KaVo ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D User manual

ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH™ OP 2D
Digital Panoramic X-ray Unit
Service Manual
ENGLISH
216143 rev.1
0.805.5058

Contents
ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D III
Copyright © 2017 by PaloDEx Group Oy.
All rights reserved.
ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPH and CLINIVIEW are either
registered trademarks or trademarks of PaloDEx Group Oy
in the United States and/or other countries.
KaVo is either a registered trademark or a trademark of
Kaltenbach & Voigt GmbH in the United States and/or other
countries.
All other trademarks are property of their respective
owners.
Documentation, trademark and the software are
copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the
copyright laws the documentation may not be copied,
photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to
any electronic medium or machine readable form in
whole or part, without the prior written permission
of PaloDEx Group Oy.
The original language of this manual is English.
PaloDEx Group Oy reserves the right to make changes
in specification and features shown herein, or
discontinue the product described at any time without
notice or obligation. Contact your PaloDEx Group Oy
representative for the most current information.
Instrumentarium Dental, PaloDEx Group Oy
Nahkelantie 160
FI-04300 Tuusula
FINLAND
Tel. [phone]
www.kavokerrgroup.com
Copyright
Manufactured by

IV ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D
Contents

Contents
ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D V
Contents
1. General Information .......................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Associated documentation ............................................................................ 1
1.3 Service precautions and warnings ................................................................ 1
Servicing precautions.................................................................................... 1
Warning - Radiation Safety ........................................................................... 1
Warning - Mechanical safety......................................................................... 2
Warning - Electrical Safety............................................................................ 2
Caution - Electrostatic discharge .................................................................. 3
Warning - Explosion hazard .......................................................................... 3
Warning - Cleaning the unit........................................................................... 3
1.4 Unauthorized Modifications........................................................................... 4
1.5 Disclaimer ..................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Yearly maintenance....................................................................................... 5
Exposure switch and cable ........................................................................... 5
mA test .......................................................................................................... 5
kV test ........................................................................................................... 6
Beam alignment test .................................................................................... 7
Ground test .................................................................................................. 7
Motor movements ......................................................................................... 7
Position detectors ......................................................................................... 7
Patient Positioning Lasers ............................................................................ 8
Mains power supply cable............................................................................. 8
Mains power switch....................................................................................... 8
Tubehead ...................................................................................................... 8
Fire risk ......................................................................................................... 8
Covers and Labels ........................................................................................ 8
1.7 Disposal ........................................................................................................ 9

VI ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D
Contents
2. Unit Description............................................................................................... 10
2.1 The ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPH™ OP 2D .................................................. 10
2.2 The main parts and assemblies ..................................................................11
2.3 Unit dimensions........................................................................................... 14
2.4 Mechanical description................................................................................ 15
2.5 Electrical description ................................................................................... 17
Circuit boards.............................................................................................. 17
Power supply .............................................................................................. 17
Main fuses .................................................................................................. 17
Unit control ................................................................................................. 18
Motors and motor control ............................................................................ 18
Exposure logic ............................................................................................ 19
Position control ........................................................................................... 20
Overview of the Imaging Chain................................................................... 20
2.6 Block diagram ............................................................................................. 23
2.7 Fuse diagram .............................................................................................. 24
2.8 Wiring diagrams - overview......................................................................... 25
3. Circuit Boards.................................................................................................. 29
3.1 L900, Display adapter ................................................................................. 29
L900 - Location ........................................................................................... 29
L900 - Field replaceable parts .................................................................... 30
L900 - Description....................................................................................... 30
L900 - Indicator LEDs ................................................................................. 30
L900 - Test Points ....................................................................................... 30
3.2 L1200 CPU Board ....................................................................................... 31
L1200 - Location ......................................................................................... 31
L1200 - Field replaceable parts .................................................................. 31
L1200 - Description..................................................................................... 32
L1200 - Indicator LEDs ............................................................................... 32
L1200 - Test Points ..................................................................................... 32
L1200 - Block Diagram ............................................................................... 33

