Ingenic JZ4780 Owner's manual

JZ4780
Mobile Application Processor
Programming Manual
Release Date: Jan 6, 2013

JZ4780 Mobile Application Processor
Programming Manual
Copyright © 2005-2013 Ingenic Semiconductor Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
This documentation is provided for use with Ingenic products. No license to Ingenic property rights is
granted. Ingenic assumes no liability, provides no warranty either expressed or implied relating to the
usage, or intellectual property right infringement except as provided for by Ingenic Terms and
Conditions of Sale.
Ingenic products are not designed for and should not be used in any medical or life sustaining or
supporting equipment.
All information in this document should be treated as preliminary. Ingenic may make changes to this
document without notice. Anyone relying on this documentation should contact Ingenic for the current
documentation and errata.
Ingenic Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
Room 108, Building A, Information Center, Zhongguancun Software Park
8 Dongbeiwang West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China,
Tel: 86-10-82826661
Fax: 86-10-82825845
Http: //www.ingenic.cn

CONTENTS
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JZ4780 Mobile Application Processor Cores/Systems Programming Manual
Copyright © 2005-2013 Ingenic Semiconductor Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
CONTENTS
CONTENTS.............................................................................................i
TABLES...................................................................................................i
FIGURES.................................................................................................i
Section 1 Overview
1Overview .......................................................................................... 2
1.1 Block Diagram......................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Features.................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2.1 CPU................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2.2 VPU................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2.3 GPU................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2.4 Display............................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.5 Camera............................................................................................................................ 7
1.2.6 Audio ............................................................................................................................... 7
1.2.7 Memory Interface ............................................................................................................ 9
1.2.8 System............................................................................................................................. 9
1.2.9 Peripheral.......................................................................................................................11
1.2.10 Bootrom......................................................................................................................... 14
1.3 Characteristic........................................................................................................................ 14
Section 2 Core Functions
2CPU................................................................................................ 16
2.1 Overview............................................................................................................................... 16
2.2 CP0 Register Description...................................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 Cores Control (CP0 Register 12, Select 2)................................................................... 16
2.2.2 Cores Status (CP0 Register 12, Select 3)..................................................................... 17
2.2.3 Reset Entry & IRQ Mask (CP0 Register 12, Select 4).................................................. 17
2.2.4 SPINLOCK (CP0 Register 12, Select 5)....................................................................... 18
2.2.5 SPINATOMIC (CP0 Register 12, Select 6) ................................................................... 18
2.2.6 Processor Identification (CP0 Register 15, Select 0).................................................... 19
2.2.7 EBase (CP0 Register 15, Select 1)............................................................................... 19
2.2.8 Config1 Register (CP0 Register 16, Select 1)............................................................... 19
2.2.9 Config7 Register (CP0 Register 16, Select 7)............................................................... 20
2.2.10 Mailbox0 (CP0 Register 20, Select 0)........................................................................... 21
2.2.11 Mailbox1 (CP0 Register 20, Select 1)........................................................................... 21
2.3 Application Notes.................................................................................................................. 21

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JZ4780 Mobile Application Processor Cores/Systems Programming Manual
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2.3.1 Mapping of IRQs observed by CPU core ......................................................................22
2.3.2 EJTAG debug for multiple cores....................................................................................22
3VPU ................................................................................................23
3.1 Block Diagram.......................................................................................................................23
3.2 Features of VPU....................................................................................................................24
3.3 Internal physical address base definition ..............................................................................25
3.4 AUX .......................................................................................................................................26
3.4.1 Register Definition .........................................................................................................26
3.5 TCSM/SRAM.........................................................................................................................29
3.5.1 TCSM/SRAM space usage............................................................................................29
3.6 Video Acceleration Block.......................................................................................................29
4GPU................................................................................................30
4.1 3D graphics ...........................................................................................................................30
4.1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................30
4.1.2 PowerVR SGX Architecture - Key Features ..................................................................30
4.1.3 SGX540 –3D Features .................................................................................................30
4.1.4 SGX540 –Performance.................................................................................................32
4.2 EXtreme 2D...........................................................................................................................32
4.2.1 Overview........................................................................................................................32
4.2.2 Registers Descriptions...................................................................................................33
4.3 Software stack.......................................................................................................................45
Section 3 Display/Camera/Audio
5LCD Controller................................................................................47
5.1 Overview................................................................................................................................47
5.2 Pin Description ......................................................................................................................48
5.3 Block Diagram.......................................................................................................................49
5.4 LCD Display Timing...............................................................................................................51
5.5 OSD Graphic.........................................................................................................................52
5.5.1 Color Key.......................................................................................................................52
5.6 Register Description..............................................................................................................54
5.6.1 Configure Register (LCDCFG).......................................................................................56
5.6.2 Control Register (LCDCTRL).........................................................................................58
5.6.3 Status Register (LCDSTATE).........................................................................................59
5.6.4 OSD Configure Register (LCDOSDC)...........................................................................59
5.6.5 OSD Control Register (LCDOSDCTRL)........................................................................61
5.6.6 OSD State Register (LCDOSDS)...................................................................................61
5.6.7 Background0 Color Register (LCDBGC0).....................................................................62
5.6.8 Background1 Color Register (LCDBGC1).....................................................................62
5.6.9 Foreground Color Key Register 0 (LCDKEY0)..............................................................62

