HunterLab D25-PC2A User manual
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SM
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Instra
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL
H U N T E R L A B
D25-PC2.:1
C O L O R I M E T E R
.
,.:
HUNTER
ASSOCIATES
LABORATORY, INC •.,, .. .
11491
Sunset
Hills
Road
Reston.
Virginia
%2090
(
703)
4'11-6
87
0
Revision
1.7
7/87
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com
---
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com
-
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
1.
Introduction
...................................................
1-1
2.
Checklist
......................................................
2-1
3.
Specifications
3.1
Instrument
Specifications
.................................
3-1
3.1.1
General
............................................
3-1
3.1.2
Conditions
of
Illumination
and
View
................
3-1
3.1.3
Sensitivity
and
Data
Display
.......................
3-2
3.1.4
Stability
-
Instrument
Performance
.................
3-2
3.1.5
Precision
and
Accuracy
.............................
3-3
3.1.6
Basis
of
Standards
Calibration
.....................
3-3
3.
2
Measurement
Values
.......
.................................
3-4
4.
Getting
Started
4.1
Environment
...............................................
4-1
4 . 2
Ass
e
mb
1y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 1
4.3
Initialization
............................................
4-2
4.4
Special
Function
Keys
.....................................
4-3
4.5
Considerations
Preparatory
to
Making
Measurements
.........
4-3
4.5.1
Standards
-
Use
and
Care
...........................
4-3
4.5.2
Using
A
Cover
Glass
Port
Insert
(Optional)
.........
4-3
4.5.3
Sample
Viewing
Aperture
............................
4-4
4.5.4
Instrument
Warm-Up
Time
............................
4-4
4.5.5
Checking
Calibration
of
the
Instrument
.............
4-4
4.
5.
6
Standard
Instrument
Techniques
.....................
4-5
4.6
Changing
Position
of
Optical
Sensor
.......................
4-5
4.7
Exchanging
Optical
Sensors
................................
4-5
4.7.1
Exchanging
Connections
.............................
4-5
4.7.2
Initializing
New
Optical
Sensor
....................
4-6
4.
7.
3
Standby
Box
Fuse
..........
.-
........................
4-6
4.8
Setting
the
Time
and
Date
on
an
Epson
HX-40
...............
4-6
4.9
Turning
D25-PC2A
Off
...................................
...
4-8
5.
Operation
of
the
Instrument
5.1
Complete
Standardization
.............•........
~
···
~
~~
~
~···5-1
5.2
Checking
Standardization
..............
~
~
..
~.•
~
·····•
•
·····5-1
5.3
Measuring
the
Color
of
a
Sample
................
..
...
..
.........
5-2
5.4
Making
Color
Difference
Measurements
......•.•....•....••..
5-3
6.
More
on
Standardization
6.1
Top
of
Scale
Standardization
..............................
6-1
6.2
View
Standard
Values
..........•.•.........................
6-3
6.
2.
1
6.2.2
6.2.3
White
Standard
........
~
............................
6-4
Blue
Standard
....•.••••
;
•.•.•....•.•.•.....•.......
6-4
Yellow
Standard
........
~
..
~· ~·
.....................
6-5
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7.
Maintenance
and
Troubleshooting
7.
1
Maintenance
...............................................
7-1
7.1.1
Source
Larnp
•.......................................
7-1
...__,
7.1.2
Incident
Beam
Optics
...............................
7-2
7.1.3
Photodetector
Temperature
..........................
7-3
7.
2
Diagnostics
....
...........................................
7-4
7.
2.
1
7.
2.
2
7.
2.
3
7.2.4
7.
2.
5
Lamp
..
.............................................
7-4
Lamp
Adjustment
....................................
7-5
A/D
Count
..........................................
7-6
PROM
CRC
.
..........................................
7-7
RAM
.....•.•.•....•....•.•.•...•..••••••..•.....•.••
7- 7
7.3
Error
Messages
............................................
7-8
7.
4
Troubleshooting
...........................................
7-9
7.4.1
Possible
Effects
of
Environment
....................
7-9
7.4.2
Failure
to
Initialize
..............................
7-10
7.4.3
General
Rules
for
Toubleshooting
...................
