KLING & FREITAG CD 44 User manual

Hardware K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller
User's Manual
Important Information,
Please Read Before Use!
KLING &FREITAG GmbH
Junkersstrasse 14
D-30179 Hannover
PHONE [phone]
FAX [phone]
www.kling-freitag.de
Version 10.1
Released: 22.04.2009

User’s Manual Hardware K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller
KLING & FREITAG GMBH ©2006 - 2009 Version 10.1, 22.04.2009 Page 2 of 63
Thank you for your decision to buy a Kling & Freitag product. To guarantee a trouble-free
operating of the equipment and to enable the CD 44 Controller to achieve its full potential,
please read the operating instructions carefully before use.
With the purchase of the CD 44 Controller, you have acquired a device with the highest
possible quality and performance capabilities.
As the owner of this system, you now have a versatile and highly professional tool which,
when operated properly, is a true pleasure to use.
1. Symbols in User's Manual
Warning
This symbol indicates the possibility of life-threatening danger and a
health risk for persons. Not following these instructions may result in
serious health problems including potentially fatal injuries.
Caution
This symbol indicates a possibly dangerous situation. Not following
these instructions may cause minor injuries or cause property
damage.
Important
This symbol gives instructions for the proper use of the described
products. Not following these instructions may cause damage to the
equipment or other property.
2. Information about this User’s Manual
User's Manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller, Version 10.1, 22.04.2009
© by Kling & Freitag GmbH, 2006 - 2009; all rights reserved.
All specifications in this manual are based on information available at the time of publishing
for the features and safety guidelines of the described product.
Technical specifications, measurements, weights and features are not guaranteed.
The manufacturer reserves the right to make product alterations within legal provisions as
well as changes to improve product quality.
All persons who use the device must have this guide and all further information for
safe operations available to them during assembly, disassembly, and us.
We appreciate any input with suggestions and improvements for this manual. Please send
this to us at the following address:
[e-mail] or to:
KLING & FREITAG GMBH Junkersstr.14 D-30179 Hannover
Phone +49 (0)511 / 96 99 70 Fax +49 (0)511 / 67 37 94

User’s Manual Hardware K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller
KLING & FREITAG GMBH ©2006 - 2009 Version 10.1, 22.04.2009 Page 3 of 63
3. Contents
Chapter / Section Page
1. Symbols in User's Manual 2
2. Information about this User’s Manual 2
3. Contents 3
4. General Safety Instructions 5
5. Regulations for Disposal 6
5.1 Germany 6
5.2 EU, Norway, Island, and Liechtenstein 6
5.3 Other Countries 6
6. Product Description 7
7. Software and Firmware Update 8
8. Connectors, Functions, Controls and Displays 8
8.1 Front Panel 8
8.2 Rear Panel 11
9. Making Adjustments and Navigating Through the Menus 12
9.1 The Use of the Shortcut Buttons 12
9.1.1 Parametric Filters 'PEQ' + SEQ LShelv (Filter A Button) 12
9.1.2 Switchable, Speaker Specific Filters (Filter B Button) 16
9.1.3 Input and Output Gains (Gain Button) 18
9.1.4 Input and Output Delays (Delay Button) 19
9.2 InfoWindow: Display of Basic Settings 19
9.3 Main Menu 20
9.4 Submenu 20
9.5 Settings in the Editing Mode 21
9.5.1 Editing Mode with One Editing Line 21
9.5.2 Editing Mode with Several Editing Lines 22
9.5.3 Editing Mode with Selection Lines 23
9.6 Menu Tree of the CD 44 and Explanation of the Functions 24
9.6.1 Functions of the Menu Item ‘Setup’ 25
9.6.2 Functions of the Menu Items under ‘In’ 26
9.6.3 Functions of the Menu Items under ‘Out’ 30
9.6.4 Functions of the Menu Items under ‘Util’ 33
10. Routings with Examples of Use and Connecting Diagrams 35
10.1 'Rack Unit' Connecting Diagram for 1 CD 44 and 2 Amplifiers 36
10.2 K&F 'System Rack' Connecting Diagram 37
10.3 Routing '1 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 1' 38
10.3.1 Block Diagram 38
10.3.2 Setup 'Example 1', T5 / T9 with B10 on 2 Channels 38
10.4 Routing '1 in 4 out (Linked)' / Setup 'Example 2' 40
10.4.1 Block Diagram 40
10.4.2 Setup 'Example 2', 4 x Line 212-6 with 4 x SW 215E 41
10.5 Routing '2 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 3' 42
10.5.1 Block Diagram 42
10.5.2 Setup 'Example 3', Line 212/SW 215E & Monitor CA 1215/SW 115E 42
10.6 Routing '2 in 4 out (Linked)' / Setup 'Example 4' 43

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10.6.1 Block Diagram 43
10.6.2 Setup 'Example 4', Line 212 / SW 215E, stereo 43
10.7 Routing '4 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 5' 44
10.7.1 Block Diagram 44
10.7.2 Setup 'Example 5', 4- Way Monitor Setup 44
10.8 Routing '1 in 2 + 2 in 2' / Setup 'Example 6' 45
10.8.1 Block Diagram 45
10.8.2 Setup 'Example 6', Front: CA1515 / SW118E + 2 Adjoining Rooms 45
10.9 Routing '1 in 3 + AUX' / Setup 'Example 7' 46
10.9.1 Block Diagram 46
10.9.2 Setup 'Example 7', 3 x SEQUENZA 10 B Cardioid + SW 115 E 46
10.10 Routing '1 in 4 in 4' / Setup 'Example 8' 47
10.10.1 Block Diagram 47
10.10.2 Setup 'Example 8', Delay-Line 47
10.11 Routing '1 in 3 + 1 in 1' / Setup 'Example 9' 48
10.11.1 Block Diagram 48
10.11.2 Setup 'Example 9', T5 / T9 with B5 and additional Bass B10 48
10.12 Routing '2 in 4 in 4' / Setup 'Example 10' 50
10.12.1 Block Diagram 50
10.12.2 Setup 'Example 10 50
10.13 Routing '1 in 2 + Aux + 1 in 1' / Setup 'Example 11' 51
10.13.1 Block Diagram 51
10.13.2 Setup 'Example 11 51
10.14 Patching: Analog 1&2 Mix / Routing '2 in 4 in 4' / Setup 'Example 12 52
10.14.1 Block Diagram 52
10.14.2 Setup 'Example 12 52
10.15 Sequenza 10 N / W Routing '1 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 13' 53
10.15.1 Block Diagram 53
10.15.2 Setup 'Example 13' 53
10.16 Sequenza 10 N / W: Routing '1 in 2 + Aux + 1 in 1' / Setup 'Example 14' 54
10.16.1 Block Diagram 54
10.16.2 Setup 'Example 14' 54
11. Subwoofer with integrated Crossover on the CD 44 55
12. SP Speakers on the CD 44 55
13. Recommendations for Configuration 56
13.1 Operating several Speakers per CD 44 Channel 56
13.2 The correct Level Balance between Bass and Top Speakers 56
13.2.1 SW 112 / SW 115D / SW 115E / SW 118E 57
13.2.2 SW 215E / SW 215D / ACCESS B5 / ACCESS B10 / SEQUENZA 10 B 59
14. Instructions for AES / EBU Data Transmission 61
14.1 General Instructions 61
14.2 Transmissions over long Distances 61
15. Wiring 62
16. Operating the Controller 62
17. Technical Specifications CD 44 63

