INW AquiStar T1 User manual

AquiStar®T1 & T1R
Temperature Sensor
INSTRUCTION MANUAL

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Table of Contents
Introduction
What is the T1/T1R?.........................................................................................................3
Initial Inspection and Handling.........................................................................................3
Do’s and Don’ts ................................................................................................................4
General Information
Wiring Information ...........................................................................................................5
Installation.........................................................................................................................6
Maintenance......................................................................................................................6
Trouble Shooting...............................................................................................................6
T1 - Non-Recording Sensor
Technical Specifications....................................................................................................8
Dimensions and Specifications..................................................................................8
Reading via Modbus RTU ................................................................................................9
Register Definitions...................................................................................................9
Reading via SDI-12.........................................................................................................11
SDI-12 Command Nomenclature............................................................................11
SDI-12 Commands ..................................................................................................11
Calibration Register Definitions..............................................................................13
T1R - Recording Sensor
Operation.........................................................................................................................14
Connecting External Power.....................................................................................14
Connecting the T1R to a Computer.........................................................................14
Installing the Aqua4Plus Software...........................................................................15
Collecting Data........................................................................................................15
Field Calibration ............................................................................................................18
Technical Specifications..................................................................................................19
Dimensions and Specifications................................................................................19
Direct Read ...................................................................................................................21
Setting Units for Direct Read ..................................................................................21
Reading Via Modbus®RTU.....................................................................................22
Reading Via SDI-12.................................................................................................24
Changing Batteries..........................................................................................................25
Alternate Connection Options.........................................................................................29
Connecting via RS232 Serial Port...........................................................................29
Connecting with a USB/Serial Adapter...................................................................29
Reordering Information ..................................................................................................31
Limited Warranty/Disclaimer - AquiStar®T1 & T1R Sensor.........................................32

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Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not
represent a commitment on the part of the manufacturer. No part of this manual may
be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written
permission of the manufacturer.
©1997 - 2014 Instrumentation Northwest, Inc.
Registered trademarks and trademarks belong to their respective owners.

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Introduction
What is the T1/T1R?
The T1 and T1R are highly accurate, submersible temperature sensors. They are
available in both a recording and a non-recording version. Communicating either via
Modbus®RTU or SDI-12, these temperature sensors are versatile and easy to use.
The T1 and T1R temperature sensors are designed to provide trouble-free submersible
operation when properly installed. Both the T1 and T1R are compatible with INW’s
WaveData®VZCOM wireless data collection technology, making them excellent for
remote monitoring.
The T1 (non-recording version) operates on an external (9 to 16 VDC) power supply
and is ideal for use with many data loggers and SCADA systems.
The T1R (recording version) operates on either two internalAAbatteries or an external
(6 to 15 VDC) power supply. The unit is programmed using INW’s easy-to-use
Aqua4Plus control software. Once programmed it will measure and collect data on a
variety of time intervals. The T1R can be used as a stand-along unit or network with
other INWAquiStar®Smart Sensors, as well as with many data loggers and SCADA
systems using Modbus®RTU or SDI-12.
Initial Inspection and Handling
Upon receipt of your smart sensor, inspect the shipping package for damage. If any
damage is apparent, note the signs of damage on the appropriate shipping form. After
opening the carton, look for concealed damage, such as a cut cable. If concealed
damage is found, immediately file a claim with the carrier.
Check the etched label on the sensor to be sure that the proper range and type were
provided. Also check the label attached to the cable at the connector end for the proper
cable length.

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Do’s and Don’ts Don’t support the device with the connector.
Use a strain relief device to take the
tension off the connectors.
Don’t allow the device to free-fall down a
well as impact damage can occur.
Don’t bang or drop the device on hard
objects.
Do handle the device with care.
Do store the device in a dry, inside area
when not in use.
Do install the device so that the connector
end is kept dry.

