KYORITSU KEW 4106 User manual

InstructionManual
EarthResistance/EarthResistivityTester
KEW 4106

Contents
1.SafetyWarnings...............................................................................................1
2.HowtostoretheCover....................................................................................5
 2-1MethodofremovingtheCover...............................................................5
 2-2MethodofstoringtheCover...................................................................5
3. Features.............................................................................................................6
4. Specifications...................................................................................................7
5. InstrumentLayout.......................................................................................... 10
6. MarksandmessagesontheLCD.............................................................. 13
7. MeasurementPrinciple................................................................................. 14
 7-1PrincipleofEarthResistanceMeasurements................................... 14
 7-2PrincipleofEarthResistivity(ρ)Measurements.............................. 14
8. PreparationforMeasurement....................................................................... 15
 8-1BatteryVoltageCheck........................................................................... 15
 8-2Settings................................................................................................... 15
 8-2-1SettingItems................................................................................... 15
 8-2-2SettingforMeasurementMethod................................................ 16
 8-2-3SettingforMeasurementFrequency............................................ 16
 8-2-4Site(location)No.Setting............................................................ 17
 8-2-5SettingfortheintervalbetweenAuxiliaryEarthSpikes
 atEarthResistivity(ρ)Measurements....................................... 18
 8-2-6DateandTimeSetting.................................................................... 18
 8-2-7Settingfortheresidualresistance(Rk)ontheTestLeads..... 21
 8-3Backlight................................................................................................. 22
 8-4Auto-Power-Off....................................................................................... 22
 8-5SeriesInterferenceVoltage(EarthVoltage)Measurement............. 23
 8-6AuxiliaryEarthResistanceMeasurement.......................................... 23
 8-7ConnectionofEarthTestLeadsandSimplified
 MeasurementProbes............................................................................. 23

9. MeasurementMethod................................................................................... 24
 9-1EarthResistanceMeasurement........................................................... 24
 9-1-1PreciseMeasurement(3-Wire)..................................................... 25
 9-1-2PreciseMeasurement(4-Wire)..................................................... 27
 9-1-3SimplifiedMeasurement(2-Wire)................................................ 29
 9-2EarthResistivity(ρ)Measurement.................................................... 31
10.Save/RecalltheMeasurementResults.................................................... 34
 10-1Howtosavethedata......................................................................... 34
 10-2Howtorecallthesaveddata............................................................ 35
 10-3Howtodeletethesaveddata........................................................... 35
 10-3-1Deletethedataonebyone........................................................ 35
 10-3-2Deletethewholedataone-time................................................ 36
 10-4HowtotransferthestoreddatatoaPC......................................... 37
11.BatteryandFuseReplacement................................................................... 38
 11-1BatteryReplacement.......................................................................... 38
 11-2FuseReplacement.............................................................................. 38
12.CaseandShoulderstrapAssembly........................................................... 40
13.BeforeSendingforService.......................................................................... 41

1
1.SafetyWarnings
This instrument has been designed, manufactured and tested according to
IEC 61010: Safety requirements for Electronic Measuring apparatus, and
deliveredinthebestconditionafterpassingqualitycontroltests.
This instruction manual contains warnings and safety rules which have to
be observed by the user to ensure safe operation of the instrument and
to maintain it in safe condition. Therefore, read through these operating
instructionsbeforeusingtheinstrument.
#WARNING
●Readthroughandunderstandtheinstructionscontainedinthismanual
beforeusingtheinstrument.
●Keep the manual at hand to enable quick reference whenever
necessary.
●Theinstrumentistobeusedonlyinitsintendedapplications.
●Understand and follow all the safety instructions contained in the
manual.
Itisessentialthattheaboveinstructionsareadheredto.Failuretofollow
theaboveinstructions maycause injury,instrument damage and/or
damagetoequipmentundertest.
○The symbol #indicated on the instrument, means that the user
must refer to the related parts in the manual for safe operation of the
instrument.
○Readtheinstructionsfollowingcarefullyeach#symbolinthemanual.
#DANGER:is reserved for conditions and actions that are likely to
causeseriousorfatalinjury.
#WARNING:is reserved for conditions and actions that can cause
seriousorfatalinjury.
#CAUTION:isreservedforconditionsandactionsthatcancause
injuryorinstrumentdamage.