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4. General Safety Instructions
Warning: To avoid electric shock hazard, do not expose this appliance to rain or
moisture. The enclosures may only be opened by qualified personnel!
Do not install devices in any of the following places:
−where the units are permanently exposed to direct sunlight.
−near any heat sources and open fire.
−do not put candles etc. on top of the controller.
−where the airflow for cooling is blocked.
−where they are exposed to high moisture.
−where they are exposed to strong vibrations and dust.
Power supply
Before connecting the AC power cable of the controller, please check if the available volt-
age is compatible with the operating voltage as indicated on the unit. If this is not the
case, then the unit needs to be adapted by the manufacturer or an authorized service
centre. If the unit is not compatible with the available voltage, it should never be
connected! This could irreparably ruin the controller.
Make sure that the power outlet supplies a ground connector, which must be connected
to the unit via the PE conductor of the power cord!
All equipment, which is connected together using signal cables and has a connection to
protective earth, must be connected to a common PE conductor. If not, there is a risk of
an electric shock or the destruction of the connected equipment. The power plug must
always be used to disconnect from the power supply. Furthermore, the power plug must
be easily accessible for use at all times.
Protection of electrical cables
Power cords should be laid in such a way that they are protected against footstep dam-
ages, tensile strain and against being trapped.
Transportation
When transporting the equipment, make sure that it is protected from vibrations.
Cleaning
The equipment should only be cleaned with a damp cloth and when it is not plugged in.
Pauses in use
The power cord should be disconnected from the power source during longer pauses in
use.
Intrusion of liquids
No liquids should intrude or leak into the equipment.
Maintenance and technical service
The user should not perform any maintenance work on the equipment other than that
which is described in this manual. Repairs have to be executed by a qualified service
technician only.
In the following cases, the unit should be serviced by an authorized technician only if
−the power cord or the mains connectors have been damaged.
−objects or liquids have gotten into it.
−it was exposed to rain.
−it doesn't appear to be functioning properly.
−it has fallen down or the enclosure is damaged.
Unwanted interference
RF interference on the power cord or on the line signal cables may lead to unwanted
sound interference.
Warning
Important
C
A
U
TI
O
N
Risk of electric shock!
Do not open the unit!

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5. Regulations for Disposal
5.1 Germany
It is not allowed to dispose of used electrical equipment as domestic waste.
But please do not dispose of them at official collecting points for recycling either!
All Kling & Freitag products are plain business-to-business (B2B) products.
Kling & Freitag products labelled with a waste bin sign have thus to be disposed of by Kling
& Freitag alone. Please call Kling & Freitag at the number stated below if you have a Kling &
Freitag product to be disposed of. We will offer you a straightforward and professional
disposal with no costs involved.
If there is no waste bin sign on one of your Kling & Freitag products, because it has been
sold before March 2006, then by law the owner is in charge of the disposal. In this case we
will be happy to assist and offer you proper ways of disposal.
Telephone number to call about the disposal of used Kling & Freitag products:
[phone]
Explanation:
With the ElektroG (law relating to electrical and electronic equipment and appliances) we
have complied with the EU-directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE,
2002/96/EC).
From 03/24/2006 onwards Kling & Freitag GmbH has thus labelled all products mentioned in
the WEEE with a sign with a crossed out waste bin and a white bar below. This sign indicates
that the disposal as domestic waste is prohibited and that the product has been put into
circulation on 03/24/2006 at the earliest.
Kling & Freitag GmbH has been legally registered as a manufacturer with the German
registration office EAR. Our WEEE registration number is: DE64110372
For the German Registration office EAR we have accredited that our products are sole
B2B products.
5.2 EU, Norway, Island, and Liechtenstein
It is not allowed to dispose of used electrical equipment as domestic waste.
From 08/13/2005 onwards Kling & Freitag GmbH has thus labelled all products for EU-
Member countries as well as Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein (except Germany) mentioned
in the WEEE with a sign with a crossed out waste bin and a white bar below. This sign
indicates that the disposal on domestic waste is prohibited and that the product has been
put into circulation on 08/13/2005 at the earliest.
Unfortunately the European directive WEEE has been complied with implementing different
national provisions of law throughout all member countries, which makes it impossible for us
to offer consistent solutions for the disposal throughout Europe.
Responsible for complying with these provisions of law is the local distributor (importer) of
each country.
For proper disposal of used products in accordance with these local provisions in the
mentioned countries of the European Union (except Germany) please ask your local dealer or
the local authorities.
5.3 Other Countries
For proper disposal of used products in accordance with local provisions in other than the
above mentioned countries please ask your local dealer or the local authorities.