Contents
ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D VII
3.3 L1500, CCD Power Supply ......................................................................... 34
L1500 - Location ......................................................................................... 34
L1500 - Field replaceable parts .................................................................. 34
L1500 - Description..................................................................................... 35
L1500 - Block diagram ................................................................................ 36
L1500 - Indicator LEDs ............................................................................... 37
L1500 - Test Points ..................................................................................... 37
3.4 L1600, Z-Motor Driver ................................................................................. 38
L1600 - Location ......................................................................................... 38
L1600 - Field replaceable parts .................................................................. 39
L1600 - Description..................................................................................... 39
L1600 - Block diagram ................................................................................ 40
L1600 - Indicator lamp ................................................................................ 41
L1600 - Indicator LEDs ............................................................................... 41
L1600 - Test Points ..................................................................................... 41
3.5 L1700 Connector Board .............................................................................. 42
L1700 - Location ......................................................................................... 42
L1700 - Field replaceable parts .................................................................. 42
L1700 - Description .................................................................................... 43
L1700 - Indicator LEDs ............................................................................... 43
L1700 - Test Points ..................................................................................... 43
L1700 - Block Diagram ............................................................................... 44
3.6 L1800, Generator Board ............................................................................. 45
DANGER: HIGH VOLTAGE ............................................................................................ 45
L1800 - Location ......................................................................................... 45
L1800 - Field replaceable parts .................................................................. 45
L1800 - Description..................................................................................... 46
L1800 - Block diagram ................................................................................ 47
L1800 - Indicator lights................................................................................ 48
L1800 - Test Points ..................................................................................... 48
3.7 P1910, PFC Board ...................................................................................... 49
P1910 - Location......................................................................................... 49
P1910 - Field replaceable parts .................................................................. 49
P1910 - Description .................................................................................... 50
P1910 - Block diagram................................................................................ 51
P1910 - Indicator LEDs............................................................................... 52
P1910 - Test Points..................................................................................... 52

VIII ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D
Contents
3.8 L2000 Interface Board ................................................................................ 53
L2000 - Location ......................................................................................... 53
L2000 - Field replaceable parts .................................................................. 53
L2000 - Description .................................................................................... 53
L2000 - Indicator LEDs ............................................................................... 54
L2000 - Test Points ..................................................................................... 54
3.9 L2100 Rotation Position Sensor Board ...................................................... 55
L2100 - Location ......................................................................................... 55
L2100 - Field replaceable parts .................................................................. 55
L2100 - Description..................................................................................... 55
L2100 - Indicator LEDs ............................................................................... 56
L2100 - Test Points ..................................................................................... 56
3.10 R5100, 3-Phase Microstepper Driver........................................................ 57
R5100 - Location......................................................................................... 57
R5100 - Field replaceable parts.................................................................. 57
R5100 - Description .................................................................................... 57
R5100 - Indicator LEDs............................................................................... 58
R5100 - Test Points..................................................................................... 58
3.11 CCD Sensor / Filter board ......................................................................... 59
CCD / Filter - Location ................................................................................ 59
CCD - Field replaceable parts..................................................................... 59
CCD - Description ....................................................................................... 59
CCD - Indicator lights.................................................................................. 60
Filter - Field replaceable parts .................................................................... 62
Filter - Description....................................................................................... 62
Filter - Test Points ....................................................................................... 62
4. Troubleshooting .............................................................................................. 63
4.1 Initial checks................................................................................................ 63
Restarting the unit....................................................................................... 63
Error Codes................................................................................................. 63
Checking circuit boards............................................................................... 63
Checking cables and connectors ................................................................ 64
Power supply problems............................................................................... 64

