MessKonzept FTC300 User manual

FTC300
Gas analysis using thermal
conductivity measurement
Operating Manual

Page 1 of 58
About this manual
Thank you for using the Messkonzept FTC300. It has been designed and manufactured using high-
est quality standards to give you trouble free and accurate measurements.
© Copyright Messkonzept GmbH 2020.
This document is protected by copyright. Neither the whole nor any part of it or the information
contained in it may be adapted or reproduced in any form except with the prior written approval of
Messkonzept.
All information of technical nature and particulars of the product and its use (including the information
in this manual) are given by Messkonzept in good faith. However, it is acknowledged that there may
be errors or omissions in this manual. Images and drawings may not be in scale. For the latest
revisions to this manual contact Messkonzept or visit www.messkonzept.de
Messkonzept welcomes comments and suggestions relating to the product and this manual.
Please Note! The design of this instrument is subject to continuous development and improvement.
Consequently, this instrument may incorporate minor changes in detail from information contained in
this manual.
Important! In correspondence concerning this instrument, please specify the type number and se-
rial number as given on the type label on the right side of the instrument.
All correspondence should be addressed to:
Messkonzept GmbH
Niedwiesenstr. 33
60431 Frankfurt
Germany
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
email: [e-mail]
http: www.messkonzept.de
This manual applies to: FTC300
Date of Release: October 9, 2020
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Quick Installation Guide
For quick installation of the FTC300 we recommend to read the following chapters of this manual:
• Chapter 1 "Operator Safety": Important warnings, saftey instructions and intended use.
• Chapter 3 "Assembly of the Instrument": Mounting, pneumatic and electric connection. Also
see Chapter 12 "Appendix: Dimensional Drawing"
• Chapter 6 "Calibration": Recommended calibration intervals, the calibration process and rec-
ommended test of functionallity after bringing into service.
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Contents
1 Operator Safety 5
1.1 Notes on Safety Conventions and Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 Warning Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3 Safety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4 Intended Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Principle of Measurement 9
2.1 Determining Concentrations via Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3 Assembly of the Instrument 13
3.1 FTC300 Detector Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2 Installation of the FTC300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3 GasPorts ......................................... 14
3.4 Electrical Connectors and Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.4.1 Requirements for Electrical Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.4.2 Ground....................................... 17
3.4.3 Data exchange via serial interface (RS-232) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4 The Front Panel 19
4.1 Display........................................... 19
4.2 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.3 Keys ............................................ 20
5 Switching on the device 21
5.1 Warm up Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.2 Operation Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.3 Top Level Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6 Calibration 23
6.1 General Information on Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.1.1 Calibration gas purities and flooding time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.2 Set Offset Gas Concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.3 Set Gain Gas Concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.4 Offset Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.5 Gain Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.5.1 Use of Substitute Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7 Diagnosis 27
7.1 Parameter Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7.2 Errors ........................................... 28
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8 Setup 29
8.1 The Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.2 Instrument Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.2.1 Display Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.2.2 Measuring Gas Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.2.3 Response Time Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
8.2.4 Multi Gas Mode List (only with MGM-option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8.3 RelaySetup ........................................ 33
8.3.1 Relay 1 Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.3.2 Relay 1 Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8.3.3 Relay 1 Hysteresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8.3.4 Relay 1 failsafe / Not failsafe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
8.3.5 Relay 1 active/frozen during calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
8.3.6 Relay2....................................... 37
8.3.7 Common Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
8.4 Analog Output Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8.4.1 Current Loop modes and adjustment of the measuring range . . . . . . . . . 39
8.4.2 Analog Output 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
8.4.3 Analog Output 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
8.4.4 Current loop calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
8.5 Expert Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.5.1 Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.5.2 Access Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.5.3 Reset Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.5.4 Test of Relays, Analog Outputs and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9 Appendix: System Errors 47
10 Appendix: Specifications 50
10.1 Specification of Thermal Conductivity Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
10.2 Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
10.3 Permissible Conditions of the sample to be measured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
10.4 Environmental conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
10.5 Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
11 Appendix: Menu Tree of the FTC300 53
12 Appendix: Dimensional Drawing 57
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Chapter 1
Operator Safety
This chapter provides information and warnings which must be followed to ensure safe operation and
retain the instrument in safe condition. Read this section carefully before beginning to install and use
the instrument.