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KLING & FREITAG GMBH ©2006 - 2009 Version 10.1, 22.04.2009 Page 7 of 63
6. Product Description
The signal processor CD 44 is a digital 4 in 4-way speaker controller that can process both
analogue and digital signals in the AES/EBU format up to 192 kHz.
The controller is equipped with the finest AD and DA state-of-the-art converters as well as 3
micro-controllers and 8! integrated signal processors (DSP). It not only offers excellent audio
results, but also a multitude of special features and novel functions:
Multi-level memory concept for parameter management
The parameter sets for almost all K&F speaker systems are saved in the form of macros in the
device (the so-called ‘LSBlocks’). They can be copied as a complete set of data and
independently of one another into each of the 4 output channels.
The specification of one K&F phase reference for multi-way operations is advantageous
because of its high level of compatibility. Without requiring phase adjustments, the various K&F
tops can be combined with all K&F subwoofers.
Additional LSBlocks ‘Flat’ facilitate the integration of third-party products (with limitations) or
the processing and linking of signals to speakers with integrated filters and amplifier
electronics.
14 pre-configured routings allow every reasonable configuration from up to 4 different input
signals to the 4 output channels.
Frequently used combinations of routings and ‘LSBlocks’ can be saved along with further
parameters (such as Gain / Delay / PEQ) in up to 64 set-ups.
Two-step limiter concept
Two limiters work in each of the 4 output channels. A quick reacting “peak limiter”
limits the peak level and, thus, the cone excursion of the connected speakers is kept at
non-critical levels.
A slow reacting ‘RMS Limiter’ reduces the level when there is a risk that the permissible average
power will be exceeded, thus resulting in the voice coils overheating.
The pre-set values have been established in extensive series of tests. With excellent sound
qualities, they provide an outstanding compromise with regard to the peak levels and
protection of the speaker systems.
Automatic determination of gain using sense technology
The CD 44 calculates the gain of the connected amplifiers in real-time and automatically
corrects the limiters’ thresholds as soon as the gain of the connected amplifier should be
changed (i.e. by using the input potentiometer or similar). Compared to conventional devices
this results in a clearly improved reliability when adjusting the limiter thresholds.
Limiter reduction
The preset limiter thresholds can be reduced in fine increments for specific purposes. This
function is advantageous when the connected speakers are to be subjected to a particularly
long-lasting high load. In this case, the reduction of the limiter thresholds reduces the maximal
thermal and mechanical stress, thus significantly extending the product life of the speakers.
Furthermore, these functions can also be used to limit the sound levels of the speakers.
The integrated limiters and the function ‘Limiter Reduction’ can also be used for speakers with
integrated amplifier electronics. For this, the gain values of the utilised power amplifiers can be
edited manually in the CD 44.
Operating with 'Shortcut' buttons
Four buttons with ‘Shortcut’ functions make it possible to directly jump to often-used functions
without having to navigate through the menu. By pushing these buttons repeatedly, you
access the functions of all input and output channels.
In doing so, the functions ‘Gain’, ‘Delay’, ‘Filter’ and ‘PEQ’ can be quickly and easily adjusted.
Additionally, the LEDs which are integrated into the respective buttons indicate if these
functions have been changed as compared to the original settings.
31 Band One-Third Octave EQs
A separate 31 band one-third-octave EQ is assigned to each of the CD 44’s four input
channels. Up to 16 different EQ setups can be saved and administrated in an individual EQ
setup library. These EQ setups can be loaded in addition to the setups.

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7. Software and Firmware Update
If software and firmware updates are available for the CD 44, they can be found in the
download area of the Kling & Freitag website www.kling-freitag.de.
Software and firmware updates are necessary if Kling & Freitag LSBlocks are made available
for new speakers or the device’s range of function has been expanded. This ensures that the
CD 44 will always be up-to-date and assured of a good future for speaker generations to
come.
You receive the installation instructions when you execute the update s.
8. Connectors, Functions, Controls and Displays
8.1 Front Panel
521 3 4 6 7 8 9
(1)
(1)(1)
(1) - (4) Speaker connectors
4-pin Speakon connectors. All Kling & Freitag speakers that are, by default, connected
with 1+ / 1- can be plugged into these connectors.
Caution: The connectors with the position numbers 1 and 3 are connected
differently than the connectors with the position numbers 2 and 4.
Interchanging the speaker channels may ruin the speakers in some cases
(Example: high frequency speaker on bass output).
(1)
(1)(1)
(1) This output connector supplies the signal for the speaker channel 1. In this
connector, the pin 1+ is bridged with 2+, the pin 1- with 2-. The signal for channel
1 is, therefore, applied to 1+ / 1- as well as 2+ / 2-.
(2)
(2)(2)
(2) This output connector transmits signals for 2 speaker channels:
The signal for the speaker channel 2 is applied to 1+ / 1-.
The signal for the speaker channel 1 is applied to 2+ / 2-.
(3)
(3)(3)
(3) This output connector supplies the signal for the speaker channel 3. On this
connector, the pin 1+ is bridged with 2+ and pin 1- with 2-. The signal for channel
3 is, therefore, applied to 1+ / 1- as well as 2+ / 2-.
(4)
(4)(4)
(4) This output connector supplies signals for 2 speaker channels:
The signal for the speaker channel 4 is applied to 1+ / 1-.
The signal for the speaker channel 3 is applied to 2+ / 2-.
(1)
(1)(1)
(1) + (3) If you want to use the CD 44 to operate bass speakers whose 2 chassis are
controlled by separate supply lines (ACCESS B5 and ACCESS B10), then you
should use these connectors for these bass systems in order to control the
speakers via a common channel without an adapter (CH1 or CH3). Fore more
information see configuration example on page 46.
(2)
(2)(2)
(2) + (4) If you want to use the CD 44 to operate ACCESS tops T5 and T9 or Sequenza
10 N / W with separate high- and mid-range controls, you should use these
connectors for the tops because these systems must be controlled using 2
channels.
In order to implement a one-cable system (control of a top and bass via a 4-
core supply cable), you must use these connectors, because the top and bass
must be controlled using 2 different channels.
Important

