Kramer VS-1604 User manual

 
KRAMER ELECTRONICS, Ltd.
USER MANUAL
MATRIX SWITCHER
Model:
VS-1604











IMPORTANT: Before proceeding, please read paragraph entitled
"Unpacking and Contents"


Table Of Contents
Section Name Page
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 A Word on Video/Audio Switchers 1
1.2 Factors Affecting Quality of Results 1
2 SPECIFICATIONS 2
3 HOW DO I GET STARTED? 2
4 UNPACKING AND CONTENTS 2
4.1 Optional Accessories 2
5 GETTING TO KNOW YOUR MATRIX SWITCHER 3
5.1 The VS-1604 Matrix Switcher 3
5.2 Features of the VS-1604 Matrix Switcher 4
6 INSTALLATION 6
6.1 Rack Mounting 6
7 CONNECTING TO VIDEO DEVICES 6
8 CONNECTING TO AUDIO DEVICES 6
9 USING THE MACHINE 7
9.1 Turning on the Machine 7
9.2 Using the Front Panel Controls 7
9.2.1 Selecting an Output 7
9.2.2 Selecting an Input 7
9.2.3 Connecting a Video/Audio Input/Output 7
9.2.4 Disconnecting a Video/Audio Input 7
9.2.5 Connecting a Video/Audio Input to All Outputs 7
9.2.6 Selecting Video/Audio Control (Breakaway) 7
9.2.7 Using the "Audio Follow Video" Mode 7
9.2.8 Storing a Configuration 7
9.2.9 Recalling a Configuration 8
9.2.10 Deleting a Setup 8
9.2.11 Using the “take” function 8
9.2.12 Resetting the machine 8
9.2.13 Using the Back panel controls 8
9.2.14 Setting the configuration switches 8
9.3 RS-232 and RS-485 Operation 9
9.4 A Multiple Matrix Setup 10
9.5 Parallel Operation (RGB mode) 11
10 TAKING CARE OF YOUR SWITCHER 12
11 TROUBLESHOOTING 12
11.1 Power and Indicators 12
11.2 Video Signal 12
11.3 Audio Signal 13
11.4 Control 14
11.5 Switching Malfunctions 14
11.6 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL for the VS-1604 (Protocol 2000) 14
Limited Warranty 19
List of Illustrations
Figure Page
1 VS-1604 Front/Rear Panel Features 4
2 DIP switches - General View 9
3 RS-232 Control Connector Wiring 10
4 Terminating the Line 10
5 Multiple Matrices Setup 11
List of Tables
Table Page
1 VS-1604 Front Panel Features 5
2 VS-1604 Rear Panel Features 6
3 DIP Switches Configuration 9
4 Instruction Codes for Protocol “2000” 16

