Hunterlab D25-pc2a User manual

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Instra

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

H U N T E R L A B

D25-PC2.:1

C O L O R I M E T E R

.

,.:

HUNTER

ASSOCIATES

LABORATORY, INC •.,, .. .

11491

Sunset

Hills

Road

Reston.

Virginia

%2090

(

703)

4'11-6

87

0

Revision

1.7

7/87

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---

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-

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

1.

Introduction

...................................................

1-1

2.

Checklist

......................................................

2-1

3.

Specifications

3.1

Instrument

Specifications

.................................

3-1

3.1.1

General

............................................

3-1

3.1.2

Conditions

of

Illumination

and

View

................

3-1

3.1.3

Sensitivity

and

Data

Display

.......................

3-2

3.1.4

Stability

-

Instrument

Performance

.................

3-2

3.1.5

Precision

and

Accuracy

.............................

3-3

3.1.6

Basis

of

Standards

Calibration

.....................

3-3

3.

2

Measurement

Values

.......

.................................

3-4

4.

Getting

Started

4.1

Environment

...............................................

4-1

4 . 2

Ass

e

mb

1y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 1

4.3

Initialization

............................................

4-2

4.4

Special

Function

Keys

.....................................

4-3

4.5

Considerations

Preparatory

to

Making

Measurements

.........

4-3

4.5.1

Standards

-

Use

and

Care

...........................

4-3

4.5.2

Using

A

Cover

Glass

Port

Insert

(Optional)

.........

4-3

4.5.3

Sample

Viewing

Aperture

............................

4-4

4.5.4

Instrument

Warm-Up

Time

............................

4-4

4.5.5

Checking

Calibration

of

the

Instrument

.............

4-4

4.

5.

6

Standard

Instrument

Techniques

.....................

4-5

4.6

Changing

Position

of

Optical

Sensor

.......................

4-5

4.7

Exchanging

Optical

Sensors

................................

4-5

4.7.1

Exchanging

Connections

.............................

4-5

4.7.2

Initializing

New

Optical

Sensor

....................

4-6

4.

7.

3

Standby

Box

Fuse

..........

.-

........................

4-6

4.8

Setting

the

Time

and

Date

on

an

Epson

HX-40

...............

4-6

4.9

Turning

D25-PC2A

Off

...................................

...

4-8

5.

Operation

of

the

Instrument

5.1

Complete

Standardization

.............•........

~

···

~

~~

~

~···5-1

5.2

Checking

Standardization

..............

~

..

~.•

~

·····•

•

·····5-1

5.3

Measuring

the

Color

of

a

Sample

................

..

...

..

.........

5-2

5.4

Making

Color

Difference

Measurements

......•.•....•....••..

5-3

6.

More

on

Standardization

6.1

Top

of

Scale

Standardization

..............................

6-1

6.2

View

Standard

Values

..........•.•.........................

6-3

6.

2.

1

6.2.2

6.2.3

White

Standard

........

~

............................

6-4

Blue

Standard

....•.••••

;

•.•.•....•.•.•.....•.......

6-4

Yellow

Standard

........

~

..

~· ~·

.....................

6-5

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7.

Maintenance

and

Troubleshooting

7.

1

Maintenance

...............................................

7-1

7.1.1

Source

Larnp

•.......................................

7-1

...__,

7.1.2

Incident

Beam

Optics

...............................

7-2

7.1.3

Photodetector

Temperature

..........................

7-3

7.

2

Diagnostics

....

...........................................

7-4

7.

2.

1

7.

2.

2

7.

2.

3

7.2.4

7.

2.

5

Lamp

..

.............................................

7-4

Lamp

Adjustment

....................................

7-5

A/D

Count

..........................................

7-6

PROM

CRC

.

..........................................

7-7

RAM

.....•.•.•....•....•.•.•...•..••••••..•.....•.••

7- 7

7.3

Error

Messages

............................................

7-8

7.

4

Troubleshooting

...........................................

7-9

7.4.1

Possible

Effects

of

Environment

....................

7-9

7.4.2

Failure

to

Initialize

..............................

7-10

7.4.3

General

Rules

for

Toubleshooting

...................