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General Information
Wiring Information
White
Purple
Yellow
Brown
Blue
Shield (may be green)
12 VDC+ (Vaux)
Modbus D- (Not used)
Modbus D+ (Not used)
SDI-12 Signal
12 VDC – (Gnd)
Earth ground
White
Purple
Yellow
Brown
Blue
Shield
12 VDC+ (Vaux)
Modbus D- (Not used)
Modbus D+ (Not used)
SDI-12 Signal
12 VDC – (Gnd)
1
2
3
4
5
5-Pin
Connector
White
Purple
Yellow
Brown
Blue
Shield
12 VDC+ (Vaux)
Modbus D-
Modbus D+
SDI-12 (Not used)
Ground
1
2
3
4
5
5-Pin
Connector
White
Purple
Yellow
Brown
Blue
Shield
12 VDC+ (Vaux)
Modbus D-
Modbus D+
Digital I/O (Not used)
Ground
1
2
3
4
5
5-Pin
Connector
For Modbus®with
firmware lower than 2.0
— with 5-pin connector
For Modbus®with
firmware 2.0 or higher
— with 5-pin connector
For SDI-12 with
firmware 2.0 or higher
— with 5-pin connector
For SDI-12 with
firmware 2.0 or higher
— without connector

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Installation
Lower the sensor to the desired depth. Fasten the cable to the well head using tie
wraps or a weather proof strain-relief system.
If your sensor comes with a connector, be sure the supplied cap is securely placed
on the weather-resistant connector at the top of the cable when not connected to a
computer or logger. Do not install such that the connector might become submerged
with changing weather conditions. The connector can withstand incidental splashing
but is not designed to be submerged.
The sensor can be installed in any position. Strapping the sensor body with tie wraps
or tape will not hurt it. If the sensor is being installed in a fluid environment other than
water, be sure to check the compatibility of the fluid with the wetted parts of the sensor.
INW can provide a variety of seal materials if you are planning to install the sensor in
an environment other than water.
Maintenance
Sensor: There are no user-serviceable parts. If problems develop with sensor stability
or accuracy, contact INW. If the sensor has been exposed to hazardous materials, do
not return it without notification and authorization.
Cable: Cable can be damaged by abrasion, sharp objects, twisting, crimping or
crushing and pulling. Take care during installation and use to avoid cable damage. If a
section of cable is damaged, it is recommended that you send
your sensor back to replace the cable harness assembly.
Connectors (if used): The contact areas (pins & sockets) of the connectors will wear
out with extensive use. If your application requires repeated connections, other types
of connectors can be provided. The connectors used by INW are not submersible, but
are designed to be splash-resistant.
Trouble Shooting
Erratic Readings
Erratic readings can be caused by a damaged sensor, damaged cable, poor connections
or improper operation of readout equipment. In most cases, erratic readings are due
to moisture getting into the system. Assuming that the readout equipment is working

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correctly, the first thing to check is the connection. Look for moisture between
contacts or a loose or broken wire.
Erratic and erroneous readings can also occur due to improper grounding.
See Grounding Issues.
Zero Readings
Continuous zero readings are caused by an open circuit which usually indicates broken
cable, a bad connection, or possibly a damaged sensor. Check the connector to see if a
wire has become loose, or if the cable has been cut. If neither of these appears to cause
the problem, the sensor needs factory repair.
Grounding Issues
It is commonly known that when using electronic equipment, both personnel and equip-
ment need to be protected from high power spikes that may be caused by
lightning, power line surges, or faulty equipment. Without a proper grounding system, a
power spike will find the path of least resistance to earth ground – whether that path is
through sensitive electronic equipment or the person operating the equipment. In order
to ensure safety and prevent equipment damage, a grounding system must be used to
provide a low resistance path to ground.
When using several pieces of interconnected equipment, each of which may have its
own ground, problems with noise, signal interference, and erroneous readings may be
noted. This is caused by a condition known as a Ground Loop. Because of natural re-
sistance in the earth between the grounding points, current can flow between the points,
creating an unexpected voltage difference and resulting erroneous readings.
The single most important step in minimizing a ground loop is to tie all equipment
(sensors, dataloggers, external power sources and any other associated equipment) to
a single common grounding point. INW recommends the following: (1) the sensor
cable shield (the wrapped shield inside the cable) be attached to the power ground on
the datalogger and (2) the grounding lug be connected via a 12 AWG or larger wire, to
a grounding rod driven into the earth. It is also recommended that if you are using an
external power supply to power the datalogger that it be tied to the same earth ground.
Notes:
• Proper grounding is very important! If your sensor does not come with a
connector, INW recommends the following:
(1) the sensor cable shield (the wrapped shield inside the cable) be attached to
the power ground on the datalogger and (2) the grounding lug be connected
via a 12 AWG or larger wire, to a grounding rod driven into the earth. It is
also recommended that your power supply be tied to the same earth ground.