7-11
7.4.4
Symptoms Made
Evident
by
Digital
Readout
...........
7-12
7.4.5
Symptoms
Involving
Calibration
Errors
..............
7-14
8.
Warranty
and
Service
8.1
Warranty
..................................................
8-1
8 . 2 C1
aims
....................................................
8- 1
8.
2.
1
8.
2.
2
8.
2.
3
Breakage
or
Damage
.................................
8-1
Shortage
.
..........................................
8-2
Incorrect
Shipment
.................................
8-3
8.3
Returns
...................................................
8-3
8.4
Service
...................................................
8-3
8.
4.
1
8.4.2
Return
of
Instrument
for
Repair
....................
8-3
.,__,
On-Site
Repair
.....................................
8-3
9.
Options
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
9.15
Reduced
Area
Illumination
and
Small
Area
Measurement
......
9-2
Reduced
Area
Viewing
......................................
9-4
L
Sensor
Reduced
Area
Viewing
.........
....................
9-5
Ultraviolet
Absorbing
Filter
..............................
9-6
Whiteness
Index
...........................................
9-7
Yellowness
Index
..........................................
9-9
Opacity
(Contrast
Ratio}
.................
.
................
9-11
Tomato
Product
Score
......................................
9-13
TAPP
I Br i g
ht
n
es
s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
-1
5
z-.,
Brightness
.
............................................
9-1
7
Transfer
Standardization
..................................
9-18
Averaging
.
................................................
9-21
Product
Standard
Storage
..................................
9-22
External
Communications
...............................
....
9-25
IBM
Interface
.............................................
9-27
10.
Appendix
10.1
Key
Function
Chart
.......•...............................
10-1
10.2
Pinout
Connections
.....•.................................
10-4
1o. 3
Reference
Material
.
......................................
10-5
INDEX
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-
INTRODUCTION
SECTION
1 -
INTRODUCTION
The D25-PC2A
colorimeter
is
compact
in
design
and
simple
to
operate.
Software
capabilities
and
proven
optical
design
combine
with
Hunter-
Lab's
pre-eminence
in
the
field
of
applications
engineering
to
produce
a
colorimeter
of
superior
performance.
The D25-PC2A
system
includes
an
optical
sensor,
a
sensor
interface
unit
(SIU),
and
the
Epson HX-40
personal
computer.
The
A
and
AA
optical
sensors
use
45°
incident
light
on
the
sample
plane.
Viewing
is
at
o0
through
a
light
receptor
that
is
placed
directly
above
the
sample
area.
The
reflected
light
is
filtered
to
closely
approximate
CIE 2°
Standard
Observer
for
Illuminant
C.
This
geometry
excludes
specular
reflection
from
measurement.
Electrical
signals
are
directed
by
cable
to
the
SIU,
passed
to
the
analog-to-
digital
converter
and
then
to
the
personal
computer.
The
Land
M
optical
sensors
direct
light
through
an
infrared
heat
absorbing
fi
l
ter
and
onto
the
center
section
of
the
interior
which
is
composed
of
faceted
annular
mirror
rings.
From
these
rings
the
light
is
reflected
uniformly
from
many
directions
onto
the
sample
at
an
average
angle
of
45°
from
the
perpendicular.
Viewing
is
at
0°
via
a
light
receptor
that
is
placed
directly
above
the
specimen
area.
The
reflected
light
is
filtered
to
closely
approximate
CIE 2°
Standard
Observer
for
Illuminant
c.
This
geometry
excludes
specular
reflection
from
measurement
and
essentially
eliminates
the
effect
of
direction-
ality.
Electrical
signals
are
directed
by
cable
to
the
SIU,
passed
to
the
analog-to-digital
converter
and
then
to
the
personal
computer.
CIE
XYZ
and
either
Hunter
L,a,b
or
CIE
1976
L*a*b*
color
scales
are
standard.
Color
differences
from
a
product
standard
may
also
be
com-
puted
in
any
of
these
scales
using
standard
software.
Before
using
the
D25-PC2A
seriously,
this
entire
Instruction
Manual
should
be
studied.