1.1 Notes on Safety Conventions and Icons
This icon draws attention to application errors or actions that can lead to safety risks
including the injury to persons or malfunctions, possibly even destruction of the device.
This icon indicates an additional function or hint.
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1.2 Warning Notices
• The manufacturer does not assume liability for inappropriate handling of the device. Malfunc-
tions caused by inappropriate handling may lead to hazards.
• This device is not suited for the operation in areas exposed to explosion hazards!
• Never lead explosive gases or gas mixtures into the device!
• Dependent on the model the device flammable gases may be led in the device. Check item
„Glass ball filling“ in the device protocol. Flammable gases may be led in devices filled with
glass balls. Here, the inside space of the housing is densely filled with glass balls (  ∼0.6mm).
In the unlikely case that a leakage caused an explosive atmosphere, the small spaces between
the glass balls prevent a coincidental ignition caused by a further malfunction of the device from
propagating.
• Never open the housing of the FTC300, especially because of the loose glass balls. When the
device had been opened it may not work safely with flammable gases.
• Warranty expires if the housing is opened.
• The unit and the cables must be effectively protected against damage and against UV light
(protective roof for outdoor installation).
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1.3 Safety Instructions
• For safe operation of the device please pay regard to all instructions and warnings in this
manual. Keep this manual for future use.
• Only put the device into operation after it has been installed properly. A competent and autho-
rised person is required for installation, connection and operation of the device. This person
has to read the manual and follow all instructions. Keep this manual to look up questions that
can occur later on.
• Defective devices must be disconnected from the process! This applies for apparent damages
of the device such as physical damages but also in the case of unclarified malfunctions in the
operation. Separate the device from the process pneumatically (both gas inlet and gas outlet)
and remove the power supply from the device.
• Make sure that the electric installation protection against accidental contact agree to the ap-
plicable safety regulations. The protective earth connection must be made before all other
connections. Any interruption in the protective earth can cause danger.
• Pay regard to the local regulations and circumstances regarding electric installations.
• Repairs may only be done by Messkonzept.
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1.4 Intended Use
Only gases that are non-corrosive and free of condensate, dust, aerosol or oil mist may be lead in
the FTC-series gas analyzer. Flammable gases require appropriate protective measures. Explosive
gases may not be lead into the FTC. The Instrument may not be used in hazardous areas. Please
contact [e-mail] for detailed information and solutions.
Upon installation the protection class has to be considered. The ambient atmosphere may not be
corrosive. OEM-devices with protection class IP00 demand thermal and electric insulation, as well
as mechanical protection for operation.
FTC-series gas analyzers do not have a metrology marking in the sense of EU directive 2014/32/EU.
They may therefore not be used for example in analyzes in medical and pharmaceutical laboratories
or in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals in pharmacies based on a doctor’s prescription.
The specifications of the device and its manual have to be observed strictly. Please fill out ques-
tionnaire (2.01.1FB180619MPL1) for registration of your measuring task, if your intended use does
not comply with intended use described above. Based on the information given in the questionnaire
Messkonzept will examine the measuring task and possibly authorize it.
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Chapter 2
Principle of Measurement
2.1 Determining Concentrations via Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD) are used in the chemical industry since the 1920s as the first
process gas analyzers for the quantitative composition of gas mixtures. Every gas has a typical heat
conductivity governed by its molar mass and viscosity. The measurement is based on the principle
that the thermal conductivity of a gas mixture is dependent on the thermal conductivities of its gas
components and their fractional amounts in the mixture. Thus, the concentrations of different com-
ponents can be calculated from the thermal conductivity.
