheses, with the Nth string
repeated once.
"(string)\1" matches a string containing
"stringstring".
"(string1)(string2)\2" matches a string containing
"string1string2string2".
"(string1)(string2)\1\2" matches a string
containing " string1string2string1string2".
[ ] Matches a single character in the
brackets.
"[16A]" matches a string containing 1, 6, or A;
"[1-36A]" matches a string containing 1, 2, 3, 6,
or A (- is a hyphen).
To match the character "]", put it immediately after
"[", for example, []abc]. There is no such limit on
"[".
[^] Matches a single character that is not
in the brackets.
"[^16A]" matches a string that contains one or
more characters except for 1, 6, or A, such as
"abc". A match can also contain 1, 6, or A (such as
"m16"), but it cannot contain these three
characters only (such as 1, 16, or 16A).
{n}
Matches the preceding character n
times. The number nmust be a
nonnegative integer.
"o{2}" matches "food", but not "Bob".
{n,}
Matches the preceding character n
times or more. The number nmust be a
nonnegative integer.
"o{2,}" matches "foooood", but not "Bob".
11
Characters Meanin
g
Exam
p
les
{n,m}
Matches the preceding character nto
mtimes or more. The numbers nand m
must be nonnegative integers and n
cannot be greater than m.
" o{1,3}" matches "fod", "food", and "foooood",
but not "fd".
\<
Matches a string that starts with the
pattern following \<. A string that
contains the pattern is also a match if
the characters preceding the pattern
are not digits, letters, or underscores.
"\<do" matches "domain" and "doa".
\>
Matches a string that ends with the
pattern preceding \>. A string that
contains the pattern is also a match if
the characters following the pattern
are not digits, letters, or underscores.
"do\>" matches "undo" and "cdo".
\b
Matches a word that starts with the
pattern following \b or ends with the
pattern preceding \b.
"er\b" matches "never", but not "verb" or "erase".
"\ber" matches "erase", but not "verb" or "never".
\B
Matches a word that contains the
pattern but does not start or end with
the pattern.
"er\B" matches "verb", but not "never" or "erase".
\w Same as [A-Za-z0-9_], matches a
digit, letter, or underscore. "v\w" matches "vlan" and "service".
\W
Same as [^A-Za-z0-9_], matches a
character that is not a digit, letter, or
underscore.
"\Wa" matches "-a", but not "2a" or "ba".
\
Escape character. If a special
character listed in this table follows \,
the specific meaning of the character
is removed.
"\\" matches a string containing "\", "\^"
matches a string containing "^", and "\\b"
matches a string containing "\b".
For example:
# Use |begin line for the display current-configuration command to match the first line of output that
contains line to the last line of output.
<Sysname> display current-configuration | begin line
line class aux
user-role network-admin
#
line class vty
user-role network-operator
#
line aux 0
user-role network-admin
#
line vty 0 63
authentication-mode scheme
user-role network-operator
#
12
ssh server enable
#
return
# Use | exclude Direct for the display ip routing-table command to filter out direct routes and display
only the non-direct routes.
<Sysname> display ip routing-table | exclude Direct
Destinations : 12 Routes : 12
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
2.2.2.0/24 RIP 10 2 1.1.2.2 Vlan 2
# Use | include snmp for the display current-configuration command to filter in entries that contain
snmp.
<Sysname> display current-configuration | include snmp
snmp-agent
snmp-agent community write private
snmp-agent community read public
snmp-agent sys-info version all
snmp-agent target-host trap address udp-domain 192.168.1.26 params securityname public
Saving the output from a display command to a file
A display command shows certain configuration and operation information of the device. Its output
might vary over time or with user configuration or operation. You can save the output to a file for future
retrieval or troubleshooting.
Use one of the following methods to save the output from a display command:
•Save the output to a separate file. Use this method if you want to use one file for a single display
command.
•Append the output to the end of a file. Use this method if you want to use one file for multiple
display commands.
To save the output from a display command to a file, use one of the following commands in any view:
Task Command
Save the output from a display command to a separate file. display command > filename
Append the output from a display command to the end of a file. display command >> filename
For example:
# Save system time information to a separate file named clock.txt.
<Sysname> display clock > clock.txt
# Verify whether the system time information is saved to file clock.txt.
<Sysname> more clock.txt
06:03:58 UTC Sat 01/01/2014
# Append system time information to the end of file clock.txt.
<Sysname> display clock >> clock.txt
13
# Verify whether the system time information is appended to the end of file clock.txt.
<Sysname> more clock.txt
06:03:58 UTC Sat 01/01/2014
06:04:58 UTC Sat 01/01/2014
Viewing and managing the output from a display command
effectively
You can use the following measures in combination to filter and manage the output from a display
command:
•Numbering each output line from a display command
•Filtering the output from a display command
•Saving the output from a display command to a file
To use multiple measures to view and manage the output from a display command effectively, execute the
following command in any view:
Task Command
View and manage the output from a
display command effectively.
display command [ | [ by-linenum ] { begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ] [ >filename | >> filename ]
For example:
# Save the running configuration to a separate file named test.txt, with each line numbered.
<Sysname> display current-configuration | by-linenum > test.txt
# Append lines including snmp in the running configuration to the file test.txt.
<Sysname> display current-configuration | include snmp >> test.txt
# Display the first line that begins with user-group in the running configuration and all the following lines.
<Sysname> display current-configuration | by-linenum begin user-group
114: user-group system
115- #
116- return
Saving the running configuration
To make your configuration take effect after a reboot, save the running configuration to a configuration
file by using the save command in any view. This command saves all commands that have been
successfully executed, except for the one-time commands. Typical one-time commands include display
commands used for displaying information and reset commands used for clearing information.
For more information about the save command, see Fundamentals Command Reference.
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