HP FlexFabric 12900E series User manual

HPE FlexFabric 12900E Switch Series
Layer 3—IP Routing Configuration Guide
P
art number: 5200-1237a
Software
version: Release 2606 and later
Document version: 6W101-20161201

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Contents
Configuring basic IP routing···········································································1
Routing table······················································································································································1
Dynamic routing protocols··································································································································2
Route preference ···············································································································································2
Load sharing ······················································································································································3
Route backup·····················································································································································3
Route recursion··················································································································································3
Route redistribution············································································································································3
Extension attribute redistribution························································································································3
Setting the maximum lifetime for routes and labels in the RIB···········································································4
Setting the maximum lifetime for routes in the FIB ····························································································4
Configuring RIB NSR·········································································································································5
Configuring IPv4 RIB NSR·························································································································5
Configuring IPv6 RIB NSR·························································································································5
Configuring inter-protocol FRR ··························································································································6
Configuring IPv4 RIB inter-protocol FRR···································································································6
Configuring IPv6 RIB inter-protocol FRR···································································································6
Enabling the IPv4 enhanced ECMP mode·········································································································7
Displaying and maintaining a routing table ········································································································7
Configuring static routing···············································································9
Configuring a static route···································································································································9
Configuring BFD for static routes·····················································································································10
Bidirectional control mode························································································································10
Single-hop echo mode·····························································································································11
Configuring static route FRR····························································································································12
Configuration guidelines···························································································································12
Configuring static route FRR by specifying a backup next hop································································12
Configuring static route FRR to automatically select a backup next hop·················································13
Enabling BFD echo packet mode for static route FRR ············································································13
Displaying and maintaining static routes··········································································································13
Static route configuration examples·················································································································14
Basic static route configuration example··································································································14
BFD for static routes configuration example (direct next hop)·································································15
BFD for static routes configuration example (indirect next hop) ······························································18
Static route FRR configuration example ··································································································20
Configuring a default route···········································································23
Configuring RIP···························································································24
Overview··························································································································································24
RIP route entries······································································································································24
Routing loop prevention···························································································································24
RIP operation···········································································································································24
RIP versions·············································································································································25
Protocols and standards ··························································································································25
RIP configuration task list·································································································································25
Configuring basic RIP ······································································································································26
Enabling RIP············································································································································26
Controlling RIP reception and advertisement on interfaces·····································································27
Configuring a RIP version························································································································27
Configuring RIP route control···························································································································28
Configuring an additional routing metric···································································································28
Configuring RIPv2 route summarization ··································································································29
Disabling host route reception··················································································································30
Advertising a default route ·······················································································································30
Configuring received/redistributed route filtering······················································································30

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Setting a preference for RIP·····················································································································31
Configuring RIP route redistribution·········································································································31
Tuning and optimizing RIP networks ···············································································································32
Configuration prerequisites······················································································································32
Setting RIP timers····································································································································32
Enabling split horizon and poison reverse ·······························································································33
Setting the maximum number of RIP ECMP routes·················································································33
Enabling zero field check on incoming RIPv1 messages·········································································34
Enabling source IP address check on incoming RIP updates··································································34
Configuring RIPv2 message authentication·····························································································34
Setting the RIP triggered update interval·································································································35
Specifying a RIP neighbor························································································································35
Configuring RIP network management····································································································36
Configuring the RIP packet sending rate ·································································································36
Setting the maximum length of RIP packets····························································································37
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing RIP packets···················································································37
Configuring RIP GR ·········································································································································37
Enabling RIP NSR············································································································································38
Configuring BFD for RIP ··································································································································38
Configuring single-hop echo detection (for a directly connected RIP neighbor)······································39
Configuring single-hop echo detection (for a specific destination)···························································39
Configuring bidirectional control detection·······························································································40
Configuring RIP FRR ·······································································································································40
Configuration restrictions and guidelines·································································································40
Configuration prerequisites······················································································································41
Configuring RIP FRR ·······························································································································41
Enabling BFD for RIP FRR ······················································································································41
Displaying and maintaining RIP·······················································································································41
RIP configuration examples·····························································································································42
Configuring basic RIP ······························································································································42
Configuring RIP route redistribution·········································································································45
Configuring an additional metric for a RIP interface·················································································47
Configuring RIP to advertise a summary route························································································48
Configuring RIP GR ·································································································································51
Configuring RIP NSR·······························································································································52
Configuring BFD for RIP (single-hop echo detection for a directly connected neighbor)·························53
Configuring BFD for RIP (single hop echo detection for a specific destination)·······································56
Configuring BFD for RIP (bidirectional detection in BFD control packet mode)·······································58
Configuring RIP FRR ·······························································································································61
Configuring OSPF························································································64
Overview··························································································································································64
OSPF packets··········································································································································64
LSA types·················································································································································64
OSPF areas ·············································································································································65
Router types·············································································································································67
Route types··············································································································································68
Route calculation······································································································································68
OSPF network types································································································································69
DR and BDR ············································································································································69
Protocols and standards ··························································································································70
OSPF configuration task list·····························································································································70
Enabling OSPF ················································································································································72
Configuration prerequisites······················································································································72
Configuration guidelines···························································································································73
Enabling OSPF on a network···················································································································73
Enabling OSPF on an interface················································································································74
Configuring OSPF areas··································································································································74
Configuring a stub area····························································································································74
Configuring an NSSA area·······················································································································75
Configuring a virtual link···························································································································75
Configuring OSPF network types·····················································································································76