7-11

7.4.4

Symptoms Made

Evident

by

Digital

Readout

...........

7-12

7.4.5

Symptoms

Involving

Calibration

Errors

..............

7-14

8.

Warranty

and

Service

8.1

Warranty

..................................................

8-1

8 . 2 C1

aims

....................................................

8- 1

8.

2.

1

8.

2.

2

8.

2.

3

Breakage

or

Damage

.................................

8-1

Shortage

.

..........................................

8-2

Incorrect

Shipment

.................................

8-3

8.3

Returns

...................................................

8-3

8.4

Service

...................................................

8-3

8.

4.

1

8.4.2

Return

of

Instrument

for

Repair

....................

8-3

.,__,

On-Site

Repair

.....................................

8-3

9.

Options

9.1

9.2

9.3

9.4

9.5

9.6

9.7

9.8

9.9

9.10

9.11

9.12

9.13

9.14

9.15

Reduced

Area

Illumination

and

Small

Area

Measurement

......

9-2

Reduced

Area

Viewing

......................................

9-4

L

Sensor

Reduced

Area

Viewing

.........

....................

9-5

Ultraviolet

Absorbing

Filter

..............................

9-6

Whiteness

Index

...........................................

9-7

Yellowness

Index

..........................................

9-9

Opacity

(Contrast

Ratio}

.................

.

................

9-11

Tomato

Product

Score

......................................

9-13

TAPP

I Br i g

ht

n

es

s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

-1

5

z-.,

Brightness

.

............................................

9-1

7

Transfer

Standardization

..................................

9-18

Averaging

.

................................................

9-21

Product

Standard

Storage

..................................

9-22

External

Communications

...............................

....

9-25

IBM

Interface

.............................................

9-27

10.

Appendix

10.1

Key

Function

Chart

.......•...............................

10-1

10.2

Pinout

Connections

.....•.................................

10-4

1o. 3

Reference

Material

.

......................................

10-5

INDEX

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-

INTRODUCTION

SECTION

1 -

INTRODUCTION

The D25-PC2A

colorimeter

is

compact

in

design

and

simple

to

operate.

Software

capabilities

and

proven

optical

design

combine

with

Hunter-

Lab's

pre-eminence

in

the

field

of

applications

engineering

to

produce

a

colorimeter

of

superior

performance.

The D25-PC2A

system

includes

an

optical

sensor,

a

sensor

interface

unit

(SIU),

and

the

Epson HX-40

personal

computer.

The

A

and

AA

optical

sensors

use

45°

incident

light

on

the

sample

plane.

Viewing

is

at

o0

through

a

light

receptor

that

is

placed

directly

above

the

sample

area.

The

reflected

light

is

filtered

to

closely

approximate

CIE 2°

Standard

Observer

for

Illuminant

C.

This

geometry

excludes

specular

reflection

from

measurement.

Electrical

signals

are

directed

by

cable

to

the

SIU,

passed

to

the

analog-to-

digital

converter

and

then

to

the

personal

computer.

The

Land

M

optical

sensors

direct

light

through

an

infrared

heat

absorbing

fi

l

ter

and

onto

the

center

section

of

the

interior

which

is

composed

of

faceted

annular

mirror

rings.

From

these

rings

the

light

is

reflected

uniformly

from

many

directions

onto

the

sample

at

an

average

angle

of

45°

from

the

perpendicular.

Viewing

is

at

0°

via

a

light

receptor

that

is

placed

directly

above

the

specimen

area.

The

reflected

light

is

filtered

to

closely

approximate

CIE 2°

Standard

Observer

for

Illuminant

c.

This

geometry

excludes

specular

reflection

from

measurement

and

essentially

eliminates

the

effect

of

direction-

ality.

Electrical

signals

are

directed

by

cable

to

the

SIU,

passed

to

the

analog-to-digital

converter

and

then

to

the

personal

computer.

CIE

XYZ

and

either

Hunter

L,a,b

or

CIE

1976

L*a*b*

color

scales

are

standard.

Color

differences

from

a

product

standard

may

also

be

com-

puted

in

any

of

these

scales

using

standard

software.

Before

using

the

D25-PC2A

seriously,

this

entire

Instruction

Manual

should

be

studied.