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JZ4780 Mobile Application Processor Cores/Systems Programming Manual
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5.6.10 Foreground Color Key Register 1 (LCDKEY1).............................................................. 63
5.6.11 ALPHA Register (LCDALPHA) ................................................................................... 63
5.6.12 IPU Restart (LCDIPUR)................................................................................................. 64
5.6.13 RGB Control (LCDRGBC) .......................................................................................... 64
5.6.14 Virtual Area Setting (LCDVAT) ...................................................................................... 66
5.6.15 Display Area Horizontal Start/End Point (LCDDAH)...................................................... 66
5.6.16 Display Area Vertical Start/End Point (LCDDAV) .......................................................... 67
5.6.17 Foreground 0 XY Position Register (LCDXYP0)........................................................ 67
5.6.18 Foreground 1 XY Position Register (LCDXYP1)........................................................ 67
5.6.19 Foreground 0 Size Register (LCDSIZE0)................................................................... 68
5.6.20 Foreground 1 Size Register (LCDSIZE1)................................................................... 68
5.6.21 Vertical Synchronize Register (LCDVSYNC) ................................................................ 68
5.6.22 Horizontal Synchronize Register (LCDHSYNC)............................................................ 69
5.6.23 PS Signal Setting (LCDPS)........................................................................................... 69
5.6.24 CLS Signal Setting (LCDCLS) ...................................................................................... 70
5.6.25 SPL Signal Setting (LCDSPL)....................................................................................... 70
5.6.26 REV Signal Setting (LCDREV)...................................................................................... 70
5.6.27 Interrupt ID Register (LCDIID)....................................................................................... 71
5.6.28 Descriptor Address Registers (LCDDAx) ...................................................................... 71
5.6.29 Source Address Registers (LCDSA) ............................................................................. 72
5.6.30 Frame ID Registers (LCDFIDx)..................................................................................... 72
5.6.31 DMA Command Registers (LCDCMDx)........................................................................ 73
5.6.32 DMA OFFSIZE Registers (LCDOFFSx)........................................................................ 74
5.6.33 DMA Page Width Registers (LCDPWx) ........................................................................ 74
5.6.34 DMA Commend Counter Registers (LCDCNUMx) ....................................................... 75
5.6.35 DMA Commend Counter Registers (LCDCPOSx)........................................................ 75
5.6.36 Foreground x Size in Descriptor (LCDDESSIZEx)........................................................ 76
5.6.37 Priority level threshold configure Register (LCDPCFG)................................................ 77
5.6.38 Dual LCDC Channel Control(LCDCDUALCTRL).......................................................... 78
5.6.39 Image Enhancement CFG (LCDENH_CFG)................................................................. 78
5.6.40 Color Space Conversion CFG (LCDENH_CSCCFG) ................................................... 79
5.6.41 LUMA CFG (LCDENH_LUMACFG) .............................................................................. 80
5.6.42 CHROMA0 CFG (LCDENH_CHROCFG0) ................................................................... 81
5.6.43 CHROMA1 CFG (LCDENH_CHROCFG1) ................................................................... 81
5.6.44 DITHER CFG (LCDENH_DITHERCFG)....................................................................... 81
5.6.45 Enhance status (LCDENH_STATUS)............................................................................ 82
5.6.46 GAMMA CFG (LCDENH_GAMMA) .............................................................................. 82
5.6.47 VEE CFG (LCDENH_VEE)........................................................................................... 83
5.7 LCD Controller Pin Mapping................................................................................................. 83
5.7.1 TFT and CCIR Pin Mapping.......................................................................................... 83
5.7.2 Data mapping to GPIO function. ................................................................................... 85
5.8 Display Timing....................................................................................................................... 86
5.8.1 General 16-bit and 18-bit TFT Timing ........................................................................... 86

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JZ4780 Mobile Application Processor Cores/Systems Programming Manual
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5.8.2 8-bit Serial TFT Timing...................................................................................................87
5.8.3 Special TFT Timing........................................................................................................87
5.8.4 Delta RGB panel timing .................................................................................................89
5.8.5 RGB Dummy mode timing.............................................................................................89
5.9 Format of Frame Buffer.........................................................................................................90
5.9.1 16bpp.............................................................................................................................90
5.9.2 18bpp.............................................................................................................................90
5.9.3 24bpp.............................................................................................................................91
5.9.4 16bpp with alpha............................................................................................................91
5.9.5 18bpp with alpha............................................................................................................91
5.9.6 24bpp with alpha............................................................................................................91
5.9.7 24bpp compressed ........................................................................................................91
5.10 Format of Data Pin Utilization................................................................................................92
5.10.1 18-bit Parallel TFT .........................................................................................................92
5.10.2 16-bit Parallel TFT .........................................................................................................92
5.10.3 8-bit Serial TFT (24bpp).................................................................................................92
5.11 LCD Controller Operation......................................................................................................93
5.11.1 Set LCD Controller AHB Clock and Pixel Clock ............................................................93
5.11.2 Enabling the Controller ..................................................................................................93
5.11.3 Disabling the Controller .................................................................................................93
5.11.4 Resetting the Controller.................................................................................................94
5.11.5 Frame Buffer..................................................................................................................94
5.11.6 CCIR601/CCIR656 ........................................................................................................94
5.11.7 OSD Operation ..............................................................................................................94
5.11.8 Descriptor Operation......................................................................................................95
5.11.9 IPU direct connect mode ...............................................................................................96
5.11.10 VGA output.................................................................................................................96
6Smart LCD Controller......................................................................97
6.1 Overview................................................................................................................................97
6.2 Structure................................................................................................................................97
6.3 Pin Description ......................................................................................................................98
6.4 Register Description..............................................................................................................98
6.4.1 SLCD Configure Register (MCFG)................................................................................99
6.4.2 SLCD Control Register (MCTRL) ................................................................................100
6.4.3 SLCD Status Register (MSTATE) ................................................................................101
6.4.4 SLCD Data Register (MDATA).....................................................................................101
6.5 System Memory Format......................................................................................................102
6.5.1 Data format..................................................................................................................102
6.5.2 Command Format........................................................................................................102
6.6 Transfer Mode .....................................................................................................................103
6.6.1 DMATransfer Mode.....................................................................................................103
6.6.2 Register Transfer Mode ...............................................................................................104

