Lumistar LS-25-D Instructions for use

LS-25-D and LS-25 - Version 2
Hardware User’s Manual
Multi-band RF Downconverter and AM/FM Receiver
Lumistar, Inc.
5870 El Camino Real
Carlsbad, California 92008
[phone]
www.lumi-star.com
Document: U025V203
Author: B. Graber
Date: 12/18/2007
Release: Rev-2

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©2007, 2008 Lumistar, Inc. All rights reserved.
Lumistar, Inc.
5870 El Camino Real
Carlsbad, CA 92008
[phone]
[phone] Fax
www.lumi-star.com

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 MANUAL FORMAT AND CONVENTIONS................................................................................... 6
2 THEORY OF OPERATION .................................................................................................... 11
2.1 1ST DOWNCONVERSION ...................................................................................................... 11
2.2 1ST LOCAL OSCILLATOR...................................................................................................... 11
2.3 2ND DOWNCONVERSION...................................................................................................... 11
2.4 2ND LOCAL OSCILLATOR ..................................................................................................... 12
2.5 2ND IF FILTER..................................................................................................................... 12
2.6 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER/AM DEMODULATION .................................................................... 12
2.7 FM DEMODULATION (LS-25 RECEIVER VERSIONS ONLY)................................................... 12
2.8 POST DETECTION (VIDEO)FILTER (LS-25 RECEIVER VERSIONS ONLY) .............................. 12
3 INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION.............................................................................. 13
3.1 PRODUCT OUTLINE DIAGRAMS ........................................................................................... 13
3.2 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................. 13
3.3 PHYSICAL INSTALLATION .................................................................................................... 16
3.4 INTERCONNECTION ............................................................................................................ 17
4 OPERATION OF THE LS-25-D AND LS-25 WITH THE LDPS SOFTWARE........................ 21
4.1 CONFIGURING THE LS-25-D/LS-25 HARDWARE ................................................................. 22
4.1.1 Tuner Frequency...................................................................................................... 23
4.1.2 IF Bandwidth ............................................................................................................ 24
4.1.3 Video Filter Bandwidth............................................................................................. 25
4.1.4 Demodulation Control .............................................................................................. 25
4.1.5 Output Gain Controls ............................................................................................... 26
4.1.6 AM Controls ............................................................................................................. 27
4.1.7 RSSI/AGC Controls ................................................................................................. 28
4.1.8 Deviation Display Modes ......................................................................................... 29
5 PROGRAMMING ................................................................................................................... 30
5.1 BUS INTERFACES............................................................................................................... 30
5.1.1 PCI Bus Interfaces ................................................................................................... 30
5.1.2 ISA Bus Interfaces ................................................................................................... 31
5.2 COMMAND AND STATUS REGISTERS ................................................................................... 31
5.2.1 General Communications Interaction ...................................................................... 33
5.2.2 Hardware Identification ............................................................................................ 33
5.2.3 LED Control ............................................................................................................. 34
5.2.4 Configuration Data ................................................................................................... 36
5.2.5 Receiver RF Tuning ................................................................................................. 38
5.2.6 IF Filter Selection ..................................................................................................... 39
5.2.7 Video (Post Detect) Filter Selection......................................................................... 39
5.2.8 Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)............................................................ 40
5.2.9 FM Deviation Status (LS-25 ONLY)......................................................................... 40
5.2.10 FM Demodulation Input Selection (LS-25 ONLY).................................................... 41
5.2.11 FM Demodulation Data Polarity Selection (LS-25 ONLY)....................................... 42
5.2.12 TLM2 Output Coupling Selection (LS-25 ONLY)..................................................... 42
5.2.13 TLM Output Gain Controls (LS-25 ONLY) ............................................................... 43
5.2.14 AM Index/Depth Status ............................................................................................ 44
5.2.15 AM Output Low-pass Filter Selection ...................................................................... 44

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5.2.16 AM Frequency Counter............................................................................................ 45
5.2.17 AM Output Gain Controls......................................................................................... 46
5.2.18 AGC Time Constant Selection................................................................................. 48
5.2.19 Accessory Control Selection.................................................................................... 48
5.2.20 Auto-store Status ..................................................................................................... 49
5.2.21 Auxiliary Input Status ............................................................................................... 50