However,

to

appreciate

how

easy

the

D25-PC2A

is

to

use,

and

to

get

a

feel

for

the

simplicity

of

its

logic,

turn

to

Section

4

of

the

manual

and

follow

carefully

the

directions

for

preparing

the

instrument

for

operation.

Section

2

of

the

manual

is

a

checklist

of

items

furnished.

Now

that

you

have

a

feel

for

the

ease,

rapidity

and

simplicity

of

operation

of

your

D25-PC2A

Colorimeter,

let

it

complete

its

warmup

period

while

you

finish

reading

and

studying

this

Instruction

Manual.

If

you

familiarize

yourself

with

the

Manual,

giving

particular

atten-

tion

to

the

list

of

keyboard

functions

(Sec

10.1),

you

will

be

able

to

envision

how

your

D25-PC2A

Colorimeter

can

answer

some

of

your

parti-

cular

needs

in

ways

that

have

not

even

been

mentioned

in

this

manual

of

standard

operating

procedures.

10/86

1-1

PC2A-0/45

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INTRODUCTION

There

are

a

few

things

to

be

aware

of

which

are

not

immediately

obvious

when

reading

the

step-by-step

operating

procedures.

First

of

all,

although

instrument

calibration

is

usually

the

first

step

of

any

procedure

it

is

not

necessary

to

restandardize

after

initial

stan-

dardization

more

often

than

once

or

twice

a

day.

The

use

of

certain

options

requires

recalibration

but

this

is

made

clear

in

the

section

of

this

manual

describing

that

option.

10/86

1-2

PC2A-0/4S

-

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CHECKLIST

SECTION 2 -

CHECKLIST

Seri

al

Nu

mbe r

___

l5_6_1_2

_______

Da

te

___

8

__

/_3_/_

8

_7

_________

_

2.1

D25-PC2A

Basic

Instrument

System

X

Epson

Personal

Computer

including

system

unit,

cables,

_

~-

recharging

power

unit

and

documentation

Hx

-~o

~

~11=

0ISR2'(

.-1A

D25A

Optical

Sensor:

45°

illumination,

0°

viewing,

2

inch

(51mm)

diameter

sample

area

D25AA

Optical

Sensor:

45°

illumination,

0°

viewing

through

an

optical

fiber

beam

splitter,

2

inch

(51mm)

diameter

sample

area

D25L

Optical

Sensor:

45

°

circumferential

illumination,

0°

viewing,

3.75

inch

(95mm)

diameter

sample

area

D2

5M

Optical

Sensor:

45

°

circumferential

illumination,

o0

viewing

through

an

optical

fiber

beam

splitter,

2

inch

(51mm)

diameter

sample

area

Sensor

Interface

Unit:

100,

120,

220

or

240

VAC

+10%;

single

phase;

50/60

Hz; 200

VA

maximum.

Set

for

_f2_0

__

VAC

2.2

Tridimensional

Scales

X

10/

86

Standard

-

Hunter

L,a,b

and

CIE

X,Y,Z

with

component

differences

for

Illuminant

C,

2°

Standard

Observer

or

Standard

-CIE

1976

L•a•b•

(CIELAB)

and

CIE X,Y,Z

with

component

differences

for

Illuminant

C, 2°

Standard

Observer

or

Standard

-

CIE

Y,x,y

and

CIE X,Y,Z

with

component

differences

for

Illuminant

c, 2°

Standard

Observer

or

Standard

-

Hunter

Rd,a,b

and

CIE X,Y,Z

with

component

differences

for

Illuminant

C,

2°

Standard

Observer

Optional

-

Hunter

L,a,b,

CIE

1976

L•a•b•

(CIELAB).

CIE

Yxy

or

Hunter

Rd,a,b

depending

upon

standard

scales

selected

above,

for

Illuminant

C,

2°

Standard

Observer

2-1

PC2A-0/45

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CHECKLIST

Optional

-

Hunter

AE,

AC;

Rd,a,b

AE,

AC;

CIELAB

AE•,

AC•,

AH•

depending

upon

scales

selected

above;

for

Illuminant

C,

2°

Standard

Observer

2.3

Optional

Software

D25-2WI

D25-2YI

D25-2CR

D25-2TPC

___

D25-2BT

D25-2Z

D25-2EXC

Whiteness

Index

per

AATCC

110

and

ASTM

E 313

Yellowness

Index

per

ASTM

D

1925

Opacity

(Contrast

Ratio)

Tomato

Product

Color

Indices

per

USDA

calcu-

lations.

includes

2.5

in.