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
1
 INTRODUCTION
Congratulations on your purchase of this Kramer Electronics Matrix Switcher. Since 1981, Kramer has
been dedicated to the development and manufacture of high quality video/audio equipment. The Kramer
line has become an integral part of many of the best production and presentation facilities around the
world. In recent years, Kramer has redesigned and upgraded most of the line, making the best even
better. Kramer’s line of professional video/audio electronics is one of the most versatile and complete
available, and is a true leader in terms of quality, workmanship, price/performance ratio and innovation.
In addition to the Kramer line of high quality matrix switchers, such as the one you have just purchased,
Kramer also offers a full line of high quality distribution amplifiers, processors, interfaces, controllers
and computer-related products. This manual includes configuration, operation and option information of
the Kramer Electronics VS-1604 Matrix Switcher.
 A Word on Video/Audio Switchers
A video/audio switcher usually switches between several sources (inputs) and one or more acceptors
(outputs). A switcher that allows several inputs to be connected to several outputs simultaneously is
called a Matrix Switcher. Switchers may be of the electronic or mechanical type. Most matrices are of
the active electronic type, with many crosspoints. Vertical Interval switching, frequently used in video,
ensures that the transition from one video source to another (such as switching between two genlocked
cameras) is smooth and without interference. The switching and changeover is done during the blanked
vertical interval period, when the transition is hidden from the eyes. Vertical Interval switching is
needed when recording or transmitting a video program involving several video sources, as in live
broadcast, to ensure clean, undisturbed picture transitions. The switched sources should be genlocked.
Matrices and switchers may sometimes be RS-232 or RS-485/422 controlled. Each of these options is a
way of remotely controlling a video/audio device (switcher etc.) using a PC with a serial port, or another
device that uses a similar communication protocol. The simplest connection between the RS-232
controller and the controlled device uses two wires (TRANSMIT, RECEIVE) and a common ground
wire. Finally, the wide video bandwidth permits these matrix switchers to be used in the most
demanding applications.
 Factors Affecting Quality of Results
There are many factors affecting the quality of results when signals are transmitted from a source to an
acceptor:
 Connection cables - Low quality cables are susceptible to interference; they degrade signal
quality due to poor matching and cause elevated noise levels. They should therefore be of the
best quality.
 Sockets and connectors of the sources and acceptors - So often ignored, they should be of
highest quality, since "Zero Ohm" connection resistance is the objective. Sockets and
connectors also must match the required impedance (75ohm in video). Cheap, low quality
connectors tend to rust, thus causing breaks in the signal path.
 Amplifying circuitry - Must have quality performance when the desired end result is high
linearity, low distortion and low noise operation.
 Distance between sources and acceptors - Plays a major role in the final result. For long
distances (over 15 meters) between sources and acceptors, special measures should be taken in
order to avoid cable losses. These include using higher quality cables or adding line amplifiers.
 Interference from neighboring electrical appliances - These can have an adverse effect on
signal quality. Balanced audio lines are less prone to interference, but unbalanced audio should
be installed far from any mains power cables, electric motors, transmitters, etc. even when the
cables are shielded.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
2
 SPECIFICATIONS
VS-1604
INPUTS: 16 composite video, 1Vpp/75on BNCs. 16 balanced stereo audio, +4dBm/47K
on detachable terminal blocks.
OUTPUTS: 4 composite video, 1Vpp/75on BNCs. 4 balanced stereo audio, +4dBm/50(20
Vpp max.) on detachable terminal blocks.
VIDEO BANDWIDTH: 200 MHz –3dB.
VIDEO CROSSTALK: <60 dB @ 5MHz.
NON LINEARITY: <0.05%.
VIDEO S/N: >73 dB.
DIFF. GAIN: <0.04%.
DIFF. PHASE: <0.04 Deg.
K-FACTOR: <0.05%.
AUDIO BANDWIDTH: > 100 kHz -3dB.
AUDIO S/N: 82 dB Unweighted, (1Vpp).
AUDIO THD: 0.021% (1V, 1KHz).
2
nd
Harmonic 0.004%.
CONTROL: Manual, RS-232 or RS-485.
SWITCHING: Vertical Interval.
DIMENSIONS: 19-inch (W), 7-inch (D) 2U (H) rack mountable.
POWER SOURCE: 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz, (115VAC, U.S.A.) 10VA.
WEIGHT: 3.4 Kg (7.5 Lbs.) Approx.
ACCESSORIES: Power cord, Windows 95/98 control software, Null modem adapter.
 HOW DO I GET STARTED?
The fastest way to get started is to take your time and do everything right the first time. Taking 15
minutes to read the manual may save you a few hours later. You don’t even have to read the whole
manual - if a certain section doesn’t apply to you, you don’t have to spend your time reading it.
 UNPACKING AND CONTENTS
The items contained in your Kramer accessory package are listed below. Please save the original box
and packaging materials for possible future shipment.
 Matrix Switcher
 Diskettes or CD with K-Switch and/or Kontrol software
 AC Power Cable
 User Manual
 Kramer Concise Product Catalog
 KRAMER Null Modem Adapter Connector
 4 Rubber Feet
 Optional Accessories
The following accessories, which are available from Kramer, can enhance implementation of your
machine. For information regarding cables and additional accessories, contact your Kramer dealer.
 BNC "Y" Connector - Used for looping purposes and splits the incoming signal to enable
connection of an additional machine.
 VS-3000 Remote Control Panel - Used for remote control of Kramer switchers. Many matrix
switchers (not necessarily of the same type!) may be connected to the VS-3000 for control and
monitoring purposes. The VS-3000 is fed from a 12VDC supply, and the 2U unit has a low physical
profile, making it ideal for installation on a bench top, or in a standard 19” rack. The machine may
be used together with other remote controllers, such as a PC, more VS-3000’s, and other