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Configuration prerequisites······················································································································76
Configuring the broadcast network type for an interface··········································································76
Configuring the NBMA network type for an interface···············································································76
Configuring the P2MP network type for an interface················································································77
Configuring the P2P network type for an interface···················································································78
Configuring OSPF route control·······················································································································78
Configuration prerequisites······················································································································78
Configuring OSPF route summarization ··································································································78
Configuring received OSPF route filtering································································································79
Configuring Type-3 LSA filtering··············································································································80
Setting an OSPF cost for an interface······································································································80
Setting the maximum number of ECMP routes························································································81
Setting OSPF preference·························································································································81
Configuring discard routes for summary networks···················································································81
Configuring OSPF route redistribution·····································································································82
Advertising a host route ···························································································································83
Excluding interfaces in an OSPF area from the base topology································································83
Tuning and optimizing OSPF networks············································································································84
Configuration prerequisites······················································································································84
Setting OSPF timers ································································································································84
Setting LSA transmission delay ···············································································································85
Setting SPF calculation interval ···············································································································85
Setting the LSA arrival interval·················································································································86
Setting the LSA generation interval··········································································································86
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPF packets ·····························································87
Configuring stub routers···························································································································87
Configuring OSPF authentication·············································································································88
Adding the interface MTU into DD packets······························································································89
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing OSPF packets···············································································89
Setting the maximum number of external LSAs in LSDB·········································································89
Setting OSPF exit overflow interval··········································································································89
Enabling compatibility with RFC 1583······································································································90
Logging neighbor state changes··············································································································90
Configuring OSPF network management ································································································91
Setting the LSU transmit rate···················································································································91
Setting the maximum length of OSPF packets that can be sent by an interface·····································92
Enabling OSPF ISPF ·······························································································································92
Configuring prefix suppression·················································································································92
Configuring prefix prioritization·················································································································93
Configuring OSPF PIC·····························································································································94
Setting the number of OSPF logs ············································································································95
Filtering outbound LSAs on an interface··································································································95
Filtering LSAs for the specified neighbor ·································································································95
Configuring GTSM for OSPF ···················································································································96
Configuring OSPF GR······································································································································97
Configuring OSPF GR restarter···············································································································97
Configuring OSPF GR helper···················································································································98
Triggering OSPF GR································································································································98
Configuring OSPF NSR ···································································································································99
Configuring BFD for OSPF·······························································································································99
Configuring bidirectional control detection·······························································································99
Configuring single-hop echo detection···································································································100
Configuring OSPF FRR··································································································································100
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································100
Configuration guidelines·························································································································101
Configuration procedure·························································································································101
Advertising OSPF link state information to BGP····························································································102
Displaying and maintaining OSPF ·················································································································102
OSPF configuration examples ·······················································································································104
Basic OSPF configuration example ·······································································································104
OSPF route redistribution configuration example ··················································································106
OSPF route summarization configuration example················································································108