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(5)
(5)(5)
(5) Signal input connectors: INPUT 1 through INPUT 4, 3-pin XLR female connectors.
These signal input connectors can be used both for analogue and for digital signals, in
accordance with the AES / EBU specifications. You must make the selection in the device
about the type of signals it is being supplied with: digital or analogue. (Further
information on pages 26 and 61). Select the type of signal source before
connecting the signals!
Upon delivery, the controller is pre-programmed for the use of analogue input signals.
These inputs correspond to the connectors on the rear panel and are wired in parallel
with them.
Do not assign the inputs on the front and rear panel simultaneously. This may
lead to malfunction or damage of other appliances!
a)
a)a)
a) Operations with analogue input signals, settings: In →
→→
→ Input Patching →
→→
→
Analog (Default, Flipped or 1&2 Mix):
Pin configuration: 1 = ground / 2 = + / 3 = - . The LINE inputs are electronically
balanced.
The nominal input level is +6dBu (1.55Vrms).
The maximum input level is +18dBu, that is, the peaks in the signal must not exceed
+18dBu (6V).
b)
b)b)
b) Operations with digital input signals, setting: In →
→→
→Input Patching →
→→
→Digital
(Default, Flipped or 1&2 Mix)
The input connectors 'INPUT 3' and 'INPUT 4' are not used in this setup!
Pin configuration: 1 = ground / 2 and 3 = digital signal.
To avoid unexpectedly high volume levels, reduce the controller’s input
gains to a value of approx. ---40 dBu before supplying these connectors with
a digital signal directly from an audio source, and then adjust the level to
your needs!
Adjust input gain at: In →
→→
→ Input1 through Input4 →
→→
→ Gain
(6)
(6)(6)
(6) SIGNAL PRESENT, LIMIT
a)
a)a)
a) SIGNAL PRESENT:
These LEDs light up green when a signal with a level higher than ---45 dBu is present
at the XLR output connectors on the rear of the unit (Out 1 through Out 4).
b)
b)b)
b) LIMIT:
The output level of the controller is limited. As a result, the controller avoids an
output level of the power amplifiers which is too high for the connected speaker.
These LEDs light up red as soon as the output level of the relevant channel comes
under the influence of the controller’s limiters. A gently engaging RMS limiter and a
fast peak limiter limit the output of the power amplifiers virtually inaudibly to the
maximum permitted level. If the red limiter LEDs light up frequently, the level of the
input signal should be reduced on the signal source preferably (i.e. on the mixing
console).
(7)
(7)(7)
(7) Display
To change the contrast, go to Util →
→→
→Display →
→→
→Contrast.
(8)
(8)(8)
(8) Knob
Turn the knob to navigate through the menus and adjust the values. Push the knob to
confirm a selection, access the submenus, the command lines, and the settings.
(9)
(9)(9)
(9) EXIT button
You can confirm the chosen settings by pushing the EXIT button, and the menu returns
to the next higher level.
Important
Important

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11
12
10
14
13
(10)
(10)(10)
(10) FILTER A Button (Shortcut Button)
Pushing the FILTER A button allows you to directly access the freely adjustable
parametric filters (PEQs) without having to navigate through the menu.
Up to four parametric filters (PEQs) are available for every active input channel.
With the parametric filters, you can adjust the speakers to the room acoustic condi-
tions or eliminate feedback during monitor use.
If a filter is active (BYP = bypass in edit mode not active), the blue LED on the FILTER A
button lights up.
For a detailed description see: Parametric Filters 'PEQ' + SEQ LShelv (Filter A
Button) beginning on page 12.
(11)
(11)(11)
(11) FILTER B Button (Shortcut Button)
By pushing the FILTER B button, you can access pre-set speaker-specific filters, such as
High-Boost, Cluster and Bass Boost, etc.
These filters cannot be adjusted by the user; they can only be switched on or off.
If one of these filters is active, the blue LED on the FILTER B button lights up.
For further information see chapter Switchable, Speaker Specific Filters (Filter B
Button) beginning on page 16.
(12)
(12)(12)
(12) GAIN Button (Shortcut Button)
Pushing the GAIN button allows you to directly access the input and output gains
without having to navigate through the menu.
After pushing the GAIN button, the first possible setting is for the signal input (input
gains). If you push it repeatedly, you access the output gains.
If one of these gain values is not zero, the red LED on the GAIN button lights up.
For further information see chapter Input and Output Gains (Gain Button)
beginning on page 18.
(13)
(13)(13)
(13) DELAY Button (Shortcut Button)
After pushing the DELAY button, the first settings you access are for the input delays.
After repeatedly pushing the button, the output delays are then accessed.
If one of these delay values is not zero, the red LED on the DELAY button lights up.
For further information see chapter Input
InputInput
Input and
andand
and Output
OutputOutput
Output Delays
DelaysDelays
Delays (Delay
(Delay(Delay
(Delay Button
ButtonButton
Button)
))
)
beginning on page 19.
(14)
(14)(14)
(14) REMOTE CONTROL
This RJ45 connector allows for you to connect the CD 44 to a computer or integrate it
into a network in order to execute remote enquiries and remote control or to import
software updates. The connection conforms to Ethernet standards. The IP address can
be changed at Util →
→→
→IP Address.
Kling & Freitag software will be provided in the future.

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8.2 Rear Panel
321 4
(1)
(1)(1)
(1) Power Supply Connector
IEC power socket 100 - 240 V~ / 50 - 60 Hz, I nominal: 150 - 100 mA.
Connect this socket to a mains outlet using the mains cable supplied with the controller.
To avoid an unintentional loosening of the mains cable, the power supply connector is
provided with a safety clamp. Flip the clamp over the connector of the mains cable after
having plugged it into the power supply connector.
Pay attention to the stated mains voltage. Connection to an incorrect mains voltage may
result in irreparable damage!
(2)
(2)(2)
(2) OUT 1 through OUT 4
3-pin XLR male connector, pin assignment: 1 = ground / 2 = + / 3 = -
These outputs deliver the line signal processed by the controller to the power amplifiers.
Connect these outputs to the inputs of the power amplifiers.
Signal input connectors: INPUT 1 through INPUT 4, 3-pin XLR female connectors.
These connectors correspond to the connectors on the front and are wired in parallel
with them. For a detailed description of the inputs see page 9.
Do not assign the inputs on the front and rear panel simultaneously. This can
lead to malfunction or damage of other appliances!
(4) AMP RETURN / SENSE
You must plug the amplified output signals of the power amplifiers into these
connectors (speaker signal).
The amplified output signals which are connected here are required by the limiters in the
controller (sense signal). The signal is routed to the Speakon connectors CH 1, CH 2, CH
3 and CH 4 on the front, so that the speakers can be connected.
If the connectors 'AMP RETURN / SENSE' are not connected to the power
amplifiers, then there is a risk that the speakers will be ruined. Exception: When
using the CD 44 with SP speakers, the AMP RETURN / SENSE inputs are not used,
as the SP speakers are equipped with their own limiters. More about this in
chapter SP Speakers on the CD 44 on page 55.
Important
Important
1+ / 1- = CH 1
2+ / 2- = CH 2 and 1+ / 1- = CH 3 2+ / 2- = CH 4