(64mm)

diameter

round

sample

cell

with

optically

clear

glass

bottom,

sample

cup

port

holder

assembly

and

tomato

color

standard

calibrated

for

Hunter

L,a,b

and

CIE

XYZ.

TAPP!

Brightness

per

TAPP!

Method

T-452,

includes

TAPP!

filter,

Optical

Sensor

Option

D25-2RAI

Reduced

Area

Illumination

and

cali-

brated

B

value

on

white

standard

Brightness

(Z1>)

External

Communications

Software

D25-2TS1

Transfer

Standard

Storage

for

1

Standard

D25-2TS2

Transfer

Standard

Storage

for

10

Standards

D25-2PS

Product

Standard

Storage

for

10

Product

Standards

D25-2AVG

Averaging

D25-2IBM

IBM

Interface

2.4

Other

Options

2/87

D25-2RAI

Reduced

Area

Illumination

D25-2SAA

Small

Area

Measurement

includes

Option

D25-2LS

and

requires

Option

D25-2RAI

D25-2RAV

Reduced

Area

Viewing

for

A,

AA

or

M

optical

sensor,

includes

Option

D25-2LS

D25-2RAL

Reduced

Area

Viewing

for

L

optical

sensor,

includes

Option

D25-2LS

2-2

PC2A-0/45

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-

CHECKLIST

O25-2UVA

Internal

Ultraviolet

Absorbing

Filter

for

A

and

AA

optical

sensors

D25-2UVM

Internal

Ultraviolet

Absorbing

Filter

for

L

and

M

optical

sensors

D25-2LS

External

Photodetector

Output

Adjustment

with

knobs

in

lieu

of

screw

adjust

type

normally

supplied

D25-2SIU

Additional

Sensor

Interface

Unit

D25-2SW

Dual

Sensor

Serial

Interface

Switch

D25-2SB

Standby

Box

D25-2XLC

Extra

Length

SIU

and

Sensor

Interconnecting

Cables

(pair)

2.5

Packed

in

Standards

Box

2/87

STANDARDS

CALIBRATED

VALUES

X y z X

ILLUMINANT

C

1931

CIE 2°

Observer

Wh

i teC2-f7282

__M:J)JL

86

.

08

101.51

-~

YI

=

-0.3

w = 85.6

z~

=

NA

Pink

C2-27283

46.5 41.7 39.3 46.8

Gr

eenC2-27284 37.1 44.0 44.5 37.7

Yellowf.:2-27285 60.2 61.8 41.3 60.8

----

Blue

C2-27286

38.7 42.1 62.8 38.9

Gray

C2-27287

10.9 11. 0 13.6 11.0

----

X

White

Uncalibrated

Back-up

Tile

Uncalibrated

Black

Glass

READ

AT

FACTORY

y z _xa_

Xb

86.1 101.5 .2225

BT=

NA

42

.0 39.5

44.5 45.1

62.1 41.9

42.5 63.1

11. 1 13.7

X

Card

showing

Standard

Calibrated

Values

and

Values

Read

at

Factory

X

Spare

Quartz-Halogen

Lamp,

Clear

Bulb

for

A,

AA,

L

Sensors

(Part

#02638300)

or

2-3

PC2A-0/45

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CHECKLIST

2/87

X

Spare

Quartz-Halogen

Lamp.

Frosted

Bulb

for

M

Sensor

(Part

#02638302)

3

Amp

Slo-Blo

Fuse

(100

or

120

VAC

operation)

(Part

#13260030)

or

1.5

Amp

Slo-Blo

Fuse

(220

or

240

VAC

operation)

<Part

#13260016)

SIU

Test

Plug

Standard

Cleaning

Procedure

Lens

Brush

(Part

#2000010)

Trimpot

Adjusting

Tool

(Part

#3897500)

Bottle

of

Anti-static

Lens

Cleaner

Set

of

Allen

Wrenches

Cover

Glass

Port

Insert

Assembly.