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List of Tables
Table 1-1 Specifications for the LS-25-D/LS-25 Series Multi-band Receivers ............................. 9
Table 5-1 Receiver Command and Status Register Table.......................................................... 32
Table 5-2 Configuration PROM Contents.................................................................................... 36
Table 5-3 Auto-store Parameters ................................................................................................ 49
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 LS-25-D/LS-25 Model Number Construction Details ................................................... 8
Figure 1-2 Block Diagram of the LS-25-D/LS-25 Series Multi-band Receivers .......................... 10
Figure 3-1 LS-25/LS-25-D PCI Outline Drawing ......................................................................... 14
Figure 3-2 LS-25/LS-25-D ISA Outline Drawing.......................................................................... 15
Figure 3-3 Receiver Configuration Switches ............................................................................... 16
Figure 3-4 J2/J5 Pin-out and Interface Connections ................................................................... 18
Figure 3-5 J3 Pin-out and Interface Connections........................................................................ 19
Figure 3-6 LS-25 / LS-25-D Pigtail connectors............................................................................ 20
Figure 4-1 LDPS Setup Display for the LS-25-D/LS-25 .............................................................. 21
Figure 4-2 LDPS Server Application Windows............................................................................ 22
Figure 4-3 LDPS Configuration Menus/Controls for the LS-25-D/LS-25..................................... 22
Figure 4-4 The LS-25-D/LS-25 Configuration Menu .................................................................. 23
Figure 4-5 Tuning Frequency Display ......................................................................................... 24
Figure 4-6 2nd IF Bandwidth (MHz).............................................................................................. 24
Figure 4-7 Video Filter Bandwidth (MHz) .................................................................................... 25
Figure 4-8 Demodulation Controls............................................................................................... 25
Figure 4-9 Demodulation Controls & Resulting Displays ............................................................ 26
Figure 4-10 Output Gain Controls & Resulting Display ................................................................ 27
Figure 4-11 AM Controls ............................................................................................................... 27
Figure 4-12 RSSI/AGC Controls & Resulting Display ................................................................... 28
Figure 4-13 Deviation Display Modes ........................................................................................... 29
Figure 4-14 Additional Deviation Displays..................................................................................... 29
Figure 5-1 Receiver BUSY Flag Indication.................................................................................. 33
Figure 5-2 Board Identification .................................................................................................... 33
Figure 5-3 LED Control and Status .............................................................................................34
Figure 5-4 Configuration PROM Control and Status................................................................... 37
Figure 5-5 Receiver Tuning ......................................................................................................... 38
Figure 5-6 IF Filter Selection ....................................................................................................... 39
Figure 5-7 Video (Post Detect) Filter Selection ........................................................................... 40
Figure 5-8 FM Demodulation Input Selection.............................................................................. 41
Figure 5-9 FM Demodulator Data Polarity Selection................................................................... 42
Figure 5-10 TLM2 PCM Output Coupling Selection ...................................................................... 42
Figure 5-11 TLM Output Gain Controls ......................................................................................... 43
Figure 5-12 AM Low-pass Output Filter Command/Status ........................................................... 44
Figure 5-13 AM Frequency Counter Registers.............................................................................. 45
Figure 5-14 AM Output Gain Control............................................................................................. 47
Figure 5-15 AGC Time Constant Selection ................................................................................... 48
Figure 5-16 Accessory Output Selection....................................................................................... 49
Figure 5-17 Auto-Store Function Status Flag................................................................................ 50
Figure 5-18 Auxiliary Input Status Flag .........................................................................................50

