Kenwood TM-481A User manual

© B62-2348-20 (M,M3)
09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02
144 MHz FM TRANSCEIVER
430 MHz FM TRANSCEIVER
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
144 MHz FM 调频对讲机
430 MHz FM 调频对讲机
使用说明书
TM-281A/ TM-481A

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
144 MHz FM TRANSCEIVER
TM-281A
430 MHz FM TRANSCEIVER
TM-481A
ENGLISH

THANK YOU!
Thank you for choosing this Kenwood transceiver.
Kenwood always provides Amateur Radio products
which surprise and excite serious hobbyists. This
transceiver is no exception. As you learn how to use this
transceiver, you will find that Kenwood is pursuing “user
friendliness”. For example, each time you change the
Menu No. in Menu mode, you will see a text message on
the display that lets you know what you are configuring.
Though user friendly, this transceiver is technically
sophisticated and some features may be new to you.
Consider this manual to be a personal tutorial from the
designers. Allow the manual to guide you through the
learning process now, then act as a reference in the
coming years.
MODELS COVERED BY THIS MANUAL
The models listed below are covered by this manual.
TM-281A: 144 MHz FM Transceiver
TM-481A: 430 MHz FM Transceiver
The frequency indication examples in this instruction
manual are provided for the TM-281A (VHF model).
Therefore, the actual operation frequencies will not match
when operating the TM-481A (UHF model).
MARKET CODES
Mn:General
(Where “n” represents a variation number.)
The market code is printed on the barcode label of the
carton box.
Refer to the product specifications {pages 69, 70} for
information on the available operating frequencies within
each model. For accessories supplied with the model,
refer to page 1.
FEATURES
• Menu allows for easy control and selecting of various
functions.
• Up to 200 memory channels to program frequencies and
other various data. (Up to 100 memory channels if Memory
Channel Names are assigned to the channels.)
• Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) or Digital
Code Squelch (DCS) rejects unwanted calls from other
stations.
• Equipped with an easy-to-read large LCD with alphanumeric
display capability.
• Free PC software (Memory Control Program) is available to
program the frequency, signalling, and other settings of your
transceiver. The MCP can be downloaded at:
http://www.kenwood.com/i/products/info/amateur/software_download.html

i
PRECAUTIONS
Please observe the following precautions to prevent
fire, personal injury, and/or transceiver damage:
• Do not attempt to configure your transceiver while
driving; it is simply too dangerous.
• Be aware of local laws pertaining to the use of
headphones/headsets while driving on public roads.
If in doubt, do not wear headphones while mobiling.
• Do not transmit with high output power for extended
periods; the transceiver may overheat.
• Do not modify the transceiver unless instructed by
this manual or other Kenwood documentation.
• Do not expose the transceiver to long periods
of direct sunlight nor place it close to heating
appliances.
• Do not place the transceiver in excessively dusty,
humid or wet areas, nor on unstable surfaces.
• If an abnormal odor or smoke is detected
coming from the transceiver, turn OFF the power
immediately. Contact a Kenwood service station or
your dealer.
• This transceiver is designed for a 13.8 V power
source. Never use a 24 V battery to power the
transceiver.
NOTICES TO THE USER
When condensation occurs inside the transceiver:
Condensation may occur inside the transceiver when the room is warmed
using a heater on a cold day or when the transceiver is quickly moved
from a cold location to a warm location. When condensation occurs, the
microcomputer and/or the transmit/receive circuits may become unstable,
resulting in transceiver malfunction. If this happens, turn OFF the transceiver
and wait for a while. When the condensed droplets disappear, the transceiver
will function normally.

