Ludlum Measurements 2241-2 User manual

LUDLUM MODEL 2241-2
SURVEY METER
August 2012
Serial Number 237627 and Succeeding
Serial Numbers

LUDLUM MODEL 2241-2
SURVEY METER
August 2012
Serial Number 237627 and Succeeding
Serial Numbers
LUDLUM MEASUREMENTS, INC.
501 OAK STREET, P.O. BOX 810
SWEETWATER, TEXAS 79556
325-235-5494, FAX: [phone]

Ludlum Measurements, Inc. August 2012
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Getting Started 2
Unpacking and Repacking 2-1
Battery Installation 2-1
Operational Check 2-2
Specifications 3
Instrument 3-1
Removable Switchboard Adjustable Parameters 3-2
Identification of Controls and Functions 4
Display 4-1
Display Status Definitions 4-1
Front-Panel Controls 4-2
Front-Panel Calibration Controls 4-3
Main Board Controls 4-4
Switch Board Controls 4-5
Safety Considerations 5
Environmental Conditions for Normal Use 5-1
Detector Connector 5-1
Warning Markings and Symbols 5-1
Maintenance 6
Recalibration 6-1
Batteries 6-2
Technical Theory of Operation 7
Main Board 7-1
Switch Board 7-3
Display Board 7-3
Instrument Setup 8
Entering or Changing Switch Board Parameters 8-1

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. August 2012
The Function Switch 8-1
Function Switch Position Descriptions and Variables 8-2
Loading Default Parameters 8-6
Calibration 8-7
General Detector Setup Information 8-8
Counts per minute (C/m) Calibration 8-9
R/hr Calibration 8-11
Determining CC and DTC 8-12
Detector Overload (OVL) Calibration 8-19
Software License Agreement 8-21
Recycling 9
Parts List 10
Model 2241-2 Survey Meter 10-1
Main Circuit Board, Drawing 408 × 223 10-1
Calibration Board, Drawing 408 × 127 10-3
Display Board, Drawing 408 × 259 10-4
Switch Board, Drawing 408 × 45 10-5
Chassis Wiring Diagram, Drawing 408 × 131 10-5
Drawings and Diagrams 11

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Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 1-1 August 2012
Introduction
he Model 2241-2 is a portable microprocessor-based digital scaler/
ratemeter designed for use with scintillation, Geiger-Mueller
(GM), and proportional type detectors to measure ionizing
radiation. Data is presented on a four-digit (six digits in the scaler
mode) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with moving decimal point. A three
position switch labeled ˝OFF/RATEMETER/SCALER˝ selects the desired
operating mode for the instrument. A locking toggle switch labeled ˝DET 1
and DET 2˝allows for quick change of operating parameters when changing
out detectors.
Programmable display units (RATEMETER mode only) are represented in
either R/hr, Sv/h, cpm, or cps with multipliers of micro (µ) or milli (m) for
R/hr and Sv/h and kilo (k) for cpm or cps. The display units are auto-
ranging, enabling the readout to display a broad range of radiation levels.
The display also offers lower limit capability. For example, the display can be
set to show only values that are greater than or equal to1 µR/hr.
This instrument incorporates independent adjustable alarms for RATEMETER
and SCALER operating modes. The RATEMETER mode has two alarm
indicators. The first-level alarm is indicated by display of the word ˝ALERT˝
on the LCD. The second-level alarm is indicated by display of the word
˝ALARM˝and by the emitting of a continuous audible tone. The SCALER
alarm condition will also display the word ˝ALARM˝and produce the same
audible tone. Both audible alarms may be silenced (acknowledged) by
depressing the RESET switch. All alarms are concurrent.
Other features include Dead Time Correction (DTC) to compensate for
detector dead time; audible click-per-event with programmable 1, 10, 100,
and 1000 divide-by; LCD backlight with programmable ON time;
programmable fixed or variable response time; and count overflow visual
alarm, indicating that the counting circuitry is nearing the maximum
counting capability.
Section
1
T