6mm

<Part

#02662401)

(Optional)

Cover

Glass

Port

Insert

Assembly,

12mm

(Part

#02662405)

(Optional)

Cover

Glass

Port

Insert

Assembly.

25mm

(Part

#02662409)

(Optional)

Cover

Glass

Port

Insert

Assembly.

51mm

(Part

#02662400)

(Optional)

Sample

Port

Insert.

6mm

(Part

#04662300)

(Optional)

Sample

Port

Insert,

10mm

(Part

#04662303)

(Optional)

Sample

Port

Insert,

13mm

(Part

#04662305)

(Optional)

Sample

Port

Insert.

16mm

(Part

#04662307)

(Optional)

Sample

Port

Insert,

19mm

(Part

#04662308)

(Optional)

Sample

Port

Insert,

25mm

<Part

#04662309)

(Optional)

Sample

Port

Insert,

32mm

(Part

#04662310)

(Optional)

Sample

Port

Insert,

38mm

(Part

#04662311)

(Optional)

Sample

Port

Insert.

51mm

(Part

#04662312)

(Optional

for

---

type

L

sensor

only)

-

2-4

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X

CHECKLIST

Capsule

Shape

Port

Insert

for

0.75

in.

x

0.25

in.

(19mm

x

6mm)

samples

(Part

#04662001)

(Optional)

Wet

sample

Port

Insert,

51mm

diameter

port

with

4mm

'lip'

for

sample

contact

(Part

#0

46

6

21

oO)

(Optional)

Sample

Cup

Port

Holder

Assembly,

64mm

diameter

(Part

#04662200)

(Optional)

Cover

Glass

for

A,

AA

or

M

Sensors

(Part

#12000020)

Cover

Glass

for

L

Sensor

(Part

#12000120)

2.6

Packed

Separately

1 I 87

__

X_

Spring

loaded

Sample

Positioning

Device

(Part

#02

83

640

0)

Sample

Cell

-2.5

in.

(63.5mm)

diameter

round

plastic

body

with

optically

clear

glass

bottom

(Part

#13851210)

(Optional)

Sample

Cell

-2.5

in.

(63,5mm)

diameter

round

all

glass

body

and

bottom

for

use

with

highly

solvent

liquids

(Part

#04720900)

(Optional)

Sample

Dish

-5

inch

(130mm)

diameter

round

x 2

inch

(51mm)

all

glass

body

and

bottom

(Part

#04776700)

(Optional)

Cover,

Sample

Cup

(Part

#0440000)

(Optional)

Transmittance

Ring

and

Disk

Set

(Part

#13851209)

(Optional)

_

_.

X_ Power

Cord

(Part

#10000050)

_

_.X~

25

Connector

Signal

Cable

Extension

(Part

#13590104)

Heater

Assembly

(Part

#04220700)

(Optional)

P.C.

Board

Assembly,

Photodetector

Output

(Screw

adjust)

(Part

#02637603)

(Optional)

P.C.

Board

Assembly,

Photodetector

Output

(Long

shaft

trimpots)

(Part

#02637602)

(Optional)

2-5

PC2A-0/45

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CHECKLIST

2.7

Final

D25-PC2

Calibration

Data

Photodetector

Block

Temperature

100°F

(38°C)

Cyclic

Redundancy

Check

(CRC)

_______

1_

5

_1_6_0

_______

_

2/87

2-6

PC2A-0/45

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cpECIFICATIONS

SECTION 3 -SPECIFICATIONS

3.1

Instrument

Specifications

3.1.1

General

10/86

1.

Physical

Characteristics

A

and

AA

Optical

Sensors

(measurements

include

con-

nectors)

-

10.2

inch

(25.9cm)

wide

x

10.5

inch

(26.7cm)

deep

x

11.5

inch

(29.2cm)

high.

19

lb.

(8.6kg).

Land

M

Optical

Sensors

(measurements

include

con-

nectors)

-

13.5

inch

(34.4cm)

wide

x

15

inch

(38.1cm)

deep

x

14.5

inch

(36.8cm)

high.

