Swegon LUNAd MB User manual

LUNAd MB
Instructions for Use 08/04/2021
Content
Introduction ....................................................... 3
1.1 Introduction .......................................................... 3
1.2 Selection of room temperature ............................. 3
1.3 LED status lamp .................................................... 3
System overview and installation. .................... 3
2.1 System overview ................................................... 3
2.2 Terminal functions ................................................ 3
2.3 Invert heating outputs........................................... 4
2.4 Resetting .............................................................. 4
2.5 Hand-held terminal LUNAd T-CU........................... 4
Control functions ................................................ 5
3.1 Operating modes .................................................. 5
3.2 Setting room temperatures ................................... 5
3.3 Deadband............................................................. 5
3.4 Control process..................................................... 5
3.5 P-function............................................................. 5
3.6 I-function.............................................................. 5
Inputs and sensors.............................................. 6
4.1.1 Sensor type ........................................................ 6
4.1.2 Average value measurement............................... 6
4.2 Occupancy sensor................................................. 6
4.2.1 Switch-on delay ................................................. 6
4.2.2 Switch-off delay................................................. 6
4.2.3 Inverting the occupancy signal ........................... 6
4.3 Overriding the operating mode ............................. 6
4.3.1 Forced output when external contact function
is activated ................................................................. 6
4.4 Condensation sensor ............................................ 7
4.4.1 Select effect of output A1 .................................. 7
Outputs and actuators ....................................... 8
5.1 Actuators .............................................................. 8
5.2 Output signals ...................................................... 8
5.3 Heating, cooling or direct temperature regulation
of output.................................................................... 8
5.4 Limitation of control range.................................... 9
5.5 Temperature limits for “direct temperature control” 9
5.6 Setting the voltage limits for outputs A1 and A2... 9
5.7 Inverting the output.............................................. 9
5.8 Periodic valve operation ........................................ 9
Data communication......................................... 10
6.1 Modbus protocol ................................................ 10
6.1.1 Modbus RTU protocol....................................... 10
6.1.2 Data bits and bytes .......................................... 10
6.1.3 Data rate .......................................................... 10
6.1.4 Modbus RTU protocol ...................................... 10
6.1.5 Modbus address............................................... 10
6.1.6 Modbus register ................................................11
6.1.7 Modbus command ............................................11
6.1.8 Modbus RTU over Ethernet................................11
6.1.9 Error messages ..................................................11
6.1.10 Delays and communication errors ................... 12
6.1.11 Monitoring program ....................................... 12
6.2 RS-485 network ................................................. 12
6.2.1 Nodes, server and clients.................................. 12
6.2.2 Transceiver....................................................... 12
6.2.3 Bits and signal levels ........................................ 13
6.2.4 Converter ........................................................ 13
6.2.5 Repeater .......................................................... 13
6.2.6 Screw terminals for network cable ................... 13
6.2.7 Twisted pair cabling ......................................... 13
6.2.8 Galvanic isolation............................................. 13
6.2.9 Polarisation ...................................................... 13
6.2.10 Termination.................................................... 13
6.2.11 Electromagnetic interference .......................... 14
6.2.12 Shielded cable ................................................ 14
6.3 Network structure............................................... 14
6.3.1 Segments......................................................... 14
6.3.2 Number of nodes............................................. 14
6.3.3 Network cable ................................................. 14
6.3.4 Shielded cable.................................................. 15
6.3.5 Earth wire........................................................ 15
6.3.6 Polarisation ...................................................... 16
6.3.7 End termination ............................................... 16
6.4 Network troubleshooting.................................... 16
The document was originally written in Swedish

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6.5 Deviations from the Modbus standard .................17
6.5.1 RTU communication format...............................17
6.5.2 Data rate ..........................................................17
6.6 Modbus register.................................................. 18
6.6.1 Area 0x ............................................................ 18
6.6.2 Area 1x............................................................ 18
6.6.3 Area 3x............................................................ 19
6.6.4 Area 4x............................................................ 20
Menu functions with hand-held terminal....... 23
7. Hand-held terminal ............................................... 23
7.1.1 Factor y reset ..................................................... 23
7.1.2 Quick guide:..................................................... 23
7.2 Hand-held terminal’s different modes.................. 24
7.2.1 Local mode (the settings are made in the tool).. 24
7.2.2 Read mode ...................................................... 24
7.3 LUNAd T-CU buttons........................................... 24
7.4 Display symbols................................................... 25
7.5 Navigation under the main menu ........................ 25
7.6 Navigation under the settings menu.................... 25
7.7 Change values..................................................... 25
7.8 Display overview ................................................ 26
7.9 Week programme ............................................... 27
7.10 Log function...................................................... 27
7.11 Control settings ................................................. 27
7.12 Outputs, settings ............................................... 28
7.13 Inputs, settings .................................................. 30
7.14 Occupancy......................................................... 31
7.15 Calibration of temperature sensors..................... 32
7.16 Button functions................................................ 33
7.17 Test menu.......................................................... 34
7.18 Type designations .............................................. 36

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1.2 Selection of room temperature
The temperature is set by adjusting by turning the adjuster
knob. The adjuster knob always controls the required
temperature in DAY operating mode, irrespective of whether
any other operating mode is active. It is not possible to see
which operating mode is currently active, but with the help
of the large LED you can see whether the controller is in
heating mode, cooling mode or in standby (dead zone).