ii
CONTENTSVFO MODE .......................................................... 15
MHz MODE ..........................................................16
DIRECT FREQUENCY ENTRY .....................................16
CHAPTER 5MENU SETUP
WHAT IS A MENU? ................................................18
MENU ACCESS......................................................18
MENU FUNCTION LIST.......................................... 19
CHAPTER 6OPERATING THROUGH REPEATERS
OFFSET PROGRAMMING FLOW..........................22
PROGRAMMING AN OFFSET............................... 23
SELECTING AN OFFSET DIRECTION ............................23
SELECTING AN OFFSET FREQUENCY........................... 23
ACTIVATING THE TONE FUNCTION ..............................24
SELECTING ATONE FREQUENCY................................ 24
AUTOMATIC REPEATER OFFSET........................ 25
TRANSMITTING A 1750 Hz TONE......................... 25
REVERSE FUNCTION............................................ 26
AUTOMATIC SIMPLEX CHECK (ASC).................. 26
TONE FREQUENCY ID SCAN............................... 27
CHAPTER 7MEMORY CHANNELS
NUMBER OF MEMORY CHANNELS..................... 28
SIMPLEX & REPEATER OR ODD-SPLIT
MEMORY CHANNEL?............................................ 28
STORING SIMPLEX FREQUENCIES OR
STANDARD REPEATER FREQUENCIES............. 29
STORING ODD-SPLIT REPEATER
FREQUENCIES ......................................................30
RECALLING A MEMORY CHANNEL..................... 30
SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES...................................... 1
WRITING CONVENTIONS FOLLOWED
IN THIS MANUAL...................................................... 1
CHAPTER 1PREPARATION
MOBILE INSTALLATION.......................................... 2
DC POWER CABLE CONNECTION......................... 3
Mobile Operation.................................................. 3
Fixed Station Operation........................................ 4
Replacing Fuses................................................... 5
ANTENNA CONNECTION........................................ 5
ACCESSORY CONNECTIONS................................ 6
External Speaker..................................................6
Microphone........................................................... 6
PC Connection..................................................... 7
CHAPTER 2YOUR FIRST QSO
CHAPTER 3GETTING ACQUAINTED
FRONT PANEL......................................................... 9
DISPLAY................................................................. 10
REAR PANEL.......................................................... 12
MICROPHONE........................................................ 12
MIC KEYPAD DIRECT ENTRY ....................................13
CHAPTER 4OPERATING BASICS
SWITCHING THE POWER ON/OFF ......................14
ADJUSTING THE VOLUME.................................... 14
ADJUSTING THE SQUELCH .................................14
TRANSMITTING .....................................................15
SELECTING AN OUTPUT POWER ................................15
SELECTING A FREQUENCY................................. 15

iii
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
SELECTING ACTCSS FREQUENCY...........................45
CTCSS FREQUENCY ID SCAN ................................45
DCS.........................................................................46
SELECTING ADCS CODE........................................46
DCS CODE ID SCAN .............................................47
CHAPTER 10 DUAL TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY
(DTMF) FUNCTIONS
MANUAL DIALING..................................................48
DTMF MONITOR.................................................... 48
DTMF TX HOLD................................................... 49
AUTOMATIC DIALER............................................. 49
STORING ADTMF NUMBER IN MEMORY....................49
CONFIRMING STORED DTMF NUMBERS..................... 50
TRANSMITTING ASTORED DTMF NUMBER .................50
ADJUSTING THE DTMF TONE TRANSMISSION SPEED.... 50
ADJUSTING THE PAUSE DURATION .............................51
DTMF LOCK............................................................ 51
CHAPTER 11 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
APO (AUTO POWER OFF)..................................... 52
BEAT SHIFT............................................................ 52
S-METER SQUELCH..............................................52
SQUELCH HANG TIME.............................................. 53
BEEP FUNCTION................................................... 53
BUSY CHANNEL LOCKOUT.................................. 54
FREQUENCY STEP SIZE ......................................54
DISPLAY BACKLIGHT............................................55
PERMANENT BACKLIGHT........................................... 55
AUTOMATIC BACKLIGHT............................................ 55
USING THE TUNING CONTROL ...................................30
USING THE MICROPHONE KEYPAD .............................31
CLEARING A MEMORY CHANNEL....................... 31
NAMING A MEMORY CHANNEL........................... 32
MEMORY CHANNEL TRANSFER.......................... 33
MEMORY \VFO TRANSFER...................................33
CHANNEL \CHANNEL TRANSFER.............................33
CALL CHANNEL..................................................... 35
RECALLING THE CALL CHANNEL ................................35
REPROGRAMMING THE CALL CHANNEL........................ 35
CHANNEL DISPLAY...............................................36
CHAPTER 8SCAN
NORMAL SCAN......................................................38
BAND SCAN........................................................... 38
PROGRAM SCAN..................................................... 38
MHz SCAN ...........................................................39
MEMORY SCAN..................................................... 40
ALL-CHANNEL SCAN ...............................................40
GROUP SCAN......................................................... 40
CALL SCAN ............................................................ 41
PRIORITY SCAN .................................................... 41
PROGRAMMING APRIORITY CHANNEL......................... 41
USING PRIORITY SCAN ............................................42
MEMORY CHANNEL LOCKOUT............................ 42
SCAN RESUME METHOD .....................................43
CHAPTER 9SELECTIVE CALL
CTCSS AND DCS...................................................44
CTCSS.................................................................... 44