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T1 - Non-Recording Sensor
Technical Specifications
Dimensions and Specifications
GENERAL
Length 6.85” (17.4 cm)
Diameter 0.75” (1.9 cm)
Weight 0.8 lb (0.4 kg)
Body Material 316 stainless steel or titanium
Wire Seal Material Fluoropolymer and PTFE
Submersible Cable Polyurethane, polyethylene, FEP,
or ETFE available
Terminating Connector Available
Communication RS485 Modbus®RTU
SDI-12 (ver. 1.3)
Direct Modbus Read Output 32-bit IEEE floating point
SDI-12 Output ASCII
Internal Math 32-bit floating point
Operating Temperature Range1-5° C to 70° C
Storage Temperature Range -40° C to 80° C
POWER
Operating Voltage 9 - 16 VDC
Over Voltage Protection 24 VDC
Power Supply Current Active 3mA avg./10mA peak
Sleep 150 μA
Electomagnetic & Transient IEC-61000 — 4-3, 4-4, 4-5, 4-6
Protection
TEMPERATURE
Element Type Digital IC on board
Accuracy ± 0.2° C
Resolution 0.06° C
Units Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin
Contact factory for extended temperature ranges.
1Requires freeze protection kit if in water below freezing.

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Reading via Modbus RTU
Register Definitions
Modbus®Functions
Read the values in the registers using function 03-Read Holding Registers.
Parameter Data
32-bit ieee floating point values, read-only
These registers must be read as pairs
40003-4 Temperature (degrees C)
40005-6 Power supply voltage (volts)
Statistical Data Values
40013-14 Averaged temperature
Calibration and Conversion Constants
32-bit ieee floating point values, read/write
Register Mnemonic Description
40223-24 mT Field calibration - Temperature slope
40225-26 bT Field calibration - Temperature offset
40227-28 T_Alpha Factory calibration - Temperature alpha
40229-30 T_Offset Factory calibration - Temperature offset
40231-32 T_ZeroSlope Factory calibration - Temperature slope
40237-38 T_mUnits Temperature Units - Conversion slope
40239-40 T_bUnits Temperature Units - Conversion offset
Factory calibration values are set at the factory.
Writing to Factory Calibration registers will void calibration!!
Field calibration values can be set by user. If set, these values will be applied to
readings before values are returned.
Sensor Configuration/Control
40301=n Set averaging: This enables sensor for n seconds (Read/Write).
Each second, the statistical data registers will be update to contain
new averages, max and min. At the completion of n seconds, the
final statistical values will be left in the registers, and the sensor
will be put to sleep. n = 0..10,800. If n = 0, the sensor is put to
sleep, and the statistical data values are not updated.
40401=a Set sensor address = a (Write Only)