The scale of the adjuster knob is not graduated (i.e. no
numbers), so that it is possible to change the adjuster
knob’s temperature range. On delivery the adjust knob’s
range is 19–25 °C with the set point 22 °C in the
middle of the set point scale. Turn the adjuster knob up
(clockwise) you increase the temperature and vice versa.
1.3 LED status lamp
The room controller is equipped with a LED status lamp
that indicates the current output signal. The LED lamp can
also display other operating modes. In normal mode the
LED lamp displays the following:
1. Blue = cooling requirement
2. Red = heating requirement
3. Flashing blue = condensation (only when the
condensation function is active in the room controller
and the operating mode is cooling requirement.
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
LUNAd is a room controller that gives a stable and
comfortable room temperature through efficient and
accurate control and regulates air and the different heating
and cooling actuators. The room controller has four outputs
that can individually be adjusted to suit most requirements.
In the supplied version the room controller is set to control
air as well as heating and cooling actuators with 24 V AC
and 0–10 V DC.
The room controller has a built-in temperature sensor for
detection and setting of the room temperature.
Different types of sensors can be connected to the room
controller.
If you need to change the settings on a room controller
a special hand-held terminal with display (LUNAd T-CU)
is required. The hand-held terminal is then connected
temporarily to the room controller’s 4-way connector. The
connector is located behind the room controller’s cover.
If you wish to install an external sensor in the room or
e.g. in the air duct, the sensor is connected to the screw
terminals in the room controller. The external sensor is
then activated automatically.
Even different types of sensors can be connected to the
controller, for example, occupancy sensor, condensation
sensor, extra temperature sensor or an external contact.
The external sensor’s functions can be set on the menus
on the hand-held terminal with display.
The room controller has three different operating modes
(day, night and save) that can activate different room
temperatures.
2.1 System overview
The room controller can be configured in a variety of
ways. The controller has been especially developed to
facilitate customisation without the need making and
changes to the hardware. The room controller can be
directly connected to numerous different control systems
without the need to make any settings. These are
described in this chapter.
2.2 Terminal functions
The screw terminals on the controller have different
markings and placements. The following figure describes
the screw terminals in a factory set room controller:
System overview and
installation.
9. Input for condensation sensor
10. Modbus +
11. Modbus -
8. Input for external temp. sensor
7. Analogue output A2, 0–10 V DC, heating
6. G0, 0V from transformer
5. G, phase 24V AC from transformer
4. Analogue output A1, 0–10 V DC, cooling
3. Output D2 - 24 V heating actuator (0 V)
2. Common phase 24V AC for actuator
1. Output D1 - 24 V Cooling actuator (0 V)

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2.3 Invert heating outputs
There is a button under the cover on the controller. The
button can be used to invert all the heating outputs.
1. Set the temperature potentiometer to its lowest position.
2. Press and hold the button for about 12 seconds.
3. The room controller now inverts all the heating outputs.
Repeat the procedure to remove all the inverted
heating outputs.
2.5 Hand-held terminal LUNAb T-CU
On the room controller’s PCB, behind the cover, is a
4-way outlet where the hand-held terminal can be
connected. Using this it is possible to configure different
settings in the room controller.
All the settings are described in the manual, chapter 7
2.4 Resetting
There is a button under the cover on the controller.