However,
to
appreciate
how
easy
the
D25-PC2A
is
to
use,
and
to
get
a
feel
for
the
simplicity
of
its
logic,
turn
to
Section
4
of
the
manual
and
follow
carefully
the
directions
for
preparing
the
instrument
for
operation.
Section
2
of
the
manual
is
a
checklist
of
items
furnished.
Now
that
you
have
a
feel
for
the
ease,
rapidity
and
simplicity
of
operation
of
your
D25-PC2A
Colorimeter,
let
it
complete
its
warmup
period
while
you
finish
reading
and
studying
this
Instruction
Manual.
If
you
familiarize
yourself
with
the
Manual,
giving
particular
atten-
tion
to
the
list
of
keyboard
functions
(Sec
10.1),
you
will
be
able
to
envision
how
your
D25-PC2A
Colorimeter
can
answer
some
of
your
parti-
cular
needs
in
ways
that
have
not
even
been
mentioned
in
this
manual
of
standard
operating
procedures.
10/86
1-1
PC2A-0/45
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INTRODUCTION
There
are
a
few
things
to
be
aware
of
which
are
not
immediately
obvious
when
reading
the
step-by-step
operating
procedures.
First
of
all,
although
instrument
calibration
is
usually
the
first
step
of
any
procedure
it
is
not
necessary
to
restandardize
after
initial
stan-
dardization
more
often
than
once
or
twice
a
day.
The
use
of
certain
options
requires
recalibration
but
this
is
made
clear
in
the
section
of
this
manual
describing
that
option.
10/86
1-2
PC2A-0/4S
-
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CHECKLIST
SECTION 2 -
CHECKLIST
Seri
al
Nu
mbe r
___
l5_6_1_2
_______
Da
te
___
8
__
/_3_/_
8
_7
_________
_
2.1
D25-PC2A
Basic
Instrument
System
X
X
X
Epson
Personal
Computer
including
system
unit,
cables,
_
~-
recharging
power
unit
and
documentation
Hx
-~o
~
~11=
0ISR2'(
.-1A
D25A
Optical
Sensor:
45°
illumination,
0°
viewing,
2
inch
(51mm)
diameter
sample
area
D25AA
Optical
Sensor:
45°
illumination,
0°
viewing
through
an
optical
fiber
beam
splitter,
2
inch
(51mm)
diameter
sample
area
D25L
Optical
Sensor:
45
°
circumferential
illumination,
0°
viewing,
3.75
inch
(95mm)
diameter
sample
area
D2
5M
Optical
Sensor:
45
°
circumferential
illumination,
o0
viewing
through
an
optical
fiber
beam
splitter,
2
inch
(51mm)
diameter
sample
area
Sensor
Interface
Unit:
100,
120,
220
or
240
VAC
+10%;
single
phase;
50/60
Hz; 200
VA
maximum.
Set
for
_f2_0
__
VAC
2.2
Tridimensional
Scales
X
10/
86
Standard
-
Hunter
L,a,b
and
CIE
X,Y,Z
with
component
differences
for
Illuminant
C,
2°
Standard
Observer
or
Standard
-CIE
1976
L•a•b•
(CIELAB)
and
CIE X,Y,Z
with
component
differences
for
Illuminant
C, 2°
Standard
Observer
or
Standard
-
CIE
Y,x,y
and
CIE X,Y,Z
with
component
differences
for
Illuminant
c, 2°
Standard
Observer
or
Standard
-
Hunter
Rd,a,b
and
CIE X,Y,Z
with
component
differences
for
Illuminant
C,
2°
Standard
Observer
Optional
-
Hunter
L,a,b,
CIE
1976
L•a•b•
(CIELAB).
CIE
Yxy
or
Hunter
Rd,a,b
depending
upon
standard
scales
selected
above,
for
Illuminant
C,
2°
Standard
Observer
2-1
PC2A-0/45
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CHECKLIST
Optional
-
Hunter
AE,
AC;
Rd,a,b
AE,
AC;
CIELAB
AE•,
AC•,
AH•
depending
upon
scales
selected
above;
for
Illuminant
C,
2°
Standard
Observer
2.3
Optional
Software
D25-2WI
D25-2YI
D25-2CR
D25-2TPC
___
D25-2BT
D25-2Z
D25-2EXC
Whiteness
Index
per
AATCC
110
and
ASTM
E 313
Yellowness
Index
per
ASTM
D
1925
Opacity
(Contrast
Ratio)
Tomato
Product
Color
Indices
per
USDA
calcu-
lations.
includes
2.5
in.