23.2

lb.

(10.5kg).

Epson

HX-40 -

11.5

inch

(29.2cm)

wide

x 8.5

inch

(21.6cm)

long

x

2.5

inch

(6.4cm)

high.

4

lb

(1.8kg).

Sensor

Interface

Unit

-

14.25

inch

(36.2cm)

wide

x

8.5

inch

(21.6cm)

deep

x

6.5

inch

(16.51cm)

high,

18

lb

(8.2kg).

2. Power

Required

Standard

-

100. 120.

220.

or

240

VAC

+ 10%;

single

phase;

50/60

Hz; 200

VA

maximum.

3.1.2

Conditions

of

Illumination

and

View

1.

Size

of

sample

Unlimited

with

optical

sensor

mounted

port

up

Maximum

with

optical

sensor

mounted

port

down -

A

and

AA

optical

sensors:

4.25

inch

(11cm)

from

edge

to

center

line

of

beam

L

and

M

optical

sensors:

6

.5

inch

(

16

.5

cm)

from

edge

to

center

line

of

beam

Maximum

with

optical

sensor

unmounted

-

Limited

by

cable

length

2.

Diameter

of

opening

in

port

2.00

inch

(51mm)

CA

sensor)

2.

oo

inch

C

51mm)

(AA

sensor)

3.75

inch

(95mm)

CL

sensor)

2.00

inch

(51mm)

CM

sensor)

3-1

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SPECIFICATIONS

10/86

3.

Inten~ity

of

illumination

900

foot

candle

900

foot

candle

350

foot

candle

1000

foot

candle

4.

Incident

beam

(A

sensor}

(AA

sensor}

(L

sensor}

(M

sensor}

A

and

AA

optical

sensors:

Two

opposing

incident

beams

Average

angle

-45°

to

the

sample

normal

Subtended

(field}

angle

-

7°

Land

M

optical

sensors:

Completely

circumferential

incident

beams

Average

angle

-45°

to

the

sample

normal

Subtended

(field}

angle

-

22°

s.

Reflected

(viewing}

beam

Average

angle

-0°

to

the

sample

normal

Subtended

(field}

angle

-

A

and

AA

optical

sensors:

11°

Land

M

optical

sensors:

24°

Specular

reflectance

excluded

6.

Detector

System

Four

solid

state

silicon

diode

detectors

Four

broad

band

filters

(tristimulus

Y,Z,X

amber

and

X

blue}

Spectral

response

adjusted

for

average

daylight,

designated

as

Illuminant

C by CIE

specifications

3.1.3

Sensitivity

and

Data

Display

Sensitivity

adequate

for

measurement

of

diffuse

reflec-

tance

as

low

as

1~.

Data

display

resolution

-0.14'

of

full

scale.

Four

significant

figures,

maximum

value

130.0.

3.1.4

Stability

-

Instrument

Performance

Drift

from

standardization

point,

for

a

properly

main-

tained

instrument,

should

be

no

more

than±

0.1

Hunter

L,

a,

orb

units

in

one

hour,

or~

0.3

in

three

hours

when

operated

under

the

following

conditions:

1.

Instrument

operating

under

conditions

specified

in

Sec.

4.

3-2

PC2A-0/45

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-

10/86

SPECIFICATIONS

2.

Instrument

properly

warmed

up,

standardized,

and

test

run

with

uncalibrated

white

tile

in

position

at

the

sample

port.

3.

Power

source

should

be

a

stable,

instrument

grade

line.

3.1.5

Precision

and

Accuracy

The

repeatability,

reproducibility

and

accuracy

specifi-

cations

listed

below

are

based

on

properly

operated

and

maintained

instruments.

Guidance

for

operating

and

main-

taining

the

instrument

will

be

found

in

the

appropriate

sections

of

the

instruction

manual.

These

specifications

apply

to

all

samples

except

those

which

are

highly

chromatic

(more

than

25

units

from

zero

in

'a'

or

'b'

dimension)

.

1.

Precision

-

Repeatability

and

Reproducibility

Color

values

are

REPEATABLE

to

a

standard

deviation

of

0.1

L,a,b

scale

units.