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JZ4780 Mobile Application Processor Cores/Systems Programming Manual
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6.7 Timing ................................................................................................................................. 104
6.7.1 Parallel Timing............................................................................................................. 104
6.7.2 Serial Timing................................................................................................................ 105
6.8 Operation Guide.................................................................................................................. 105
6.8.1 DMA Operation............................................................................................................ 105
6.8.2 Register Operation ...................................................................................................... 106
7Decompresser.............................................................................. 107
7.1 Overview............................................................................................................................. 107
7.2 Compress Method............................................................................................................... 107
7.3 Operation Guide.................................................................................................................. 109
8Image Enhancement .....................................................................110
8.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................110
8.2 Operation Guide...................................................................................................................110
9Image Process Unit.......................................................................111
9.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................111
9.1.1 Feature.........................................................................................................................111
9.2 Block ....................................................................................................................................112
9.3 Data flow..............................................................................................................................112
9.3.1 Input data......................................................................................................................112
9.3.2 Output data...................................................................................................................112
9.3.3 Resize Coefficients LUT...............................................................................................112
9.4 Registers Descriptions.........................................................................................................113
9.4.1 IPU global Control Register..........................................................................................114
9.4.2 IPU OSD Control Register............................................................................................114
9.4.3 IPU Frame Control Register.........................................................................................115
9.4.4 IPU Status Register......................................................................................................116
9.4.5 IPU trigger register .......................................................................................................117
9.4.6 IPU register configure enable control register..............................................................117
9.4.7 Data Format Register...................................................................................................118
9.4.8 Input Y Data Address Register.....................................................................................119
9.4.9 Input U Data Address Register.................................................................................... 120
9.4.10 Input V Data Address Register.................................................................................... 120
9.4.11 Input source TLB base address .................................................................................. 121
9.4.12 Destination TLB base address.................................................................................... 121
9.4.13 Input Y Data Address of next frame Register.............................................................. 122
9.4.14 Input U Data Address of next frame Register.............................................................. 122
9.4.15 Input V Data Address of next frame Register.............................................................. 122
9.4.16 Source TLB base address of next frame..................................................................... 123
9.4.17 Destination TLB base address of next frame.............................................................. 123
9.4.18 ADDRESS Mapping.................................................................................................... 124

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JZ4780 Mobile Application Processor Cores/Systems Programming Manual
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9.4.19 Input Geometric Size Register.....................................................................................124
9.4.20 Input Y Data Line Stride Register ................................................................................125
9.4.21 Input UV Data Line Stride Register..............................................................................125
9.4.22 Output Frame Start Address Register..........................................................................125
9.4.23 Output Data Address of next frame Register...............................................................126
9.4.24 Output Frame offset on screan Register .....................................................................126
9.4.25 Output Geometric Size Register..................................................................................127
9.4.26 Output Data Line Stride Register.................................................................................127
9.4.27 CSC C0 Coefficient Register .......................................................................................128
9.4.28 CSC C1 Coefficient Register .......................................................................................128
9.4.29 CSC C2 Coefficient Register .......................................................................................129
9.4.30 CSC C3 Coefficient Register .......................................................................................129
9.4.31 CSC C4 Coefficient Register .......................................................................................129
9.4.32 Resize Coefficients Table Index Register ....................................................................130
9.4.33 Horizontal Resize Coefficients Look Up Table Register group....................................130
9.4.34 Vertical Resize Coefficients Look Up Table Register group ........................................135
9.4.35 Calculation for Resized width and height ....................................................................136
9.4.36 CSC Offset Parameter Register ..................................................................................137
9.5 IPU Operation Flow.............................................................................................................138
9.5.1 Data out to frame buffer...............................................................................................138
9.5.2 Data out to lcdc............................................................................................................139
9.5.3 Operation example ......................................................................................................140
9.6 Special Instruction ...............................................................................................................142
9.6.1 Resizing size feature ...................................................................................................142
9.6.2 Color convention feature..............................................................................................142
9.6.3 YUV/YCbCr to RGB CSC Equations...........................................................................143
9.6.4 Output data package format (RGB order)....................................................................143
9.6.5 Input data package format (RGB order) ......................................................................144
9.6.6 Source Data storing format in external memory (separated YUV Frame)...................144
10 LVDS Controller ............................................................................146
10.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................146
10.2 Register Description............................................................................................................146
10.2.1 TXCTRL (LVDS Transmitter Control Register) ............................................................146
10.2.2 TXPLL0 (LVDS Transmitter‘s PLL Control Register 0) ................................................148
10.2.3 TXPLL1 (LVDS Transmitter‘s PLL Control Register 0) ................................................149
10.2.4 TXECTRL (LVDS Transmitter‘s Enhance Control) ......................................................149
10.3 Operate Description ............................................................................................................150
10.3.1 Operate Mode..............................................................................................................150
10.3.2 LVDS Output Amplitude Control ..................................................................................150
10.3.3 LVDS Input Clock Edge-Delay Control........................................................................151
10.3.4 Output data start-edge Control....................................................................................152
10.3.5 PLL Input Divider Value Setting...................................................................................152

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JZ4780 Mobile Application Processor Cores/Systems Programming Manual
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10.3.6 PLL Feedback Divider Value Setting........................................................................... 152
10.3.7 VCO Gain Calibration.................................................................................................. 153
10.3.8 PLL Output Clock Frequency Setting.......................................................................... 153
10.3.9 LVDS-LCDC RGB Data Mapping................................................................................ 153
10.3.10 LVDS VESA/JEIDA Mode........................................................................................ 154
10.4 Operate Flow ...................................................................................................................... 155
10.4.1 Power Down Mode...................................................................................................... 155
10.4.2 LVDS Output Mode ..................................................................................................... 156
10.4.3 RGB CMOS Output Mode........................................................................................... 156
11 Camera Interface Module............................................................. 157
11.1 Overview............................................................................................................................. 157
11.1.1 Features ...................................................................................................................... 157
11.1.2 Pin Description ............................................................................................................ 157
11.2 CIM Special Register .......................................................................................................... 158
11.2.1 CIM Register Map ....................................................................................................... 158
11.2.2 CIM Configuration Register (CIMCFG) ....................................................................... 158
11.2.3 CIM Control Register (CIMCR) ................................................................................... 161
11.2.4 CIM Control Register 2 (CIMCR2) .............................................................................. 162
11.2.5 CIM Status Register (CIMST)...................................................................................... 164
11.2.6 CIM Interrupt Mask Register (CIMIMR)....................................................................... 166
11.2.7 CIM Interrupt ID Register (CIMIID).............................................................................. 166
11.2.8 CIM Descriptor Address (CIMDA) ............................................................................... 167
11.2.9 CIM Frame buffer Address Register (CIMFA) ............................................................. 167
11.2.10 CIM Frame ID Register (CIMFID)............................................................................ 168
11.2.11 CIM DMA Command Register (CIMCMD)............................................................... 168
11.2.12 CIM Window Size (CIMWSIZE)............................................................................... 169
11.2.13 CIM Window Offset (CIMWOFFSET)...................................................................... 170
11.2.14 CIM Frame Size Register (CIMFS) ......................................................................... 170
11.2.15 CIM Y Frame buffer Address Register (CIMYFA).................................................... 171
11.2.16 CIM Y DMA Command Register (CIMYCMD)......................................................... 171
11.2.17 CIM Cb Frame buffer Address Register (CIMCBFA)............................................... 172
11.2.18 CIM Cb DMA Command Register (CIMCBCMD).................................................... 172
11.2.19 CIM Cr Frame buffer Address Register (CIMCRFA) ............................................... 173
11.2.20 CIM Cr DMA Command Register (CIMCRCMD)..................................................... 173
11.2.21 CIM TLB Control Register (CIMTC) ........................................................................ 174
11.2.22 CIM TLB Index Register (CIMTINX)........................................................................ 174
11.2.23 CIM TLB Content Register (CIMTCNT)................................................................... 175
11.3 CIM Data Sampling Modes................................................................................................. 175
11.3.1 Gated Clock Mode....................................................................................................... 175
11.3.2 ITU656 Interlace Mode................................................................................................ 176
11.3.3 ITU656 Progressive Mode........................................................................................... 177
11.4 DMA Descriptors................................................................................................................. 178