iv
LOCK FUNCTION...................................................56
TUNE ENABLE ....................................................... 56
MICROPHONE PF KEYS (KEYPAD MODELS ONLY).... 57
NARROW BAND FM OPERATION......................... 58
POWER-ON MESSAGE ......................................... 58
PROGRAMMABLE VFO......................................... 59
TIME-OUT TIMER...................................................60
CHAPTER 12 MICROPHONE CONTROL
MIC LOCK...............................................................62
CHAPTER 13 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
CHAPTER 14 TROUBLESHOOTING
MAINTENANCE...................................................... 64
GENERAL INFORMATION............................................64
SERVICE................................................................ 64
SERVICE NOTE....................................................... 64
CLEANING.............................................................. 65
RESETTING THE TRANSCEIVER......................... 65
INITIAL SETTINGS ....................................................65
FULL RESET ..........................................................65
VFO RESET.......................................................... 66
TROUBLESHOOTING............................................ 67
SPECIFICATIONS
INDEX

1
SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES
After carefully unpacking the transceiver, identify the
items listed in the table below. We recommend you keep
the box and packaging for shipping.
Accessory Qty
Microphone (DTMF Mic) 1
DC power cable (Blade) 1
Fuse (Blade) 1
Mounting bracket 1
Screw set 1
Microphone hanger 1
Instruction manual 1
WRITING CONVENTIONS FOLLOWED IN THIS MANUAL
The writing conventions described below have been
followed to simplify instructions and avoid unnecessary
repetition.
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Instruction What to do

2
1
PREPARATION
2Position the transceiver, then insert and tighten
the supplied hexagon SEMS screws (4) and flat
washers (4).
• Double check that all hardware is tightened to prevent
vehicle vibration from loosening the bracket or
transceiver.
• Determine the appropriate angle of the transceiver, using
the 3 screw hole positions on the side of the mounting
bracket.
MOBILE INSTALLATION
To install the transceiver, select a safe, convenient
location inside your vehicle that minimizes danger to your
passengers and yourself while the vehicle is in motion.
Consider installing the unit at an appropriate position so
that knees or legs will not strike it during sudden braking
of your vehicle. Try to pick a well ventilated location that
is shielded from direct sunlight.
1Install the mounting bracket in the vehicle using the
supplied self-tapping screws (4), flat washers (4), and
spring washers (4).
• The bracket must be installed so that the 3 screw hole
positions on the side of the mounting bracket are towards
the rear of the bracket.
Self-tapping screw
(5 mm x 16 mm)
Flat washer
SEMS
screw
Spring washer

3
1
4Confirm the correct polarity of the connections, then
attach the power cable to the battery terminals;
red connects to the positive (+) terminal and black
connects to the negative (–) terminal.
• Use the full length of the cable without cutting off excess
even if the cable is longer than required. In particular,
never remove the fuse holders from the cable.
5Reconnect any wiring removed from the negative
terminal.
6Connect the DC power cable to the transceiver’s
power supply connector.
• Press the connectors firmly together until the locking tab
clicks.
DC POWER CABLE CONNECTION
Locate the power input connector as close to the transceiver as
possible.
MOBILE OPERATION
The vehicle battery must have a nominal rating of 12 V.
Never connect the transceiver to a 24 V battery. Be sure
to use a 12 V vehicle battery that has sufficient current
capacity. If the current to the transceiver is insufficient,
the display may darken during transmission, or transmit
output power may drop excessively.
1Route the DC power cable supplied with the
transceiver directly to the vehicle’s battery terminals
using the shortest path from the transceiver.
• If using a noise filter, it should be installed with an
insulator to prevent it from touching metal on the vehicle.
• We recommend you do not use the cigarette lighter
socket as some cigarette lighter sockets introduce an
unacceptable voltage drop.
• The entire length of the cable must be dressed so it is
isolated from heat, moisture, and the engine secondary
(high voltage) ignition system/ cables.
2After the cable is in place, wrap heat-resistant tape
around the fuse holder to protect it from moisture and
tie down the full run of cable.
3To prevent the risk of short circuits, disconnect other
wiring from the negative (–) battery terminal before
connecting the transceiver.
Red
Black
Fuse holder
Fuse holder