The main advantage of the TCD’s measurement principle compared with the wide spread infrared
analysis technique is, that it is not limited to gases with a permanent dipole moment. It can identify
noble gases (He, Ar, Ne, etc.) as well as homonuclear gases such as H2and N2. Furthermore, it is
robust and cost effective.
The principle of thermal conductivity measurement works best if the analyzed gas components’ ther-
mal conductivities vary greatly. For TC measurement based analysis, one of the following conditions
must be met:
• The mixture contains only two different gases (binary mixture), e.g. CO2in N2or H2in N2
• The thermal conductivity of two or more components is similar, e.g. measuring H2or He in a
mixture of O2and N2(quasi binary mixture)
• The mixture contains more than two gases, but all but two components’ (or component groups’)
volumetric fractions are constant over time
• The mixture contains more than two gases, of which all but two components’ concentrations
can be determined through other measurement principles (as employed in the FTC 400 through
cross-sensitivity compensation of IR- and TC-sensor information)
The thermal conductivity of gases rises with temperature and the slope of the increase
with temperature is different for different gases. On customer request it can be checked
whether the temperature of heat sink and/or source can be changed in order to improve
the sensitivity of the measurement or to avoid cross-sensitivity effects.
Cross-sensitivity is the sensitivity of the measurement on other gases than the measured
component. Perturbation-sensitivity means the sensitivity of the measurement on other
influences than the gas-composition, e.g. the gas pressure.
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Gas Out
130˚C
60˚C
Gas In
Figure 2.1: Schematic drawing of thermal conductivity measurement. The sensor is comprised in the
stainless steel block which is kept at a constant temperature.
The FTC300 contains a thermal conductivity sensor to analyze the quantitative composition of gas
mixtures. The measurement is based on the heat transfer between a heat source and a heat sink.
The measuring gas is led through a stainless steel block that is kept at a constant temperature
of 63◦C (for most applications). The block temperature is stabilized using a control loop - it serves as
a heat sink of constant temperature. A micro mechanically manufactured membrane with a thin-film
resistor serves as heat source. A control loop stabilizes the membrane temperature at 135◦C (for
most applications).
Above and below the membrane two small cavities are etched into the silicon. These cavites are filled
with measuring gas by diffusion. The surfaces opposite to the membrane are thermally connected
with the heat sink. Through maintaining a constant temperature gradient between the two opposite
surfaces, the heat flow is dependant of the gas mixture’s thermal conductivity alone. Hence the
voltage needed to keep the membrane temperature constant is a reliable measure for the thermal
conductivity of the mixture and can be used further to determine the gas mixture’s composition.
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Mea-
suring
Gas
Carrier
Gas
Basic
range Smallest range
Smallest
supressed zero
range
Multi Gas
Mode
H2N2/ air 0% - 100% 0% - 0.5% 98% - 100% Yes
H2Ar 0% - 100% 0% - 0.4% 99% - 100% Yes
H2He 20% - 100% 20% - 40% 85% - 100% On
request
H2CH40% - 100% 0% - 0.5% 98% - 100% On
request
H2CO20% - 100% 0% - 0.5% 98% - 100% On
request
He N2/ air 0% - 100% 0% - 0.8% 97% - 100% Yes
He Ar 0% - 100% 0% - 0.5% 98% - 100% Yes
CO2N2/ air 0% - 100% 0% - 3% 96% - 100% Yes
CO2Ar 0% - 60% 0% - 10% - Yes
Ar N2/ air 0% - 100% 0% - 3% 96% - 100% Yes
Ar CO240% - 100% - 80% - 100% Yes
CH4N2/ air 0% - 100% 0% - 2% 96% - 100% Yes
CH4Ar 0% - 100% 0% - 1.5% 97% - 100% Yes
O2N20% - 100% 0% - 15% 85% - 100% Yes
O2Ar 0% - 100% 0% - 2% 97% - 100% Yes
N2Ar 0% - 100% 0% - 3% 97% - 100% Yes
N2CO20% - 100% 0% - 4% 96% - 100% On
request
NH3H20% - 100% 0% - 5% 95% - 100% On
request
CO2H20% - 100% 0% - 2% 99% - 100% On
request
SF6N2/ air 0% - 100% 0% - 2% 96% - 100% On
request
Table 2.1: Measuring ranges of typical gas compositions for analysis with the FTC300.