The button can be used to reset the memory according to
the customer’s configuration.
1. Switch off the power to the controller.
2. Press and hold the button while switching on the
power to the controller.
3. Release the button, the controller now performs a
customer reset.
LED Heat
LED Cool
Function LED
Set point
potentiometer
Function button
2 3 4 5 6 7
ON
OFF
Modbus adress
Connector for
c
onfiguration tool
H202
Temperature
Sensor
8
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11
LED Heat
LED Cool
Function LED
Set point
potentiometer
Function button
2 3 4 5 6 7
ON
OFF
Modbus adress
Connector for
c
onfiguration tool
H202
Temperature
Sensor
8
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11

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Control functions
The room controller regulates the temperature in the
room with the help of a heating elements and/or chilled
beams. The room controller compares the set temperature
with the current measured room temperature and controls
via its outputs the heating or cooling to the room.
3.1 Operating modes
The room controller has three operating modes each
with its own setting values for room temperature and
“deadband”. Other functions can also be connected to
the different operating modes. The operating modes can
be controlled by the following functions in priority order:
1. External contact
2. Occupancy
3.2 Setting room temperatures
The room temperature is adjusted individually for the
three operating modes with the help of the hand-held
terminal LUNAd T-CU.
Using the adjuster knob on the room controller you can
only adjust the desired temperature for DAY mode. The
desired temperature is also called the “set point”. The
measured room temperature is also called the “actual value”.
3.3 Deadband
The room controller has a neutral zone between heating
and cooling control that is called the deadband. This
function is used to prevent both the heating and cooling
outputs from being connected at the same time, and
to save energy. However, the room controller permits
the temperature to deviate a half degree up or down
compared to the set point temperature, before a control
signal is sent to the heating elements or chilled beams.
This applies in DAY operating mode.
In NIGHT mode and SAVE mode the deadband is wider,
to give an economy function when you are not in the room.
When the hand-held terminal is connected it is possible to
adjust the three different deadbands under menu 3.
For DAY operating mode: function “DB.D”
For NIGHT operating mode: function “DB.N”
For SAVE operating mode: function “DB.S”
When high climate comfort is required, the deadband
should be relatively small. However, the deadband should
be wider to save energy.
If the room controller is set to only control heating or
only cooling, then the deadband has not function, and
the room temperature is then controlled directly to the
temperature set for each operating mode.
3.4 Control process
A slightly simplified control works as follows, step by step:
3.5 P-function
The room controller’s method of control is known as “PI”,
which is an abbreviation of proportional and integral.
The proportional function (p-function) means that
the controller calculates a capacity requirement that is
proportional to the temperature deviation.
The P-band can be configured under menu 3.
P-band for heating: function “P.H”
P-band for cooling: function “P.C”
3.6 I-function
The integral function (i-function) means that the room
controller continuously monitors the capacity requirement
that the p-function gives. This helps to smooth out the
deviation more accurately than what the p-function can
sometime achieve, for example, due the heating element
or chilled beam needing a higher control signal to be able
to reach the right temperature in the room.
The I-function can be configured under menu 3.
I-time for heating: function “I.H”
I-time for cooling: function “I.C”
1. The room controller selects the right temperature
and deadband taking into consideration the enabled
operating mode.
2. The controller calculates the regulated setpoints for
cooling and heating that are equal to the setpoint ±
half the deadband.
3. If the temperature has been higher than the regulated
set point for cooling, the controller is set to cooling
mode and uses the regulated set point for cooling when
regulating.
4. The deviation between the desired temperature and
the measured temperature can be calculated.
5. The capacity value for heating or cooling is calculated.
6. The room controller’s i-function detects if the
temperature deviation has not been corrected for a
long period, and if necessary adds an extra “boost” to
the capacity values.
7. The capacity values are converted to output signals and
are sent to the different outputs.

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Inputs and sensors
The room controller has a fixed input for the
condensation sensor and a programmable input for the
external sensor. Depending on the selected function, a
sensor can be of the thermistor type for temperature
monitoring (resistive), condensation detection (resistive)
or a contact (0 V or no contact).
The condensation sensor is connected between terminal
block 9 (input) and terminal block 6 (G0).
An external sensor (resistive or contact) is connected
between terminal block 8 (input) and terminal block 6
(G0).
The configuration tool can be used to select the type of
sensor you wish to connect.