2
#DANGER
●Never make measurement on a circuit in which electrical potentials
exceedingAC/DC300Vexist.
●Do not attempt to make measurement in the presence of flammable
gasses. Otherwise, the use of the instrument may cause sparking,
whichcanleadtoanexplosion.
●Neverattemptto usethe instrumentif itssurface oryour handare
wet.
●Becarefulnottoshort-circuitthepowerlinewiththemetalpartofthe
testleadswhenmeasuringavoltage.Itmaycausepersonalinjury.
●Donotexceedthemaximumallowableinputofanymeasuringrange.
●DonotpresstheTestButtonbeforeconnectingtheTestLeads.
●NeveropentheBatterycoverduringameasurement.
#WARNING
●Never attempt to make any measurement if any abnormal conditions,
such as a broken cover or exposed metal parts are present on the
InstrumentandTestLeads.
●DonotrotatetheRangeSwitchwiththeTestLeadsconnectedtothe
equipmentundertest.
●Donotinstallsubstitutepartsormakeanymodificationtothe
instrument.
Returntheinstrument toyourlocalKEW distributor forrepairor
re-calibrationincaseofsuspectedfaultyoperation.
●Donotreplacebatteriesiftheinstrumentiswet.
●Ensurethatthetestleadsarefirmlyinsertedintotheterminal.
●SettheRangeswitchtoOFFpositionwhenopeningtheBatterycover
forbatteryreplacement.

3
#CAUTION
●Set and check the Range switch to the appropriate position before
makingmeasurement.
●Set the Range switch toOFF position after use and remove the
test leads. The instrument consume small current at any range other
thanOFF,anditshortensthebatterylife.Removethebatteriesifthe
instrumentistobestoredandwillnotbeinuseforalongperiod.
●Do not expose the instrument to direct sunlight, high temperatures,
humidityordew.
●Useadampclothwithneutraldetergentforcleaningtheinstrument.
Donotuseabrasivesorsolvents.
●Donotstoretheinstrumentifitiswet.Storeitafteritdries.
●Usetheinstrumentinfollowingenvironmentalconditionssoasnotto
impairthesafetyoftheinstrument.
*Temperature:-10ºC˜50ºC,Altitude:2000morless

4
Symbols
CAT.IV
The circuit from the service drop to the service entrance, and
to the power meter and primary overcurrent protection device
(distributionpanel)
CAT.III
Primaryelectrical circuits of theequipment connected directly to
the distribution panel, and feeders from the distribution panel to
outlets.
Instrumentwithdoubleorreinforcedinsulation
#Usermustrefertotheexplanationsintheinstructionmanual.
This instrument meets CAT.III300V/ CAT.IV150V.To ensure safe
operationofmeasuringinstruments,IEC61010establishessafetystandards
for various electrical environments, categorized as CAT.II to CAT.IV, and
called measurement categories. Higher-numbered categories correspond
to electrical environments with greater momentary energy, so a measuring
instrumentdesignedforCAT.IIIenvironmentscanenduregreatermomentary
energythanonedesignedforCAT.II.
O :Circuits which are not directly connected to the mains power
supply.
CAT.II :Primary electrical circuits of equipment connected to an AC
electricaloutletbyapowercord.
CAT.III :Seeabovetable.
CAT.IV :Seeabovetable.