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section1
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 1-2 August 2012
All of the features described above may be programmed manually using the
internal switch board or by computer through the RS-232 port. Two
different detector operating parameters may be stored in non-volatile
memory. The switch board can be removed after entering or changing
parameters to prevent tampering with setup parameters.
A regulated high-voltage power supply and two independent set-point
controls adjustable from 400 to 2400 volts with detector overload detection
and adjustable discrimination levels add versatility to the instrument. This
supports operation for a broad range of detectors and connecting cable
lengths. All of the calibration controls are covered to prevent any inadvertent
adjustment to the detector operating parameters.
The instrument is powered by two standard ˝D˝cell batteries. The unit body
is made of cast-and-drawn aluminum with beige powder coating, which aids
in the decontamination of surfaces.

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section2
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 2-1 August 2012
Getting Started
Unpacking and Repacking
Remove the calibration certificates and place them in a secure location.
Remove the instrument, detectors, and accessories (batteries, cable, etc.), and
ensure that all of the items listed on the packing list are in the carton. Check
individual item serial numbers and ensure calibration certificates match. The
Model 2241-2 serial number is located on the front panel below the battery
compartment. Most Ludlum Measurements, Inc. detectors have a label on
the base or body of the detector for model and serial number identification.
Important!
If multiple shipments are received, ensure that the detectors
and instruments are not interchanged. Each instrument is
calibrated to specific detectors, and are therefore, not
interchangeable.
To return an instrument for repair or calibration, provide sufficient packing
material to prevent damage during shipment. Also, provide appropriate
warning labels to ensure careful handling. Include detector(s) and related
cable(s) for calibration. Include brief information as to the reason for return,
as well as return shipping instructions:
- Return shipping address
- Customer name or contact
- Telephone number
- Description of service requested and all other necessary
information
Battery Installation
Ensure the OFF/SCALER/RATEMETER switch is in the OFF position. Open
the battery lid by turning the quarter-turn thumb screw counterclockwise
Section
2

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section2
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 2-2 August 2012
Install two ˝D˝size batteries in the compartment. Note the (+) and (–)
marks inside the battery door. Match the battery polarity to these marks.
Close the battery box lid.
Note:
The center post of a “D” size battery is positive.
Operational Check
Connect a detector to the Model 2241-2 by using the cable provided; firmly
pushing the connectors together while twisting clockwise until the
connector latches (one quarter-turn). The diagram to the left illustrates how
this is done. Next, place the DETECTOR SELECTOR switch in the appropriate
position.
Turn the OFF/SCALER/RATEMETER switch to the RATEMETER position.
Notice that the display goes through an initialization sequence. The display
will show all 8s with decimal points. Check to make sure all segments
display, as illustrated in the diagram to the left.
The LCD then displays the firmware number in the format
“P-XX YY.” The “XX” is the firmware number, and the “YY”
is the firmware version. (The figure to the left is for example only;
to illustrate location of display.)
The minimum displayable value (00.0 µR/hr, for example) should
be shown. When switched to the SCALER position, a single 0 will
be displayed.
The display will auto-range to the current level (see figure at left). When
auto-ranging down, the Model 2241-2 uses multiples of 5. This technique
keeps the decimal point from jumping between numbers when
viewing values around multiples of 10.
Check for a proper background reading:
If using a Ludlum Model 44-9 detector, a typical
reading would be 25-50 cpm or 8-15 µR/hr.
If using a Ludlum Model 44-2 detector, a typical reading
would be 1.4-2.6 kcpm or 8-15 µR/hr.
A reference reading (or readings) with a check source should be obtained
with the detector(s) in a constant and reproducible manner at the time of