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11.4.1 4-Word Descriptor........................................................................................................178
11.4.2 8-Word Descriptor........................................................................................................178
11.5 Interrupt Generation ............................................................................................................179
11.6 Software Operation..............................................................................................................180
11.6.1 Enable CIM with DMA..................................................................................................180
11.6.2 Enable CIM without DMA.............................................................................................180
11.6.3 Disable CIM .................................................................................................................180
12 AC97/I2S/SPDIF Controller...........................................................181
12.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................181
12.1.1 Block Diagram..............................................................................................................182
12.1.2 Features.......................................................................................................................182
12.1.3 Interface Diagram ........................................................................................................183
12.1.4 Signal Descriptions......................................................................................................186
12.2 Register Descriptions ..........................................................................................................188
12.2.1 AIC Configuration Register (AICFR)............................................................................190
12.2.2 AIC Common Control Register (AICCR) .....................................................................193
12.2.3 AIC AC-link Control Register 1 (ACCR1).....................................................................196
12.2.4 AIC AC-link Control Register 2 (ACCR2).....................................................................197
12.2.5 AIC I2S/MSB-justified Control Register (I2SCR).........................................................198
12.2.6 AIC Controller FIFO Status Register (AICSR).............................................................199
12.2.7 AIC AC-link Status Register (ACSR)............................................................................201
12.2.8 AIC I2S/MSB-justified Status Register (I2SSR)...........................................................202
12.2.9 AIC AC97 CODEC Command Address & Data Register (ACCAR, ACCDR)..............203
12.2.10 AIC AC97 CODEC Status Address & Data Register (ACSAR, ACSDR) .................204
12.2.11 AIC I2S/MSB-justified Clock Divider Register (I2SDIV)...........................................205
12.2.12 AIC FIFO Data Port Register (AICDR).....................................................................205
12.2.13 SPDIF Enable Register (SPENA)............................................................................206
12.2.14 SPDIF Control Register (SPCTRL)..........................................................................206
12.2.15 SPDIF State Register (SPSTATE) ...........................................................................208
12.2.16 SPDIF Configure 1 Register (SPCFG1) ..................................................................208
12.2.17 SPDIF Configure 2 Register (SPCFG2) ..................................................................209
12.2.18 SPDIF FIFO Register (SPFIFO) ..............................................................................211
12.3 Serial Interface Protocol......................................................................................................211
12.3.1 AC-link serial data format ............................................................................................211
12.3.2 I2S and MSB-justified serial audio format ...................................................................212
12.3.3 Audio sample data placement in SDATA_IN/SDATA_OUT .........................................214
12.3.4 SPDIF Protocol............................................................................................................216
12.4AC97/I2S Operation ............................................................................................................216
12.4.1 Initialization..................................................................................................................217
12.4.2 AC ‘97 CODEC Power Down.......................................................................................218
12.4.3 Cold and Warm AC ‘97 CODEC Reset........................................................................218
12.4.4 External CODEC Registers Access Operation............................................................219

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12.4.5 Audio Replay............................................................................................................... 220
12.4.6 Audio Record............................................................................................................... 221
12.4.7 FIFOs operation .......................................................................................................... 222
12.4.8 Data Flow Control........................................................................................................ 224
12.4.9 Audio Samples format................................................................................................. 225
12.4.10 Serial Audio Clocks and Sampling Frequencies ..................................................... 227
12.4.11 Interrupts.................................................................................................................. 231
12.5 SPDIF Guide....................................................................................................................... 231
12.5.1 Set SPDIF clock frequency ......................................................................................... 231
12.5.2 PCM audio mode operation (Reference IEC60958) ................................................... 231
12.5.3 Non-PCM mode operation (Reference IEC61937) ..................................................... 232
12.5.4 Disable operation ........................................................................................................ 232
13 PCM Interface .............................................................................. 233
13.1 Overview............................................................................................................................. 233
13.2 Pin Description.................................................................................................................... 233
13.3 Block Diagram..................................................................................................................... 234
13.4 Register Description............................................................................................................ 234
13.4.1 PCM Control Register (PCMCTL)............................................................................... 234
13.4.2 PCM Configuration Register (PCMCFG) .................................................................... 236
13.4.3 PCM FIFO DATA PORT REGISTER (PCMDP) .......................................................... 237
13.4.4 PCM INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER (PCMINTC)............................................. 237
13.4.5 PCM INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER (PCMINTS)................................................. 238
13.4.6 PCM CLOCK DIVIDE REGISTER (PCMDIV)............................................................. 239
13.5 PCM Interface Timing ......................................................................................................... 240
13.5.1 Short Frame SYN........................................................................................................ 240
13.5.2 Long Frame SYN......................................................................................................... 241
13.5.3 Multi-Slot Operation..................................................................................................... 242
13.6 PCM Operation ................................................................................................................... 242
13.6.1 PCM Initialization......................................................................................................... 242
13.6.2 Audio Replay............................................................................................................... 243
13.6.3 Audio Record............................................................................................................... 243
13.6.4 FIFOs operation .......................................................................................................... 244
13.6.5 Data Flow Control........................................................................................................ 245
13.6.6 PCM Serial Clocks and Sampling Frequencies .......................................................... 245
13.6.7 Interrupts ..................................................................................................................... 246
14 Internal CODEC Interface............................................................. 247
14.1 Overview............................................................................................................................. 247
14.2 Features.............................................................................................................................. 247
14.2.1 Signal Descriptions...................................................................................................... 248
14.2.2 Block Diagram............................................................................................................. 249
14.2.3 Application schematic.................................................................................................. 250