Contents
ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D IX
4.2 Common issues .......................................................................................... 65
Nothing happens when the unit is switched on........................................... 65
Image of emergency button appears on main display ................................ 67
The side control panel Return key does not work....................................... 67
Rotating unit stop rotating, no error code.................................................... 68
Patient positioning light(s) do not come on ................................................. 68
Up/down (Z-motor) keys do not work.......................................................... 69
Nothing happens when the exposure button is pressed ............................. 71
4.3 Error codes.................................................................................................. 71
Error code H1 (Exposure interupted) .......................................................... 71
Error codes E0, E1 and E2 ......................................................................... 72
Error E3 (CFG Data lost) ............................................................................ 74
Error E4 (Tubehead too hot or too cold) ..................................................... 74
Error E5 (Line voltage out of limits)............................................................. 75
Error E7 (Opto or r-motor failed during r-movement).................................. 75
Error E8 (File system failure) ...................................................................... 76
Error E10 (CCD initialization/configuration failure) ..................................... 76
Error E11 (CCD power failure) .................................................................... 76
Error E12 (CCD line failure) ........................................................................ 77
Error E13 (CCD error, CCD EEPROM CRC test failed) ............................. 77
Error E14 (Tubehead disconnected) ........................................................... 77
Error E16 (Z lift not allowed due to duty cycle) ........................................... 77
Error E18 (Display not connected).............................................................. 78
Error E19 (Exposure switch stuck down) .................................................... 78
Error E20 (PCF: POWERGOOD signal is down) ................................ 79
Error E22 (Button stuck) ..................................................................... 79
4.4 Bad quality images...................................................................................... 79
Vertical white stripes on the image ............................................................. 79
Horizontal white stripes on the image ......................................................... 79
Image too light or too dark .......................................................................... 79
Common causes for bad image quality....................................................... 80
5. S2terminal and service commands ............................................................... 81
5.1 Using the S2terminal................................................................................... 81
5.2 The Service commands............................................................................... 84

X ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D
Contents
6. Updating unit firmware, core and display graphics..................................... 92
6.1 Firmware zip file .......................................................................................... 92
6.2 Upgrading the unit firmware ........................................................................ 92
7. Replacing parts................................................................................................ 93
7.1 Removing covers ........................................................................................ 93
7.2 Replacing the tubehead .............................................................................. 94
Tools required ............................................................................................ 94
Replacement parts...................................................................................... 94
Replacing the tubehead .............................................................................. 94
Calibrating the tube head and checking the alignment ............................... 97
7.3 Replacing the CCD sensor.......................................................................... 97
7.4 Replacing the collimator.............................................................................. 97
7.5 Replacing circuit boards.............................................................................. 97
L900 Display adapter - additional instructions ............................................ 98
L1800 Generator board - additional instructions......................................... 98
L1700 Connector board - additional instructions ........................................ 98
L1200 CPU board - additional instructions ................................................. 99
L1500 Power Supply board - additional instructions................................... 99
L1910 PFC board - additional instructions.................................................. 99
7.6 Replacing the z-motor ............................................................................... 100
8. Aligning the unit ............................................................................................ 106
8.1 Tools required............................................................................................ 106
8.2 Removing the covers ................................................................................ 106
8.3 Checking and Aligning the CCD Sensor ................................................... 106
8.4 Adjusting the vertical position of the beam................................................ 108
8.5 Checking and adjusting the position of the collimator ................................110
8.6 Checking and adjusting the Chin Support..................................................113
8.7 Checking and adjusting the focal trough ....................................................115
8.8 Recheck the alignment...............................................................................118
8.9 Aligning the Patient Positioning Lasers ......................................................118
8.10 Calibrating the CCD sensor .....................................................................118