5
2.HowtostoretheCover
This instrument has a dedicated Cover to protect against impacts from
theoutsideandpreventtheinstrumentbodyfrombecomingdirty.The
Cover can be detached and put on the backside of the main body during
measurements.
2-1MethodofremovingtheCover
Slideand pulltheCover in
thedirectionofanarrow.
2-2MethodofstoringtheCover
Turn the Cover, slide and
push it in thedirectionof
arrow.
fig.1
fig.2

6
3.Features
KEW4106 is a 2/ 3/ 4-Wire Digital Earth Resistance/ Earth Resistivity
Tester equipped with a microcomputer and can measure earth resistances
and calculate earth resistivities (ρ). This instrument can measure earth
resistancesonpowerdistributionlines,in-housewiringsystemandelectrical
appliancesetc.duetothelowoutputvoltage:approx10Vrmsorless.
●Designedtomeetfollowingsafetystandards.
IEC 61010-1, IEC61010-2-030 (CAT.III 300V, CAT.IV 150V, Pollution
degree2)
IEC61010-031（Requirementsforhand-heldProbes）
IEC61557-1,5(EarthResistanceTester)
●Stablemeasurementresults canbe obtainedunder anoisy environment
byintroducingtheFFT(FastFourierTransform)technology.
●Dot-matrix192x64,MonochromeLCD
●Backlightfunctiontoviewthetestresultsindimlyareas
●Canswitchfrequenciesofmeasuringsignal
4-kindoffrequencies:94/105/111/128Hz,areselectablebyhand
orautomatically.
●Rk Function is available to cancel the residual resistance on the Test
Leads.
●BatteryCheckFunction
●CanmeasureSeriesInterferenceVoltage/Frequency
VoltagevaluesandfrequenciesaredisplayedwhenSeries
Interferencevoltage(AC)exist.
●AuxiliaryEarthResistanceMeasurementFunction
Auxiliaryearthresistancesaremeasuredanddisplayed.
●WarningforAuxiliaryEarthResistanceMeasurements
WarningsaredisplayedontheLCDwhenauxiliaryearthresistancesare
toohighandmayresultininaccuratemeasurements.
●Auto-Power-OffFunction
Theinstrumentisautomaticallypoweredoffwhen5minpasseswithout
anyKeyoperation.
●MemoryFunction
Cansave800measuredresults.
●CommunicationInterface
Can transfer the saved data in the instrument to a PC via a supplied
OpticalAdaptor.

7
4.Specification
●ApplicableStandards
IEC61010-1 Measurement CAT.III 300V, CAT.IV 150V Pollution
degree2
IEC61010-2-030 MeasurementCAT.III300V,CAT.IV150VPollution
degree2
IEC61010-031 Standardforhand-heldProbes
IEC61557-1,5 EarthResistanceTester
IEC61326-1 EMCStandard
IEC60529  IP54
●Measuringrangeandaccuracy(23ºC±5ºC,relativehumidity45˜75%RH)
Function Range Resolution Measuring
Range Accuracy
Earth
Resistance
Re
(Rgatρ
measurement)
2Ω 0.001Ω 0.030〜2.099Ω ±2%rdg.±0.03Ω
20Ω 0.01Ω 0.03〜20.99Ω
Note1)
±2%rdg.±5dgt
200Ω 0.1Ω 0.3〜209.9Ω
2000Ω 1Ω 3〜2099Ω
20kΩ 10Ω 0.03k〜20.99kΩ
200kΩ 100Ω 0.3k〜209.9kΩ
AuxiliaryEarth
Resistance
Rh,Rs
8%ofRe+Rh+Rs
Earth
Resistivity
ρ
2Ω
0.1Ω･m
~1Ω･m
Auto-
ranging
0.2〜395.6Ω・ｍ
Note2)
ρ＝ 2×π×a×Rg
20Ω 0.2〜3956Ω・ｍ
200Ω 20〜39.56ｋΩ・ｍ
2000Ω 0.2ｋ〜395.6ｋΩ・ｍ
20kΩ 2.0ｋ〜1999ｋΩ・ｍ
200kΩ
SeriesNote3)
Interference
Voltage
Ust(A.Conly)
50V 0.1V 0~50.9Vrms
±2%rdg.±2dgt
(50/60Hz)
±3%rdg.±2dgt.
(40~500Hz)
Frequency
Fst
Auto-
ranging
0.1Hz
1Hz 40Hz~499.9Hz ±1%rdg.±2dgt
Note1)Auxiliaryearthresistanceis100ΩwithRkcorrection
Note2)DependingonthemeasuredRg.Interval[a]betweenauxiliaryearth
spikesis1.0~30.0m
Note3)Thisinstrumentisnotdesignedtomeasurevoltagesoncommercial
powers.