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9. Making Adjustments and Navigating Through the Menus
In this chapter, we will give a detailed description of how to make adjustments or to save or
cancel changes and how to navigate through the menus.
9.1 The Use of the Shortcut Buttons
The shortcut buttons help you to make quick adjustments without having to navigate
through the menu. We therefore recommend that you solely use the shortcut buttons and
not the menu navigation when making adjustments to the parametric filters (PEQs), the
input and output gains, as well as to the input and output delays.
Adjustments that are made using the shortcut buttons do not have to be confirmed by
pushing the exit button. After approx.10 seconds, the adjustments made to the device are
confirmed automatically.
9.1.1 Parametric Filters 'PEQ' + SEQ LShelv (Filter A Button)
By pushing the Filter A button, you access the parametric Filters (PEQ).
Using the menu navigation, the PEQs can be accessed at In →
→→
→ PEQ →
→→
→ Filter 1
through
Filter 4.
Up to 4 parametric filters per input channel serve to equalise the system, i.e. to adjust the
speaker frequencies to the room conditions. They can also be used to eliminate the feedback
during monitor uses. The PEQs are saved with the setup.
In the PEQs, the parameters for filter type, gain, frequency, and Q-factor can be adjusted.
If a filter is activated (not set at BYP = bypass in the editing mode), then the blue LED of the
filter A button will light up.
If you change to another type of filter, the Q-factor automatically sets itself to a
value of 0.707. This safeguards against unexpectedly high levels which might be
caused by a Q-factor that is too high. When you have changed the type of filter,
always make sure if a Q-factor of 0.707 meets your needs and correct it, if
necessary.
Explanation of the filter types of the PEQ:
The parameter "Gain" is adjustable in steps of 0.1, from -96 to +24 dB (independent of the
input and output gains). The parameter ‘Gain’ has no effect on the filter types 'LowP',
'HighP' and 'AP.
The parameter "Freq" is adjustable in 1Hz steps, from 10Hz to 20kHz.
1. Bell = Bell Filter
This filter increases certain
frequency ranges (positive
gain) or attenuates them
(negative gain).
The gain determines the
maximum or minimum level
increase or attenuation of the
filter (in the graph: increase of
+6dB.
This ‘bell’ is logarithmically symmetrical relative to the selected frequency (in the
example: 1000 Hz).
The Q-factor defines the quality of the filter. In doing so, it determines the width of the
frequency range which is to be increased or attenuated. The higher the Q-factor, the
narrower the frequency range. A lower Q-factor thus has a wider range.
"Q" is adjustable in steps of 0.001 from 0.2 to 20.
20 50 100 500 1000 5000 10000 20000
0
3
+6
Frequency in [Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType = 'Bell' (Bell Passband) Gain = +6dB Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0.2
Q = 0.707 (Default)
Q = 1.414
Q = 5

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Typical Q-values and their bandwidth equivalent:
Bandwidth Q- Factor
1/6 octave (whole step) 8.651
1/3 octave (third) 4.318
2/3 octave (two thirds) 2.145
1 octave 1.414
1 1/3 1.044
1 2/3 0.819
2 0.666
2. HShelv = High Shelving Filter and
3. LShelv = Low Shelving Filter
These filters increase
(positive gain) or attenuate
(negative gain) the
frequencies below
belowbelow
below or
above
aboveabove
above the selected
frequency.
Below
BelowBelow
Below =LShelv.
Above
AboveAbove
Above =HShelv.
The Q-factor determines
the slope of the filter.
Normally, shelving filters
are used with a Q-factor of
up to 0.707.
With Q-factors higher
than 0.707, the selected
frequency is increased and
an area above this
frequency range is
attenuated
correspondingly. The
shelving filter is, thus,
normally only used up to Q
0.707.
A Q higher than 0.707
may result in unwanted
sound changes (see graph).
Q is adjustable in 0.001
steps from 0.2 to 20.
SEQ LShelv:
As soon as a SEQ10 LS block is
loaded into the controller,
the corresponding input
channel of the input filter 4 is
set to SEQ LShelv. Furthermore,
frequency, Q-factor and gain
are limited to sensible levels for
this use. It is necessary to set
an LShelv for all tops in order to
counteract the coupling of the
arrayed low-mid speakers
.
The LShelv is to be programmed IDENTICALLY
IDENTICALLYIDENTICALLY
IDENTICALLY for EVERY
EVERYEVERY
EVERY input path of all tops.
20 50 100 500 1000 5000 10000 20000
-12
-10
0
+3
15
14
Frequencyin[Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType ='LShelv' (Shelving Lowpass) Gain = +3dB Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0.707 (default)
Q = 10
Low Shelving Filter, Q > 0.707
Different increases and attenuations:
Low Shelving Filter @ 100 Hz,
High Shelving Filter @ 5 kHz,
Q = 0.707
20 50 100 500 1000 5000 10000 20000
-18
-12
-6
0
+6
+12
+18
Frequencyin[Hz]
Power in [dB]
'LShelv' Shelving Lowpass @ Freq = 100Hz ⇐ FilterType ⇒ 'HShelv'
Shelving Highpass @ Freq = 5000Hz
Q = 0.707
Gain = +18 Gain = +12 Gain = +6 Gain = -6 Gain = -12 Gain = -18
Low Shelvin
g
Filter
20 50 100 500 1000 5000 10000 20000
0
3
+6
Frequency in [Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType = 'LShelv' (Shelving Lowpass) Gain = +6dB Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0.2
Q = 0.5
Q = 0.707 (default)