There are four different sensor functions:
Type Input
1. Condensation sensor 9. Condensation
2. External temperature sensor 8. Termistor,NTC,10K
3. Presence sensor 8. Contact:
4. Operating mode contact 8. Contact:
4.1.1 Sensor type
Two types of sensor can be used for temperature control:
a) in-built sensor
b) external resistive sensor (NTC, 10 kOhm at 25°C)
The built-in sensor in the room controller is always used
automatically by the room controller if no other sensor
is connected to the terminal. When an external, resistive
sensor is connected, the room controller selects this
sensor automatically instead of the built-in sensor.
4.1.2 Average value measurement
In order to connect the average value measurement with
both an external sensor and the built-in room controller,
set the following on menu 5 (input).
Function “R1+R2” can be set to 1 or 2
1 = Change over function with external sensor
2 = Average value between external and internal
sensors
(If value 2 is used and if no other external sensor is
connected, the room controller only reads the internal
sensor)
4.2 Occupancy sensor
It’s possible to connect an occupancy sensor that enables
the DAY operating mode when occupancy is detected
and which enables NIGHT operating mode when the
occupancy indication ceases. A switching on and off delay
for the DAY operating mode can be set.
The presence sensor can have a contact output (normally
open or normally closed) which is connected between
terminal block 8 (input) and terminal block 6 (G0). G0
is the signal that the sensor switches on and off to the
input.
The occupancy sensor is activated with the help of the
hand-held terminal, under menu 6 and the function
“ACTIVE” (enable).
4.2.1 Switch-on delay
When occupancy has been indicated at some time
both during the first and second half of the delay time,
the DAY operating mode is enabled after the time has
expired. This operating mode remains enabled as long as
there is an occupancy indication.
The switch-on delay for occupancy is selected under
menu 6:
Function “TIME1”: select the delay time for switching on
4.2.2 Switch-off delay
The switch-off delay delays the disabling of DAY operating
mode when occupancy indication from the sensor ceases. The
time is adjustable between 0 and 990 minutes. The resolution is
10 minutes over 100 minutes.
The switch-off delay for occupancy is selected under menu 6:
Function “TIME0”: select the delay time for switching off
4.2.3 Inverting the occupancy signal
The input function can be inverted to select either an
occupancy sensor that has a normally open or normally
closed contact for occupancy indication.
Inverting the occupancy signal is selected under menu 6:
Function “NO”: 0 = (NC, normally closed) opens
when occupancy is detected
1 = (NO, normally open) closes
when occupancy is detected
4.3 Overriding the operating mode
With the 0 V-signal from an external contact, you can force
any of the room controller’s four outputs. The contact is
connected between terminal 8 (input signal) and 6 (G0).
Enabling the external contact function is selected under menu
5 with the help of the hand-held terminal LUNAd T-CU.
Function “EXT.”:
0 = external contact function disabled
1 = external contact function enabled

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4.3.1 Forced output when external contact
function is activated
When the external contact function is enabled it is
possible to select which of the outputs is to be forced to
open (0 V to terminal 8).
Activation of forcing output is selected under menu 4,
OUTP”:
First select the output under the function “OPno”:
D1 = 24 V output terminal 1
D2 = 24 V output terminal 3
A1 = 0–10 V output terminal 4
A2 = 0–10 V output terminal 7
Select the function “FORC.”:
0 = forcing of output disabled
1 = forcing of output enabled (when the external
contact is enabled with 0 V to the input on terminal 8).
4.4 Condensation sensor
It is possible to connect a condensation sensor to input I1
(between terminal 8 and terminal 6) to disable all cooling
outputs and generate an alarm for high condensation of
output A1.
The condensation input is designed for resistive
condensation sensors, with resistance values between 50
K and 900 kΩ(for condensation).
The condensation function is set under menu 5 with the
help of the hand-held terminal LUNAd T-CU.
Function “COND” 0 = condensation disabled
1 = condensation enabled
4.4.1 Select effect of output A1
If this function is enabled, the controller activates the 10 V
DC output on Y3 (terminal 4) when condensation occurs.
Function “CALRM” 0 = alarm signal disabled
1 = alarm signal enabled

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Outputs and actuators
The room controller has two 24 V outputs (d1 and d2) and two
analogue 0–10 V outputs (A1 and A2).
Actuators are connected to the following terminal blocks:
• d1: terminal block 1 and 2.