1. General Information
ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D 1
1. General Information
1.1 Introduction
This manual describes how to service ORTHOPANTO-
MOGRAPH™ OP 2D Digital Panoramic X-ray Unit.
1.2 Associated documentation
The unit user's manual.
The unit installation manual.
The unit spare-parts catalogue.
1.3 Service precautions and warnings
Servicing precautions
Only service personnel trained and approved by the
manufacturer of the unit are allowed to service the unit.
Before attempting to service the unit make sure that you
know how to operate it. Read the unit user's manual
and familiarize yourself with the warnings and precau-
tions listed in it.
Read the unit's installation manual and familiarize your-
self with the warnings and precautions listed in it.
Use only the original spare parts that are provided by
the manufacturer when repairing the unit or replacing
parts.
The unit can be operated with mains voltages in ranges
100 to 120 VAC or 220 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz.
The unit hardware is the same for both voltage ranges,
but the mains power cord supplied with the unit varies
depending on the target market.
Warning - Radiation Safety
Before servicing the unit familiarize yourself with local
and national radiation safety standards and require-
ments relating to dental x-ray equipment.
When taking test exposures take adequate precautions
to protect yourself from radiation. Stand behind a suit-
able radiation shield positioned at least two metres (six
feet) from the unit.

2 ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D
1. General Information
Warning - Mechanical safety
Disconnect the unit from the main power supply before
removing any covers.
Disconnect the unit from the main power supply before
repairing or replacing mechanical parts or installing ac-
cessories.
Be careful when operating the unit not to get body parts
or clothing trapped between moving parts.
Some mechanical parts have sharp edges that can
cause injuries if mishandled. Be careful when working
on the unit with the covers removed and when handling
its parts.
During operation some surfaces and components may
become hot. Take precautions to avoid burning yourself.
The aperture plate in the collimator is made of lead (Pb)
which is toxic. Do not touch it with your bare hands.
Do not open the tubehead. There are no serviceable
parts, mechanical or electrical, inside the tubehead.
Warning - Electrical Safety
Disconnect the unit from the main power supply before
replacing circuit boards or other electrical components.
If there are capacitors on a circuit board or electrical
component wait for at least ten (10) minutes, after dis-
connecting the unit from the power supply, before han-
dling the board or component.
If you have to leave the unit unattended during servicing
or maintenance, disconnect the unit from main power
supply to protect people, who may touch the unit, from
electric shock.
This unit should be used only in areas that are provided
with a protective earth connection to ensure an equipo-
tential ground connection.

1. General Information
ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D 3
Caution - Electrostatic discharge
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy
electronic components.
When servicing the unit take precautions to avoid elec-
trostatic charge build up and discharge (ESD). Follow
the recommendations for the prevention of ESD that
are used in the country in which you are working. If no
recommendations are available, follow the guidelines
below:
- Leave all new or replacement circuit boards and
electrical parts in their protective packaging until the
boards are needed.
- Before handling circuit boards and electrical parts
make sure that any static electricity charge that has
built up in your body is discharged.
- When examining and checking circuit boards use an
antistatic wrist wrap which is connected to a ground
point through a 1 Mohm current limiting cable. For a
ground point use water pipes, radiators or other ob-
jects that are known to be connected to the ground.
Also use a cable to connect the unit to the same
ground potential as the wrist wrap.
- When handling circuit boards hold them by their
edges and do not touch any components or connec-
tors.
- If an antistatic mat is used, connect the wrist wrap
to the mat and the mat to the ground potential.
- Wash the wrist wrap and check that it is in good
condition frequently.
Warning - Explosion hazard
Certain disinfectants and cleaning agents may vaporize
to form an explosive vapour. If such chemicals are used
the vapour should be allowed to disperse before switch-
ing the unit on.
Warning - Cleaning the unit
Switch the unit off and disconnect it from the main
power supply before cleaning or disinfecting the unit.