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1 Introduction
1.1 General
This document is the Hardware User’s Manual for the Version 2 Lumistar LS-25-D Multi-band RF
Downconverter and the LS-25 Multi-band FM Receiver. These products represent Lumistar’s 2nd
generation of RF receiver designs that have replaced the original LS-25 receiver series. Figure
1-1 on page 8 contains detailed model number construction. This document applies to all model
combinations indicated by this figure. The original product line is described in User Manual
U250401. Consult the factory for a copy of this document.
The intent of this document is to provide physical, functional, and operational information for the
end user including hardware configuration, interconnection and software interfaces for the device.
Both receivers implement a switching dual/single-superhetrodyne receiver design. The designs
provide for the Downconversion for up to three RF bands, providing two 70MHz second
intermediate frequency (IF) outputs as well as AM demodulation of the input signal. The product
may be configured with up to 12 IF bandwidth filters. In addition to the functions of the LS-25-D,
the LS-25 provides an additional FM demodulation stage and up to12 selectable video filters
applied to the demodulated PCM signal.
Table 1-1 on page 9 provides specifications for electrical, mechanical, and operational
characteristics of the LS-25-D and LS-25 receiver product line. A block diagram of the receiver is
shown in Figure 1-2 on page 10.
1.2 Manual Format and Conventions
This manual contains the following sections:
Chapter 1 provides a brief product overview and technical specifications
Chapter 2 provides receiver theory of operation
Chapter 3 provides installation and configuration instructions
Chapter 4 provides info on the LS-25/25-D LDPS software application
Chapter 5 provides programming information
Throughout this document, several document flags will be utilized to emphasis warnings or other
important data. These flags come in three different formats: Warnings, Cautions, and
Information. Examples of these flags appear below.

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LS-25-
P =
I =
PCI Form Factor
ISA Form Factor
A =
B =
4 IF & 4 Video Filters
12 IF & 12 Video Filters
3rd RF Band Installed
(See Table Below) =
Blank = Band Not Installed
P = P-Band (215 -320MHz)
V = 420 - 480 MHz
L = Lower L-Band (1435-1540MHz)
U = Upper L-Band (1710-1850MHz)
S = S-Band (2200-2400MHz)
E = NATO E-Band (2185-2485MHz)
K = Custom RF Band (consult factory)
2nd RF Band Installed
(See Table Below) =
1st RF Band Installed
(See Table Below) =
Installed RF Band Table
D = Downconverter only
Figure 1-1 LS-25-D/LS-25 Model Number Construction Details1
1Note: in the ISA configuration, only 4 IF filters and one band are available.

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Category: Specifications: Details:
Mechanical
Envelope Dimensions 12.35”(L) x 4.01”(W) x 0.62” (H) - PCI
13.37”(L) x 3.90”(W) x 0.62” (H) - ISA
Form Factor Full-length PCI or Full-length ISA
Weight ~ 24oz.
Electrical
Individual power requirements +5VDC @ 325mA
+12VDC @ 530mA
-12VDC @ 215mA
Total Power < 10.6 Watts
Performance
RF Tuner RF Input Bands 2185.5 - 2485.5 MHz (NATO E-Band)
2200.5 - 2399.5 MHz (S-Band)
1710.5 - 1849.5 MHz (Upper L-Band)
1435.5 - 1539.5 MHz (Lower L-Band)
215.5 - 319.5 MHz (P-Band)
Custom (Consult Factory)
Tuner Resolution 50kHz
Frequency Accuracy 0.002% (Max.) 0.001% (Typical)
RF Input AGC Range -20dBm to –90dBm
Input Level without Damage +18dBm
Receiver Input P1dB -10dBm (typical)
Receiver Noise Figure 5dB (typical) / 8dB (maximum)
70MHz Phase Noise @ 100kHz Less than -102dBc, -110dBc (typical)
Receiver OIP3> +15dBm (typical)
70MHz Output Level -20dBm (+/- 1dBm)
2nd IF 3dB Bandwidths Available
500kHz, 1MHz, 1.5MHz, 2.5MHz, 3.5MHz,
4MHz, 6MHz, 8MHz, 10MHz, 12MHz, 16MHz,
20MHz
(Others Available - 2MHz, 3MHz, 4.5MHz, 5MHz, 7MHz,
9MHz, 14MHz, 18MHz, 22MHz, 24MHz, 26MHz, 28MHz,
30MHz, 36MHz Consult factory)
Demodulation Types LS-25-D AM Only; LS-25 AM/FM
AM Frequency Response 50kHz (AM Low-pass Bypass Mode)
AM 6dB Low-pass Filters 50 Hz, 500 Hz, 5000 Hz, Bypass
FM Deviation Range 75kHz -13MHz peak
Video Filter 1dB Bandwidths 250kHz, 500kHz, 750kHz, 1.25MHz, 1.75MHz,
2MHz, 3MHz, 4MHz, 5MHz, 6MHz, 8MHz,
10MHz (Custom - Consult Factory)
Connectors
20MHz Reference Input/Output SMB Male (J1)
RF Signal Input SMA Female (J2)
Accessory I/O Connector Molex 14-pin Connector (J3)
Hybrid D-Style Connector Mixed Discrete and Coax Connections (J5)
Environmental
Temperature, Operational 0°to 70°C (Commercial)
Temperature, Storage -20° to 70°C
Humidity, non-condensing
<40°C 0-90%, >40°C 0-75%
Table 1-1 Specifications for the LS-25-D/LS-25 Series Multi-band Receivers