4
1
2Connect the transceiver’s DC power connector to the
connector on the DC power cable.
• Press the connectors firmly together until the locking tab
clicks.
Note:
◆For your transceiver to fully exhibit its performance capabilities,
we recommend using the optional PS-60 (22.5 A, 25% duty
cycle) power supply.
◆Before connecting the DC power supply to the transceiver, be
sure to switch the transceiver and the DC power supply OFF.
◆Do not plug the DC power supply into an AC outlet until you
make all connections.
FIXED STATION OPERATION
In order to use this transceiver for fixed station operation,
you will need a separate 13.8 V DC power supply (not
included). The recommended current capacity of your
power supply is 14 A or more.
1Connect the DC power cable to the regulated DC
power supply and ensure that the polarities are correct
(Red: positive, Black: negative).
• Do not directly connect the transceiver to an AC outlet.
• Use the supplied DC power cable to connect the
transceiver to a regulated power supply.
• Do not substitute a cable with smaller gauge wires.
To AC outlet
Regulated DC
power supply
Black (–)
Red (+)
Fuse holder
Fuse holder

5
1
REPLACING FUSES
If the fuse blows, determine the cause, then correct the
problem. After the problem is resolved, replace the fuse.
If newly installed fuses continue to blow, disconnect
the power cable and contact your authorized Kenwood
dealer or an authorized Kenwood service center for
assistance.
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Fuse Location Fuse Current Rating
Only use fuses of the specified type and rating; otherwise the
transceiver could be damaged.
Note: If you use the transceiver for a long period when the vehicle
battery is not fully charged, or when the engine is OFF, the battery
may become discharged, and will not have sufficient reserves to start
the vehicle. Avoid using the transceiver under these conditions.
ANTENNA CONNECTION
Before operating, install an efficient, well-tuned antenna.
The success of your installation will depend largely on
the type of antenna and its correct installation. The
transceiver can give excellent results if the antenna
system and its installation are given careful attention.
Use a 50 Ωimpedance antenna and low-loss coaxial feed
line that has a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, to match
the transceiver input impedance. Coupling the antenna
to the transceiver via feed lines having an impedance
other than 50 Ωreduces the efficiency of the antenna
system and can cause interference to nearby broadcast
television receivers, radio receivers, and other electronic
equipment.
◆Transmitting without first connecting an antenna or other
matched load may damage the transceiver. Always connect the
antenna to the transceiver before transmitting.
◆All fixed stations should be equipped with a lightning arrester to
reduce the risk of fire, electric shock, and transceiver damage.
Feed line connector
Antenna connector
To antenna

6
1
ACCESSORY CONNECTIONS
EXTERNAL SPEAKER
If you plan to use an external speaker, choose a speaker
with an impedance of 8 Ω. The external speaker jack
accepts a 3.5 mm (1/8") mono (2-conductor) plug. We
recommend using the SP-50B speaker.
MICROPHONE
For voice communications, connect a 600 Ωmicrophone
equipped with an 8-pin modular plug into the modular
socket on the front of the main unit. Press firmly on the
plug until the locking tab clicks.
Attach the supplied microphone hanger in an appropriate
location using the screws included in the screw set.
Microphone hanger
Microphone
hanger screw
(3 mm x 10 mm)
Keypad serial data
No Connection
MIC, 600 Ωimpedance
GND (MIC)
PTT
GND
DC 8 V, 100 mA max
No Connection

7
1
PC CONNECTION
To utilize the optional MCP-1A software, you must first
connect the transceiver to your PC using an optional
Programming Cable (via the microphone jack).
The MCP-1A is free downloadable software available
from Kenwood at the following URL:
http://www.kenwood.com/i/products/info/amateur/software_download.html
Note: Ask your dealer about purchasing a Programming Cable.