8
●MeasuringmethodforEarthResistance
Fall-of-potentialmethod(currentsandvoltagesmeasuredviatheProbes)
●MeasurementmethodofEarthResistivity(ρ)
Wenner4-polemethod
●OutputCharacteristics
MeasuringVoltageUm (max.) approx 10Vrms 94Hz, 105Hz, 111Hz,
128Hz
MeasuringCurrentIm (max.)approx80mA,however,Im×（Re+Rh）
<Um
●MeasuringMethodforSeriesInterferenceVoltage(earthvoltage)
RMSRectifier(betweentheE-STerminals）
●MemoryCapacity:800data
●CommunicationInterface :Model8212USBOpticalAdaptor
●LCD Dot-matrix192×64,monochrome
 Backlight
 Earthresistance :max209.9kΩ
 Earthresistivity :1999kΩ･m
 SeriesInterferenceVoltage :max50.9V
●LowBatteryWarning :Batterymarkappears.
●ContinuousMeasurement :400timesormorewithmanganesebatteries;
repeatingmeasurementsatevery30 sec
withaloadof1Ωat2ΩRange.
●Over-rangeIndication :OL
●Auto-Power-Off :automatically powered off when 5 min
passeswithoutanyKeyoperation.
●Locationforuse : Indoor/Outdooruse(Notcompletelywaterproof),
altitude2000morless
●Applicablerange : Testingearthresistanceonpowerdistribution
lines, in-house wiring system and electrical
appliances
●Temperature&Humidityrange(guaranteedaccuracy):
23℃±5℃ ,relativehumidity85％orless(nocondensation)
●OperatingTemperature&Humidityrange:
-10℃ ~ 50℃ ,relativehumidity75％orless(nocondensation)
●StorageTemperature&Humidityrange:
-20℃ ˜60℃ ,relativehumidity75％orless(nocondensation)
●OverloadProtection:betweenE-S(P)andbetweenE-H(C)terminals
AC280V/10sec
●WithstandVoltage  :betweentheelectricalcircuitandenclosure
AC3540V(50/60Hz)/5sec
●InsulationResistance :betweentheelectricalcircuitandenclosure
50MΩormore/DC1000Ｖ

9
●Dimension 167（L）x185（W）x89（D）mm
●Weight approx900g（includingbatteries）
●PowersourceDC12V:sizeAAmanganesedrybattery(R6P)x8pcs
*Inauseofthisinstrumentunderlowtemperaturebelow0ºC,auseof
alkalinebatterieswithlowtemperaturespecisrecommended.
●Operatinginstrumentaluncertainty
 Operatinginstrumentaluncertainty(B)isanerrorobtainedwithintherated
operating conditions, and calculated with the intrinsic error (A), which is
anerroroftheinstrumentused,andtheerror(En)duetovariations.
)15.1( 2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2EEEEAB ++++±=
A:Intrinsicerror
E2:Variationduetochangingthesupplyvoltage
E3:Variationduetochangingthetemperature
E4:Variationduetoseriesinterferencevoltage
E5:Variation due to resistance of the probes and auxiliary earth electrode
resistance
●Rangetokeepthemaximumoperatingerror
Measurement range within which the maximum operating error (±30%)
applies.
 2ΩRange :0.5Ω˜2.099Ω
 20ΩRange :2Ω˜20.99Ω
 200ΩRange :20Ω˜209.9Ω
 2000ΩRange:200Ω˜2099Ω
 20kΩRange :2kΩ˜20.99kΩ
 200kΩRange :20kΩ˜209.9kΩ
VariationofSupplyVoltage:untiltheBatteryWarningmarkappears
TemperatureVariation:-10℃~50℃
Series Interference Voltage : 16･2/3Hz, 50Hz, 60Hz, 400Hz and
DC3V
*Noneedto considerDC Series interferencevoltages at2Ω &20Ω
Ranges
Auxiliary earth electrode resistance : within following range or 50kΩ
orlesswhicheversmaller(Atρmeasurements,"Re"inthisformulais
replacedwith"Rg".)
Rh,Rslimit Accuracy
Re<0.40Ω 1kΩ
±5%rdg±1%fs
0.4Ω≦Re<1.00Ω 2kΩ
1.00Ω≦Re<2.00Ω 3.5kΩ
2.00Ω≦Re =Rex100+5kΩ(Rh,Rs<50kΩ)