4 ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D
1. General Information
1.4 Unauthorized Modifications
Unauthorized changes or modifications to any part of
the unit or its equipment can have hazardous conse-
quences. Changes or modifications must not be made
unless specifically authorized by the manufacturer of
the unit.
When properly assembled with a compatible beam-lim-
iting unit, the diagnostic source assembly will fully meet
the United States of America Federal Performance
Standards for Diagnostic X-Ray Systems and Their
Components (21 CFR 1020. 30-32) provided no compo-
nents or parts are removed from the unit and no unau-
thorized adjustments are made to the beam-limiting unit
or tube housing assembly.
Never remove or remanufacture any part of the tube
housing assembly or beam-limiting unit.
Never adjust any part of the beam-limiting unit unless
under the direction of the manufacturer of the unit or
their authorized distributor(s).
1.5 Disclaimer
The manufacturer of the unit shall have no liability for
consequential damages, personal injury, loss, damage
or expense directly or indirectly arising from the use of
its products. No agent, distributor or other party is au-
thorized to make any warranty or other liability on behalf
of the manufacturer of the unit with respect to its prod-
ucts.

1. General Information
ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D 5
1.6 Yearly maintenance
The following tests and inspections must be carried out
annually by an authorized service person to verify that
the unit meets the specifications and performance crite-
ria essential for correct and safe operation.
When taking measurements that require a multimeter,
always use a digital multimeter (DMM).
Exposure switch and cable
Check that the exposure switch and cable are not dam-
aged. Check that the exposure switch button does
not stick down when pressed. Take a test exposure
to check that the exposure switch functions correctly.
Replace the exposure switch and cable if they are dam-
aged or do not function correctly.
mA test
WARNING: X-rays are generated when this test is car-
ried out. PROTECT YOURSELF FROM RADIATION.
1. Connect the +probe of a DMM to test pin TP18
(mAfb) and the -probe to TP17(GND) on the L1800
Generator board.
WARNING: When the EMC shield is removed high
voltage parts are accessible. Special attention is
required: DO NOT to touch the high voltage parts on
the L1800 and P1910 boards.
2. Select service command exp and an exposure time
of 2000 ms (refer to section 5. S2terminal and ser-
vice functions, in this manual).
3. Protect yourself from radiation and take an expo-
sure. Check the feedback values from the DMM.
The feedback values must be within the tolerance.
Selected mA mAfb (V) Tolerance (V)
6 1.2 ±0.15 (1.05 - 1.35)
8 1.58 ±0.15 (1.43 - 1.73)
10 2.0 ±0.15 (1.85 - 2.15)
12 2.4 ±0.15 (2.25 - 2.55)

6 ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D
1. General Information
If the value is not within the tolerance, recalibrate
the Generator board, see section 5.2 Service Com-
mands (the calib command).
kV test
WARNING: X-rays are generated when this test is car-
ried out. PROTECT YOURSELF FROM RADIATION.
1. Connect the +probe of a DMM to test pin TP14
(kVfb) and the -probe to TP17(GND) on the Genera-
tor board.
NOTICE! The measurement can be also performed
through the dedicated openigs in the upper left cor-
ner of the EMC shield.
WARNING: When the EMC shield is removed high
voltage parts are accessible. Special attention is
required: DO NOT to touch the high voltage parts on
the L1800 and P1910 boards.
2. Select the kV in s2terminal, using the "setkv [xx]"
command. Then set exposure time to 2000 ms us-
ing command exp (refer to section 5. S2terminal
and service functions, in this manual).
3. Protect yourself from radiation and take an expo-
sure. Check the feedback values from the DMM.
The feedback values must be within the tolerances.
Selected kV kVfb Tolerance (V)
66 3.00 ±0.1 (2.90 - 3.10)
70 3.18 ±0.1 (3.08 - 3.28)
73 3.32 ±0.1 (3.22 - 3.42)
77 3.50 ±0.1 (3.40 - 3.60)
81 3.68 ±0.1 (3.58 - 3.78)
If the values are not within the tolerances, recali-
brate the Generator board, see section 5.2 Service
Commands (the calib command).
4. Exit the exp mode using command "q"
5. Set the next kV value with "setkv [xx]" and take a
new exposure.
Repeat the procedure for all of the values listed in
table under step 3.

