LEGO 21031 User manual

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21031
Burj Khalifa
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Dubaï, Émirats arabes unis
Dubái (Emiratos Árabes Unidos)

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BurjKhalifa
Described as both a ‘Vertical City’ and ‘A Living Wonder’, Burj Khalifa,
at the heart of downtown Dubai, is also the world’s tallest building.
Developed by Dubai-based Emaar Properties PJSC, Burj Khalifa rises
gracefully from the desert and honors the city with its extraordinary
union of art, engineering and meticulous craftsmanship.
At 2,716.5 ft. (828 m), the equivalent of a 200-story building, Burj Khalifa
has 160 habitable levels, the most of any building in the world. The
tower was inaugurated on January 4, 2010, to coincide with the fourth
anniversary of the Accession Day of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed
Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE
and Ruler of Dubai.
Arguably the world’s most interesting construction project, Burj Khalifa
is responsible for a number of world firsts. The tower became the
world’s tallest man-made structure just 1,325 days after excavation
work started in January 2004.

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©EmaarPropertiesPJSC

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Burj Khalifa utilized a record-breaking 430,000 cubic yds. (330,000 m
3
)
of concrete; 42,990 tons (39,000 metric tons) of steel reinforcement;
1.1 million sq. ft. (103,000 m2) of glass; and 167,000 sq. ft. (15,500 m2) of
embossed stainless steel. The tower took 22 million man-hours to build.
With a total built-up area of 5.67 million sq. ft. (526,000 m2), Burj Khalifa
features 1.85 million sq. ft. (170,000 m
2
) of residential space, over 300,000
sq. ft. (28,000 m2) of office space, with the remaining area occupied by
a luxury hotel. In 2003, as a result of an international design
competition, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM) was selected from
a group of five international competitors to carry out the architecture
and engineering of the Burj Khalifa.
With famous architecture in the Haj Terminal at Jeddah Airport and
National Commercial Bank, SOM is no stranger to Middle Eastern
design. SOM incorporated patterns and elements from traditional Islamic
architecture, but the most inspiring muse was a regional desert flower,
the Hymenocallis, whose harmonious structure is one of the organizing
principles of the tower’s design. Three ‘petals’ are arranged in a triangular
©EmaarPropertiesPJSC ©EmaarPropertiesPJSC

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shape and unified at the center, and instead of repeated identical
patterns, the architectural plan appoints successively receding and
rotated stories.
The Y-shaped plan is ideal for residential and hotel usage, with the wings
allowing maximum outward views and inward natural light. Viewed from
above or from the base, the tips of the Y-shaped plan evoke the onion
domes of Islamic architecture. During the design process, engineers
rotated the building 120 degrees from its original layout to reduce
stress from prevailing winds.
Architecturally, the building transforms itself from a solid base expression
to a vertically expressed middle section of polished stainless steel,
projected metal fins, and glass. Only vertical elements were used here,
as the fine dust in Dubai’s air would build up on any horizontal projecting
elements.
DESERT FLOWER
DOME SHAPE
©EmaarPropertiesPJSC©EmaarPropertiesPJSC ©EmaarPropertiesPJSC©EmaarPropertiesPJSC

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With the design and engineering of Burj Khalifa, Skidmore, Owings &
Merrill LLP (SOM) joined forces with Dubai based developers Emaar
Properties PJSC, to redefine what was possible with supertall buildings.
With a portfolio that includes some of the most important architectural
accomplishments of the 20th and 21st centuries, including the John
Hancock Center and Willis (formerly Sears) Tower, SOM was perfectly
placed to carry out this challenging task.
To create Burj Khalifa—a building that shatters all previous height records
at 2,716.5 ft. (828 m)—a team of more than 90 designers and engineers
combined cutting edge technology and culturally-influenced design to
create a global icon that will serve as a model for future urban centers.
TheArchitects
©EmaarPropertiesPJSC

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ConstructionHighlights
Burj Khalifa is truly the product of international collaboration; over 60
consultants including 30 on-site contracting companies from around
the world were involved in the project.
At the peak of construction, over 12,000 professionals and skilled
workers from more than 100 countries were on site every day. The
world’s fastest high-capacity construction hoists, with a speed of up
to 6.5 ft./sec (2 m/sec or 120 m/min), were used to move men and
materials.
Over 1.59 million cubic ft. (45,000 m3) of
concrete, weighing more than 121,254
tons (110,000 metric tons), were used
to construct the concrete and steel
foundations, which feature 192 piles,
buried more than 164 ft. (50 m) deep.
Burj Khalifa employs a record-breaking
11.6 million cubic ft. (330,000 m
3
) of
concrete; 42,990 tons (39,000 metric
tons) of reinforced steel; 1.1 million sq.
ft. (103,000 m
2
) of glass; 166,800 sq. ft.
(15,500 m2) of embossed stainless steel;
and the tower took 22 million man-hours
to build. The amount of reinforced steel
used at the tower would, if laid end to
end, extend over a quarter of the way
around the world. The concrete used
is equivalent to a sidewalk 1,200 miles
(1,900 km) in length, and the weight of
110,000 elephants. The weight of the
empty building is 551,156 tons (500,000
metric tons).
The tower accomplished a world record for the highest installation of
an aluminum and glass facade, at a height of 1,679.8 ft. (512 m). The
total weight of aluminum used on Burj Khalifa is equivalent to that
of five A380 aircraft, and the total length of stainless steel ‘bull nose’
fins is 293 times the height of the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
©Emaar Properties PJSC

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FactsaboutBurjKhalifa
Location:.......................... Downtown Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Architect:.......................... Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM)
Building type: ............... Supertall skyscraper
Materials:......................... Reflective glazing, aluminum
and textured stainless steel
Construction:................ Reinforced concrete and steel
Date: ................................... From 2004 to 2010
Floor area: ....................... 5.67 million sq. ft. (464,511 m2)
Height:............................... 2,716.5 ft. (828 m)
Stories:.............................. 160+ stories

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©EmaarPropertiesPJSC

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BurjKhalifa
Décrite à la fois comme une « ville à la verticale » et une « merveille
vivante », la tour Burj Khalifa, située au cœur du quartier commerçant
de Dubaï, est également la plus haute du monde.
Construite par Emaar Properties PJSC, une société immobilière basée
à Dubaï, cette tour, qui combine majestueusement art, ingénierie et
savoir-faire de grande qualité, s’élève gracieusement au cœur du
désert et fait honneur à la ville.
Culminant à 828 mètres, soit l’équivalent d’un bâtiment de 200 étages,
la Burj Khalifa compte 160 étages habitables, soit le plus grand nombre
parmi tous les gratte-ciel du monde. La tour a été inaugurée le 4 janvier
2010, date du 4eanniversaire de prise de fonction de Son Altesse Sheikh
Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, vice-président et premier ministre
des Émirats arabes unis et gouverneur de Dubaï.
La tour Burj Khalifa, que l’on pourrait qualifier de projet de construction
le plus intéressant du monde, a donné lieu à un grand nombre de
premières. La tour est devenue la plus haute structure au monde
réalisée par l’homme, seulement 1 325 jours après le début des travaux
de terrassement, en janvier 2004.