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40501=b Set baud rate according to b (Write Only)
b=0:38400 b=1:19200 b=2:9600 b=3:4800 b=4:2400 b=5:1200
40601=w Set auto-enable. Causes sensor to be enabled automatically for
w seconds after a read of any parameter data register. W=0
disables auto-enable. (This is normally set to 10 seconds at the
factory.)
For lowest power usage, set this to zero. For fastest readings while still retaining as
much power savings as possible, set slightly longer than your read frequency. See sec-
tion on next page for information on how this setting affects your readings.
40701=L Set serial number. L= unsigned longword value
0x0000000 .. 0xFFFFFFF (0 .. 4,294,967,295)
40801 Read sensor firmware revision. Word MSB = Major revision,
LSB = minor revision. E.g., 0011 = revision 0.11
Readings and the Auto-Enable Setting
When a reading is requested, four things happen:
1. The sensor wakes up.
2. The current value in the register is returned.
3. The sensor turns on the analog portion, begins sampling, and begins
putting the new values in the registers.
4a. If auto-enable is set to a positive value w, the sensor stays awake for
w seconds, sampling and moving values into the registers all the while,
and then goes to sleep.
4b. If auto-enable is set to zero, the sensor immediately goes to sleep after
putting the reading in the register.
If your read frequency is less than the auto-enable value, the sensor will stay on con-
tinously, and your readigns will always be fresh, with the exception of the very first
reading.
If your read frequency is greater than the auto-enable value, the following reading
sequence is recommended:
1. Request a reading. This begins the wakeup process on the sensor and returns
the value currently in the register, which will be old data. Throw this value
away.
2. Wait one second, and then take another reading. This reading will have fresh
data. Record this reading.
Note: This sequence applies only to Modbus®direct read. If reading the sensor via
SDI-12, the warmup timing is automatically taken care of.

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Reading via SDI-12
SDI-12 Command Nomenclature
a = Sensor address
{crc} = SDI-12 compatible 3-character CRC
<cr> = ASCII carriage return character
<lf> = ASCII line feed character
Following commands are shown in the format of:
cmd response // comments
SDI-12 Commands
Query and Setup Commands
//*** Sensor Identification
aI! a13 INWUSA PT120.7ssssssssss<cr><lf> // note: 0.7 will change to reflect
current firmware revision
ssssssssss = device serial #
//*** Acknowledge Active
a! a<cr><lf>
//*** Address Query
?! a<cr><lf>
//*** Change Address
aAb! b<cr><lf> // change address from a to b
Request measurement
aM! a0023<cr><lf> // request temperature/voltage
measurement
aD0! a+0+25.0000+12.0512<cr><lf> // read null, temperature (°C), voltage (V)
aM2! a0021<cr><lf> // request temperature measurement
aD0! a+25.0000<cr><lf> // read temperature (°C)
aM3! a0021<cr><lf> // request power supply voltage
measurement
aD0! a+12.0512<cr><lf> // read power supply voltage (V)
aM4! a0ttt4<cr><lf> // request averaged data. ttt depends upon
programmed average duration
aD0! a+0+0+0+25.0000<cr><lf> // read null, null, null, average temperature
Request measurement with CRC
aMC! a0023<cr><lf> // request temperature/voltage measurement
aD0! a+0+25.0000+12.0512{crc}<cr><lf> // read null, temperature (°C), voltage (V)
aMC2! a0021<cr><lf> // request temperature measurement
aD0! a+25.0000{crc}<cr><lf> // read temperature (°C)