Repeatability

is

the

deviation

from

mean

experienced

when

measuring

a

single

sample

on a

single

instrument.

Color

values

are

REPRODUCIBLE

to

a

standard

devia-

tion

of

0.2

L,a,b

scale

units.

Reproducibility

is

the

deviation

from

mean

experienced

between

instru-

ments

of

a

given

type.

2.

Accuracy

Color

_

values

are

accurate

to

a

root

mean

square

deviation

of

0.7

L,a,b

scale

units.

Accuracy

is

the

deviation

from

an

accepted

reference

level.

The

accepted

reference

for

HunterLab

colorimeters

are

CIE

Illuminant

C

1931

2°

Observer

values

assigned

to

master

reflectance

standards.

These

values

are

computed

directly

from

spectrophotometric

measure-

ments.

3.1.6

Basis

of

Standards

Calibration

1.

Traceability

of

Standards

Calibration

HunterLab

standards

are

traceable

to

measurements

at

the

National

Bureau

of

Standards

(USA)

and

the

National

Physical

Laboratory

(Great

Britain).

3-3

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SPECIFICATIONS

2.

Standard

Values

Instrument

standard

labels

show

calibration

values

which

are

derived

by

direct

comparison

to

master

...._.,

standards.

By

using

these

values

the

accuracy

of

the

instrument

can

be

determined.

3.2

Measurement

Values

10/

86

Color

values

as

measured

on

the

D2S-PC2A

are

relative

to

the

absolute

value

of

the

perfect

white

diffuser

as

measured

under

the

same

geometric

conditions

(see

ASTM

Method

E

306),

accord-

ing

to

the

recommendation

of

the

International

Commission

on

Illumination

of

January

1,

1969.

1.

CIE

Tristimulus

X,Y,Z

Scale

The

source-photodetector-filter

combination

in

the

D2S-

PC2A

Colorimeter

is

designed

to

simulate

the

color

matching

response

functions

of

the

human

observer

as

defined

by

the

1931 2°

Standard

Observer.

2.

L,a,b

Opponent

Color

Scales

(Hunter

L,a,b/CIE

1976

L•a•b•)

The

opponent

color

scales

give

measurements

of

color

in

units

of

approximate

visual

uniformity

throughout

the

color

solid.

Thus,

L

measures

lightness

and

varies

from

100

for

perfect

white

to

zero

for

black,

approximately

....._,

as

the

eye

would

evaluate

it.

The

chromaticity

dimensions

(g

and

Q)

give

understandable

designations

of

color

as

follows:

g

measures

redness

when

plus,

gray

when

zero

and

green-

ness

when

minus

~

measures

yellowness

when

plus,

gray

when

zero

and

blueness

when

minus

a)

The

relationshi

s

tween

the

Hunter

L,a,b

Scale

and

the

CIE

X.Y.Z

Scale

for

2°

Standard

Observer

is

as

follows:

L = 10 Y1

/"

a=

17,S[(X/0.98041)-Yl

y1/J

b =

7.0[Y-(Z/1.18103)]

y17

'J

where:

X,Y,Z

are

CIE

tristimulus

values

3-4

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10/86

SPECIFICATIONS

The

Hunter

L,a,b

total

color

difference

(AE)

and

chroma-

ticity

difference

(AC)

is

calculated

as

follows:

AE

=

[(AL)i

+

(Aa)i

+

(Ab)i]

1

/i

where:

AL

=

LSMP

-

LSTD

(if

+

aL,

sample

is

lighter

than

standard

if

-aL,

sample

is

darker

than

standard)

aa

=

aSMP

-asTD

(if

+aa,

sample

is

redder

than

standard

if

-aa,

sample

is

greener

than

standard)

ab

=

bsMP

-bsTD

(if

+ab,

sample

is

bellower

than

standard

if

-ab,

sample

is

luer

than

standard)

The

aE

derived

from

these

opponent-color

scales

approxi-

mates

the

NBS

Unit

of

Color

Difference

(Judd-Hunter),

which

represents

the

average

maximum

difference

accept-

able

in

a

series

of

dye-house

commercial

matches

in

193

9.

b)

The

CIE

1976

L*a*b*

Scale

is

recommended

by

the

Commis-

sion

Internationale

de

l'Eclairage

CCIE>.