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14.3 Mapped Register Descriptions............................................................................................251
14.3.1 CODEC internal register access control (RGADW).....................................................251
14.3.2 CODEC internal register data output (RGDATA).........................................................252
14.4 Operation.............................................................................................................................253
14.4.1 Access to internal registers of the embedded CODEC ...............................................253
14.4.2 CODEC controlling and typical operations ..................................................................253
14.4.3 Power saving ...............................................................................................................254
14.4.4 Pop noise and the reduction of it.................................................................................254
14.5 Timing parameters...............................................................................................................255
14.6 C parameters.......................................................................................................................256
14.7 CODEC internal Registers ..................................................................................................257
14.7.1 CODEC internal registers ............................................................................................258
14.8 Programmable gains ...........................................................................................................285
14.8.1 Programmable boost gain: GIM...................................................................................285
14.8.2 Programmable input gain amplifier: GID .....................................................................286
14.8.3 Programmable digital attenuation: GOD......................................................................286
14.8.4 Programmable attenuation: GO...................................................................................287
14.8.5 Programmable Bypass path attenuation: GI................................................................288
14.8.6 Programmable digital mixer gain: GIMIX and GOMIX.................................................288
14.8.7 Gain refresh strategy ...................................................................................................289
14.9 Configuration of the headphone output stage.....................................................................289
14.10 Out-of-band noise filtering...................................................................................................289
14.11 Output short-circuit protection (headphone output).............................................................290
14.11.1 Indication of the short circuit detection ....................................................................290
14.11.2 Reset of short circuit detection.................................................................................290
14.11.3 Capacitor-coupled headphone connection ..............................................................290
14.12 Sampling frequency: FREQ.................................................................................................290
14.13 Programmable data word length.........................................................................................291
14.14 Ramping system note..........................................................................................................291
14.15 AGC system guide ..............................................................................................................292
14.15.1 AGC operating mode ...............................................................................................292
14.16 Digital Mixer description ......................................................................................................295
14.17 Digital microphone interface................................................................................................296
14.17.1 Timing Diagram........................................................................................................297
14.17.2 Timings.....................................................................................................................297
14.17.3 Noise template (TBC) ..............................................................................................298
14.18 CODEC Operating modes...................................................................................................298
14.18.1 Power-On mode and Power-Off mode ....................................................................299
14.18.2 RESET mode...........................................................................................................299
14.18.3 STANDBY mode ......................................................................................................300
14.18.4 SLEEP mode............................................................................................................300
14.18.5 Initial all the gain ......................................................................................................301
14.18.6 Soft Mute mode........................................................................................................301

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14.18.7 Power-Down mode and ACTIVE mode................................................................... 302
14.18.8 Working modes summary........................................................................................ 302
14.19 SYS_CLK turn-off and turn-on............................................................................................ 303
14.20 Requirements on outputs and inputs selection and power-down modes ........................... 304
14.21 Anti-pop operation sequences............................................................................................ 304
14.21.1 Initialization and configuration................................................................................. 304
14.21.2 Start up sequence (DAC)......................................................................................... 304
14.21.3 Shutdown sequence (DAC)..................................................................................... 306
14.21.4 Start up sequence (Line input) ................................................................................ 307
14.21.5 Shutdown sequence (Line input)............................................................................. 308
14.22 Circuits design suggestions................................................................................................ 309
14.22.1 Avoid quiet ground common currents...................................................................... 309
14.22.2 Headphone connection (Capacitor-coupled)........................................................... 310
14.22.3 Microphone connection ........................................................................................... 310
14.22.4 Description of the connections to the jack............................................................... 313
14.22.5 PCB considerations................................................................................................. 314
14.23 Analog characteristics......................................................................................................... 315
14.23.1 Line input to audio ADC path................................................................................... 315
14.23.2 Audio DAC to headphone output path..................................................................... 316
14.23.3 Audio DAC to mono line output path....................................................................... 318
14.23.4 Line input to headphone output path (analog bypass)............................................ 318
14.23.5 Micbias and reference............................................................................................. 320
Section 4 Memory Interface
15 DDR Controller............................................................................. 322
15.1 Overview............................................................................................................................. 322
15.1.1 Supported DDR SDRAM Types .................................................................................. 322
15.1.2 Block Diagram............................................................................................................. 322
15.2 Register Description............................................................................................................ 323
15.2.1 DSTATUS .................................................................................................................... 325
15.2.2 DCFG .......................................................................................................................... 326
15.2.3 DCTRL......................................................................................................................... 328
15.2.4 DLMR .......................................................................................................................... 331
15.2.5 DTIMING1,2,3,4,5,6 (DDR Timing Configure Register).............................................. 333
15.2.6 DREFCNT (DDR Auto-Refresh Counter).................................................................... 336
15.2.7 DMMAP0,1 (DDR Memory Map Configure Register) ................................................. 337
15.2.8 DDLP (DDR DFI low power handshake control register)............................................ 338
15.2.9 DREMAP1,2,3,4,5 (DDR Address Remapping Register 1,2,3,4,5) ............................ 339
15.2.10 WCMDCTRL1 (Performance wcmd reorder & grouping)........................................ 340
15.2.11 RCMDCTRL0 (Performance rcmd request control) ................................................ 341
15.2.12 RCMDCTRL1 (Performance rcmd request control) ................................................ 343
15.2.13 WDATTHD0 (performance wcmd request control).................................................. 343