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OSPF stub area configuration example·································································································111
OSPF NSSA area configuration example······························································································113
OSPF DR election configuration example······························································································115
OSPF virtual link configuration example································································································119
OSPF GR configuration example···········································································································121
OSPF NSR configuration example·········································································································124
BFD for OSPF configuration example····································································································126
OSPF FRR configuration example·········································································································129
Troubleshooting OSPF configuration·············································································································131
No OSPF neighbor relationship established··························································································131
Incorrect routing information ··················································································································132
Configuring IS-IS ·······················································································133
Overview························································································································································133
Terminology ···········································································································································133
IS-IS address format······························································································································133
NET························································································································································134
IS-IS area···············································································································································135
IS-IS network types································································································································136
IS-IS PDUs·············································································································································137
Protocols and standards ························································································································139
IS-IS configuration task list·····························································································································139
Configuring basic IS-IS ··································································································································140
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································140
Enabling IS-IS········································································································································141
Setting the IS level and circuit level ·······································································································141
Configuring P2P network type for an interface·······················································································141
Configuring IS-IS route control·······················································································································142
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································142
Configuring IS-IS link cost······················································································································142
Specifying a preference for IS-IS···········································································································143
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes···············································································144
Configuring IS-IS route summarization··································································································144
Advertising a default route ·····················································································································145
Configuring IS-IS route redistribution·····································································································145
Configuring IS-IS route filtering··············································································································145
Configuring IS-IS route leaking··············································································································146
Tuning and optimizing IS-IS networks ···········································································································147
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································147
Specifying the interval for sending IS-IS hello packets··········································································147
Specifying the IS-IS hello multiplier········································································································147
Specifying the interval for sending IS-IS CSNP packets········································································148
Configuring a DIS priority for an interface······························································································148
Disabling an interface from sending/receiving IS-IS packets·································································148
Enabling an interface to send small hello packets·················································································149
Configuring LSP parameters··················································································································149
Controlling SPF calculation interval ·······································································································151
Configuring convergence priorities for specific routes ···········································································152
Setting the LSDB overload bit················································································································152
Configuring the ATT bit··························································································································153
Configuring the tag value for an interface······························································································153
Configuring system ID to host name mappings ·····················································································154
Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes····················································································155
Enabling IS-IS ISPF·······························································································································155
Enabling prefix suppression···················································································································155
Configuring IS-IS network management································································································156
Configuring IS-IS PIC·····························································································································157
Enhancing IS-IS network security··················································································································158
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································158
Configuring neighbor relationship authentication···················································································158
Configuring area authentication·············································································································158
Configuring routing domain authentication·····························································································159

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Configuring IS-IS GR ·····································································································································159
Configuring IS-IS NSR···································································································································160
Configuring BFD for IS-IS ······························································································································161
Configuring IS-IS FRR ···································································································································161
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································162
Configuration guidelines·························································································································162
Configuration procedure·························································································································162
Displaying and maintaining IS-IS···················································································································163
IS-IS configuration examples·························································································································165
Basic IS-IS configuration example·········································································································165
DIS election configuration example········································································································169
IS-IS route redistribution configuration example····················································································173
IS-IS authentication configuration example····························································································177
IS-IS GR configuration example·············································································································180
IS-IS NSR configuration example ··········································································································181
BFD for IS-IS configuration example······································································································184
IS-IS FRR configuration example···········································································································187
Configuring BGP························································································191
Overview························································································································································191
BGP speaker and BGP peer··················································································································191
BGP message types ······························································································································191
BGP path attributes································································································································191
BGP route selection·······························································································································195
BGP route advertisement rules··············································································································195
BGP load balancing ·······························································································································196
Settlements for problems in large-scale BGP networks·········································································197
MP-BGP·················································································································································200
BGP multi-instance ································································································································201
BGP configuration views························································································································201
Protocols and standards ························································································································203
BGP configuration task list·····························································································································203
Configuring basic BGP···································································································································206
Enabling BGP·········································································································································206
Configuring a BGP peer·························································································································207
Configuring dynamic BGP peers············································································································209
Configuring a BGP peer group···············································································································211
Specifying the source address of TCP connections···············································································220
Generating BGP routes··································································································································221
Injecting a local network·························································································································221
Redistributing IGP routes·······················································································································223
Controlling route distribution and reception ···································································································224
Configuring BGP route summarization···································································································224
Advertising optimal routes in the IP routing table···················································································227
Advertising a default route to a peer or peer group················································································228
Limiting routes received from a peer or peer group···············································································230
Configuring BGP route filtering policies ·································································································231
Configuring BGP route update delay ·····································································································237
Configuring BGP route dampening········································································································238
Controlling BGP path selection······················································································································239
Setting a preferred value for routes received·························································································239
Configuring preferences for BGP routes································································································241
Configuring the default local preference ································································································242
Configuring the MED attribute················································································································244
Configuring the NEXT_HOP attribute ····································································································248
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ·······································································································250
Ignoring IGP metrics during optimal route selection ··············································································255
Configuring the SoO attribute·················································································································256
Tuning and optimizing BGP networks············································································································258
Configuring the keepalive interval and hold time ···················································································258
Configuring the interval for sending updates for the same route ···························································259
Enabling BGP to establish an EBGP session over multiple hops··························································260