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section2
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 2-3 August 2012
calibration or at the time the instrument is received in the field.
If at any time the instrument fails to read within 20% of the reference
reading when using the same check source, it should be sent to a calibration
facility for recalibration and/or repair. If desired, multiple readings may be
taken at different distances and/or with different sources so that other
ranges or scales are checked.
Switch the AUD ON/OFF switch to the ON position and confirm the external
unimorph speaker produces an audible click for each event detected (audio
divide-by 1 parameter). The AUD ON/OFF switch will silence the clicks if in
the OFF position; however, an audible alarm condition will still be heard.
Increase the source activity or lower the alert and alarm points to initiate an
ALERT and ALARM condition. (Refer to Section 8, “Entering or Changing
Switchboard Parameters.”) Depress the RESET switch to acknowledge the
audible alarm. Decrease the radiation activity below the ALERT and ALARM
threshold, and depress the RESET switch to clear the alarm conditions. If an
alarm condition is not present, depressing the RESET switch the first time will
reset the alert condition and zero the ratemeter.
Position a check source to produce a ratemeter reading of 100 to 2000
counts/minute or 10-100 µR/hr. While observing the ratemeter fluctuations,
select between the fast and slow response time (F/S) positions to observe
variations in the display. The Sposition should respond approximately five
times slower than the Fposition (for fixed response mode) and three times
slower when in variable response mode. The slow response position is
normally used when the Model 2241-2 is displaying low numbers, which
require a more stable display. The fast response position is used at high
count levels.
Move the OFF/SCALER/RATEMETER switch to the SCALER position. Depress
the COUNT switch located in the end of the carrying handle in order to
initiate a count cycle. The word “COUNTING” should be flashing on the
LCD during the count cycle and should disappear at the end of the
predetermined count time. If a scaler ALARM condition occurs, the RESET
switch can be depressed to acknowledge the alarm; however, the COUNT
switch must be depressed to clear the visual ALARM and to restart the count
cycle.
Depress and release the LIGHT switch. The backlight located behind the
LCD should illuminate (for pre-programmed ON time). Select the desired
F/S, AUD ON/OFF, and RATEMETER or SCALER parameters and proceed to
use the instrument.

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section3
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 3-1 August 2012
Specifications
Power: two each, ˝D˝cell batteries housed in an externally accessible sealed
compartment. Current draw is approximately 35 mA with the backlight OFF.
Minimum battery voltage is 2.2 ±0.1 Vdc.
Battery Dependence: Meter readings vary by less than 3% from fully
charged batteries until the battery symbol appears, indicating the need for
recharge or replacement.
Battery Life: typically 200 hours with alkaline batteries (display indicates low-
battery condition). Instrument will operate for approximately 24 hours after
the battery symbol first appears.
Warm-up Time: Unit may be used immediately after the LCD initialization
sequence is completed (approximately 5 seconds after power-up).
Linearity: Readings are within 10% of true value with a detector connected.
Display: a four-digit Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with digits 1.3 cm (0.5 in.)
in height. Two additional 0.5 cm (0.2 in.) digits are used for the overflow
counter (SCALER mode) and exponential powers (parameter setup).
Enunciators are provided for display units, ALERT, ALARM, low-battery,
detector OVERLOAD, counting OVERFLOW, and scaler COUNTING.
RATEMETER: Depending upon how the instrument was calibrated, the
RATEMETER can display in either R/hr, Sv/h, cpm, or cps when the control
switch is in the RATEMETER position.
SCALER: activated by pushbutton in handle when the three-position switch
is in the SCALER position. Count time is adjustable.
Section
3
Instrument:

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section3
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 3-2 August 2012
Calibration Controls: accessible from the front of the instrument (protective
cover provided). These controls are preset at the factory or calibration lab
and should not be adjusted by field personnel.
Discriminator / Input Sensitivity: adjustable from 2 to 100 mV;
negative pulse response
Overload: indicated by OVERLOAD on the display; adjustable
depending on the detector selected
High Voltage: two independent controls, each adjustable from 400-
2400 volts. Two separate set points for DET1 and DET2 are
regulated within 0.2% at 1000 Vdc, maximum load of 50 µA.
RESET: a pushbutton for zeroing the display, acknowledging and/or
resetting the alarm
Alert/Alarm: indicated by either an ALERT or ALARM enunciator on the
display (RATEMETER mode only) and by an audible tone
Note:
The RESET button only silences the alarm in the current mode
that the instrument is in. For example, the RESET button will
not affect the scaler alarm if the instrument is in the ratemeter
mode.
Audio: built-in audio speaker (unimorph) with AUD ON/OFF switch; greater
than 60 dB at 2 feet
LIGHT: display backlight activated by pushbutton
Temperature Range: -20 to 50 °C (-4 to 122 °F)
Size: 16.5 x 8.9x 21.6 cm (6.5 x 3.5 x 8.5 in.) (H x W x L)
Weight: 1.6 kg (3.5 lb), including batteries
Backlight ˝ON˝Time: 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 240 seconds for the
backlight to stay on when activated by the pushbutton; factory set at 5
Set Minimum Display: allows lower limit of the auto-ranging display to be
fixed. For example, the display can be set to only show values above or equal
to 1 µR/hr.
RS-232 Data Dump Mode: enables or disables dump mode to the RS-232
port (˝D˝type connector). When enabled, the data will be dumped every two
seconds.
RS-232 Detector Setup Mode: allows for input of detector parameters via
the RS-232 port
Removable
Switchboard
Adjustable
Parameters:

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section3
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 3-3 August 2012
Baud Rate: selects either 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, or 19200 bps
Detector Dead Time Compensation (DTC): adjustable from 0 to 9999
microseconds
Calibration Constant: adjustable from 0.001 to 280 × 109counts/display
unit
Display Units: can display in R/hr, Sv/h, cpm, or cps.
Display Range: auto-ranging from 0.0 µR/hr – 9999 R/hr; 0.000 µSv/h –
9999 Sv/h; 0 cpm – 999k cpm; or 0 cps – 100 kcps.
Time Base: can display in seconds or minutes
Audio Divide: 1, 10, 100, or 1000 events per click
Response Time: variable or fixed ratemeter response (All stated times
correspond to a range of 10% to 90% of the final reading). Factory default is
variable so that the instrument will automatically adjust the response time to
the best setting for the current count rate.
Variable Response: dependent on the number of counts present,
typically 4 to 25 seconds for FAST, and 4 to 60 seconds for SLOW
Fixed Response: The parameter is adjustable from 1 to 25,
resulting in a FAST response from approximately 2 to 50 seconds.
The SLOW response is approximately 10 to 250 seconds. For MDA-
type measurements, the fixed response mode is recommended.
Ratemeter Alert/Alarm: set at any point corresponding to the pre-selected
ratemeter range
Scaler Alarm: adjustable from 1 to 9999 counts
Scaler Count Time: Adjustable from 1 to 9999 seconds.

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section4
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 4-1 August 2012
Identification of Controls and
Functions
Display
The Model 2241-2 utilizes a four-digit liquid crystal display (LCD) with two-
digit overflow (SCALER mode) and moving decimal point. The two
smaller digits located in the lower right corner of the display indicate
counter OVERFLOW when in the scaler counting mode (equivalent to a
six-digit scaler) or exponential power when in the parameter setup
mode. The upper right corner of the LCD displays units and
multiplier(s) - R/hr, mR/hr, or µR/hr; Sv/h, mSv/h, or µSv/h; C/m,
kC/m, C/s, or kC/s. The bottom part of the readout displays the
ALARM, ALERT, OFLOW, OVERLOAD annunciators and the low-battery icon.
COUNTING indicates that the scaler mode has been initiated and is in the
counting process.
Display Status Definitions
ALARM: Ratemeter or scaler count has increased above the preset alarm
threshold. An audible continuous tone will accompany the ˝latching˝ALARM
condition. Depressing RESET will acknowledge the audible ratemeter and/or
scaler alarm. Depressing RESET a second time will reset the ratemeter
reading and ratemeter alarm. To reset the scaler ALARM, depress the COUNT
switch located in the carrying handle to re-initiate the scaler count cycle.
ALERT: Ratemeter count has increased above the preset alert threshold. To
reset an ALERT condition, press RESET once if in the non-alarm condition
and twice if in an alarm condition. (The first depression in the alarm
condition acknowledges the audible alarm.) The ratemeter will reset to the
minimum displayable reading each time the alert is reset.
OFLOW (Overflow): In RATEMETER mode, this indicates that the incoming
count exceeds the capability to display stable or reliable readings
corresponding to the radiation level being measured. The overflow symbol
will appear when the ratemeter exceeds 100 kcps or if the dead time
correction is greater than 75%. OFLOW will appear in the SCALER
Section
4