(64mm)
diameter
round
sample
cell
with
optically
clear
glass
bottom,
sample
cup
port
holder
assembly
and
tomato
color
standard
calibrated
for
Hunter
L,a,b
and
CIE
XYZ.
TAPP!
Brightness
per
TAPP!
Method
T-452,
includes
TAPP!
filter,
Optical
Sensor
Option
D25-2RAI
Reduced
Area
Illumination
and
cali-
brated
B
value
on
white
standard
Brightness
(Z1>)
External
Communications
Software
D25-2TS1
Transfer
Standard
Storage
for
1
Standard
D25-2TS2
Transfer
Standard
Storage
for
10
Standards
D25-2PS
Product
Standard
Storage
for
10
Product
Standards
D25-2AVG
Averaging
D25-2IBM
IBM
Interface
2.4
Other
Options
2/87
D25-2RAI
Reduced
Area
Illumination
D25-2SAA
Small
Area
Measurement
includes
Option
D25-2LS
and
requires
Option
D25-2RAI
D25-2RAV
Reduced
Area
Viewing
for
A,
AA
or
M
optical
sensor,
includes
Option
D25-2LS
D25-2RAL
Reduced
Area
Viewing
for
L
optical
sensor,
includes
Option
D25-2LS
2-2
PC2A-0/45
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-
CHECKLIST
O25-2UVA
Internal
Ultraviolet
Absorbing
Filter
for
A
and
AA
optical
sensors
D25-2UVM
Internal
Ultraviolet
Absorbing
Filter
for
L
and
M
optical
sensors
D25-2LS
External
Photodetector
Output
Adjustment
with
knobs
in
lieu
of
screw
adjust
type
normally
supplied
D25-2SIU
Additional
Sensor
Interface
Unit
D25-2SW
Dual
Sensor
Serial
Interface
Switch
D25-2SB
Standby
Box
D25-2XLC
Extra
Length
SIU
and
Sensor
Interconnecting
Cables
(pair)
2.5
Packed
in
Standards
Box
2/87
STANDARDS
CALIBRATED
VALUES
VALUES
X y z X
ILLUMINANT
C
1931
CIE 2°
Observer
Wh
i teC2-f7282
__M:J)JL
86
.
08
101.51
-~
YI
=
-0.3
w = 85.6
z~
=
NA
Pink
C2-27283
46.5 41.7 39.3 46.8
Gr
eenC2-27284 37.1 44.0 44.5 37.7
Yellowf.:2-27285 60.2 61.8 41.3 60.8
----
Blue
C2-27286
38.7 42.1 62.8 38.9
Gray
C2-27287
10.9 11. 0 13.6 11.0
----
X
X
White
Uncalibrated
Back-up
Tile
Uncalibrated
Black
Glass
READ
AT
FACTORY
y z _xa_
Xb
86.1 101.5 .2225
BT=
NA
42
.0 39.5
44.5 45.1
62.1 41.9
42.5 63.1
11. 1 13.7
X
Card
showing
Standard
Calibrated
Values
and
Values
Read
at
Factory
X
Spare
Quartz-Halogen
Lamp,
Clear
Bulb
for
A,
AA,
L
Sensors
(Part
#02638300)
or
2-3
PC2A-0/45
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CHECKLIST
2/87
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Spare
Quartz-Halogen
Lamp.
Frosted
Bulb
for
M
Sensor
(Part
#02638302)
3
Amp
Slo-Blo
Fuse
(100
or
120
VAC
operation)
(Part
#13260030)
or
1.5
Amp
Slo-Blo
Fuse
(220
or
240
VAC
operation)
<Part
#13260016)
SIU
Test
Plug
Standard
Cleaning
Procedure
Lens
Brush
(Part
#2000010)
Trimpot
Adjusting
Tool
(Part
#3897500)
Bottle
of
Anti-static
Lens
Cleaner
Set
of
Allen
Wrenches
Cover
Glass
Port
Insert
Assembly.