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SEQ LShelv setting for exemplary speaker arrays (recommended values):
Depending on the spatial geometry and other application-specific factors, the values that
must actually be set in practice may vary from the below-mentioned recommended values.
This is why the sound engineer should always fine tune the output gains when setting up
the system.
The filter depth and the cut-off frequency of the low shelving filter depend on the
amount of speakers. The larger the number of speakers
a. th
thth
the stronger the attenuation
e stronger the attenuatione stronger the attenuation
e stronger the attenuation
b. and the lower the cut
and the lower the cutand the lower the cut
and the lower the cut-
--
-off frequency
off frequencyoff frequency
off frequency
The attenuation can be set from 0 to -14 dB, the cut-off frequency from 250 Hz --- 1.2 kHz,
Q from 0.5 --- 1.0.
The following chart shows reference values for selecting the SEQ LShelv for all SEQUENZA 10
tops in each corresponding array:
No. of speakers
No. of speakersNo. of speakers
No. of speakers FRQ
FRQFRQ
FRQ Q
QQ
Q Filter
FilterFilter
Filter Depth
DepthDepth
Depth
1 - 6 1 kHz 0.7 -4.5 dB
7 - 8 850 Hz 0.7 -7 dB
9 - 10 850 Hz 0.7 -9 dB
11 - 12 500 Hz 0.7 -8.5 dB
13 - 16 300 Hz 0.7 -11 dB
17 - 18 250 Hz 0.7 -11 dB
19 - 20 350 Hz 0.5 -12 dB
21 - 22 250 Hz 0.5 -13 dB
23 - 24 250 Hz 0.5 -14 dB

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4. HighP = High Pass Filter
This example shows different
high pass filters which are
characterised by varying Q
factors.
The resulting filter Q = 0.707
is a 2nd order Butterworth
filter and causes attenuation
of 3 dB at the cut-off
frequency (-3dB @
1000Hz). Below the cut-
off frequency, there is an
attenuation of 12 dB per
octave (-12dB/octave).
A Q higher than 1 causes
a level increase at the
crossover frequency.
"Q" is adjustable in steps of 0.001 from 0.2 to 20. If a Q of 0 is selected, then the filter
is switched to the 1st order.
The parameter 'Gain' has no effect with the filter type HighP.
The following table illustrates how you can implement the common high and
low pass filters and how many parametric filters you need to do so.
Type of Filter Slope
Number of
necessary
PEQs
Q high /
low pass
filter 1
Q high /
low pass
filter 2
Q high /
low pass
filter 3
Q high /
low pass
filter 4
Butterworth 1st ord. 6 dB/oct. 1 0 - - -
Butterworth 2nd ord. 12 dB/oct. 1 0.707 - - -
Linkwitz-Riley 2nd ord. 12 dB/oct. 1 0.5 - - -
Butterworth 3rd ord. 18 dB/oct. 2 1 0 - -
Butterworth 4th ord. 24 dB/oct. 2 1.307 0.541 - -
Linkwitz-Riley 4th ord. 24 dB/oct. 2 0.707 0.707 - -
Butterworth 5th ord. 30 dB/oct. 3 1.618 0.618 0 -
Butterworth 6th ord. 36 dB/oct. 3 1.932 0.707 0.518 -
Linkwitz-Riley 6th ord. 36 dB/oct. 3 1 1 0.5 -
Butterworth 7th ord. 42 dB/oct. 4 2.247 0.802 0.555 0
Butterworth 8th ord. 48 dB/oct. 4 2.563 0.9 0.601 0.51
Linkwitz-Riley 8th ord. 48 dB/oct. 4 1.307 1.307 0.541 0.541
20 50 100 500 1000 5000 10000 20000
-24
-12
-3
0
10
20
Frequency in [Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType ='HighP' (Highpass) Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0.707 (default) →Butterworth-12dB/Oct
Q = 10
20 50 100 500 1000 5000 10000 20000
-40
-36
-24
-12
-6
-3
0
2
Frequencyin[Hz]
Powerin [dB]
FilterType = 'HighP' (Highpass) Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0 →Butterworth-6dB/Oct
Q = 0.2
Q = 0.5 →Linkwitz-Riley-12dB/Oct
Q = 0.707 (default) →Butterworth-12dB/Oct

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5. LowP = Low Pass Filter
This example shows various
low pass filters at 1000Hz,
which are characterised by
different Q-factors.
The resulting filter with Q =
0.707 is a 2nd order
Butterworth filter and causes
an attenuation of 3dB at the
cut-off frequency (-3dB @
1000Hz). Above the cut-off
frequency, there is an at-
attenuation of 12dB per
octave (-12dB / octave).
A Q higher than 1 causes a
level increase of the
crossover frequency.
"Q" is adjustable in steps of 0.001 from 0.2 to 20. If a Q of 0 is selected, then the filter
is switched to the 1st order.
The parameter 'Gain' has no effect with the filter type LowP.
In the section HighP = High Pass Filter, you will find a table for high and low
pass filters that shows examples of how to implement common low pass filters
and how many parametric filters are required to do so.
6.
6.6.
6. AP = All Pass Filter
The all pass filter is a
frequency-dependent
phase shifter. In doing
this, it does not cause any
increase or attenuation of
frequency levels.
The Q-factor determines
the slope of the phase
changes. The higher the
factor, the steeper the slope.
For a 1st order all pass filter, 0 must be selected for the Q. Values higher than 0 produce
a 2nd order all pass filter.
9.1.2 Switchable, Speaker Specific Filters (Filter B Button)
By pushing the Filter B button, you access the preset speaker-specific filters. You
YouYou
You cannot
cannotcannot
cannot
access this filter setup via the menu navigation, but only by using the shortcut button
access this filter setup via the menu navigation, but only by using the shortcut buttonaccess this filter setup via the menu navigation, but only by using the shortcut button
access this filter setup via the menu navigation, but only by using the shortcut button.
These filters cannot be set by the user --- they can only be switched on or off and are a part
of the LSBlocks. Depending on which speaker was selected for which output, there are
various filters available. The speakers are assigned as follows:
Out →
→→
→Output1 through Output4 →
→→
→ Select LS Block.
Push the Filter B button until you accesse the filter which you wish to switch on or off.
If one of these filters is switched on, then the blue LED of the Filter B button will light up.
This illustration shows a cluster filter which is assigned to a
speaker at Out1.
Cluster ->Out1 ?
Status: on
20 50 100 500 1000 5000 10000 20000
-24
-12
-3
0
10
20
Frequency in [Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType = 'LowP' (Lowpass) Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0.707 (default) →Butterworth-12dB/Oct
Q = 10
20 50 100 500 1000 5000 10000 20000
-40
-36
-24
-12
-6
-3
0
2
Frequencyin[Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType = 'LowP' (Lowpass) Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0 →Butterworth -6dB/Oct
Q = 0.2
Q = 0.5 →Linkwitz-Riley -12dB/Oct
Q = 0.707 (default) →Butterworth -12dB/Oct
20 50 100 500 1000 5000 10000 20000
-180
-135
-90
-45
0
45
90
135
180
Frequencyin[Hz]
Phase in [°]
FilterType = 'AP' (Allpass Filter) Freq = 1000Hz
Q=0
Q=0.2
Q=0.5
Q = 0.707 (default)
Q=10