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
3
commercial control systems. In addition, it also has “dry contact” connections, allowing
instantaneous control from convenient locations via remote press buttons, relays or other
mechanical switches.
 VS-11EIV - (Video/Audio Processor) can be serially inserted between the matrix switcher and
the acceptor for video/audio processing. The VS-11EIV has 2 Composite video inputs and outputs,
2 Y/C (Super-Video) inputs and outputs as well as 4 stereo-audio inputs and outputs. The VS-
11EIV has DC coupled video inputs and outputs, and allows full control over the video signal:
Video gain down to full fade, log or linear Definition control, log or linear Contrast control, Color
saturation control, Black Level control, Red, Green and Blue controls and a Screen Splitter control
for “before-after” comparison. Input switch control is "Audio-follow-Video".
 FC-10D - (Composite-YC Comb Filter/Transcoder) can be serially connected to a matrix
switcher for video format conversion (bi-directionally between two popular video formats -
composite video and YC (Super-Video)). The decoding from composite to Y/C is done digitally
using an adaptive comb filter and DSP techniques to minimize dot-crawl and cross-color. A built-in
vertical enhancer circuit reduces noise and dot-crawl on the Y signal. In addition, the FC-10D
provides an independent Y/C to Composite route, for simultaneous bi-directional operation. The
Kramer FC-10D is very small in size, and is fed from an external 12VDC supply, thus ideal for
fieldwork.
 VM-1411 (Video/Balanced Stereo Audio Distribution Amplifier) can be serially connected
between a matrix switcher and the acceptors for video and audio distribution. It is a full broadcast,
state-of-the-art machine, designed for studio and other applications. The VM-1411 has two inputs,
video and audio, each splitting to 5 outputs. The user may select 2 x 1:5 or 1:10 operation via front
panel control switches. Several VM-1411 units may be chained through the looping inputs. Output
signals are (user selectable) DC or AC coupled for highest flexibility. Audio outputs are buffered
and isolated from each other, allowing Hi-Fi Balanced audio distribution.
 VIDEO TESTER - A new, unique, patented, indispensable tool for the video professional, the
Video Tester is used to test a video path leading to/from a matrix switcher. By pressing only one
touch switch it can trace missing signals, distinguish between good and jittery (VCR sourced)
signals, and identify the presence of good signals. Whenever a video signal is missing, because of
bad connections, cable breaks or faulty sources, the Video Tester is all you need.
 GETTING TO KNOW YOUR MATRIX SWITCHER
 The VS-1604 Matrix Switcher.
The Kramer VS-1604 is a high performance, 16x4 vertical interval matrix switcher for composite video
and balanced stereo audio signals. It is a true matrix, allowing the user to route any input to any or all
outputs simultaneously. Since the VS-1604 switches during the vertical interval, transitions are glitch-
free when sources share common reference sync. There are many updated features on this popular
design including audio breakaway, which provides the ability to switch audio independently from video.
In addition, the TAKE button allows the user to place multiple switches in a queue, then activate them
with one touch of this button or a single serial command. Kramer’s new K-Switch control software is
included for applications where a Windows ™ based PC is used to control the VS-1604. There are three
ways to control the VS-1604: front-panel buttons, RS-232, and RS-485. It is dependable, rugged, and
fits in two vertical spaces (2U) of a standard 19” rack. Video bandwidth of 200MHz ensures that the
VS-1604 remains transparent even in the most critical applications.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
4
 Features of the VS-1604 Matrix Switcher
Front/Rear panel features of the VS-1604 are shown in Figure 1; the features are described in Table 1.
Figure 1: VS-1604 Front/Rear Panel Features
Table 1: VS-1604 Front Panel Features
No. Feature Function
1. INPUT SELECTOR
buttons
Select the desired input to be switched to the output.
2. OUTPUT SELECTOR
buttons Select the desired output that the input signal is switched to.
3. VIDEO OUTPUT STATUS Displays the selected video input switched to the output above
4. AUDIO OUTPUT STATUS
Displays the selected audio input switched to the output above
5. POWER Switch Illuminated switch: supplies power to the unit.
6. ALL When pressed followed by an input button, connects that
audio/video input to all audio/video outputs.
7.
OFF When pressed after pushing an output button, disconnects that
video/audio output from the video/audio input. To disconnect all
the outputs, press the ALL button followed by the OFF button.
8. TAKE The machines can operate either in "Take" mode or in

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
5
"Normal" (no user confirmation for each action is needed)
mode. Pressing the TAKE button toggles the mode and the
button illuminates when in "Take Mode". In "Take Mode", any
action would cause the TAKE button to blink before
implementation, and the user is required to press TAKE again in
order to confirm the operation.
NOTE
To cancel any operation initiated by pressing a button, press
the same button again.
9. VIDEO When pressed, illuminates and selects the video mode
(Breakaway) to enable modification of the video crosspoints.
10. AUDIO When pressed, illuminates and selects the audio mode
(Breakaway) to enable modification of the audio crosspoints.
11. AFV illuminated button When pressed, illuminates and selects the "Audio Follow
Video" function. If the audio configuration differs from the
video configuration, the INPUT STATUS display flashes the
audio outputs that are to be reconfigured for AFV operation. In
such case, the TAKE button must be pressed to confirm the
modification.
12. STO illuminated button Should be pressed, followed by an input or output pushbutton to
store the current status in the non-volatile memory. For example:
Press STO followed by INPUT 4 button to store Setup#4 in the
non-volatile memory.
NOTE
To delete a setup from the memory, press the STO and RCL
buttons simultaneously, followed by the input button (Setup
number) to be deleted.
13. RCL illuminated button Should be pressed, followed by an input or output pushbutton to
select a predetermined setup For example, press RCL followed
by INPUT 4 button to recall Setup#4 from the non-volatile
memory.
Table 2: VS-1604 Rear Panel Features
No. Feature Function
14. 1-16 AUDIO INPUTS terminal blocks Audio inputs used to connect the stereo audio
input sources.
15. 1-4 AUDIO OUTPUTS terminal blocks Audio outputs used to connect the stereo audio
output acceptors.
16. VIDEO INPUTS BNC connectors Video inputs used to connect the video sources.
17. VIDEO OUTPUTS BNC connectors Video outputs used to connect the video acceptors.
18. Setup DIP switches Allow proper configuration of the control signals
received and transmitted through the RS-232 (or
RS-485) control port, master/slave modifications,
line termination and device ID numbers.
19. RS-485 terminal block Used for bi-directional communication with
another matrix switcher or PC through RS-485
interface.
20. DB-9 female RS-232 connector Used for control of the matrix switcher from a PC,

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
6
or remote control device, through an RS-232
interface and a null-modem adapter (provided with
the machine).
NOTE
Operation of the machine from a remote PC may
be done using the K-Switch control Software
(provided with the machine).
21. Power Connector
A 3-prong AC connector allows power to be
supplied to the unit. Directly underneath this
connector, a fuse holder houses the appropriate
fuse.