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Enabling immediate re-establishment of direct EBGP connections upon link failure·····························261
Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression·······························································································262
Enabling MD5 authentication for BGP peers ·························································································263
Enabling keychain authentication for BGP peers···················································································264
Configuring BGP load balancing············································································································265
Disabling BGP to establish a session to a peer or peer group·······························································266
Configuring GTSM for BGP····················································································································267
Configuring BGP soft-reset····················································································································268
Protecting an EBGP peer when memory usage reaches level 2 threshold ···········································274
Configuring an update delay for local MPLS labels ···············································································275
Flushing the suboptimal BGP route to the RIB ······················································································276
Setting a DSCP value for outgoing BGP packets ··················································································276
Enabling per-prefix label allocation········································································································277
Disabling optimal route selection for labeled routes without tunnel information·····································277
Configuring a large-scale BGP network·········································································································278
Configuring BGP community··················································································································278
Configuring BGP route reflection ···········································································································280
Configuring a BGP confederation ··········································································································282
Configuring BGP GR······································································································································283
Configuring BGP NSR····································································································································284
Enabling SNMP notifications for BGP············································································································285
Enabling logging for session state changes···································································································285
Enabling logging for BGP route flapping········································································································286
Configuring BFD for BGP·······························································································································288
Configuring BGP FRR····································································································································289
Configuring 6PE·············································································································································292
Configuring basic 6PE····························································································································292
Configuring optional 6PE capabilities·····································································································293
Configuring BGP LS·······································································································································295
Configuring basic BGP LS ·····················································································································295
Configuring BGP LS route reflection······································································································295
Specifying an AS number and a router ID for BGP LS messages·························································296
Displaying and maintaining BGP····················································································································296
Displaying BGP······································································································································296
Resetting BGP sessions ························································································································299
Clearing BGP information ······················································································································299
IPv4 BGP configuration examples ·················································································································300
Basic BGP configuration example··········································································································300
BGP and IGP route redistribution configuration example ······································································304
BGP route summarization configuration example··················································································307
BGP load balancing configuration example···························································································310
BGP community configuration example·································································································313
BGP route reflector configuration example····························································································316
BGP confederation configuration example·····························································································318
BGP path selection configuration example····························································································322
BGP GR configuration example·············································································································325
BFD for BGP configuration example······································································································326
BGP FRR configuration example···········································································································330
Multicast BGP configuration example····································································································334
Dynamic BGP peer configuration example····························································································337
BGP LS configuration example··············································································································339
IPv6 BGP configuration examples ·················································································································341
IPv6 BGP basic configuration example··································································································341
IPv6 BGP route reflector configuration example····················································································344
6PE configuration example····················································································································347
BFD for IPv6 BGP configuration example······························································································350
IPv6 BGP FRR configuration example···································································································353
Troubleshooting BGP·····································································································································357
Symptom················································································································································357
Analysis··················································································································································357
Solution··················································································································································357

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Configuring PBR························································································358
Overview························································································································································358
Policy······················································································································································358
PBR and Track·······································································································································359
PBR configuration task list·····························································································································359
Configuring a policy········································································································································360
Creating a node······································································································································360
Setting match criteria for a node············································································································360
Configuring actions for a node···············································································································361
Specifying a policy for PBR····························································································································361
Specifying a policy for local PBR ···········································································································361
Specifying a policy for interface PBR·····································································································362
Specifying a policy for outbound PBR on a VXLAN tunnel interface ·····················································362
Displaying and maintaining PBR····················································································································363
PBR configuration examples··························································································································363
Packet type-based local PBR configuration example ············································································363
Packet type-based interface PBR configuration example······································································365
Configuring IPv6 static routing···································································367
Configuring an IPv6 static route·····················································································································367
Configuring BFD for IPv6 static routes···········································································································367
Bidirectional control mode······················································································································368
Single-hop echo mode···························································································································368
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 static routes································································································369
IPv6 static routing configuration examples ····································································································369
Basic IPv6 static route configuration example ·······················································································369
BFD for IPv6 static routes configuration example (direct next hop)·······················································371
BFD for IPv6 static routes configuration example (indirect next hop)····················································374
Configuring an IPv6 default route·······························································377
Configuring RIPng ·····················································································378
Overview························································································································································378
RIPng route entries································································································································378
RIPng packets········································································································································378
Protocols and standards ························································································································379
RIPng configuration task list···························································································································379
Configuring basic RIPng ································································································································379
Configuring RIPng route control·····················································································································380
Configuring an additional routing metric·································································································380
Configuring RIPng route summarization································································································380
Advertising a default route ·····················································································································381
Configuring received/redistributed route filtering····················································································381
Setting a preference for RIPng···············································································································381
Configuring RIPng route redistribution···································································································382
Tuning and optimizing the RIPng network ·····································································································382
Setting RIPng timers······························································································································382
Configuring split horizon and poison reverse·························································································383
Configuring zero field check on RIPng packets ·····················································································383
Setting the maximum number of ECMP routes······················································································384
Configuring the RIPng packet sending rate ···························································································384
Setting the interval for sending triggered updates··················································································385
Configuring RIPng GR ···································································································································385
Configuring RIPng NSR·································································································································386
Configuring RIPng FRR ·································································································································386
Configuration restrictions and guidelines·······························································································387
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································387
Configuring RIPng FRR ·························································································································387
Enabling BFD for RIPng FRR ················································································································387
Displaying and maintaining RIPng·················································································································388
RIPng configuration examples·······················································································································388