10
5.InstrumentLayout
●InstrumentbodyandConnector
① LCD
② ENTER/SAVEKey
③ ESCKey
④ MENUKey
⑤ BacklightKey
⑥ CursorKey 
⑦ TESTButton
⑧ RangeSwitch
⑨ EarthTerminalE
⑩ ProbeTerminalESfortheEarthTerminalside
⑪ ProbeTerminalS
⑫ AuxiliaryEarthTerminalforCurrentH
⑬ TerminalsforOpticalAdaptor
①
②
③
④
⑦
⑤
⑥
⑧
⑨ ⑩ ⑪ ⑫ ⑬

11
●LCDIndications
●Accessories
#DANGER
● DonotconnectthePrecisionMeasurementTestLeadswhereelectrical
potentialsexceeding33Vrmswithpeakvalueof46VorDC70V.
 PleaseusetheSimplifiedMeasurementTestLeadsforvoltagemeasurement.
The Alligator clips need to be attached and used under CAT. III / IV test
environmentsandtheFlatTestBarsareunderCAT.IItestenvironment.
PrecisionMeasurementTestLeadsMODEL7229A
(red40m,yellow20m,black20m,green20m)
SimplifiedMeasurementTestLeadsMODEL7238A
MemoryNo. SiteNo. Month-Day Time
Wiring
Measuringsignal
frequency
CursorKeyisactive.
MainDisplay
ResultDisplayScreen

12
 AuxiliaryEarthSpikeMODEL8032x2sets(4spikesintotal)
 CordReelMODEL8200-04x1set(4reelsintotal)(forMODEL7229A)
 OpticalAdaptorMODEL8212USBx1set
 CommunicationSoftwareCD-ROMKEWReportx1pce
 SizeAAManganesebattery(R6P)x8pcs
 CarryingcaseMODEL9125
 Shoulderstrapx1pce

13
6.MarksandMessagesdisplayedontheLCD
Followingmarksandmessagesaredisplayedwhilemeasurements.
MarksandMessages Details
Batteryvoltageislow.Replacethebatteries.
Thismarkisbeingdisplayedduringameasurement.
Measuring range for the selected Range is
exceeded. In case of Ust measurements, 50V or
moreisdetected.
Failedtomakesuccessfulmeasurements
Rkisexceededthelimitvalue;exceeding2Ωat2
ΩRangeandexceeding9Ωat20ΩRange.
SettingforRkcanbemadeat20Ωorlower
Setting for Rk can be made only at 2w, 3w, 4w
measurements.
UstisRegulatedvalueormore.
Rh and Rs values exceed the allowable range.
Correctresultsmightnotbeobtained.
Nosaveddataexists.
Memoryisfull.Nomoredatacansavedin.
A confirmation messagebeforedeletingthe
selecteditem.
A confirmation message before deleting the all
items.
Allitemshavebeendeleted.
Nxxx is a MemoryNo.,andtheleftmessage
saying 95 data have been stored. (Displayed at
theDataReviewScreen.)
Indicating the measured result is saved with
MemoryNo.N003.
The characterS stands forSite. Selectable
from000to999.
Dataissuccessfullysaved.