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Figure 1-2 Block Diagram of the LS-25-D/LS-25 Series Multi-band Receivers

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2 Theory of Operation
In order to more clearly understand the operation of the receivers, this section will detail the
various sections of the receiver. The designs include nine primary stages:
-1
st Downconversion / 1st IF Band-pass Filter
-1
st Local Oscillator
-2
nd Downconversion
-2
nd Local Oscillator
-2
nd IF Filter
-Logarithmic Amplifier/AM Demodulation
-FM Demodulation
-Post Detect (Video) Filter
Each of these sections are physically shielded and isolated from one another to facilitate the
greatest EMI/RFI ingress and egress protection allowing the receiver exceptional performance.
For the following sections, refer to the block diagram of Figure 1-2 on page 10.
2.1 1st Downconversion
The RF input is applied to the 1st Downconversion stage. This stage contains a low-noise
amplifier (LNA) to provide a large amount of gain enhancing the receiver’s overall sensitivity.
Selectable RF band-pass filters follow the LNA. The RF signal is then mixed with the first local
oscillator (LO) which coverts it to a lower frequency, referred to as the 1st IF frequency. Finally,
the signal is applied to a 45MHz band-pass filter to limit the overall noise bandwidth applied to the
remaining receiver sections.
2.2 1st Local Oscillator
In a superhetrodyne design, local oscillators (LOs) are utilized to convert high frequencies to
lower, “intermediate” frequencies. The first LO is injected into the mixer of the first
Downconversion stage to accomplish this task. Mixers can either utilize a sum or difference
frequency component to produce IF frequencies. For example, if an RF frequency of 2,200 MHz
was to be converted to an intermediate frequency of 250MHz, a difference component of
1,950MHz could injected to the mixer or a sum frequency component of 2,450MHz could be
applied. The difference component LO application is referred to a “low-side” conversion. The
sum component application is referred to as “high-side” conversion. Both methods are equally
valid and each has its own benefits. The LS-25-D and LS-25 designs utilize low-side conversion
to prevent spectral inversions.
2.3 2nd Downconversion
The receiver designs contain a switchable 2nd Downconversion stage. Similar to the 1st
Downconversion stage, it contains a mixer to convert the 1st IF frequency to a second IF
frequency of 70MHz. If the RF frequency band is relatively low, as is the case for P-Band inputs,
the on-board processor can bypass the 2nd Downconversion stage switching to a single
superhetrodyne process. In either case, a low-pass filter is applied to the signal path at the output
of this stage to reduce harmonics and low frequency noise from being applied to subsequent
stages.