It

is

a

sim-

plified

cube

root

version

of

the

Adams-Nickerson

space,

produced

by

plotting

in

rectangular

coordinates

the

quantities

of

L*,a*,b*.

The

relationship

between

the

L*a*b*

Scale

and

the

CIE

X,Y,Z

Scale

is

as

follows:

For

values

of

X/Xn,

Y/Yn,

Z/Zn

>

0.01

L*

=

116(Y/Yn)

1/3 -

16

a•=

500

[(X/Xn> 1/3

b* =

200

[(Y/Yn)

1/3

where:

(Y/Yn)i/3]

(Z/Zn)1/1]

1.

X,Y,Z

are

tristimulus

values

(in%)

2.

Xn, Yn,

Zn

are

tristimulus

values

of

the

standard

illuminant

with

Yn

always

equal

to

100.00.

For

CIE

Illuminant

C

the

tristimulus

values

are

as

follows:

Xn

=

98.

04

Zn=

118.10

'(fl=-

100.0

3-5

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SPECIFICATIONS

10/

86

CIE

1976

a,b

Chroma-Differences

(AC*)

and

CIE

1976

a,b

Hue

Difference

(AH*)

and

Total

Difference

(AE•)

(see

Fig.

3-1)

AE* =

[(AL*)1

+

(Aa*)1

+

(Ab*)1]1/1

AC*=

C*sMP

-

C*STD

where

c• =

(a•

1 +

b•

1)1/1

and

is

termed

metric

chroma

AE*

is

the

same

quantity

as

that

described

in

a)

above,

using

L•a•b•

(CIELAB>

values.

It

approximates

the

NBS

Unit

of

Color

Difference.

AC*

is

the

difference

between

the

chroma

of

the

sample

and

the

chroma

of

standard,

as

described

in

a

polar

coordinate

system.

AH•

describes

the

difference

between

the

hue

angle

(h0>

of

the

standard

and

the

hue

angle

of

the

sample

in

a

polar

coordinate

system

,

where

h0 =

arc

tan

(b•/a•).

If

h0 smp > h0

std,

then

AH•

is

regarded

as

positive

If

h0

std>

h0 smp,

then

AH*

is

regarded

as

negative

See

Recommendation

On

Uniform

Color

Spaces,

Color

Difference

Equations,

Psychometric

Color

Terms,

Supplement

No.

2

to

CIE

Publication

No.

15

(E-1.3

.1).

CIE,

Paris,

1978.

For

the

significance

of

AH*

in

terms

of

red,

green,

yellow.

or

blue

differences

between

standard

and

sample,

refer

to

Fig.

3-2.

To

use

this

diagram:

1.

Divide

the

b*

value

of

the

standard

by

its

a•

value.

2.

Determine

in

which

quadrant

the

standard

is

located

by

reference

to

the

signs

of

its

a•

and

b*

values.

NOTE:

When

t

he

sample

falls

in

quadrant

1

and

the

standard

falls

in

quadrant

4

(or

vice

versa)

add

360°

to

h0

sample

(or

h0

standard)

before

determining

the

sign.

3.

Use

the

value

found

in

#1

to

determine

the

block

letter

of

the

standard

within

its

quadrant.

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10/

86

SPECIFICATIONS

4.

Read .

the

hue

designated

for

that

block.

If

AH•

is

plus,

the

hue

difference

direction

is

counterclockwise,

if

minus,

it

is

clockwise.

For

example:

For

a

standard

shade

with

values

of

a~

-s.

b

==

+S.

a

hue

difference

from

a

sample

is

AH•

=

+0.4

1)

b•/a•

==

+S/-S

=

-1.0

2)

Negative

a

value

and

positive

b

value

places

the

standard

in

upper

left

quadrant.

3)

Ratio

of

-1.0

found

in

step

1

places

the

standard

in

Block

D

(from

-2.414

to

-0.414).

4)

Since

the

AH•

was

pl

us.

we

read

the

Block

D

hue

change

in

the

counterclockwise

direction.

This

indicates

that

the

sample

is

greener

and

less

yellow

than

standard.

3-7

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