1. General Information
ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D 7
Beam alignment test
Check the beam alignment. Refer to the Installation
manual of the unit for information on how to do this.
Ground test
Disconnect the unit from the main power supply before
carrying out this test.
For ME EQUIPMENT with an APPLIANCE INLET the
impedance between the earth pin in the APPLIANCE
INLET and any part that is PROTECTIVELY EARTHED
shall not exceed 0.1 ohm. The grounding resistance is
measured between APPLIANCE INLET ground pin and
any metal part of the unit.
The resistance MUST be <0.1 ohm.
Motor movements
Switch the unit off and then manually rotate the rotating
unit to check that the stepper motor moves freely and
without any looseness.
Switch the unit on, activate the T-mode "test" and then
take an exposure to check that the motors operate
smoothly and without any excessive noise.
Press the up/down keys to check the Z-motor (vertical
carriage movement). The motor must operate smoothly
and without any excessive noise.
Position detectors
Press the up key and drive the unit up. Make sure that
the unit stops moving at its uppermost position.
Press the down key and drive the unit down. Make sure
that the unit stops moving at its lowermost position.
Manually rotate the rotating unit to one of its end posi-
tions and then press the return button and make sure
that the rotating unit returns to the ready position. Re-
peat the test for the other end position.
Use service command optotest, see section 5.2 Ser-
vice Commands, to check the rotating unit optosensors.
Manually turn the rotating unit in one direction and then
press return. Repeat for the other direction.

8 ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D
1. General Information
Patient Positioning Lasers
Check that the patient positioning lasers work and are
positioned correctly. Refer to the Installation and set-up
manual for information on how to do this.
Mains power supply cable
Check the condition of main power supply cable and
replace it if damaged.
Mains power switch
Check the operation of the mains power switch. Re-
place the switch if it appears faulty or otherwise not
working properly.
Tubehead
Make sure that oil is not leaking from the tubehead. If
the tubehead shows signs of oil leakage, replace it.
Fire risk
WARNING: Disconnect the unit from the main power
supply before carrying out the next task.
To eliminate the risk of fire use a vacuum cleaner to re-
move all dust that has accumulated inside the unit and
cover air vents. Remove all dust from the circuit boards,
and pay special attention to the Generator board L1800,
PFC P1910 and EMC shield holes.
Covers and Labels
Check that all covers are correctly installed and in good
condition. Also check that all the labels are attached to
the unit and that they are all legible.

1. General Information
ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D 9
1.7 Disposal
At the end of useful working life of the unit, its spare
and replacement parts and accessories make sure that
you follow all local, national and international regula-
tions regarding the correct and safe disposal and/or
recycling of the unit, its spare and replacement parts
and accessories.
The unit and its spare parts and accessories may in-
clude parts that are made of or include materials that
are non-environmentally friendly or hazardous. These
parts must be disposed of in accordance with all lo-
cal, national and international regulations regarding the
disposal of non-environmentally friendly or hazardous
materials.
The following hazardous materials and substances can
be found in the unit, its spare and replacement parts
and assemblies:
- Lead (Pb):
circuit boards, tubehead, collimator,
CCD sensor assembly
- Cadmium (Cd):
none
- Mercury (Mg):
none
- PBB Polybrominated biphenyls:
none
- PBDE polybrominated diphenyl ethers:
none
Other materials and substances in the unit, its spare
parts and assemblies that could be hazardous and are
non-environmentally friendly are:
- Mineral oil:
tubehead

10 ORTHOPANTOMOGAPH OP 2D
2. Unit Description
2. Unit Description
2.1 The ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPH™ OP 2D
The ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPH OP 2D extraoral x-ray
unit is designed to take exposures of the dento-maxillo-
facial region.
The unit cannot be used to take x-ray exposures of any
other part of the human anatomy.
The unit can be used to take adult panoramic (full
width), child panoramic (reduced width), TMJ and bitew-
ing images.
The unit can operate using voltages:
from 100 to 120 VAC or 220 to 240 VAC
The unit is used with a PC in which CLINIVIEW™ or
some other MDD approved dental imaging software are
installed.
For information on how to use the unit refer to the User
Manual.