viii
Basic RIPng configuration example·······································································································388
RIPng route redistribution configuration example··················································································391
RIPng GR configuration example···········································································································393
RIPng NSR configuration example ········································································································394
Configuring RIPng FRR ·························································································································396
Configuring OSPFv3··················································································399
Overview························································································································································399
OSPFv3 packets····································································································································399
OSPFv3 LSA types································································································································399
Protocols and standards ························································································································400
OSPFv3 configuration task list·······················································································································400
Enabling OSPFv3···········································································································································401
Configuring OSPFv3 area parameters···········································································································402
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································402
Configuring a stub area··························································································································402
Configuring an NSSA area·····················································································································402
Configuring an OSPFv3 virtual link········································································································403
Configuring OSPFv3 network types···············································································································403
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································404
Configuring the OSPFv3 network type for an interface··········································································404
Configuring an NBMA or P2MP neighbor ······························································································404
Configuring OSPFv3 route control·················································································································405
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································405
Configuring OSPFv3 route summarization·····························································································405
Configuring OSPFv3 received route filtering··························································································406
Configuring Inter-Area-Prefix LSA filtering·····························································································406
Setting an OSPFv3 cost for an interface································································································406
Setting the maximum number of OSPFv3 ECMP routes·······································································407
Setting a preference for OSPFv3···········································································································407
Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution ·······························································································408
Tuning and optimizing OSPFv3 networks······································································································409
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································409
Setting OSPFv3 timers···························································································································409
Setting LSA transmission delay ·············································································································410
Setting SPF calculation interval ·············································································································410
Setting the LSA generation interval········································································································410
Setting a DR priority for an interface······································································································411
Ignoring MTU check for DD packets······································································································411
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPFv3 packets························································411
Enabling logging for neighbor state changes·························································································412
Configuring OSPFv3 network management···························································································412
Setting the LSU transmit rate·················································································································413
Configuring stub routers·························································································································413
Configuring prefix suppression···············································································································414
Setting the maximum number of OSPFv3 logs······················································································415
Configuring OSPFv3 authentication·······································································································415
Configuring OSPFv3 GR································································································································416
Configuring GR restarter························································································································416
Configuring GR helper ···························································································································417
Triggering OSPFv3 GR··························································································································417
Configuring OSPFv3 NSR······························································································································417
Configuring BFD for OSPFv3·························································································································418
Configuring OSPFv3 FRR······························································································································418
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································419
Configuration guidelines·························································································································419
Configuration procedure·························································································································419
Displaying and maintaining OSPFv3··············································································································421
OSPFv3 configuration examples····················································································································422
OSPFv3 stub area configuration example ·····························································································422
OSPFv3 NSSA area configuration example ··························································································426
OSPFv3 DR election configuration example··························································································428

ix
OSPFv3 route redistribution configuration example···············································································431
OSPFv3 route summarization configuration example············································································434
OSPFv3 GR configuration example·······································································································438
OSPFv3 NSR configuration example·····································································································439
BFD for OSPFv3 configuration example································································································440
OSPFv3 FRR configuration example·····································································································443
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS···············································································446
Overview························································································································································446
Configuring basic IPv6 IS-IS··························································································································446
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS route control ··············································································································447
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS link cost··············································································································448
Tuning and optimizing IPv6 IS-IS networks ···································································································449
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································449
Assigning a convergence priority to IPv6 IS-IS routes···········································································449
Setting the LSDB overload bit················································································································450
Configuring a tag value on an interface ·································································································450
Controlling SPF calculation interval ·······································································································450
Enabling IPv6 IS-IS ISPF·······················································································································451
Enabling prefix suppression···················································································································451
Configuring BFD for IPv6 IS-IS······················································································································451
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS FRR···························································································································452
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································452
Configuration procedure·························································································································453
Enabling IPv6 IS-IS MTR·······························································································································454
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 IS-IS···········································································································455
IPv6 IS-IS configuration examples·················································································································455
IPv6 IS-IS basic configuration example ·································································································455
BFD for IPv6 IS-IS configuration example ·····························································································460
IPv6 IS-IS FRR configuration example ··································································································462
Configuring IPv6 PBR················································································466
Overview························································································································································466
Policy······················································································································································466
PBR and Track·······································································································································467
IPv6 PBR configuration task list·····················································································································467
Configuring an IPv6 policy ·····························································································································467
Creating an IPv6 node ···························································································································467
Setting match criteria for an IPv6 node··································································································468
Configuring actions for an IPv6 node·····································································································468
Configuring IPv6 PBR····································································································································469
Configuring IPv6 local PBR····················································································································469
Configuring IPv6 interface PBR ·············································································································469
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 PBR············································································································470
IPv6 PBR configuration examples··················································································································470
Packet type-based IPv6 local PBR configuration example····································································470
Packet type-based IPv6 interface PBR configuration example······························································472
Configuring routing policies········································································475
Overview························································································································································475
Filters ·····················································································································································475
Routing policy·········································································································································475
Configuring filters···········································································································································476
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································476
Configuring an IP prefix list····················································································································476
Configuring an AS path list·····················································································································477
Configuring a community list··················································································································477
Configuring an extended community list································································································477
Configuring a routing policy····························································································································478
Configuration prerequisites····················································································································478
Creating a routing policy ························································································································478
Configuring if-match clauses··················································································································478