8
2
Are you ready to give your transceiver a quick try?
Reading this section should get your voice on the
air right away. The instructions below are intended
only as a quick guide. If you encounter problems
or there is something you would like to know more,
read the detailed explanations given later in this
manual.
YOUR FIRST QSO
1Press [ ](Power) briefly to switch the transceiver
power ON.
• A high pitched double beep sounds and a Power-on
message appears momentarily. The various indicators
and the current operating frequency appear on the LCD.
• The transceiver stores the current parameters when it is
turned OFF and automatically recalls those parameters
the next time you turn the transceiver ON.
2Turn the Volume control clockwise, to the 12 o’clock
position.
3Turn the Tuning control to select a reception
frequency.
• You may further turn the Volume control to adjust the
volume level of the signal.
4
To transmit, hold the microphone approximately 5 cm
(2 inches) from your mouth.
5Press and hold Mic [PTT], then speak in your normal
tone of voice.
6Release Mic [PTT] to receive.
7Repeat steps 4, 5, and 6to continue
communication.
123
6
5

9
3
GETTING ACQUAINTED
FRONT PANEL
Note: This section describes only the main functions of the front
panel controls. Explanations for functions not described here are
provided in the appropriate sections of this instruction manual.
.;=B>
:@
q(Power) switch/ Volume control
Press to switch the transceiver power ON or OFF
{page 14}.
Turn to adjust the level of the receive audio from the
speaker {page 14}.
wMENU button/ Tuning control
Press to enter MHz Mode {page 16}. In this mode,
you can change the operating frequency in 1 MHz
steps using the Tuning control or Mic [UP]/[DWN].
Press and hold for 1 second while in VFO Mode to
begin MHz Scan {page 39} or while in MR Mode to
begin Group Scan {page 40}.
Press
[F] then press [MENU] to enter Menu Mode
{page 18}.
Turn to select:
• Operating frequencies when in VFO Mode {page 15}.
• Memory Channels when in Memory Recall Mode
{page 30}.
• Menu Nos. when in Menu Mode {page 18}.
• Scan direction while scanning {pages 27, 37, 45, 47}.
eCALL key
Press to recall the Call Channel {page 35}. Press and
hold for 1 second while in VFO Mode to begin Call/
VFO Scan {page 41}. Press and hold for
1 second while in Memory Recall Mode to begin Call/
Memory Scan {page 41}.
Press
[F] then press [CALL] to activate the Tone {page
24}, CTCSS {page 44}, or DCS {page 46} function.
rVFO key
Press to enter VFO Mode {page 15}. In this mode,
you can change the operating frequency using the
Tuning control or Mic [UP]/[DWN]. Press and hold for
1 second while in VFO Mode to begin Band Scan {page
38}. Press and hold for 1 second while in VFO Mode
after programming a scan range to begin Program
Scan {page 38}.

10
3
In MR Mode, press [F] then press [VFO] to transfer
the contents of the selected Memory Channel to the
VFO {page 33}.
tMR key
Press to enter Memory Recall Mode {page 30}. In this
mode, you can change memory channels using the
Tuning control or Mic [UP]/[DWN]. Press and hold
for 1 second while in Memory Recall Mode to begin
Memory Scan {page 40}.
Press
[F], use the Tuning control to select the desired
channel, then press [MR] to reprogram the Call
Channel or a Memory Channel {page 29}.
yREV key
Press to switch the transmit frequency and receive
frequency when operating with an offset {page 23} or
an odd-split Memory Channel {page 28}.
Press
[F] then press [REV] and rotate the Tuning
control to increase or decrease the squelch level
{page 14}.
u/F key
Press and hold for 1 second to lock the transceiver
keys {page 56}.
Press momentarily to access the second functions of
the transceiver keys.
DISPLAY
12 3 45 6 7
8
9
17 16 15 14 13 12
1110
1
Appears when the CTCSS function is activated {page 44}.
2
Appears when the Tone function is activated {page 24}.
3
Appears when the DCS function is activated {page 46}.
4
Appears when the repeater shift function is activated
{pages 23, 30}. (“ ” is not used on this transceiver.)
5
Appears when the Reverse function is activated {page 26}.