• d2: terminal block 3 and 2.
• A1: terminal block 4 (+), terminal block 6 (G0) and to G
(phase 24 V AC).
• A2: terminal block 7 (+), terminal block 6 (G0) and to
G (phase 24 V AC).
An output can be affected by the following functions (the
uppermost has the highest priority):
1. Output affected by the condensation sensor
2. Output enabled for test activation
3. Output enabled if the function “FORC.”=1 on
menu 4 when input I2 is set to the contact
function “EXT.” = 1.
Under menu 4 (“OUTP”) you can select the type of
regulation outfeed and other settings for each output.
Select the output to be set:
Function “OPno” select d1, d2, A1 or A2.
The setting of functions that follow “OPno” only apply to
the selected output.
When “3P” has been selected for output D1, the settings
refer to both outputs d1 and d2, as this outfeed uses both
the digital outputs.
The room controller outputs a heating and cooling
capacity values between 0–100 % to the outfeed logic.
A capacity value is calculated for each individual output
based on this value (and depending on the following
settings for each output).
5.1 Actuator
In this context an actuator is an electro-mechanical unit
that is governed by an electrical signal from the controller
and manoeuvres, e.g. a valve or damper to close.
5.2 Output signals
Different actuators require different output signals from
the room controller. The outputs are therefore adjustable
for different types of actuator.
Pulse regulating (24V or 0-10V)
Normally used to control thermal actuators or for
electrical heating control.
ON/OFF control (24V or 0-10V)
Normally used for the control of 2-position damper
motors or electrical heaters via contactors.
3-p regulating (24V)
Normally used to control increase/decrease actuators.
0-10 V regulation (0-10 V)
Normally used to control 0-10 V actuators.
5.3 Heating, cooling or direct
temperature regulation of output
You can choose whether an output should control a
heating actuator, a cooling actuator or an actuator for
both heating and cooling.
A cooling actuator is only activated when the controller
outputs a capacity value for cooling. A heating actuator
is only activated when the controller outputs a capacity
value for heating.
An actuator that is directly controlled by the room
temperature is not affected by the controller’s fed
capacity, but only by the selected limit value for the room
temperature.
Go to the function “HC” under menu 4, and set the
following selections for the required output:
COOL: for the regulation of cooling
HEAT: for the regulation of heating
HC: for the regulation of both cooling and heating
dIFF: for direct temperature control
In “HC” mode, 0–5 V is fed with a cooling requirement
100–0 % and 5–10 V for a heating requirement 0–100 %
on outputs A1 and A2.
It is possible to set the controller so that the 0–10 V
outfeed to output A1 is available both for heating and
cooling requirement to control of an actuator on a 6-way
valve.

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5.4 Limitation of control range
(does not apply if “direct temperature regulation of
output” is selected)
The room controller calculates a capacity value between
0–100 % which is sent to the outfeed logic. You can
choose, for each output, whether it should regulate
within the whole or part of this range.
Example:
If, for example, you have selected an output that regulates
within the range 20–50 %, the capacity to the actual
output will be regulated as follows:
This function can be used, for example, to control output
in sequence.
Go to menu 4, and set the following selections for the
required output:
LIML%: the low capacity limit in %
LIMH%: the high capacity limit in %
5.5 Temperature limits for “direct
temperature control” (see 5.3)
When “dIFF” is selected in the function “HC”, the output
is not regulated to the capacity value from the controller,
but directly by the selected room temperature limits.
Set a temperature range with the functions “LIM.-1” and
“LIM.-0”. When the temperature is within the range and
“PULS”-, “3P”-, “OnOff” or “0-10” regulation is selected,
the capacity is outputted to output by the temperature
value in relation to these limit values.
When the temperature reaches “LIM.-1” or is outside of
this value, 100 % of the capacity is fed to the output.
When the temperature reaches “LIM.-0” or is outside of
this value, 0 % of the capacity is fed to the output.
5.6 Setting the voltage limits for outputs
A1 and A2
The voltage on outputs A1 and A2 are normally between
0–10 V, but the values can be limited upwards or
downwards.
The voltage from output A1 and A2 does not drop below
the selected minimum value in the function “LIML V” and
does not exceed the selected max value in the function
“LIMH V”.
Exceptions For the condensation indication the voltage is
set to 0 V, irrespective of the value for the function “LIML V”.