x
Configuring apply clauses······················································································································480
Configuring the continue clause·············································································································481
Displaying and maintaining the routing policy································································································482
Routing policy configuration examples ··········································································································482
Routing policy configuration example for IPv4 route redistribution························································482
Routing policy configuration example for IPv6 route redistribution························································485
Document conventions and icons······························································488
Conventions···················································································································································488
Network topology icons··································································································································489
Support and other resources ·····································································490
Accessing Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support·····························································································490
Accessing updates·········································································································································490
Websites ················································································································································490
Customer self repair·······························································································································491
Remote support······································································································································491
Documentation feedback ·······················································································································491
Index··········································································································492

1
Configuring basic IP routing
IP routing directs IP packet forwarding on routers based on a routing table. This chapter focuses on
unicast routing protocols. For more information about multicast routing protocols, see IP Multicast
Configuration Guide.
Routing table
A RIB contains the global routing information and related information, including route recursion, route
redistribution, and route extension information. The router selects optimal routes from the routing
table and puts them into the FIB table. It uses the FIB table to forward packets. For more information
about the FIB table, see Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide.
Table 1 categorizes routes by different criteria.
Table 1 Route categories
Criterion
Categories
Destination
•Network route—
The destination is a network. The subnet mask is less than 32
bits.
•Host route—The destination is a host. The subnet mask is 32 bits.
Whether the
destination is directly
connected
•Direct route—The destination is directly connected.
•Indirect route—The destination is indirectly connected.
Origin
•Direct route—A direct route is discovered by the data link protocol on an
interface, and is also called an interface route.
•Static route—A static route is manually configured by an administrator.
•Dynamic route—A dynamic route is dynamically discovered by a routing
protocol.
To view brief information about a routing table, use the display ip routing-table command.
<Sysname> display ip routing-table
Destinations : 9 Routes : 9
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
3.3.3.3/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
...
A route entry includes the following key items:
•
Destination—IP address of the destination host or network.
•
Mask—Mask length of the IP address.
•
Proto—Protocol that installed the route.
•
Pre—Preference of the route. Among routes to the same destination, the route with the highest
preference is optimal.

2
•
Cost—If multiple routes to a destination have the same preference, the one with the smallest
cost is the optimal route.
•
NextHop—Next hop.
•
Interface—Output interface.
Dynamic routing protocols
Static routes work well in small, stable networks. They are easy to configure and require fewer
system resources. However, in networks where topology changes occur frequently, a typical practice
is to configure a dynamic routing protocol. Compared with static routing, a dynamic routing protocol
is complicated to configure, requires more router resources, and consumes more network resources.
Dynamic routing protocols dynamically collect and report reachability information to adapt to
topology changes. They are suitable for large networks.
Dynamic routing protocols can be classified by different criteria, as shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Categories of dynamic routing protocols
Criterion
Categories
Operation scope •IGPs—Work within an AS. Examples include RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS.
•EGPs—Work betweenASs. The most popular EGP is BGP.
Routing algorithm
•Distance-vector protocols—Examples include
RIP and BGP. BGP is also
considered a path-vector protocol.
•Link-state protocols—Examples include OSPF and IS-IS.
Destination address
type
•Unicast routing protocols—Examples include RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
•Multicast routing protocols—Examples include PIM-SM and PIM-DM.
IP version
•IPv4 routing protocols—Examples include RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
•IPv6 routing protocols—Examples include RIPng, OSPFv3, IPv6 BGP, and
IPv6 IS-IS.
An AS refers to a group of routers that use the same routing policy and work under the same
administration.
Route preference
Routing protocols, including static and direct routing, each by default have a preference. If they find
multiple routes to the same destination, the router selects the route with the highest preference as
the optimal route.
The preference of a direct route is always 0 and cannot be changed. You can configure a preference
for each static route and each dynamic routing protocol. The following table lists the route types and
default preferences. The smaller the value, the higher the preference.
Table 3 Route types and default route preferences
Route type
Preference
Direct route 0
Multicast static route 1
OSPF 10
IS-IS 15
Unicast static route 60