6mm
<Part
#02662401)
(Optional)
Cover
Glass
Port
Insert
Assembly,
12mm
(Part
#02662405)
(Optional)
Cover
Glass
Port
Insert
Assembly.
25mm
(Part
#02662409)
(Optional)
Cover
Glass
Port
Insert
Assembly.
51mm
(Part
#02662400)
(Optional)
Sample
Port
Insert.
6mm
(Part
#04662300)
(Optional)
Sample
Port
Insert,
10mm
(Part
#04662303)
(Optional)
Sample
Port
Insert,
13mm
(Part
#04662305)
(Optional)
Sample
Port
Insert.
16mm
(Part
#04662307)
(Optional)
Sample
Port
Insert,
19mm
(Part
#04662308)
(Optional)
Sample
Port
Insert,
25mm
<Part
#04662309)
(Optional)
Sample
Port
Insert,
32mm
(Part
#04662310)
(Optional)
Sample
Port
Insert,
38mm
(Part
#04662311)
(Optional)
Sample
Port
Insert.
51mm
(Part
#04662312)
(Optional
for
---
type
L
sensor
only)
-
2-4
PC2A-0/45
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X
CHECKLIST
Capsule
Shape
Port
Insert
for
0.75
in.
x
0.25
in.
(19mm
x
6mm)
samples
(Part
#04662001)
(Optional)
Wet
sample
Port
Insert,
51mm
diameter
port
with
4mm
'lip'
for
sample
contact
(Part
#0
46
6
21
oO)
(Optional)
Sample
Cup
Port
Holder
Assembly,
64mm
diameter
(Part
#04662200)
(Optional)
Cover
Glass
for
A,
AA
or
M
Sensors
(Part
#12000020)
Cover
Glass
for
L
Sensor
(Part
#12000120)
2.6
Packed
Separately
1 I 87
__
X_
Spring
loaded
Sample
Positioning
Device
(Part
#02
83
640
0)
Sample
Cell
-2.5
in.
(63.5mm)
diameter
round
plastic
body
with
optically
clear
glass
bottom
(Part
#13851210)
(Optional)
Sample
Cell
-2.5
in.
(63,5mm)
diameter
round
all
glass
body
and
bottom
for
use
with
highly
solvent
liquids
(Part
#04720900)
(Optional)
Sample
Dish
-5
inch
(130mm)
diameter
round
x 2
inch
(51mm)
all
glass
body
and
bottom
(Part
#04776700)
(Optional)
Cover,
Sample
Cup
(Part
#0440000)
(Optional)
Transmittance
Ring
and
Disk
Set
(Part
#13851209)
(Optional)
_
_.
X_ Power
Cord
(Part
#10000050)
_
_.X~
25
Pin
Connector
Signal
Cable
Extension
(Part
#13590104)
Heater
Assembly
(Part
#04220700)
(Optional)
P.C.
Board
Assembly,
Photodetector
Output
(Screw
adjust)
(Part
#02637603)
(Optional)
P.C.
Board
Assembly,
Photodetector
Output
(Long
shaft
trimpots)
(Part
#02637602)
(Optional)
2-5
PC2A-0/45
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CHECKLIST
2.7
Final
D25-PC2
Calibration
Data
Photodetector
Block
Temperature
100°F
(38°C)
Cyclic
Redundancy
Check
(CRC)
_______
1_
5
_1_6_0
_______
_
2/87
2-6
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cpECIFICATIONS
SECTION 3 -SPECIFICATIONS
3.1
Instrument
Specifications
3.1.1
General
10/86
1.
Physical
Characteristics
A
and
AA
Optical
Sensors
(measurements
include
con-
nectors)
-
10.2
inch
(25.9cm)
wide
x
10.5
inch
(26.7cm)
deep
x
11.5
inch
(29.2cm)
high.
19
lb.
(8.6kg).
Land
M
Optical
Sensors
(measurements
include
con-
nectors)
-
13.5
inch
(34.4cm)
wide
x
15
inch
(38.1cm)
deep
x
14.5
inch
(36.8cm)
high.