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15.2.14 WDATTHD1 (performance wcmd request control) ..................................................344
15.2.15 IPORTPRI (performance priority control).................................................................344
15.2.16 CHQOS0,1,2,3,4,5 (performance QoS control).......................................................346
15.2.17 CPM_DRCG.............................................................................................................347
15.3 Functional Description.........................................................................................................347
15.3.1 DDRC and DDR2 Memory Initialization Sequence .....................................................347
15.4 Change Clock Frequency....................................................................................................348
15.4.1 Manually SELF-REFRESH Mode................................................................................348
15.4.2 CPM driven SELF-REFRESH Mode............................................................................348
15.4.3 DLL bypass mode........................................................................................................349
15.5 Data Endian.........................................................................................................................349
15.6 DDR Connection Diagrams.................................................................................................349
15.6.1 Connection to one 512Mb x16 DDR2 device ..............................................................349
15.6.2 Connection to two 512Mb x16 DDR2 devices.............................................................350
16 External NAND Memory Controller................................................351
16.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................351
16.2 Pin Description ....................................................................................................................351
16.3 Physical Address Space Map..............................................................................................352
16.4 Static Memory Interface.......................................................................................................355
16.4.1 Register Description ....................................................................................................355
16.4.2 Example of Connection................................................................................................360
16.4.3 Basic Interface.............................................................................................................361
16.4.4 Burst ROM Interface....................................................................................................364
16.5 NAND Flash Interface .........................................................................................................365
16.5.1 Register Description ....................................................................................................365
16.5.2 NAND Flash Boot Loader ............................................................................................381
16.5.3 NAND Flash Operation................................................................................................382
16.5.4 Example of Toggle NAND Flash Access......................................................................383
17 BCH Controller..............................................................................385
17.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................385
17.2 Register Description............................................................................................................387
17.2.1 BCH Control Register (BHCR).....................................................................................387
17.2.2 BCH Control Set Register (BHCSR)............................................................................388
17.2.3 BCH Control Clear Register (BHCCR) ........................................................................389
17.2.4 BCH ENC/DEC Count Register (BHCNT)...................................................................389
17.2.5 BCH Data Register (BHDR).........................................................................................390
17.2.6 BCH Parity Register (BHPARn, n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…26, 27) .........................................390
17.2.7 BCH Error Report Register (BHERRn, n=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,…,61,62,63) .......................391
17.2.8 BCH Interrupt Status Register (BHINT).......................................................................392
17.2.9 BCH Interrupt Enable Set Register (BHINTES)...........................................................394
17.2.10 BCH Interrupt Enable Clear Register (BHINTEC) ...................................................394

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17.2.11 BCH Interrupt Enable Register (BHINTE)............................................................... 395
17.2.12 BCH User TAG OUTPUT Register (BHTO)............................................................. 396
17.3 BCH Operation.................................................................................................................... 396
17.3.1 Encoding Sequence .................................................................................................... 396
17.3.2 Decoding Sequence.................................................................................................... 398
Section 5 System Functions
18 Clock Reset and Power Controller................................................ 401
18.1 Overview............................................................................................................................. 401
18.1.1 CGU Block Diagram.................................................................................................... 402
18.1.2 CGU Registers ............................................................................................................ 404
18.1.3 PLL Operation ............................................................................................................. 440
18.1.4 Main Clock Division Change Sequence...................................................................... 441
18.2 Power Manager................................................................................................................... 441
18.2.1 Low-Power Modes and Function................................................................................. 441
18.2.2 Register Description.................................................................................................... 442
18.2.3 Doze Mode.................................................................................................................. 455
18.2.4 IDLE Mode .................................................................................................................. 456
18.2.5 SLEEP Mode............................................................................................................... 456
18.2.6 Power Down Mode...................................................................................................... 456
18.3 Reset Control Module......................................................................................................... 457
18.3.1 Register Description.................................................................................................... 457
18.3.2 Power On Reset.......................................................................................................... 458
18.3.3 WDT Reset.................................................................................................................. 458
19 Timer/Counter Unit ....................................................................... 459
19.1 Overview............................................................................................................................. 459
19.2 Pin Description.................................................................................................................... 459
19.3 Register Description............................................................................................................ 459
19.3.1 Timer Control Register (TCSR)................................................................................... 461
19.3.2 Timer Data FULL Register (TDFR).............................................................................. 463
19.3.3 Timer Data HALF Register (TDHR)............................................................................. 464
19.3.4 Timer Counter (TCNT)................................................................................................. 464
19.3.5 Timer Counter Enable Register (TER)........................................................................ 464
19.3.6 Timer Counter Enable Set Register (TESR) ............................................................... 465
19.3.7 Timer Counter Enable Clear Register (TECR)............................................................ 466
19.3.8 Timer Flag Register (TFR) .......................................................................................... 467
19.3.9 Timer Flag Set Register (TFSR).................................................................................. 468
19.3.10 Timer Flag Clear Register (TFCR) .......................................................................... 469
19.3.11 Timer Mast Register (TMR)..................................................................................... 470
19.3.12 Timer Mask Set Register (TMSR) ........................................................................... 471
19.3.13 Timer Mask Clear Register (TMCR)........................................................................ 471

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19.3.14 Timer Stop Register (TSR).......................................................................................472
19.3.15 Timer Stop Set Register (TSSR)..............................................................................473
19.3.16 Timer Stop Clear Register (TSCR) ..........................................................................474
19.3.17 Timer Status Register (TSTR)..................................................................................475
19.3.18 Timer Status Set Register (TSTSR).........................................................................476
19.3.19 Timer Status Clear Register (TSTCR) .....................................................................476
19.3.20 Timer control mode Register (TCUMOD) ................................................................477
19.3.21 Timer fifo write data (TFWD)....................................................................................478
19.3.22 Timer fifo state Register (TFIFOSR)........................................................................478
19.4 Operation.............................................................................................................................479
19.4.1 Basic Operation in TCU1 Mode...................................................................................479
19.4.2 Disable and Shutdown Operation in TCU1 Mode........................................................479
19.4.3 Basic Operation in TCU2 Mode...................................................................................479
19.4.4 Disable and Shutdown Operation in TCU2 Mode........................................................480
19.4.5 Read Counter in TCU2 Mode ......................................................................................480
19.4.6 Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) ....................................................................................481
19.4.7 Trackball Input Waveform Detect.................................................................................481
19.4.8 Basic Operation in FIFO Mode 1.................................................................................482
19.4.9 Basic Operation in FIFO Mode 2.................................................................................482
20 Operating System Timer................................................................484
20.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................484
20.2 Register Description............................................................................................................485
20.2.1 Operating System Control Register (OSTCSR) ..........................................................485
20.2.2 Operating System Timer Data Register (OSTDR).......................................................486
20.2.3 Operating System Timer Counter (OSTCNTH, OSTCNTL) ........................................487
20.2.4 Operating System Timer Counter high 32 bits buffer (OSTCNTHBUF) ......................487
20.3 Operation.............................................................................................................................487
20.3.1 Basic Operation ...........................................................................................................487
20.3.2 Disable and Shutdown Operation................................................................................488
21 Interrupt Controller........................................................................489
21.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................489
21.2 Register Description............................................................................................................489
21.2.1 Interrupt Controller Source Register (ICSR0)..............................................................490
21.2.2 Interrupt Controller Source Register (ICSR1)..............................................................490
21.2.3 Interrupt Controller Mask Register (ICMR0)................................................................490
21.2.4 Interrupt Controller Mask Register (ICMR1)................................................................491
21.2.5 Interrupt Controller Mask Set Register (ICMSR0) .......................................................491
21.2.6 Interrupt Controller Mask Set Register (ICMSR1) .......................................................492
21.2.7 Interrupt Controller Mask Clear Register (ICMCR0)....................................................492
21.2.8 Interrupt Controller Mask Clear Register (ICMCR1)....................................................492
21.2.9 Interrupt Controller Pending Register (ICPR0)............................................................493