3
Route type
Preference
RIP 100
OSPF ASE 150
OSPF NSSA 150
IBGP 255
EBGP 255
Unknown (route from an untrusted source) 256
Load sharing
Arouting protocol might find multiple optimal equal-cost routes to the same destination. You can use
these routes to implement equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) load sharing.
Static routing, IPv6 static routing, RIP, RIPng, OSPF, OSPFv3, BGP, IPv6 BGP, IS-IS, and IPv6 IS-IS
support ECMP load sharing.
Route backup
Route backup can improve network availability. Among multiple routes to the same destination, the
route with the highest priority is the primary route and others are secondary routes.
The router forwards matching packets through the primary route. When the primary route fails, the
route with the highest preference among the secondary routes is selected to forward packets. When
the primary route recovers, the router uses it to forward packets.
Route recursion
To use a BGP, static, or RIP route that has an indirectly connected next hop, a router must perform
route recursion to find the output interface to reach the next hop.
Link-state routing protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS, do not need route recursion, because they
obtain directly connected next hops through route calculation.
The RIB records and saves route recursion information, including brief information about related
routes, recursive paths, and recursion depth.
Route redistribution
Route redistribution enables routing protocols to learn routing information from each other. A
dynamic routing protocol can redistribute routes from other routing protocols, including direct and
static routing. For more information, see the respective chapters on those routing protocols in this
configuration guide.
The RIB records redistribution relationships of routing protocols.
Extension attribute redistribution
Extension attribute redistribution enables routing protocols to learn route extension attributes from
each other, including BGP extended community attributes, OSPF area IDs, route types, and router
IDs.

4
The RIB records extended attributes of each routing protocol and redistribution relationships of
different routing protocol extended attributes.
Setting the maximum lifetime for routes and labels
in the RIB
Perform this task to prevent routes of a certain protocol from being aged out due to slow protocol
convergence resulting from a large number of route entries or long GR period.
The configuration takes effect at the next protocol or RIB process switchover.
To set the maximum lifetime for routes and labels in the RIB (IPv4):
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view.
rib
N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv4 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv4 B
y default, no RIB IPv4
address family exists.
4. Set the maximum lifetime for
IPv4 routes and labels in the
RIB. protocol protocol [ instance
instance-name ] lifetime seconds
B
y default, the maximum
lifetime for routes and labels
in the RIB is 480 seconds.
To set the maximum route lifetime for routes and labels in the RIB (IPv6):
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv6 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv6 B
y default, no RIB IPv6
address family exists.
4. Set the maximum lifetime for
IPv6 routes and labels in the
RIB. protocol protocol [ instance
instance-name ] lifetime seconds
B
y default, the maximum
lifetime for routes and labels
in the RIB is 480 seconds.
Setting the maximum lifetime for routes in the FIB
When GR or NSR is disabled, FIB entries must be retained for some time after a protocol process
switchover or RIB process switchover. When GR or NSR is enabled, FIB entries must be removed
immediately after a protocol or RIB process switchover to avoid routing issues. Perform this task to
meet such requirements.
To set the maximum lifetime for routes in the FIB (IPv4):
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv4 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv4 B
y default, no RIB IPv4
address family exists.

5
Step
Command
Remarks
4. Set the maximum lifetime for
IPv4 routes in the FIB. fib lifetime seconds B
y default, the maximum
lifetime for routes in the FIB
is 600 seconds.
To set the maximum lifetime for routes in the FIB (IPv6):
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv6 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv6 B
y default, no RIB IPv6
address family exists.
4. Set the maximum lifetime for
IPv6 routes in the FIB. fib lifetime seconds B
y default, the maximum
lifetime for routes in the FIB
is 600 seconds.
Configuring RIB NSR
IMPORTANT:
Use this feature with protocol GR or NSR to avoid route timeouts and traffic interruption.
When an active/standby switchover occurs, nonstop routing (NSR) backs up routing information
from the active process to the standby process to avoid routing flapping and ensure forwarding
continuity.
RIB NSR provides faster route convergence than protocol NSR during an active/standby switchover.
Configuring IPv4 RIB NSR
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv4 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv4
By default, no RIB IPv4
address family exists.
4. Enable IPv4 RIB NSR. non-stop-routing
By default, RIB NSR is
disabled.
Configuring IPv6 RIB NSR
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv6 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv6 By default, no
RIB IPv6
address family exists.