23.2
lb.
(10.5kg).
Epson
HX-40 -
11.5
inch
(29.2cm)
wide
x 8.5
inch
(21.6cm)
long
x
2.5
inch
(6.4cm)
high.
4
lb
(1.8kg).
Sensor
Interface
Unit
-
14.25
inch
(36.2cm)
wide
x
8.5
inch
(21.6cm)
deep
x
6.5
inch
(16.51cm)
high,
18
lb
(8.2kg).
2. Power
Required
Standard
-
100. 120.
220.
or
240
VAC
+ 10%;
single
phase;
50/60
Hz; 200
VA
maximum.
3.1.2
Conditions
of
Illumination
and
View
1.
Size
of
sample
Unlimited
with
optical
sensor
mounted
port
up
Maximum
with
optical
sensor
mounted
port
down -
A
and
AA
optical
sensors:
4.25
inch
(11cm)
from
edge
to
center
line
of
beam
L
and
M
optical
sensors:
6
.5
inch
(
16
.5
cm)
from
edge
to
center
line
of
beam
Maximum
with
optical
sensor
unmounted
-
Limited
by
cable
length
2.
Diameter
of
opening
in
port
2.00
inch
(51mm)
CA
sensor)
2.
oo
inch
C
51mm)
(AA
sensor)
3.75
inch
(95mm)
CL
sensor)
2.00
inch
(51mm)
CM
sensor)
3-1
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SPECIFICATIONS
10/86
3.
Inten~ity
of
illumination
900
foot
candle
900
foot
candle
350
foot
candle
1000
foot
candle
4.
Incident
beam
(A
sensor}
(AA
sensor}
(L
sensor}
(M
sensor}
A
and
AA
optical
sensors:
Two
opposing
incident
beams
Average
angle
-45°
to
the
sample
normal
Subtended
(field}
angle
-
7°
Land
M
optical
sensors:
Completely
circumferential
incident
beams
Average
angle
-45°
to
the
sample
normal
Subtended
(field}
angle
-
22°
s.
Reflected
(viewing}
beam
Average
angle
-0°
to
the
sample
normal
Subtended
(field}
angle
-
A
and
AA
optical
sensors:
11°
Land
M
optical
sensors:
24°
Specular
reflectance
excluded
6.
Detector
System
Four
solid
state
silicon
diode
detectors
Four
broad
band
filters
(tristimulus
Y,Z,X
amber
and
X
blue}
Spectral
response
adjusted
for
average
daylight,
designated
as
Illuminant
C by CIE
specifications
3.1.3
Sensitivity
and
Data
Display
Sensitivity
adequate
for
measurement
of
diffuse
reflec-
tance
as
low
as
1~.
Data
display
resolution
-0.14'
of
full
scale.
Four
significant
figures,
maximum
value
130.0.
3.1.4
Stability
-
Instrument
Performance
Drift
from
standardization
point,
for
a
properly
main-
tained
instrument,
should
be
no
more
than±
0.1
Hunter
L,
a,
orb
units
in
one
hour,
or~
0.3
in
three
hours
when
operated
under
the
following
conditions:
1.
Instrument
operating
under
conditions
specified
in
Sec.
4.
3-2
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-
10/86
SPECIFICATIONS
2.
Instrument
properly
warmed
up,
standardized,
and
test
run
with
uncalibrated
white
tile
in
position
at
the
sample
port.
3.
Power
source
should
be
a
stable,
instrument
grade
line.
3.1.5
Precision
and
Accuracy
The
repeatability,
reproducibility
and
accuracy
specifi-
cations
listed
below
are
based
on
properly
operated
and
maintained
instruments.
Guidance
for
operating
and
main-
taining
the
instrument
will
be
found
in
the
appropriate
sections
of
the
instruction
manual.
These
specifications
apply
to
all
samples
except
those
which
are
highly
chromatic
(more
than
25
units
from
zero
in
'a'
or
'b'
dimension)
.
1.
Precision
-
Repeatability
and
Reproducibility
Color
values
are
REPEATABLE
to
a
standard
deviation
of
0.1
L,a,b
scale
units.
Repeatability
is
the
deviation
from
mean
experienced
when
measuring
a
single
sample
on a
single
instrument.