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aMC3! a0021<cr><lf> // request power supply voltage measurement
aD0! a+12.0512{crc}<cr><lf> // read power supply voltage (V)
aMC4! a0ttt4<cr><lf> // request averaged data. ttt depends upon
programmed average duration
aD0! a+0+0+0+25.0000{crc}<cr><lf> // read null, null, null, average temperature
Concurrent measurement
aC! a00203<cr><lf> // request temperature/voltage measurement
aD0! a+0+25.0000+12.0512<cr><lf> // read null, temperature (°C), voltage (V)
aC2! a00201<cr><lf> // request temperature measurement
aD0! a+25.0000<cr><lf> // read temperature (°C)
aC3! a00201<cr><lf> // request power supply voltage measurement
aD0! a+12.0512<cr><lf> // read power supply voltage (V)
aC4! a0ttt04<cr><lf> // request averaged data. ttt depends upon
programmed average duration
aD0! a+0+0+0+25.0000<cr><lf> // read null, null, null, average temperature
Concurrent measurement with CRC
aCC! a00203<cr><lf> // request temperature/voltage measurement
aD0! a+0+25.0000+12.0512{crc}<cr><lf> // read null, temperature (°C), voltage (V)
aCC2! a00201<cr><lf> // request temperature measurement
aD0! a+25.0000{crc}<cr><lf> // read temperature (°C)
aCC3! a00201<cr><lf> // request power supply voltage measurement
aD0! a+12.0512{crc}<cr><lf> // read power supply voltage (V)
aCC4! a0ttt04<cr><lf> // request averaged data. ttt depends upon
programmed average duration
aD0! a+0+0+0+25.0000{crc}<cr><lf> // readnull, null, null, average temperature
Extended Commands
//*** Set duration for averaging reading
aXAttt! attt<cr><lf> // set duration of averaged data for M4 command
// ttt = 1..997 seconds
//*** Read/Modify Calibration Values
aXCnn{=<value>}! a<value><cr><lf> // read{modify} calibration value nn
examples:
aXC00! a+1.591600e-5<CR><LF> // read value of calibration register 00
aXC00=1.704e-4! a+1.704000e-4<CR><LF> // set value of calibration register 00
//*** Set number of significant digits
aXSt! at<cr><lf> // set # of significant digits for SDI-12 report data
// t = 1..7 Calibration Register Definitions

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Calibration Register Definitions
All calibration registers contain floating point values.
SDI-12 Default
REG ID Mnemonic Description Value
11 mT Field temperature cal-slope 1.000000E+00
12 bT Field temperature cal-offset 0.000000E+00
13 T_Alpha Factory Temperature
Cal-Alpha 0.000000E+00
14 T_Offset Factory Temperature
Cal-Offset 0.000000E+00
15 T_ZeroSlope Factory Temperature
Cal-ZeroSlope 0.000000E+00
18 T_mUnits Temperature units
conversion slope 1.000000E+00
19 T_bUnits Temperature units
conversion offset 0.000000E+00
Factory calibration values are set at the factory.
Writing to Factory Calibration registers will void calibration!!
Field calibration values can be set by user. If set, these values will be applied to
readings before values are returned.

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T1R - Recording Sensor
Operation
Connecting External Power
The T1R comes with twoAAinternal batteries. This provides enough power for at least
one year of operation at the rate of four measurements per hour.
If auxiliary power is desired, you can use a 6 - 13 VDC supply that can provide 15
mA. Connect to Vaux++ (pin 1 - white) and Ground (pin 5 - blue) or contact INW for
auxiliary power supplies.
Connecting the T1R to a Computer
Connect the T1R to your computer’s USB port, as shown below. Drivers and
instructions come with the adapter. (For alternate connection options, see Alternate
Connection Options Section.)
Connect the sensor to your PC using INW’s USB to RS485 adapter.
(See Appendix C for alternate connections.)
PC or Laptop
Computer
USB Port
USB to RS485
Adapter
Sensor
Sensor
Cable

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Installing the Aqua4Plus Software
The T1R comes with theAqua4Plus host software that is installed on your PC or
laptop. Use this software to program the datalogger, to retrieve data from the logger,
to view collected data, and to export data to external files for use with spreadsheets or
databases.
Refer to the Aqua4Plus software manual for details on installing and using Aqua4Plus.
Using the T1R Without Aqua4Plus
Most users will use the T1R with INW’s Aqua4Plus software. However, the T1R is
quite versatile, communicating via either Modbus®or SDI-12 interfaces, allowing you
to do the following:
• Read a T1R via the Modbus®protocol using your own software.
• Read a T1R via SDI-12 protocol.
• Display readings from a T1R on a panel meter.
If you want to use one of these methods, please see Direct Read Section or contact
INW for more details.
Collecting Data
Following is a brief overview on using Aqua4Plus to collect data. Please refer to the
Aqua4Plus Instruction Manual for further details on configuring and using Aqua4Plus.
Real Time Monitor
Click Single to get a single reading.
Click Start to get a reading once a second.
Click Stop to stop the reading.
Note: These are snapshot readings
and are not recorded on the sensor.
The Real Time Monitor gives a snapshot of the
current readings on the sensor.