The FTC300 must not be used with explosive gases. Flammable gases such as H2and
CH4may only be used in devices filled with glass balls. A gas mixture of a flammable
gas with an inert gas in a mixing ratio such, that it is still inflammable for any amount of
air added is called totally inertised. Totally inertised gases can also be used in devices
without glass balls.
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“Basic range“ is the largest possible measuring range and is set by default. The
linearization is performed over the basic range. The smallest measuring ranges at the
beginning and the end of the basic range are facilitated through specific calibration. The
smallest possible range between the basic range and the smallest ranges at the end
beginning and the end of the range can be estimated by linear Interpolation.
Measuring ranges can be set up in the “Current Loop“ menu, see Section 8.4.1
The Multi Gas Mode (MGM) is a configuration that allows for the consecutive
measurement of different gas pairs. The gas pair can be switched through the control
panel or via the RS232-interface. Gas pairs labeled “Yes“ in Table 2.1 are commonly
used. Gas mixtures labelled “On request“ can also be implemented upon request.
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Chapter 3
Assembly of the Instrument
3.1 FTC300 Detector Unit
The FTC300 detector unit consists of a hermetically sealed pressure proof stainless steel block with
a gas duct, which is suited for pressures up to 20 bar. Sample gas entering through the gas inlet
is guided to the micro-mechanical thermal conductivity sensor and further downstream to the outlet
port. In particular the pneumatics are designed to minimize the influence of a changing gas flow. The
operating temperature of 63◦C is stabilized by a highly accurate PI control loop.
In order to avoid electrical interference on the measuring output the high performance analog adap-
tion circuit is directly mounted on top of the stainless steel block. The piggyback-mounted processor
board digitizes the signal in a 24bit A/D converter. The micro-controller performs all calculations, as
linearization, calibrations and cross sensitivity compensation directly on the detector unit.
Figure 3.1: FTC300 Detector Unit
3.2 Installation of the FTC300
The FTC300 is designed for wall fastening. The four mounting holes are shown in Figure 3.2. M4
cylinder head bolts are suitable. Please remember to keep additional space for adequate assembly
of gas hoses and cables (see Chapter 12 "Appendix: Dimensional Drawing" for more information).
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6mm
52 mm
20 mm
26 mm
80 mm
65 mm
144 mm
132 mm 4.5mm
Figure 3.2: Mounting holes shown from the reverse side of the housing
If you are planning to lead flammable or toxic gases into the device, the device must be
installed in a well ventilated area. All devices undergo a leakage test during production,
nevertheless a limited release of small gas quantities is possible.
3.3 Gas Ports
On the bottom of the FTC300 housing two tubes with 6mm outer diameter for gas connection are
located. They are labeled with “GAS IN “ and “GAS OUT“.
For low requirements regarding gas tightness and resistance to pressure the tubes can be used as
hose connector. For permanent gas and pressure tightness compression fittings are recommended
(e.g. by “Swagelok“©).
After connecting the device a leakage test should be performed (especially when working with
flammable and/or toxic gases).
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3.4 Electrical Connectors and Ground
1: Analog Input 1
2: Analog Output 2
3: Analog Reference
4: Digital Input (24V)
5: Ground pin 4
6: Analog Output 1
7: Analog Input 2
1: 0 (4) - 20mA,
isolated +
2: 0 (4) - 20mA,
isolated -
3: Ground
RS232
4: TxD
5: RxD 1: Relay 1 - A
2: Power Supply-GND
4: Power supply +24V
3: Relay 1 - B
7: Relay 3 - A
6: Relay 2 - B
5: Relay 2 - A
8: Relay 3 - B
AB C
Figure 3.3: Electrical connector pin assignments of the three connectors on the FTC300
The FTC300 has three three plug connectors as shown in Figure 3.3. Further information on the
function of each contact is given in Table 3.1. The cables (712, IP67) with molded connector plug
and a length of two meters (five meters available on request) are part of the purchased parts pack-
age. The cables have open ends. The cross-section of the conductors in cable A and C is 0,14mm2,
for cable B 0,25mm2. Cable A is shipped with devices set up for analog output.