Color
values
are
REPRODUCIBLE
to
a
standard
devia-
tion
of
0.2
L,a,b
scale
units.
Reproducibility
is
the
deviation
from
mean
experienced
between
instru-
ments
of
a
given
type.
2.
Accuracy
Color
_
values
are
accurate
to
a
root
mean
square
deviation
of
0.7
L,a,b
scale
units.
Accuracy
is
the
deviation
from
an
accepted
reference
level.
The
accepted
reference
for
HunterLab
colorimeters
are
CIE
Illuminant
C
1931
2°
Observer
values
assigned
to
master
reflectance
standards.
These
values
are
computed
directly
from
spectrophotometric
measure-
ments.
3.1.6
Basis
of
Standards
Calibration
1.
Traceability
of
Standards
Calibration
HunterLab
standards
are
traceable
to
measurements
at
the
National
Bureau
of
Standards
(USA)
and
the
National
Physical
Laboratory
(Great
Britain).
3-3
PC2A-0/45
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SPECIFICATIONS
2.
Standard
Values
Instrument
standard
labels
show
calibration
values
which
are
derived
by
direct
comparison
to
master
...._.,
standards.
By
using
these
values
the
accuracy
of
the
instrument
can
be
determined.
3.2
Measurement
Values
10/
86
Color
values
as
measured
on
the
D2S-PC2A
are
relative
to
the
absolute
value
of
the
perfect
white
diffuser
as
measured
under
the
same
geometric
conditions
(see
ASTM
Method
E
306),
accord-
ing
to
the
recommendation
of
the
International
Commission
on
Illumination
of
January
1,
1969.
1.
CIE
Tristimulus
X,Y,Z
Scale
The
source-photodetector-filter
combination
in
the
D2S-
PC2A
Colorimeter
is
designed
to
simulate
the
color
matching
response
functions
of
the
human
observer
as
defined
by
the
1931 2°
Standard
Observer.
2.
L,a,b
Opponent
Color
Scales
(Hunter
L,a,b/CIE
1976
L•a•b•)
The
opponent
color
scales
give
measurements
of
color
in
units
of
approximate
visual
uniformity
throughout
the
color
solid.
Thus,
L
measures
lightness
and
varies
from
100
for
perfect
white
to
zero
for
black,
approximately
....._,
as
the
eye
would
evaluate
it.
The
chromaticity
dimensions
(g
and
Q)
give
understandable
designations
of
color
as
follows:
g
measures
redness
when
plus,
gray
when
zero
and
green-
ness
when
minus
~
measures
yellowness
when
plus,
gray
when
zero
and
blueness
when
minus
a)
The
relationshi
s
tween
the
Hunter
L,a,b
Scale
and
the
CIE
X.Y.Z
Scale
for
2°
Standard
Observer
is
as
follows:
L = 10 Y1
/"
a=
17,S[(X/0.98041)-Yl
y1/J
b =
7.0[Y-(Z/1.18103)]
y17
'J
where:
X,Y,Z
are
CIE
tristimulus
values
3-4
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10/86
SPECIFICATIONS
The
Hunter
L,a,b
total
color
difference
(AE)
and
chroma-
ticity
difference
(AC)
is
calculated
as
follows:
AE
=
[(AL)i
+
(Aa)i
+
(Ab)i]
1
/i
where:
AL
=
LSMP
-
LSTD
(if
+
aL,
sample
is
lighter
than
standard
if
-aL,
sample
is
darker
than
standard)
aa
=
aSMP
-asTD
(if
+aa,
sample
is
redder
than
standard
if
-aa,
sample
is
greener
than
standard)
ab
=
bsMP
-bsTD
(if
+ab,
sample
is
bellower
than
standard
if
-ab,
sample
is
luer
than
standard)
The
aE
derived
from
these
opponent-color
scales
approxi-
mates
the
NBS
Unit
of
Color
Difference
(Judd-Hunter),
which
represents
the
average
maximum
difference
accept-
able
in
a
series
of
dye-house
commercial
matches
in
193
9.
b)
The
CIE
1976
L*a*b*
Scale
is
recommended
by
the
Commis-
sion
Internationale
de
l'Eclairage
CCIE>.