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Setting up a Data Recording Session
Click the tool button.ASession Profile Window will open. Refer to the Aqua4Plus
Instruction Manual for details in describing your session profile. Click the Start button
to save the session to the sensor and begin recording.
Using the Session Profile Window, describe
the test steps for your particular test.
Retrieving Data from the Sensor/Datalogger
• Click on the session you want to upload.
• Click the tool button.
• Select a file location.
• Click Save.
• Click Start.
Select the data session you are
ready to upload.

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Viewing Data
• Click the tool button to view data as a table.
• Click the tool button to view data as a graph.
• Navigate to the desired file, then click the Open button. (If the File Open box does
not appear, click the File Menu, then select Open.)
The File Display window displays your
data in a tabular format.
The Graph Window displays your data on an X
Y coordinate graph.

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Exporting Data to .csv or .xls Files
• Using the File Display window, open the file you want to export.
• Click on the tool button.
• Select a file location and enter a name for the file.
• Select a file type.
• Click Save.
A Word About Units
Readings from the T1R Smart Sensor can be displayed in degrees Celsius,or degrees
Fahrenheit, or degrees Kelvin. Select the units you want from the Options | Units men
Field Calibration
Calibration can only be done when there are no sessions stored on the sensor. If there
are any sessions stored on the sensor, upload any data you want and then erase the
session before continuing.
Before leaving the factory, your T1R has been calibrated. However, you may wish to
run a field calibration from time to time.
One-Point Calibration:
-- Computing Calibration Value --
• Place sensor in water. Allow time for sensor to reach thermal equilibrium.
• Using an accurate alternate measuring device, measure the temperature of the
water.
• In the Ref deg box for the first point, enter this temperature.
• Click first Measure button.
• When readings have stabilized to your satisfaction, click the OK button in the
pop-up box.
-- Applying Calibration Value --
• Click the Apply button to apply calibration value.
• The computed b value will be transferred to the calibration field.
• Click OK to save the value to the sensor.
Two-Point Calibration:
-- First Calibration Point --
• Place sensor in water at first temperature. Allow time for sensor to reach thermal
equilibrium.
• Using an accurate alternate measuring device, measure the temperature of the
water.
• In the Ref deg box for the first point, enter this temperature.

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• Click first Measure button.
• When readings have stabilized to your satisfaction, click the OK button in the
pop-up box.
-- Second Calibration Point --
• Place sensor in water at second temperature. Allow time for sensor to reach
thermal equilibrium.
• Using an accurate alternate measuring device, measure the temperature of the
water.
• In the Ref deg box for the second point, enter this temperature.
• Click second Measure button.
• When readings have stabilized to your satisfaction, click the OK button in the
pop-up box.
•
-- Applying Calibration Values --
• Click the Apply button to apply calibration values.
• The computed m and b values will be transferred to the calibration fields.
• Click OK to save the values to the sensor.
Technical Specifications
Dimensions and Specifications
GENERAL
Length 10.725” (27.24 cm) cabled
10.475” (26.61 cm) cableless
Diameter 0.75” (1.9 cm)
Weight 0.8 lb. (0.4 kg)
Body Material Acetal & 316 stainless steel or
titanium
Wire Seal Material Fluoropolymer and PTFE
Submersible Cable Polyurethane, polyethylene,
or FEP available
Protection Rating IP68, NEMA 6P
Terminating Connector Available
Communication RS485 Modbus®RTU
SDI-12 (ver.1.3)
Direct Modbus Read Output 32-bit IEEE floating point
SDI-12 Output ASCII
Internal Math 32-bit floating point