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section4
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 4-2 August 2012
mode when the six-digit display (four digits display and two overflow digits
in right corner) reaches 999999 and starts to roll over again.
OVERLOAD: indicates that the detector is being exposed to radiation
intensities greater than the detector maximum operating limit. For alpha
and/or beta type scintillation detectors, an OVERLOAD may indicate that the
detector face has been punctured allowing external light to saturate the
photomultiplier tube inside the detector. The overload alarm point is set by
adjusting the OVL control located underneath the calibration cover.
Low-battery icon:indicates that the batteries have decreased to the
minimum operating voltage of 2.2 ±0.1 Vdc. Instrument will continue to
operate for approximately 24 hours thereafter.
COUNTING:Indicates that the scaler COUNT switch has been depressed and
that the scaler is accumulating counts for the pre-determined count time.
Front-Panel Controls
DET1/DET2 (Detector Select) Switch: a protected (locking) toggle switch
used to select between DET1 and DET2 parameters. The switch can be
pulled up and then over to the desired selection.
OFF/RATEMETER/SCALER Switch: a three-position rotary switch that
applies power to the instrument and selects RATEMETER or SCALER
counting mode
AUD ON/OFF Switch: The clicks-per-event audio may be silenced or
enabled via this front-panel toggle switch. The audible alarm is independent
of the AUD ON/OFF switch and will override the audible clicks-per-event.
An audible alarm can only be silenced by depressing the RESET button.
F/S (Fast/Slow) Response Switch:a two-position toggle switch that selects
fast or slow counting response time

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section4
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 4-3 August 2012
Variable Response:The Fposition allows the time constant (TC) to vary
from 1 to 10 seconds, while the Sposition varies from 1 to 30 seconds. The
response time is automatically adjusted in proportion to the incoming count
rate between the F/STC variables.
Fixed Response:The Fposition corresponds to the selected fixed response
time - TC. The Sposition is five times slower than the selected fast TC.
LIGHT (LCD Backlight):A pushbutton switch, when depressed, illuminates
the LCD for a pre-programmed time. The backlight ON time can be
selected between 5 and 240 seconds during the parameter setup.
RESET Pushbutton Switch:In the non-alarm condition, depressing the
RESET switch resets the ratemeter display to the minimum display readout.
In an alarm condition (ratemeter or scaler), depressing RESET will silence the
audible alarm. Depressing RESET a second time will reset the ratemeter
alarm and/or alert condition.
Note:
The RESET button only silences the alarm in the current mode
that the instrument is in. For example, the RESET button will
not affect the scaler alarm if the instrument is in the ratemeter
mode.
Scaler COUNT Switch:pushbutton switch located in the end of the Model
2241-2 carrying handle, which when depressed, initializes the start of the
scaler count accumulation for the preset scaling time. The
SCALER/RATEMETER switch must be in the SCALER position to initiate the
counting cycle. The scaler display uses the two digits in the lower right hand
corner for the two most significant digits of the six-digit readout. Scaling
time can be set from 1 to 9999 seconds in the parameter setup by way of the
switch board. Depressing the COUNT switch after a scaler ALARM will reset
the scaler display to 0, resetting the alarm condition.
Front Panel Calibration Controls
Note:
Remove the front-panel calibration cover to expose the
following calibration controls:

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section4
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 4-4 August 2012
DISC 1 and DISC 2 (Discriminator 1 and 2): Two independent multi-turn
potentiometers (approximately 20 revolutions) are used to vary the detector
pulse-counting threshold from 2 to 100 millivolts for DET1 and DET2
respectively. A Ludlum Model 500 Pulser or equivalent should be used in
checking or adjusting the pulse discrimination parameter.
Note:
When making adjustments to the HV potentiometers, make
note of the following precautions: Use a Ludlum Model 500
Pulser or high-impedance voltmeter with a high-voltage probe
to measure the high voltage at the detector connector. If a
Ludlum Model 500 Pulser is not available, ensure that the
impedance of voltmeter used is 1000 megohms or greater.
HV1, HV2:multi-turn potentiometers (approximately 20 revolutions) that
vary the detector voltage from 200 to 2500 volts. The maximum high
voltage output is adjusted by the HV LIMIT potentiometer located on the
internal main board.
OVL (Detector Overload): a multi-turn potentiometer (approximately 20
revolutions) adjusts the detector current level that must be exceeded to
initiate an OVERLOAD alarm. This control adjusts the current level
discrimination point from 0.5 and 40 microamperes, corresponding to the
specific detector saturation point.
Main Board Controls
Note:
To access the internal circuit boards, unlatch the latches at each
end of the Model 2241-2. Carefully separate the top chassis
from the bottom cover (referred to as a "can"). The can has the
audio speaker (unimorph) with a two-conductor cable attached
to the main board. The audio plug may be disconnected during
the internal control adjustments.

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section4
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 4-5 August 2012
HV LIMIT (R027): A multi-turn potentiometer (approximately 20
revolutions) sets the maximum HV limit with the front panel HV control
adjusted to the maximum clockwise position. It is adjustable from 1250 to
2400 Vdc.
VOLUME (R002): A multi-turn potentiometer (approximately 20
revolutions) varies the audible click-per-event and alarm audio. Adjust the
control to the maximum clockwise position for maximum volume. If the
VOLUME control is adjusted to the maximum counterclockwise position, the
clicks-per-event or the audible alarm(s) will not be audible when active.
Switch Board Controls
The switch board utilizes a 16-position rotary switch (FUNCTION) to select
the 16 setup parameters. (Refer to schematics and component layout
drawing near the end of the manual.) All of the setup parameters are stored
in the non-volatile EEPROM, which will retain data even after the Model
2241-2 batteries are removed. After the parameters are entered, the switch
board can be removed and the Model 2241-2 will continue to operate from
the previously programmed information. Changing parameters and
information on switchboard controls are covered in detail in Section 8 of
this manual.

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section5
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 5-1 August 2012
Safety Considerations
Environmental Conditions for Normal Use
Indoor or outdoor use
No maximum altitude
Temperature range of -20 to 50 °C (-4 to 122 °F)
Maximum relative humidity of less than 95% (non-condensing)
Pollution Degree 3 (as defined by IEC 664) (Occurs when conductive
pollution or dry nonconductive pollution becomes conductive due to
condensation. This is typical of industrial or construction sites.)
Detector Connector
Caution:
The detector operating voltage (HV) is supplied to the detector
by way of the input connector. A mild electric shock may occur
if contact is made with the center pin of the input connector.
Switch the Model 2241-2 to the OFF position before connecting
or disconnecting the cable or detector.
Warning Markings and Symbols
Caution!
The operator or responsible body is cautioned that the
protection provided by the equipment may be impaired if the
equipment is used in a manner not specified by Ludlum
Measurements, Inc.
Section
5

Model 2241-2 Technical Manual Section5
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 5-2 August 2012
The Model 2241-2 Survey Meter is marked with
the following symbols:
CAUTION, RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK (per ISO 3864, No. B.3.6):
designates a terminal (connector) that allows connection to a voltage
exceeding 1 kV. Contact with the subject connector while the instrument is
on or shortly after turning off may result in electric shock. This symbol
appears on the front panel.
CAUTION (per ISO 3864, No. B.3.1): designates hazardous live voltage
and risk of electric shock. During normal use, internal components are
hazardous live. This instrument must be isolated or disconnected from the
hazardous live voltage before accessing the internal components. This
symbol appears on the front panel. Note the following precautions:
Warning!
The operator is strongly cautioned to take the following
precautions to avoid contact with internal hazardous live parts
that are accessible using a tool:
1. Turn the instrument power OFF and remove the batteries.
2. Allow the instrument to sit for one minute before accessing
any internal components.
The “crossed-out wheelie bin” symbol notifies the consumer that the
product is not to be mixed with unsorted municipal waste when discarding.
Each material must be separated. The symbol is placed on the battery
compartment. See Section 9, “Recycling,” for further information.