INSTALLATION
 Rack Mounting
The matrix switcher described in this manual may be rackmounted in a standard 19” EIA rack assembly
and includes rack “ears” at the ends of the front panel. The device does not require spacing above or
below the unit for ventilation. To rack mount the matrix switcher, simply place the unit’s rack ears
against the rack rails of the rack, and insert standard screws through each of the four corner holes in the
rack ears.
 CONNECTING TO VIDEO DEVICES
Video sources and output devices (such as monitors, or recorders) may be connected to the matrix
switchers through the BNC type connectors located on the back of the unit. Bear in mind that the output
signal format will match that of the input signal format.
All signal connections that use more than one cable interconnecting between devices should be of equal
length. (Example: cables between a camera and the machine should be equal in length).
 CONNECTING TO AUDIO DEVICES
Audio sources and output devices (such as amplifiers or recorders) may be connected to the machines
through the terminal block connectors located at the back of the machines.
 USING THE MACHINE
 Turning on the Machine
NOTES
1. The machine should only be turned on, after all connections are completed, and all source devices
have been powered on. Do not attempt to connect or disconnect any video, audio or control signals
to the machine while it is turned on!
2. The socket-outlet should be near the equipment and should be easily accessible. To fully
disconnect equipment, remove power cord from socket.
 Press the toggle switch on the left-hand side of the front panel to the ON position. The toggle
switch glows.
 Operate the acceptors.
 Using the Front Panel Controls
The front panel of a Kramer matrix switcher is designed to be simple to operate, and accomplish the
basic function of selecting an input source and output device.
9.2.1 Selecting an Output
Output selection on the Matrix Switchers is made by pressing any of the buttons marked “1” through
“4” on the front panel. These buttons correspond to output connections as marked on the back panel.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
7
9.2.2 Selecting an Input
Input selection on the matrix switchers is made by pressing any of the buttons marked “1” through “16”
on the front panel. These buttons correspond to input connections as marked on the back panel.
9.2.3 Connecting a Video/Audio Input/Output
To connect a video/audio input to a specific output, press the desired output button (upper line),
followed by the desired input button (lower row).
9.2.4 Disconnecting a Video/Audio Input
To disconnect a video/audio input from a specific output, press the desired output button followed by the
OFF button. To disconnect all the outputs, press the ALL button, followed by the OFF button.
9.2.5 Connecting a Video/Audio Input to All Outputs
To connect a video\audio input to all outputs, press the ALL button followed by the INPUT button
corresponding to the input, which is to be routed to all the outputs.
9.2.6 Selecting Video/Audio Control (Breakaway)
For audio control only, press the AUDIO button. For video control only, press the VIDEO button. Note
that the STATUS window displays audio or video settings in accordance with the selection.
9.2.7 Using the "Audio Follow Video" Mode
To select "Audio Follow Video" mode, press the AFV button. Note that if the audio configuration
differs from the video configuration, the differing audio outputs blink in the STATUS window of the
audio display. The AUDIO and TAKE buttons blink as well, which means that the audio configuration
will be modified for AFV operation. Press the TAKE button to confirm the modification.
9.2.8
Storing a Configuration
To store a configuration, press the STO button, followed by one of the input buttons 1-15 to mark the
setup number. For example, press STO followed by INPUT#3 button to store the current configuration
in Setup#3 in the internal non-volatile memory of the switcher. To abort an operation of the STO button
once it was pressed, press it again.
9.2.9 Recalling a Configuration
To recall a configuration, press the RCL button, followed by one of the input buttons 1-15, marking the
setup number. For example, press RCL followed by INPUT# 3 button to recall Setup#3 from the
internal non-volatile memory of the switcher. To abort an operation of the RCL button once it was
pressed, press it again.
9.2.10 Deleting a Setup
To delete a setup, press both the STO and the RCL buttons followed by the input button corresponding
to the setup number which is to be deleted.
9.2.11 Using the "Take" Function
To activate the "Take" Function, press the TAKE button (the TAKE button illuminates). After each
pressing of the above-mentioned buttons, the TAKE button blinks together with the relevant numbers in
the STATUS display. Confirmation of the action is implemented by pressing the TAKE button again
(the TAKE button then stops blinking). If the STATUS display keeps on blinking for one minute (no
button is pressed), the function will be aborted. To abort implementing an operation in “TAKE” mode,
press that button which originally caused the display to blink.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
8
9.2.12 Resetting the Machine
To reset the machine, press INPUTS buttons “1”, “2”, and “3” simultaneously. The machine resets itself,
and the video and audio 7-segment display will display a set of numbers. The video display will show
“1604” – indicating the machine type. The audio display will show, from left to right the following
information: the first two digits will show the machine’s address, the second two digits will show the
machine number, the third and fourth two digits will show firmware version. For example, when the