11
3
6
Appears when the Automatic Simplex Check (ASC)
function is activated {page 26}.
7
Appears when the Priority Scan function is activated
{page 42}.
8
“WX” is not used on this transceiver.
9
Appears when narrow FM Mode is selected {page 58}.
10
Displays the frequencies, Menu settings, Memory name
and other information.
11
Displays the Menu No., Memory Channel number, and
status {pages 18, 29}.
12
Appears when the displayed Memory Channel has data
{page 29}.
13
Appears when the Key Lock function is ON {page 56}.
14
Appears when the Memory Channel Lockout function is
ON {page 42}.
15
Shows the strength of transmitted {page 15} and received
{page 52} signals.
indicates the squelch is open and the frequency
is “busy”. It also appears when the squelch is set to
minimum {page 14}. If using CTCSS or DCS, it indicates
the squelch is open due to a received signal that contains
the same CTCSS tone or DCS code that is set in your
transceiver. acts as an S-meter while
receiving and an RF power meter while transmitting.
indicates the transceiver is transmitting.
16
Appears when the function key is pressed.
17
H appears when high power transmission is selected and
L appears when low power is selected {page 15}.
(“M” is not used on this transceiver.)

12
3
REAR PANEL
: @ .
qAntenna connector
Connect an external antenna {page 5} here. When
making test transmissions, connect a dummy load in
place of the antenna. The antenna system or load
should have an impedance of 50 Ω.
wPower Input 13.8 V DC cable
Connect a 13.8 V DC power source here. Use the
supplied DC power cable {pages 3, 4}.
eSP (speaker) jack
If desired, connect an optional external speaker for
clearer audio. This jack accepts a 3.5 mm (1/8")
mono (2-conductor) plug. See page 6.
MICROPHONE
:: ;
=
B
>
2
@
.
qPTT (Push-to-Talk) switch
Press and hold to transmit. Release to receive.
wDWN/ key
Press to lower the operating frequency, Memory
Channel number, Menu Number, etc. Hold down
to repeat the action. Also press to switch between
values for functions with multiple choices. Press and
hold Mic [PTT], then press [DWN/ ] to transmit .
eUP/ key
Press to raise the operating frequency, Memory
Channel number, Menu Number, etc. Hold down
to repeat the action. Also press to switch between
values for functions with multiple choices. Press and
hold Mic [PTT], then press [UP/ ] to transmit .
DTMF Microphone Microphone (KMC-30)

13
3
rCALL/A key
Identical to the front panel CALL key. This key can
be reprogrammed if desired {page 57}. Press and hold
Mic [PTT], then press [CALL/A] to transmit A.
tVFO/B key
Identical to the front panel VFO key. This key can be
reprogrammed if desired {page 57}. Press and hold
Mic [PTT], then press [VFO/B] to transmit B.
yMR/C key
Identical to the front panel MR key. This key can be
reprogrammed if desired {page 57}. Press and hold
Mic [PTT], then press [MR/C] to transmit C.
uPF/D key
The default function of this key is 1 MHz step. This
key can be reprogrammed if desired {page 57}. Press
and hold Mic [PTT], then press [PF/D] to transmit D.
iDTMF keypad
This 16-key keypad is used for DTMF functions
{page 48} or to directly enter an operating frequency
{page 16}, or a Memory Channel number {page 30}.
The keypad can also be used to program a Memory
Channel name, Power-on message, or other character
strings {page 61}.
MIC KEYPAD DIRECT ENTRY
The microphone keypad (keypad models only) allows you
to make various entries depending on which mode the
transceiver is in.
In VFO or Memory Recall mode, use the Mic keypad to
select a frequency {page 16} or Memory Channel number
{page 30}. First press the Mic PF key assigned the
ENTER function {page 57}.
To manually send a DTMF number, press and hold Mic
[PTT], then press the DTMF keys on the Mic keypad {page
48} in sequence.
You can also use the Mic keypad to program a Memory
Channel name, Power-on message, or other character
strings {page 61}.