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21.2.10 Interrupt Controller Pending Register (ICPR1)........................................................ 493
21.2.11 Interrupt Source Register0 for PDMA (DSR0)......................................................... 494
21.2.12 Interrupt Mask Register0 for PDMA (DMR0)........................................................... 494
21.2.13 Interrupt Pending Register0 for PDMA (DPR0)....................................................... 494
21.2.14 Interrupt Source Register1 to PDMA (DSR1).......................................................... 495
21.2.15 Interrupt Mask Register1 for PDMA (DMR1)........................................................... 495
21.2.16 Interrupt Pending Register1 for PDMA (DPR1)....................................................... 496
21.3 Software Considerations..................................................................................................... 496
22 Watchdog Timer ........................................................................... 498
22.1 Overview............................................................................................................................. 498
22.2 Register Description............................................................................................................ 498
22.2.1 Watchdog Control Register (TCSR)............................................................................ 498
22.2.2 Watchdog Enable Register (TCER) ............................................................................ 499
22.2.3 Watchdog Timer Data Register (TDR) ........................................................................ 500
22.2.4 Watchdog Timer Counter (TCNT) ............................................................................... 500
22.3 Watchdog Timer Function................................................................................................... 500
23 PDMA Controller........................................................................... 502
23.1 Features.............................................................................................................................. 502
23.2 Block Diagram..................................................................................................................... 502
23.3 Memory Mapped Register Descriptions.............................................................................. 503
23.3.1 DMA Channel Registers.............................................................................................. 503
23.3.2 Global Control Registers............................................................................................. 503
23.4 DMA Channel Register Definition ....................................................................................... 504
23.4.1 DMA Source Address (DSAn, n = 0 ~ 31)................................................................... 504
23.4.2 DMATarget Address (DTAn, n = 0 ~ 31)..................................................................... 504
23.4.3 DMATransfer Count (DTCn, n = 0 ~ 31)..................................................................... 504
23.4.4 DMA Request Types (DRTn, n = 0 ~ 31) .................................................................... 505
23.4.5 DMA Channel Control/Status (DCSn, n = 0 ~ 31)....................................................... 506
23.4.6 DMA Channel Command (DCMn, n = 0 ~ 31) ............................................................ 507
23.4.7 DMA Descriptor Address (DDAn, n = 0 ~ 31).............................................................. 512
23.4.8 DMA Stride Difference (DSDn, n = 0 ~ 31).................................................................. 512
23.5 DMA Global Register Definition .......................................................................................... 512
23.5.1 DMA Control ................................................................................................................ 512
23.5.2 DMA Interrupt Pending (DIRQP) ................................................................................. 514
23.5.3 DMA Doorbell (DDB) ................................................................................................... 514
23.5.4 DMA Doorbell Set (DDS)............................................................................................. 514
23.5.5 DMA Channel Programmable (DMACP)..................................................................... 515
23.5.6 DMA Soft IRQ Pending................................................................................................ 515
23.5.7 DMA Soft IRQ Mask .................................................................................................... 516
23.5.8 DMA Channel IRQ Pending to MCU ........................................................................... 516
23.5.9 DMA Channel IRQ to MCU Mask................................................................................ 516

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23.5.10 Programmable Channel Bound With INTC_IRQ .....................................................517
23.5.11 Special Channel 0 and Channel 1 ...........................................................................517
23.6 MCU ....................................................................................................................................518
23.6.1 MCU Control & Status..................................................................................................518
23.6.2 MCU Normal MailBox ..................................................................................................518
23.6.3 MCU Security MailBox.................................................................................................519
23.6.4 MCU Interrupt ..............................................................................................................519
23.6.5 Multiple Bank Tightly Coupled Sharing Memory..........................................................520
23.6.6 Security ROM & Security RAM....................................................................................520
23.6.7 CP0 Registers of MCU ................................................................................................520
23.6.8 Normal Exceptions Accepted by MCU.........................................................................521
23.6.9 How to Boot MCU Up ..................................................................................................521
23.6.10 SecurityCall Accepted by MCU................................................................................521
23.6.11 Interruptable SMD Mode..........................................................................................522
23.7 DMA manipulation ...............................................................................................................523
23.7.1 Descriptor Transfer Mode ............................................................................................523
23.7.2 No-Descriptor Transfer Mode ......................................................................................526
23.8 DMA Requests.....................................................................................................................526
23.8.1 Auto Request...............................................................................................................527
23.8.2 On-Chip Peripheral Request........................................................................................527
23.9 How to Use Programmable DMA Channel..........................................................................527
24 SAR A/D Controller .......................................................................528
24.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................528
24.2 Register Description............................................................................................................529
24.2.1 ADC Enable Register (ADENA)...................................................................................529
24.2.2 ADC Configure Register (ADCFG)..............................................................................530
24.2.3 ADC Control Register (ADCTRL) ................................................................................532
24.2.4 ADC Status Register (ADSTATE) ................................................................................533
24.2.5 ADC Same Point Time Register (ADSAME)................................................................534
24.2.6 ADC Wait Pen Down Time Register (ADWAIT)...........................................................534
24.2.7 ADC Touch Screen Data Register (ADTCH) ...............................................................534
24.2.8 ADC VBAT Data Register (ADVDAT) ..........................................................................537
24.2.9 ADC AUX Data Register (ADADAT) ............................................................................537
24.2.10 ADC Clock Divide Register (ADCLK) ......................................................................538
24.2.11 ADC Command Register (ADCMD).........................................................................539
24.3 SAR A/D Controller Guide...................................................................................................540
24.3.1 Power Down Mode ......................................................................................................540
24.3.2 A Sample Touch Screen Operation..............................................................................540
24.3.3 SLEEP mode Sample Operation.................................................................................541
24.3.4 VBAT Sample Operation..............................................................................................542
24.3.5 AUX Sample Operation ...............................................................................................542
24.3.6 Disable Touch Screen..................................................................................................542