audio display shows: 2.11.1.2 it means that the machine’s address is 2, machine number is 11, and
software version is 1.2. When the machine is turned ON, the audio display shows the machine number
on the first digits, followed by the machine address.
9.2.13 Using the Back Panel Controls
The switcher ID numbers, and the RS-232 / RS-485 settings are all configured on the back panel of the
machine as will be explained later.
9.2.14 Setting the Configuration Switches
Setting the configuration switches is accomplished through a bank of DIPswitches located on the back
panel of each matrix switcher. Table 3 describes the settings and configurations for each of the
DIPswitches. To set the configuration switches, confirm that power to the matrix switcher is OFF, and
with a small flathead screwdriver, move the DIP switches to the "ON" or "OFF" position as shown in
Table 3 and Figure 2. Master/Slave Dipswitches configure the matrix switcher for operation in a
multiple switcher configuration.
In the case of interconnection between more than two RS-485 receivers-transmitters (including PC), the
termination resistor must be disconnected on the first and last machines on the communication line.
The DIPswitches (see Figure 2) on the rear panel shold be set when the unit is operated via the RS-232
or RS-485 serial interface, or when it is interconnected with other units.
In the VS-1604 unit the DIPswitch divided into three functional groups:
#1-3 - Machine Address
#4 - Reply
#5-8 - Machine Number
The group “Machine Address” is used when building larger video/audio matrices only (see
“BUILDING LARGER VIDEO/AUDIO MATRICES”). In all other cases the state of the DIPswitches
1-3 is “OFF,OFF,OFF” (Machine Address = 1). All the units with Machine Address = 1 are enabled for
communication via both serial interfaces: RS-232 and RS-485. Units with another Machine Address
allow RS-485 communication only.
The Machine Address serves for interconnection between VS-1604 units only, and is invisible for the
PC.
The switch group “Machine Number” is used for configuring the VS-1604 units for operation in a
multiple switcher configuration. All the units of a composite larger matrix have the same Machine
Number. DIPswitch “Reply” serves for enable/disable of command transmition from unit to PC. In some
applications (for example, RGB configuration) it is necessary to disable commands transmition from all
the units with the same Machine Number except number one.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
9
Table 3: DIP Switches Configuration
MACHINE
NUMBER
DIP SWITCH # MACHINE
NUMBER
DIP SWITCH #
5 6 7 8 1 2 3
1.
OFF OFF OFF OFF
1. (Master) OFF OFF OFF
2.
OFF OFF OFF ON
2. OFF OFF ON
3.
OFF OFF ON OFF
3. OFF ON OFF
4.
OFF OFF ON ON
4. OFF ON ON
5.
OFF ON OFF OFF
5. ON OFF OFF
6.
OFF ON OFF ON
6. ON OFF ON
7.
OFF ON ON OFF
7. ON ON OFF
8.
OFF ON ON ON
8. ON ON ON
9.
ON OFF OFF OFF
10.
ON OFF OFF ON
11.
ON OFF ON OFF
12.
ON OFF ON ON
13.
ON ON OFF OFF
14.
ON ON OFF ON
REPLY DIP SWITCH
#4
15.
ON ON ON OFF
Transmission disabled OFF
16.
ON ON ON ON
Transmission enabled ON
Figure 2: DIP switches - General View
 RS-232 and RS-485 Operation
Connections made between your switcher and a PC are accomplished using your computer’s RS-232
communication port, or by connecting the PC to the RS-485 terminal block connector. Bear in mind that
serial communication between matrix switchers is always via RS-485 (see example in Figure 5). The
RS-232 port is either a DB-9 (9-pin port) or DB-25 (25-pin port). The cable connecting your switcher to
the PC should be wired as shown in Figure 3. A 9-25 pin adapter or 9 to 9 pin null-modem adapter is
included for your convenience. The null-modem adaptor is wired as shown in figure 3. If you are using
the adaptor (recommended), plug it into the PC’s serial port, and connect via a flat-cable from the other
end of the adaptor to your switcher. Please keep in mind that it is not recommended to extend an RS-232
signal beyond a length of 30 feet, without the use of an RS-232 to RS-422 converter at both the PC and
the switcher.
If, for example, five machines and a PC are cascaded together, using RS-485 interconnection, external
termination resistors of 120 ohms should be placed as described in figure 4.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
10
Figure 3: RS-232 Control Connector Wiring
Figure 4: Terminating the Line
 A Multiple Matrix setup
Several VS-1604 units may be connected together to build a complex matrix of up to 96x4.
This is done by defining the machine address within the system, as shown in Figure 5.
All the Machine Addresses have to be assigned consecutively. For example, to build a 48x4 composite
video matrix, use three VS-1604s, assign the first as machine number 1 (it is the master machine), and
the other two should be assigned as machines numbers 2 and 3 (but not 1,2,4 or 1,3,4).
Connect video source #1 to input #1, video source #2 to input #2, etc. at the VS-1604 at address 1.
Connect video sources #17 - 32 to inputs 1 - 16 of the VS-1604 machine at address 2; similarly, video
sources #33 - 48 should be connected to inputs 1 - 16 of the VS-1604 machine at address 3.
Connect output #1 of the first machine with output #1 of the second machine and with output #1 of the
third machine, using “T” or “Y” type connectors. This will become the system’s output #1. Connect
outputs #2 of all the machines in a similar way; this will become the system’s output #2. Similarly
connect outputs #3 and #4 of all the machines.
Next, connect all the machines via RS-485 interface. Connect the master (machine address 1) to the PC
via the serial interface (RS-232 or RS-485). All the machines of the matrix group must have the same