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The following table shows which filters are available for the relevant LSBlocks:
Speaker (LSBlocks) Filter 1 Filter 2
SONA 5 Presence High Boost
CA-Series and Line 212 Cluster High Boost
SW-Series, all B5 and B10 Cluster /
B10 SubLow Bass Boost /
ACCESS High / High Boost
ACCESS Mid (Clus / Sngl) / /
ACCESS B5 / /
ACCESS B10 (all versions) Bass Boost /
SEQ 10 LF / HF FR Straight High Boost
SEQ 10 LF / HF LCut Straight High Boost
SEQ 10 LF (FR and LCut) Straight
SEQ10B (all versions) / Combi Mode
Explanations for the speaker-specific filters:
−Presence: Mid boost. To achieve sound compatibility with the SONA 5 without the CD
44, switch on this filter along with the High Boost Filter.
−High Boost SONA 5: slight increase using a Shelving Filter. To achieve sound
compatibility with the SONA 5 without the CD 44, switch on this filter along with the
Presence filter.
−High Boost: To compensate high-range attenuation over long distances for tops.
Sequenza 10 N / W: The high boost filter should only be switched on for speakers
whose main beam is directed towards audience sections that are approx. 40 m or
further away. Normally, this only applies to a few of the upper speakers.
−Cluster: To compensate undesired frequency additions in the low-mid range for monitor
and cluster usage (cluster = several speakers placed directly next to one another).
oSwitch on the Cluster Filter for tops if you wish to operate several tops (cluster) next
to one another or if you place the top on the floor as a monitor. This reduces the
frequency additions in the low/mid range that result from clustering the speakers
(with one another or on the floor).
oIf you operate several tops aligned next to one another (cluster), then there is an
addition of certain frequencies that can interfere with the sound results. This
frequency addition is compensated by the cluster filter. If these clusters are
positioned on a subwoofer, then the phasing between the tops and the subwoofer
can be improved when both ways run through the same filter, in other words: when
the cluster filter is also switched on for the subwoofer.
−Bass Boost: To boost the bass for usages with the ACCESS B10 speakers.
−Straight (Sequenza 10 N / W only): The straight filter serves to harmonise the balance
of the upper-mid range between shorter and larger listening distances. It is preferably
used for speakers whose angle to the other speakers is 0°, 1° or 2.
The Straight-Filter must be switched in both paths of the speaker, so in the SEQ 10LF/HF
(FR or LCut) and the SEQ 10LF (FR or LCut) to 'ON'.
−Combi Mode: Switch on this filter if you want to use the subwoofer SEQUENZA 10 B
with K&F tops other than the SEQUENZA 10 N or SEQUENZA 10 W.

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9.1.3 Input and Output Gains (Gain Button)
Pushing the GAIN button allows you to directly access the input and output gains without
having to navigate through the menu.
After you push the GAIN button, the first possible setting is for signal input (input gains). If
you push it repeatedly, you access the output gain.
If one of these gain values is not zero, the red LED on the GAIN button lights up.
How high a gain can actually be set depends on, among other things, if and how high an
output gain is already preset in an LSBlock. The output gains saved in the LSBlock are neither
visible nor adjustable. Depending on the LSBlock, these output gains have values between
0dB and +5.3 dB. It is, therefore, possible that the user can set the gains accordingly lower
than the otherwise possible +24 dB. We generally advise against selecting such high gain
values.
a)
a)a)
a) The Input Gains
Input GainsInput Gains
Input Gains regulate the level for the line signal input (INPUT 1 through INPUT 4).
Using the menu navigation, the input gains can be accessed at
In
InIn
In →
→→
→ Input1
Input1Input1
Input1 through Input4
Input4Input4
Input4 →
→→
→ Gain
GainGain
Gain.
Depending on the output gain and the previously used gain in the LSBlock, the input
gains can be set between -96 dB and +24. The sum of the input gain, the output gain,
and the LSBlock's gain can not exceed +24 dB.
Adjustments to the input gains may be necessary if, for example, the limiter LEDs light up
often. In this case, the input gains can be reduced.
If the input signal is too weak, use the input gains to increase it.
You can find an overview of the input gain settings on a prompt, subsequently referred
to as InfoWindow 1. This InfoWindow 1 initially appears approx. 7 seconds after turning
after turningafter turning
after turning
on
onon
on the device, or when you have not used it for approx. 7 seconds, or after you have
pushed the EXIT button several times.
You can find more detailed information about this in the chapter Ibeginning on page 19
b)
b)b)
b) The Output Gains regulate the level of the individual signal outputs (OUT 1 through OUT 4).
You can access the output gains at
Out →
→→
→ Output1 through Output4 →
→→
→ Gain in the menu.
Depending on the input gain and the gain previously used in the LSBlock, the output
gains can be set up between -96 dB and +24. The sum of the input gain, the output
gain, and the LSBLock's gain can not exceed +24 dB.
The output gains are used for, for example:
−level adjustments for different zones of sound coverage.
−level adjustments between top speakers and bass systems. When the number of
arrayed bass speakers is doubled, the level increases by up to + 6 dB (+3 dB
efficiency and +3 dB by doubling the power amplifier output). Due to their
directivity, the level of the top speakers does not increase correspondingly.
Furthermore, a flown bass speaker can be several decibels quieter than a bass system
which is standing on the floor (because of floor reflections)).
The output gain functions offer the possibility to adjust this level balance, depending
on the configuration and use.
According to the room geometry, the actual level balance which needs to be
adjusted may differ from the aforementioned reference values. It is, therefore, always
necessary for a sound technician to carry through fine adjustments of the output
gains when the system is set up.