5.7 Inverting the output
Inverting means that the outputs D1 and D2 close instead
of open and vice versa.
For an increase/decrease outfeed the outputs with work
in reverse so that the actuator changes rotation direction.
Output A1 and A2 give 10–0 V instead of 0–10 V, for
example 7 V becomes 3 V instead.
Inverting of the output signal is set under menu 4:
Function “INV.” select 0 (not inverted)
select 1 (inverted)
5.8 Periodic valve operation
Some valves need to be “test run”, i.e. periodically
opened and closed to not jam or seize.
Test running occurs at optional daily intervals:
D1 and A1 open at 01:00–01:03.
D2 and A2 open at 01:30–01:33.
The setting for test running is set under menu 4:
The function “MOT” select the number of days between
test running. The value 0 disables test running.
Capacity from the controller Capacity outfeed to the output
0–20 % 0%
20–50 % 0–100%
50 –100 % 100 %

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Data communication
The room controller has a built-in communication port
that enables connection to an RS 485 network with
Modbus for supervising and overriding via a building
management system, for example a computer.
6.1 Modbus protocol
Modbus is a communication protocol (language) used to
transfer information between a server and a number of
client nodes.
All “traffic” on the network is always initiated only by the
server node.
All other nodes on the network are only permitted to sit
quietly and wait for the server to “query” just them. Thus
the clients cannot send their own packages to any other
client node.
In addition, a client node cannot send spontaneous
messages to the server, for example, alarms or the like.
Regular reading from the server is established instead, so
that it can detect alarms out in the client nodes.
6.1.1 Modbus RTU protocol
Modbus RTU, which is one of the different variants of the
Modbus protocol, is used to communicate with the room
controller.
Other “dialects” available (but which are not supported by
the room controller) are Modbus ASCII and Modbus TCP.
6.1.2 Data bits and bytes
The information on the Modbus network is structured by
a long row of ones and zeros. These are called bits and
are grouped into bytes (= characters). Each byte appears
like this:
a) start bit (1 bit)
b) data bits 0–7 (8 bits)
a) stop bit (1 bit)
Other byte structures can be selected with the help of a
room controller E201 with display or E203. 7 or 8 data
bits can be selected, and 1 or 2 stop bits. An extra parity
bit precisely before the stop bit can also be selected to
give extra error detection.
6.1.3 Data rate
The room controller is preset at the rate 19200 bits/sec.
Other rates can be selected with the help of a room
controller with display (or configuration unit). If the data
rate is changed to a higher level, higher demands are
made on the network cable. You may need to limit the
cable length and sometimes even choose a shielded cable.
Termination of the cable ends may also be necessary at
higher rates to eliminate reflection interference.
6.1.4 Modbus RTU package
Every “package” (message) sent on the network includes
the following information:
a) node address (1 byte)
b) command (1 byte)
c) data values (1–252 bytes)
d) checksum (2 bytes/CRC-16)
When a complete package with bytes has been sent from
the server, the queried node has the possibility to send its
response back to the server.
6.1.5 Modbus address
Each Modbus device needs its own unique address to
be able to communicate on the network. This is called a
node address and should be a number between 1 and
247. The node address is set on the room controller’s
circuit board, on an 8 position dip switch.
Exercise care to ensure that no Modbus device has the
same number as another device on one and the same
segment (bus). It is therefore a good idea to create a list
of node numbers that shows in which room each device
is installed.
If you choose to set the address on the dip switch, you need
to calculate binary code. Each button corresponds to a
value that is twice the size of the previous button. The first
button means 1, next button 2, next 4, next 8 and so on.
Example:
ON
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
The row of buttons above is called a “dip switch” and
has the buttons 2, 5 and 6 set to the “ON” position. The
buttons are in turn worth 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128. If
a button is in the “ON” position, you should calculate the
button value. The example above means that the address
50 is selected.
(0+2+0+0+16+32+0+0 = 50)
In order to quickly calculate the right binary code, you
can use certain mini calculators (which have the binary
number system). The calculator included with Microsoft
Windows can be set to “advance mode”, and then used
to convert common decimal numbers to binary. Note
that you must then reverse the order of ones and zeros.
The number shown to the far right of the calculator
should always be set on the button to the far left on the
controller’s dip switch. If the calculator shows fewer than
eight digits, this means that the rest of the buttons to the
right on the dip switch should be set to the off position
(i.e. not “ON”).