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
11
machine number. The Seven Segment Display of each machine will show which inputs are connected to
the outputs of this particular machine. When outputs are routed together as described above, the inter-
machine communication (RS-485) ensures that the output is connected only on that machine which
routes the selected input - on all other machines, this output is (internally) disconnected. This allows
interconnecting the same numbered outputs of all the machines in parallel. At the same time other
machines may be connected to PC according to Machine Number. In this mode, the Reply DIPswitch of
all the machines should be in the “ON” (bottom) state.
Figure 5 describes a setup connecting several VS-1604 matrices, where some of the machines are
connected for simple parallel operation, and some of the machines form a large composite matrix of
48x4.
Figure 5: Multiple Matrices setup
 Parallel Operation (RGB mode)
The VS-1604 may be used as a 16x4 RGB or RGBS matrix. In order to enable this option, three or four
machines are used (three for RGB, four for RGBS). Interconnect all the machines via the RS-485
interface. Each of them should have the same machine number and be defined as Machine Address 1.
Three machines (in RGBS setup) or two machines (in RGB setup) are set as slaves. In order to set them
as SLAVES, the Reply DIPswitches should be moved to the “OFF” position. The MASTER machine
should have the Reply DIPswitch set to “ON”. The Master may be connected to the PC via RS-232 or
RS-485 interface. When a change is done at the MASTER machine in the input-output status, this
change is immediately repeated in the SLAVES.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
12
 TAKING CARE OF YOUR MATRIX SWITCHER
Do not locate your matrix switcher in an environment where it is susceptible to dust or moisture. Both of
these may damage the electronics, and cause erratic operation or failure. Do not locate your matrix
switcher where temperature and humidity may be excessive. Doing so may also damage the electronics,
and cause erratic operation or failure of your matrix switcher. Do not clean your matrix switcher with
abrasives or strong cleaners. Doing so may remove or damage the finish, or may allow moisture to build
up. Take care not to allow dust or particles to build up inside unused or open connectors.
 TROUBLESHOOTING
NOTES
1. Please note that if the output signal is disturbed or interrupted
by very strong external electromagnetic interference, it should
return and stabilize when such interference ends. If not, turn
the power switch off and on again to reset the machine.
2. If the following recommended actions still do not result in
satisfactory operation, please consult your KRAMER Dealer.
 Power and Indicators
Problem Remedy
No power
1.
Confirm that the rocker switch is in the “ON” position, and that the lamp is
illuminated.
2. Confirm that power connections are secured at the machine and at the
receptacle. Make sure the receptacle is active, outputting the proper mains
voltage.
3.
If there is still no power, check the fuse. Remove power cord from the AC
outlet and from the machine and then, using a flat screwdriver, remove the
fuse holder located directly below the power connector. Confirm that the fuse
is good by looking at the wire connected to the ends of the fuse. If the wire is
broken, replace the fuse.
 Video Signal
Problem Remedy
No video at the output
device, regardless of input
selected.
1.
Confirm that your sources and output device are turned on and connected
properly. Video signals connected to the input of your machine should be of an
identical signal format at the output of your source. Video signals at the output
of your machine should be of an identical signal format as at the input of your
display or recorder.
2. Confirm that any other switchers in the signal path have the proper input
and/or output selected.
3.
Use the Video Tester to test the video path leading to/from your matrix
switcher (see section 4.1 " Video Tester")
Video level is too high or
too dim.
1.
Verify that the video line is well matched through 75ohm impedance,
otherwise it results in a video level that is too high or too dim when looping is
performed and the termination switches are not in proper position.
2. Confirm that the connecting cables are of high quality, properly built and
terminated with 75ohm BNC connectors. Check level controls located on your
source input device or output display or recorder.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
13
Problem Remedy
Noise bars "roll" up or
down in the output image
or:
Low Frequency Hum in the
audio output
Hum bars (ground loop) are caused by a difference in the ground potential of
any two or more devices connected to your signal path. This difference is
compensated by passing that voltage difference through any available
interconnection, including your video cables.
WARNING!
Do not disconnect the ground from any piece of
video equipment in your signal path!
Check the following to remove hum bars:
1. Confirm that all interconnected equipment is connected to the same phase of
power, if possible.
2. Remove equipment connected to that phase that may introduce noise, such as
motors, generators, etc.
3. Disconnect all interconnect cables and reconnect them one at a time until the
ground loop reappears. Disconnect the affected cable and replace, or insert an
isolation transformer in the signal path.
 Audio Signal
Problem Remedy
No audio at the output
device, regardless of input
selected
1. Confirm that your sources and output device are turned on and connected
properly. Audio signals connected to the input of your machine should be
properly wired to the output of your source. Audio signals connected to the
output of your machine should be properly wired to the input of your machine
or recorder.
2. Confirm that any other amplifiers in the signal path have the proper input
and/or output selected. Pay special attention to input amplifiers that may be
built into your acceptor.
Audio level is too low 1. Confirm that the connecting cables are of high quality and properly built. Take
special care in noting the wiring configuration of balanced to unbalanced
cables.
2.
Check level controls located on your source input device or output display or
recorder.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
14
 Control
Problem Remedy
No control of matrix
switcher from PC
software
1.
Confirm the wiring of the connecting cable. This pin configuration may be found in
Figure 3. Cable length should not exceed 25 feet.
2. Confirm that all DIPswitches on the matrix switcher have been set properly.
Confirm that the baud rate of your computer COM port is set to the same as that of
your matrix switcher (9600-Baud). Confirm that the proper COM port is selected in
the control software.
3. Confirm that bi-directional communication is enabled on all matrix switchers.
4.
With custom software, do not send multiple commands at the same time. The matrix
switcher must complete one command and send the reply, before receiving another.
5. Confirm that the computer you are using supports true RS-232C protocol.
Computers such as the Apple Macintosh do not!
 Switching Malfunctions
Problem Remedy
The switcher succeeds
in switching a number
of sources then fails to
switch one.
Malfunction in the particular source or cable assembly.
NOTE
The most common failure mode in transferring the signal of
an audio source is a break in the connecting wire.
Disconnect the source from a channel that is switching successfully and connect the
suspect source to it. If the channel continues to switch successfully, then there is
something wrong with the matrix switcher or the suspect source was not connected
properly. If it does not continue to switch successfully, then there is something
wrong with the source or cable assembly. Check them.
 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FOR THE VS-1604 (PROTOCOL 2000)
This RS-232 / RS-485 communication protocol uses four bytes of information as defined below.
For RS-232, a null-modem connection between the machine and controller is used. The default data rate is 9600
baud, with no parity, 8 data bits and 1 stop bit.