It
is
a
sim-
plified
cube
root
version
of
the
Adams-Nickerson
space,
produced
by
plotting
in
rectangular
coordinates
the
quantities
of
L*,a*,b*.
The
relationship
between
the
L*a*b*
Scale
and
the
CIE
X,Y,Z
Scale
is
as
follows:
For
values
of
X/Xn,
Y/Yn,
Z/Zn
>
0.01
L*
=
116(Y/Yn)
1/3 -
16
a•=
500
[(X/Xn> 1/3
b* =
200
[(Y/Yn)
1/3
where:
(Y/Yn)i/3]
(Z/Zn)1/1]
1.
X,Y,Z
are
tristimulus
values
(in%)
2.
Xn, Yn,
Zn
are
tristimulus
values
of
the
standard
illuminant
with
Yn
always
equal
to
100.00.
For
CIE
Illuminant
C
the
tristimulus
values
are
as
follows:
Xn
=
98.
04
Zn=
118.10
'(fl=-
100.0
3-5
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SPECIFICATIONS
10/
86
CIE
1976
a,b
Chroma-Differences
(AC*)
and
CIE
1976
a,b
Hue
Difference
(AH*)
and
Total
Difference
(AE•)
(see
Fig.
3-1)
AE* =
[(AL*)1
+
(Aa*)1
+
(Ab*)1]1/1
AC*=
C*sMP
-
C*STD
where
c• =
(a•
1 +
b•
1)1/1
and
is
termed
metric
chroma
AE*
is
the
same
quantity
as
that
described
in
a)
above,
using
L•a•b•
(CIELAB>
values.
It
approximates
the
NBS
Unit
of
Color
Difference.
AC*
is
the
difference
between
the
chroma
of
the
sample
and
the
chroma
of
standard,
as
described
in
a
polar
coordinate
system.
AH•
describes
the
difference
between
the
hue
angle
(h0>
of
the
standard
and
the
hue
angle
of
the
sample
in
a
polar
coordinate
system
,
where
h0 =
arc
tan
(b•/a•).
If
h0 smp > h0
std,
then
AH•
is
regarded
as
positive
If
h0
std>
h0 smp,
then
AH*
is
regarded
as
negative
See
Recommendation
On
Uniform
Color
Spaces,
Color
Difference
Equations,
Psychometric
Color
Terms,
Supplement
No.
2
to
CIE
Publication
No.
15
(E-1.3
.1).
CIE,
Paris,
1978.
For
the
significance
of
AH*
in
terms
of
red,
green,
yellow.
or
blue
differences
between
standard
and
sample,
refer
to
Fig.
3-2.
To
use
this
diagram:
1.
Divide
the
b*
value
of
the
standard
by
its
a•
value.
2.
Determine
in
which
quadrant
the
standard
is
located
by
reference
to
the
signs
of
its
a•
and
b*
values.
NOTE:
When
t
he
sample
falls
in
quadrant
1
and
the
standard
falls
in
quadrant
4
(or
vice
versa)
add
360°
to
h0
sample
(or
h0
standard)
before
determining
the
sign.
3.
Use
the
value
found
in
#1
to
determine
the
block
letter
of
the
standard
within
its
quadrant.
3-6
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10/
86
SPECIFICATIONS
4.
Read .
the
hue
designated
for
that
block.
If
AH•
is
plus,
the
hue
difference
direction
is
counterclockwise,
if
minus,
it
is
clockwise.
For
example:
For
a
standard
shade
with
values
of
a~
-s.
b
==
+S.
a
hue
difference
from
a
sample
is
AH•
=
+0.4
1)
b•/a•
==
+S/-S
=
-1.0
2)
Negative
a
value
and
positive
b
value
places
the
standard
in
upper
left
quadrant.
3)
Ratio
of
-1.0
found
in
step
1
places
the
standard
in
Block
D
(from
-2.414
to
-0.414).
4)
Since
the
AH•
was
pl
us.
we
read
the
Block
D
hue
change
in
the
counterclockwise
direction.
This
indicates
that
the
sample
is
greener
and
less
yellow
than
standard.
3-7
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