14
7.MeasurementPrinciple
7-1PrincipleofEarthResistanceMeasurements
This instrument makes earth resistance measurements with fall-of-potential
method,whichisamethodtoobtainearthresistancevalueRxbyapplying
AC currentI between the measurement objectE (earth electrode) and
H(C)(currentelectrode),andfindingoutthepotentialdifferenceVbetween
E (earth electrode) andS(P) (potential electrode). This unit outputs test
voltageUmto generateAC currentI. EarthresistancevalueRx is
determinedbytheACcurrentIandpotentialdifferenceV.SeeFig. ３.
7-2PrincipleofEarthResistivity(ρ)Measurements
AccordingtotheWenner4-polemethod,applyACcurrentIbetweenthe
E(earthelectrode)andH(C)(currentelectrode)tofindoutthepotential
differenceV between the potential electrodeS(P)and auxiliary earth
electrodesES.(Fig.4)
ToobtaintheearthresistanceRg(Ω),devidethepotentialdifferenceV
byACcurrentI;wheretheintervalbetweenelectrodedsisa(m).Then
useaformula:ρ＝ 2･π･a･Rg(Ω・m)
Fig.3
Fig.4

15
8.PreparationforMeasurement
8-1BatteryVoltageCheck
Powerontheinstrument.IfthedisplayisclearwithouttheLowbatterymark
" "showing,batteryvoltageissufficient.Ifthedisplayblanksorthe
Lowbatterymarkisindicated(Fig.5),replacethebatteriesaccordingto11.
forBatteryandFuseReplacement.
Note)Measurements cannot be made, even the Test Button is pressed,
whiletheLowBatteryMarkisdisplayedontheLCD.Measurements
arehaultwhentheLowBatteryMarkappearsontheLCD.
8-2Settings
8-2-1SettingItems
This instrument starts with Measurement mode (Fig.6 Main Screen) when
itispoweredonwhiletheRangeSwitchhasbeensettothepositionother
thanOFF.
Measurementconditionsshouldbesetbeforestartingmeasurements.
Setting the date and time enables a saving measured data with time
information.Pressthe KeyandenterintotheSYSTEMMENU
(Fig.7).ThenselectCONFIGSETTINGwithCursorKeys,andpressthe
 KeytoenterintotheCONFIGSETTINGmode.(Fig.8)Pressing
the KeytwiceexitsfromtheCONFIGSETTINGmodeandreturns
toMeasurementmode.
Fig.6MainScreen
Fig.7 Fig.8
Fig.5Lowbatterymark

16
Settingsoffollowingparameterscanbemadeonthisinstrument
●Wire :Measurementmethod（WiringSystem）
●Freq :Measurementfrequency
●Site :Site(location)No
●Lh  :IntervaloftheauxiliaryearthspikesatEarthresistivity(ρ)
measurement
●Date/Time :Year/Month/Day,Time(24-hourdisplay）
●Rk  :ResidualresistanceontheTestLeads
8-2-2SettingforMeasurementMethod
Measurement method is selectable from: 2-wire (2-wire system), 3-wire
(3-wiresystem),4-wire(4-wiresystem)andρ(earthresistivity).
SelectWirewiththeCursorKeyontheCONFIGSETTINGScreenand
pressthe KeytoproceedtotheWiringSettingScreen.(Fig.9)
SelecttheappropriateWiringSystemwiththeCursorKeyandpressthe
 Key.ThentheCONFIGSETTINGScreenwiththeselectedWiring
Systemwillbedisplayed.
8-2-3SettingforMeasurementFrequency
Measurement signal frequencies can be selected from following four
frequency bands with this instrument in order to minimize the influence of
theseriesinterferencevoltage(earthvoltage).
*Auto*94Hz*105Hz*111Hz*128Hz
Theinstrumentautomatically select the bestsuitablefrequencywhen
selectingAuto and output the frequency signal. SelectFreq with the
CursorKeyontheCONFIGSETTINGScreenandpressthe Keyto
displaytheFrequencySettingScreen(Fig.11).
Fig.9
Fig.10
Fig.11