MSB LSB
DESTI-
NATION
INSTRUCTION
0 D N5 N4 N3 N2 N1 N0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
st
byte

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
15
INPUT
1 I6 I5 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2
nd
byte
OUTPUT
1 O6 O5 O4 O3 O2 O1 O0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
3
rd
byte
MACHINE NUMBER
1 0 0 M4 M3 M2 M1 M0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
4
th
byte

1
st
BYTE: Bit 7 – Defined as 0.
D – “DESTINATION”: 0 - for sending information to the switchers (from the PC);
1 - for sending to the PC (from the switcher).
N5…N0 – “INSTRUCTION”
The function that is to be performed by the switcher(s) is defined by the INSTRUCTION (6 bits).
Similarly, if a function is performed via the machine’s keyboard, then these bits are set with the
INSTRUCTION NO., which was performed. The instruction codes are defined according to the table
below (INSTRUCTION NO. is the value to be set for N5…N0).
2
nd
BYTE: Bit 7 – Defined as 1.
I6…I0 – “INPUT”.
When switching (i.e. instruction codes 1 and 2), the INPUT (7 bits) is set as the input number which is
to be switched. Similarly, if switching is done via the machine’s front-panel, then these bits are set with
the INPUT NUMBER, which was switched. For other operations, these bits are defined according to the
table.
3
rd
BYTE: Bit 7 – Defined as 1.
O6…O0 – “OUTPUT”.
When switching (i.e. instruction codes 1 and 2), the OUTPUT (7 bits) is set as the output number which
is to be switched. Similarly, if switching is done via the machine’s front-panel, then these bits are set
with the OUTPUT NUMBER, which was switched. For other operations, these bits are defined
according to the table.
4
th
BYTE: Bit 7 – Defined as 1.
Bit 6, bit 5 – Defined as 0.
M4…M0 – MACHINE NUMBER.
Used to address machines in a system via their machine numbers. When several machines are controlled from a single
serial port, they are usually configured together with each machine having an individual machine number.
For a single machine controlled via the serial port, always set M4…M0 = 1, and make sure that the machine itself is
configured as MACHINE NUMBER = 1.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
16
Table 4: Instruction Codes For Protocol “2000”
Note: All values in the table are decimal, unless otherwise stated.
INSTRUCTION DEFINITION FOR SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION
# DESCRIPTION INPUT OUTPUT
NOTE
0 RESET VIDEO 0 0 1
1 SWITCH VIDEO Set equal to video input which
is to be switched
(0 = disconnect)
Set equal to video output which
is to be switched
(0 = to all the outputs)
2
2 SWITCH AUDIO Set equal to audio input which
is to be switched
(0 = disconnect)
Set equal to audio output which
is to be switched
(0 = to all the outputs)
2
3,
19 STORE STATUS Set as SETUP # (0-15) 0 - to store 1- to delete 2, 3
4,
20 RECALL STATUS Set as SETUP # (0-15) 0 2, 3
5 REQUEST STATUS OF A
VIDEO OUTPUT Set as SETUP # (0-15) Equal to output number whose status is req. 4, 3
6 REQUEST STATUS OF
AN AUDIO OUTPUT Set as SETUP # (0-15) Equal to output number whose status is req. 4, 3
7 VIS SOURCE 0- No VIS (immediate)
1- Input # 1 2, 5
8 BREAKAWAY SETTING 0 0- audio-follow-video
1- audio breakaway 2
10 REQUEST VIS SETTING Set as SETUP # (0-15), or
set to 126 or 127 to request if
machine has this function
0- VIS source
3, 4, 6, 7
11 REQUEST BREAKAWAY
SETTING Set as SETUP # (0-15), or set to 126 or 127 to request if
machine has this function
0 3, 4, 6
12 REQUEST VIDEO /
AUDIO TYPE SETTING Set as SETUP # (0-15), or set to 126 or 127 to request if
machine has this function
0- for video
1- for audio 3, 4, 6
15 REQUEST WHETHER
SETUP IS DEFINED Set as SETUP # (0-15) 0 8
16 ERROR / BUSY 0 0-error
1-invalid instruction
2-out of range
3- machine busy
9
17 RESERVED - - - - - - - - 10
18 RESET AUDIO 0 0 1
25 REQUEST GAIN Equal to output number whose
gain is requested
(set to 126 or 127 to request if
machine has this function)
0-video gain
1-audio gain 3, 6
57 SET AUTO-SAVE 0-no save
1-auto-save 0 12, 2
58 RESERVED - - - - - - - - 10
59 RESERVED - - - - - - - - 10
60 RESERVED - - - - - - - - 10