6
Step
Command
Remarks
4. Enable IPv6 RIB NSR. non-stop-routing
By default, RIB NSR is
disabled.
Configuring inter-protocol FRR
CAUTION:
This feature
uses the next hop of a route from a different protocol as the backup next hop for the
faulty route, which might cause loops.
Inter-protocol fast reroute (FRR) enables fast rerouting between routes of different protocols. A
backup next hop is automatically selected to reduce the service interruption time caused by
unreachable next hops. When the next hop of the primary link fails, the traffic is redirected to the
backup next hop.
Among the routes to the same destination in the RIB, a router adds the route with the highest
preference to the FIB table. For example, if a static route and an OSPF route in the RIB have the
same destination, the router adds the OSPF route to the FIB table by default. The next hop of the
static route is selected as the backup next hop for the OSPF route. When the next hop of the OSPF
route is unreachable, the backup next hop is used.
Configuring IPv4 RIB inter-protocol FRR
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv4 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv4
By default, no RIB IPv4
address family exists.
4.
Enable IPv4 RIB
inter-protocol FRR. inter-protocol fast-reroute
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
By default, inter-protocol
FRR is disabled.
If you do not specify a VPN
instance, inter-
protocol FRR
is enabled for the public
network.
Configuring IPv6 RIB inter-protocol FRR
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv6 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv6
By default, no RIB IPv6
address family exists.
4.
Enable IPv6 RIB
inter-protocol FRR. inter-protocol fast-reroute
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
By default, inter-protocol
FRR is disabled.
If you do not specify a VPN
instance, inter-
protocol FRR
is enabled for the public
network.

7
Enabling the IPv4 enhanced ECMP mode
When one or multiple ECMP routes fail, the default ECMP mode enables the device to reallocate all
traffic to the remaining routes.
The IPv4 enhanced ECMP mode enables the device to reallocate only the traffic of the failed routes
to the remaining routes, which ensures forwarding continuity.
This configuration takes effect at reboot. Make sure the reboot does not impact your network.
To enable the IPv4 enhanced ECMP mode:
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2.
Enable the IPv4 enhanced
ECMP mode. ecmp mode enhanced
By default, the IPv4
enhanced ECMP mode is
disabled.
Displaying and maintaining a routing table
Execute display commands in any view and reset commands in user view.
Task
Command
Display the IPv4 ECMP mode. display ecmp mode
Display routing table information. display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
[ verbose ]
Display information about routes
permitted by an IPv4 basic ACL. display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]acl
ipv4-acl-number [ verbose ]
Display information about routes to a
specific destination address. display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ip-address [ mask-length | mask ] [ longer-match ] [ verbose ]
Display information about routes to a
range of destination addresses. display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ip-address1 to ip-address2 [ verbose ]
Display
information about routes
permitted by an IP prefix list. display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
prefix-list prefix-list-name [ verbose ]
Display information about routes
installed by a protocol. display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
protocol protocol [ inactive | verbose ]
Display IPv4 route statistics. display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
statistics
Display brief IPv4
routing table
information. display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
summary
Display route attribute information in
the RIB. display rib attribute [ attribute-id ]
Display RIB GR state information. display rib graceful-restart
Display next hop information in the
RIB. display rib nib [ self-originated ] [ nib-id ] [ verbose ]
display rib nib protocol protocol [ verbose ]
Display next hop information for direct
routes. display route-direct nib [ nib-id ] [ verbose ]

8
Task
Command
Clear IPv4 route statistics. reset ip routing-table statistics protocol [vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] { protocol |all }
Display IPv6 routing table information. display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
[ verbose ]
Display information about routes to an
IPv6 destination address. display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ipv6-address [ prefix-length ][ longer-match ] [ verbose ]
Display information about routes
permitted by an IPv6 basic ACL. display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
acl ipv6-acl-number [ verbose ]
D
isplay information about routes to a
range of IPv6 destination addresses. display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ipv6-address1 to ipv6-address2 [ verbose ]
Display
information about routes
permitted by an IPv6 prefix list. display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
prefix-list prefix-list-name [ verbose ]
Display
information about routes
installed by an IPv6 protocol. display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
protocol protocol [ inactive | verbose ]
Display IPv6 route statistics. display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
statistics
Display brief IPv6
routing table
information. display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
summary
Display route
attribute information in
the IPv6 RIB. display ipv6 rib attribute [ attribute-id ]
Display IPv6 RIB GR state
information. display ipv6 rib graceful-restart
Display next hop information in the
IPv6 RIB. display ipv6 rib nib [ self-originated ] [ nib-id ] [ verbose ]
display ipv6 rib nib protocol protocol [ verbose ]
Display next hop information for IPv6
direct routes. display ipv6 route-direct nib [ nib-id ] [ verbose ]
Clear IPv6 route statistics. reset ipv6 routing-table statistics protocol [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] { protocol |all }