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2.4 2nd Local Oscillator
The second LO is injected into the mixer of the 2nd Downconversion stage to provide the second
IF frequency of 70MHz. Like the first conversion stage, the second LO utilizes low-side injection
for this conversion. A low-pass filter is applied to the LO output to minimize spurious and
harmonic signals from being converted in the 2nd Downconversion stage. The 2nd LO is
automatically disabled for RF bands that employ a single super heterodyne process.
2.5 2nd IF Filter
From the output of the 2nd conversion stage, the resulting intermediate frequency is then applied
to a group of bandpass filters. The 2nd IF stage contains 4 or 12 IF (SAW) filters centered at
70MHz and varying in bandwidth from 500kHz to 36MHz.
2.6 Logarithmic Amplifier/AM Demodulation
Outputs from the 2nd IF Filter Stage are routed to the final gain stage in the receiver. A
Logarithmic Amplifier acts as the main system gain element providing from 70 to 100dB of signal
gain. In addition this stage provides received signal strength detection and AM demodulation.
2.7 FM Demodulation (LS-25 Receiver Versions ONLY)
The LS-25 versions of the receiver contain a dual FM discriminator design. Two discriminators
are utilized to optimize the resulting baseband production based on signal deviation levels. A
narrow deviation signal discriminator is utilized for signals that have peak deviations of less than
1MHz. A separate discrimination stage is utilized for signals with peak deviations greater than
1MHz. Following each discrimination stage, a low-pass filter is utilized to minimize baseband
noise and IF frequency bleed-through. Selection of the discriminator stages is performed
automatically based on the user programming selections.
2.8 Post Detection (Video) Filter (LS-25 Receiver Versions ONLY)
The LS-25 versions of the receiver contains twelve video filters to further filter the baseband PCM
signal, reducing the noise bandwidth of the output signal. Default video filters are roughly half the
bandwidth of the IF filters but can be varied for specific applications. Consult the factory for
custom video filter bandwidths.

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3 Installation and Configuration
Chapter 3 provides installation and configuration information. This chapter will locate serial
numbers and product configuration information, familiarize the user with the layout of the board,
and provide information on the proper installation and interconnection of the hardware.
3.1 Product Outline Diagrams
Figure 3-1 on page 14 contains an outline diagram of the top and bottom sides of the PCI
versions of the product. Figure 3-2 on page 15 contains an outline diagram of the top and bottom
sides of the ISA version of the product. Connector locations and switch positions are indicated.
The model number, serial number, revision information and product options are denoted on the
upper edge of the RF enclosure as indicated in the two figures.
3.2 Hardware Configuration
The receiver design contains configuration switches to control various functions, and in the case
of the ISA format, to provide addressing of the board. Figure 3-3 on page 16 contains a diagram
of the configuration switches along with the default factory positions for these switches.

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Figure 3-1 LS-25/LS-25-D PCI Outline Drawing

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SW4
J2
J4
SW1
SW3J3
J5
Product Identification, Serial No., Option Information
DSP
(U45)
Heat
Sink
J1 U7
17C256
TCXO
Set
Screw
SW2
ID0ID1ID2ID3
Status LEDs
Figure 3-2 LS-25/LS-25-D ISA Outline Drawing

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Figure 3-3 Receiver Configuration Switches
3.3 Physical Installation
To install the receiver in the target computer system, the following procedure should be followed:
1. Perform a normal system shutdown of the PC system and remove the primary power
plug.
2. Install the receiver in an unobstructed full-length PC slot ensuring that the receiver is
properly seated in the interface bus socket. PCs vary in their mechanical configurations
so it may be necessary to remove additional PC hardware to properly install the receiver.
For PCI installations, it may be necessary to remove the blue ISA extension bracket at
the rear of the PCI card, depending on the mechanical configuration of your particular
platform.

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3. Install a screw in the mounting panel to secure the unit. If the unit is installed in a
portable or rack mount PC, it may also be necessary to secure the rear of the board to
the chassis of the PC via standard self-locking cable ties. Some platforms also have a
vertical hold down which can be adjusted to provide additional mechanical stability.
3.4 Interconnection
The receiver platforms provide four interface connectors. For the typical application, only the J2
and J5 connectors are required. For use in a diversity combiner circuit, or for use with a high-
stability external reference source, J1 is provided. The J3 connector provides special auxiliary
interfaces and is typically unused. Receivers are shipped without the J3 connector installed
unless requested by the customer. Figure 3-4 on page 18 provides interface pin-outs and mating
connector information for the J2 and J5 connectors. Figure 3-5 on page 19 provides interface pin-
outs and mating connector information for the J3 connector.
The LS-25 and LS-25-D products are shipped with a mating pigtail cable to interface with the J5
connector. Figure 3-6 on page 20 illustrates these cable configurations.

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Figure 3-4 J2/J5 Pin-out and Interface Connections

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Figure 3-5 J3 Pin-out and Interface Connections

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Figure 3-6 LS-25 / LS-25-D Pigtail connectors