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
17
61 IDENTIFY MACHINE 1,2- machine name
3,4- software version
0 13
62 DEFINE MACHINE 1-number of inputs
2-number of outputs
3-number of setups
1-for video
2-for audio 14
NOTES on the above table:
NOTE 1 - When the master switcher is reset, (e.g. when it is turned on), the reset code is sent to the PC. If this code is
sent to the switchers, it will reset according to the present power-down settings.
NOTE 2 - These are bi-directional definitions. That is, if the switcher receives the code, it will perform the
instruction; and if the instruction is performed (due to a keystroke operation on the front panel), then these codes are
sent. For example, if the HEX code
01 85 88 83
was sent from the PC, then the switcher (machine 3) will switch input 5 to output 8. If the user switched input 1 to
output 7 via the front panel keypad, then the switcher will send to the PC:
41 81 87 83
When the PC sends one of the commands in this group to the switcher, then, if the instruction is valid, the switcher
replies by sending to the PC the same four bytes that it was sent (except for the first byte, where the DESTINATION
bit is set high).
NOTE 3 - SETUP # 0 is the present setting. SETUP # 1 to SETUP # 15 is the settings saved in the switcher's memory,
(i.e. those used for Store and Recall).
NOTE 4 - The reply to a "REQUEST" instruction is as follows: the same instruction and INPUT codes as were sent
are returned, and the OUTPUT is assigned the value of the requested parameter. The replies to instructions 10 and 11
are as per the definitions in instructions 7 and 8 respectively. For example, if the present status of machine number 5 is
breakaway setting, then the reply to the HEX code
0B 80 80 85
would be
4B 80 81 85
NOTE 6 – If INPUT is set to 127 for these instructions, then, if the function is defined on this machine, it replies with
OUTPUT=1. If the function is not defined, then the machine replies with OUTPUT=0, or with an error (invalid
instruction code).
If the INPUT is set to 126 for these instructions, then, if possible, the machine will return the current setting of this
function, even for the case that the function is not defined. For example, for a video switcher which always switches
during the VIS of input #1, (and its VIS setting cannot be programmed otherwise), the reply to the HEX code
4A FE 80 81 (i.e. request VIS setting, with INPUT set as 126
dec
)
Would be
4A FE 81 81 (i.e. VIS setting = 3, which is defined as VIS from input #1).

NOTE 7 – Setting OUTPUT to 0 will return the VIS source setting as defined in instruction #7.
NOTE 8 - The reply to the "REQUEST WHETHER SETUP IS DEFINED" is as in TYPE 3 above, except that here
the OUTPUT is assigned with the value 0 if the setup is not defined; or 1 if it is defined.
NOTE 9 - An error code is returned to the PC if an invalid instruction code was sent to the switcher, or if a parameter
associated with the instruction is out of range (e.g. trying to save to a setup greater than 15, or trying to switch an input
or output greater than the highest one defined). This code is also returned to the PC if an RS-232 instruction is sent
while the machine is being programmed via the front panel. Reception of this code by the switcher is not valid.
NOTE 10 – This code is reserved for internal use.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
18
NOTE 11 – For machines where the video and / or audio gain is programmable, the value of the gain is represented in
“ twos complement” format to allow for negative values (attenuation).
NOTE 12 - Under normal conditions, the machine's present status is saved each time a change is made. The "power-
down" save (auto-save) may be disabled using this code. Note that whenever the machine is turned on, the auto-save
function is set.

NOTE 13 - This is a request to identify the switcher/s in the system. If the INPUT is set as 1 or 2, the machine will
send its name. The reply is the decimal value of the INPUT and OUTPUT.
If the request for identification is sent with the INPUT set as 3 or 4, the appropriate machine will send its software
version number. Again, the reply would be the decimal value of the INPUT and OUTPUT - the INPUT representing
the number in front of the decimal point, and the OUTPUT representing the number after it. For example, for version
3.5, the reply to the request to send the version number would be (HEX codes):
7D 83 85 81 (i.e. 128
dec
+ 3
dec
for 2
nd
byte, 128
dec
+ 5
dec
for 3
rd
byte).
NOTE 14 - The number of inputs and outputs refers to the specific machine that is being addressed, not to the system.
For example, if six 16X4 matrices are configured to make a 48X4 system (48 inputs, 4 outputs), the reply to the HEX
code 3E 81 81 82 (i.e. request the number of inputs)
would be
7E 81 90 82
i.e. 16 inputs