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9.1.4 Input and Output Delays (Delay Button
Input and Output Delays (Delay ButtonInput and Output Delays (Delay Button
Input and Output Delays (Delay Button)
After pushing the DELAY button, the first settings you access are for the input delays.
Pushing the button repeatedly will give you access to the output delays.
The units for the delays can be converted from milliseconds (ms) to metres (m) at Util
UtilUtil
Util →
→→
→
Units
UnitsUnits
Units. The unit ‘Metre’ is based on a sound velocity of 343 m/s at 20°C.
If one of these delay values is not zero, the red LED on the DELAY button lights up.
a)
a)a)
a) Use the Input Delays
Input DelaysInput Delays
Input Delays to create delay lines.
Delay lines are speakers which are set up behind one another. The delay times of the
speakers’ sound propagation is compensated using delays.
The purpose of delay lines is to ensure that the sound from the speakers near the
stage reaches the listeners in the back of the audience simultaneously (preferably)
with the sound from the speakers in the rear audience area.
You can separately adjust the delays of up to four input channels, with every
channel having a total available delay of 200 ms or 68.6 m. Because a delay of 0.02
ms is already set up in the LSBlock ACCESS High, the available delay time when
using this LSBlock is reduced accordingly by this amount.
b)
b)b)
b) Use the Output Delays
Output DelaysOutput Delays
Output Delays to compensate differences in delay time of the positioned
speakers, for example from flown tops to standing bass speakers, stage edge
speakers to the main system, etc. You can separately adjust a total of 4 output
channels.
Out 1 and Out 2 share 20 ms or 6.86 m delay time.
Out 3 and Out 4 also share 20 ms or 6.86 m delay time.
These values decrease if there is already a delay set in an LSBlock.
If you select a delay of 5 ms or 1.715 m for Out 1, then there are another 15 ms or
5.145 m available for Out 2. The same also applies for Out 3 and Out 4. The value
stated next to ‘Avl =’ indicates how much delay time is still available.
9.2 InfoWindow: Display of Basic Settings
A window initially appears, subsequently referred to as InfoWindow 1, approx. 7 seconds
after turning on
after turning onafter turning on
after turning on the device, or when you have not used it for approx. 7 seconds, or after
you have pushed the EXIT button several times. If you are currently in InfoW
InfoWInfoW
InfoWindow 1
indow 1indow 1
indow 1, and
you then turn the knob to the right (clockwise), you will access InfoWindow 2
InfoWindow 2InfoWindow 2
InfoWindow 2.
This illustration shows InfoWindow 1 for the loaded setup 'Example 5'
This illustration shows InfoWindow 1 for the loaded setup 'Example 5'This illustration shows InfoWindow 1 for the loaded setup 'Example 5'
This illustration shows InfoWindow 1 for the loaded setup 'Example 5':
Example 5*CD44
G1: 0.0 G3: 0.0
G2: 0.0 G4: 0.0
4in4out
The InfoWindow 1
InfoWindow 1InfoWindow 1
InfoWindow 1 shows information about the following basic settings:
1
11
1st
stst
st line:
line:line:
line: Name of the loaded setup, here: Example 5. If there is an asterisk next to
the setup name, this means that changes have been made to the setup that have
not been saved yet.
2
22
2nd
ndnd
nd and 3
and 3and 3
and 3rd
rdrd
rd line:
line:line:
line: Settings of the Input Gains 1-4 (Depending on routing, 1 to 4
adjustable gains).
4
44
4th
thth
th line
lineline
line: type of routing, here: 4in4out.

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This illustration shows InfoWindow 2 for the loaded setup 'Example 1' with
additionally activated filters:
1:ACCESS High
2:ACCESS Mid Sngl
3:ACCESS B10
4:CA106 FR
The InfoWindow 2
InfoWindow 2InfoWindow 2
InfoWindow 2 shows which speaker block (LSBlock) is assigned to which output (1-4).
Furthermore, it also gives you information about the status of the selectable speaker-specific
filters (ON / OFF). The left box stands for Filter 1, the right box for Filter 2. If a box is checked
off, then the corresponding filter is active. If there is no box, then the filter for the
corresponding speaker (LSBlock) is not available. You can find further information about the
filters in chapter Switchable, Speaker Specific Filters (Filter B Button) beginning on page
16.
9.3 Main Menu
If you are in InfoWindow 1 or 2, you can return to the main menu by pushing the knob.
The main menu consists of the following main menu items: Setup
SetupSetup
Setup, In
InIn
In, Out
OutOut
Out and Util
UtilUtil
Util.
Turn the knob to make the blinking cursor (position indicator) move horizontally to the
Turn the knob to make the blinking cursor (position indicator) move horizontally to theTurn the knob to make the blinking cursor (position indicator) move horizontally to the
Turn the knob to make the blinking cursor (position indicator) move horizontally to the
corresponding main menu item
corresponding main menu itemcorresponding main menu item
corresponding main menu item.
If the cursor is at a certain menu item, the corresponding submenu appears. In the following
illustration, the cursor is initially at the main menu item Setup
SetupSetup
Setup. If you turn the knob some
more, then the cursor moves on to the further main menu items In
InIn
In, Out
OutOut
Out, and Util.
Util.Util.
Util.
Setup In Out Util
Load
Save As
Delete
Push the knob to access the submenu
Push the knob to access the submenuPush the knob to access the submenu
Push the knob to access the submenu where the cursor currently is located. In the
following example, the cursor has been moved to the main menu item Util
UtilUtil
Util which was
selected by pushing the knob.
9.4 Submenu
Turn the knob to move the cursor vertically
Turn the knob to move the cursor verticallyTurn the knob to move the cursor vertically
Turn the knob to move the cursor vertically to the available submenu items. The
illustration shows the submenu items Routing
RoutingRouting
Routing, Display
DisplayDisplay
Display, and Rights
RightsRights
Rights, and the cursor was
moved to Di
DiDi
Dis
ss
splay
playplay
play. (You will find the further submenu items by moving the cursor down
further.)
Util
Routing
Display
Rights
By pushing the knob, you gain access to the Editing Mode
By pushing the knob, you gain access to the Editing ModeBy pushing the knob, you gain access to the Editing Mode
By pushing the knob, you gain access to the Editing Mode of the submenu item, where
the cursor is located. In this example, it is in the editing mode Display
DisplayDisplay
Display.
Hauptmenü mit den
Hauptmenüpunkten
Submenu item,
Submenu item,Submenu item,
Submenu item,
further items below
Last submenu item
submenu itemsubmenu item
submenu item
Cursor
CursorCursor
Cursor (blinking
display field and
underline
)