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JZ4780 Mobile Application Processor Cores/Systems Programming Manual
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24.3.7 Multi-touch Operation.................................................................................................. 542
24.3.8 Use Software Command Operation ............................................................................ 543
24.3.9 Use 5-wire touch panel Operation............................................................................... 543
24.3.10 Use External Touch Screen Controller Operation ................................................... 543
24.3.11 Use TSC to support keypad .................................................................................... 543
25 Real Time Clock ........................................................................... 549
25.1 Overview............................................................................................................................. 549
25.1.1 Features ...................................................................................................................... 549
25.1.2 Signal Descriptions...................................................................................................... 549
25.2 Register Description............................................................................................................ 550
25.2.1 RTC Control Register (RTCCR).................................................................................. 551
25.2.2 RTC Second Register (RTCSR).................................................................................. 553
25.2.3 RTC Second Alarm Register (RTCSAR)..................................................................... 553
25.2.4 RTC Regulator Register (RTCGR).............................................................................. 553
25.2.5 Hibernate Control Register (HCR) .............................................................................. 554
25.2.6 HIBERNATE mode Wakeup Filter Counter Register (HWFCR).................................. 555
25.2.7 Hibernate Reset Counter Register (HRCR)................................................................ 555
25.2.8 HIBERNATE Wakeup Control Register (HWCR)........................................................ 556
25.2.9 HIBERNATE Wakeup Status Register (HWRSR) ....................................................... 556
25.2.10 Hibernate Scratch Pattern Register (HSPR)........................................................... 558
25.2.11 Write Enable Pattern Register (WENR) .................................................................. 558
25.2.12 CLK32K Pin control register (CKPCR).................................................................... 559
25.2.13 OWI Pin control register (OWIPCR)........................................................................ 560
25.2.14 Power on control register (PWRONCR).................................................................. 561
25.3 Time Regulation.................................................................................................................. 561
25.4 Operate Mode..................................................................................................................... 562
25.4.1 Normal Mode............................................................................................................... 562
25.4.2 HIBERNATE Mode...................................................................................................... 563
25.5 Clock select......................................................................................................................... 563
26 EFUSE Slave Interface (EFUSE).................................................. 565
26.1 Overview............................................................................................................................. 565
26.2 Register Description............................................................................................................ 565
26.2.1 EFUSE Control Register (EFUCTRL)......................................................................... 566
26.2.2 EFUSE Configure Register (EFUCFG)....................................................................... 567
26.2.3 EFUSE Status Register (EFUSTATE)......................................................................... 567
26.2.4 EFUSE Data Register (EFUDATAn)............................................................................ 568
26.3 Flow..................................................................................................................................... 570
26.3.1 Write EFUSE Flow ...................................................................................................... 570
26.3.2 Write Security Key Flow .............................................................................................. 570
26.3.3 Read EFUSE Flow ...................................................................................................... 570
26.3.4 Read Security Key/Random Number Flow ................................................................. 571

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Section 6 Peripherals
27 TS Slave Interface (TSSI) .............................................................573
27.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................573
27.2 Pin Description ....................................................................................................................573
27.3 Register Description............................................................................................................573
27.3.1 TSSI Enable Register (TSENA)...................................................................................574
27.3.2 TSSI Configure Register (TSCFG)..............................................................................575
27.3.3 TSSI Control Register (TSCTRL) ................................................................................577
27.3.4 TSSI State Register (TSSTAT).....................................................................................578
27.3.5 TSSI FIFO Register (TSFIFO).....................................................................................578
27.3.6 TSSI PID Enable Register (TSPEN)............................................................................578
27.3.7 TSSI Data Number Register (TSNUM)........................................................................579
27.3.8 TSSI Data Trigger Register (TSDTR)..........................................................................579
27.3.9 TSSI PID Filter Registers (TSPID0~15) ......................................................................580
27.3.10 TSSI DMA Descriptor Address (TSDDA).................................................................580
27.3.11 TSSI DMA Target Address (TSDTA) ........................................................................581
27.3.12 TSSI DMA Identifier (TSDID)...................................................................................581
27.3.13 TSSI DMA Command (TSDCMD)............................................................................581
27.3.14 TSST DMA Status (TSDST).....................................................................................582
27.3.15 TSSI Transfer Control Register (TSTC)...................................................................583
27.4 TSSI Timing.........................................................................................................................584
27.5 TSSI Guide..........................................................................................................................584
27.5.1 TSSI Operation without PID Filtering Function............................................................584
27.5.2 TSSI Operation with PID Filtering Function.................................................................585
28 General-Purpose I/O Ports............................................................586
28.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................586
28.1.1 GPIO Port A Summary.................................................................................................586
28.1.2 GPIO Port B Summary ................................................................................................587
28.1.3 GPIO Port C Summary ................................................................................................588
28.1.4 GPIO Port D Summary ................................................................................................589
28.1.5 GPIO Port E Summary ................................................................................................590
28.1.6 GPIO Port F Summary.................................................................................................591
28.2 Registers Description ..........................................................................................................593
28.2.1 PORT PIN Level Registers (PxPIN) ............................................................................597
28.2.2 PORT Interrupt Registers (PxINT)...............................................................................598
28.2.3 PORT Interrupt Set Registers (PxINTS)......................................................................598
28.2.4 PORT Interrupt Clear Registers (PxINTC)...................................................................598
28.2.5 PORT Mask Registers (PxMSK)..................................................................................599
28.2.6 PORT Mask Set Registers (PxMSKS).........................................................................599
28.2.7 PORT Mask Clear Registers (PxMSKC) .....................................................................600
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