The protection class of the device is only effective with all cables attached. In case cable
A is not used, connector plug A has to be closed with an end fitting.
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Pin No. Wire
colour Function Description
Connector
A
(7 pins)
1 white Analog Input 1 0 to 10V, 24 bit resolution
2 brown Analog Output 2 0 to 10V, 16 bit resolution
3 green GND GND for pins 1, 2, 6, 7
4 yellow Digital Input (DIN) low: <4.6V; high: >11.4V
5 grey GND GND for Pin 4
6 pink Analog Output 1 0 to 10V, 16 bit resolution
7 blue Analog Input 2 0 to 10V, 24 bit resolution
Connector
B
(5 pins)
1 white Current Loop +
0 (4) to 20mA, floating
isolated ±500V to ground,
max. 1000 Ohm burden
16 bit resolution
2 brown Current Loop -
3 black Serial Interface RS232 GND for pin 4, 5
4 blue Serial Interface RS232 TxD (transmit data)
5 grey Serial Interface RS232 RxD (receive data)
Connector
C
(8 pins)
1 white Relay 1 isolated contact; max 30V, 0.5A
2 brown Power supply - GND
3 green Relay 1 isolated contact; max. 30V, 0.5A
4 yellow Power supply + + 24V (18V to 30V), max. 700mA
5 grey Relay 2 isolated contact; max. 30V, 0.5A
6 pink Relay 2 isolated contact; max. 30V, 0.5A
7 blue Common Relay 3 isolated contact; max. 30V, 0.5A
8 red Common Relay 3 isolated contact; max. 30V, 0.5A
Table 3.1: Connecting pin assignment of connectors A, B, C
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3.4.1 Requirements for Electrical Connectors
Before using the device make sure that the power supply is in accordance with the spec-
ifications of the device and that all electric connections correspond to the information
given in this manual.
The FTC300 is a device with protection class III. Relay contacts and inputs should only be operated
with safety extra low voltage (SELV;4kV). The power supply has to comply with the PELV specifica-
tion (protective extra low voltage) according to EN 60204-1. Unlike SELV, PELV may be grounded at
the output side.
3.4.2 Ground
ERROR
MAINT REQ
POWER
power supply
PELV complying
with EN 60204-1
+24V GND
AB C
GAS OUT GAS IN
Figure 3.4: Grounding the FTC300
To comply with EN 60204-1 and to ensure your device’s function, the device has to be installed such
that the power supply (PELV) is connected to protective earth (PE) with its ground conductor, see
Figure 3.4. The shielding of cables A, B and C should be connected to functional ground. Dependent
on the circumstances, gas inlet and gas outlet can be grounded in addition. Connections to ground
should be made with short low-resistant cables of large diameter.
3.4.3 Data exchange via serial interface (RS-232)
The serial interface, often called UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter), is based on
the RS-232 standard. The point-to-point data transmission is carried out via the two TxD- (Transmit
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Data) and RxD- (Receive Data) wires to be crossed with a common ground line (GND) for both de-
vices. This creates a bidirectional bus that allows full-duplex communication. The communication
partners can therefore send and receive data simultaneously.
Data transmission via UART is performed with a fixed data frame (UART frame). This frame must be
known to both communication partners. It consists of: A start bit, 5-9 data bits, an optional parity bit
and one or two stop bits. If a PC is connected to the analyzer, the necessary settings are typically
identified automatically. If this is not the case, the parameters can be set manually according to
Table 10.2. (see Section 10.1).
Only a few PCs are still delivered with a so-called COM port (serial RS-232 interface). In order to be
able to operate and program devices that have an RS-232 interface with computers without this, use
of converters from RS232 to USB is advised. The converters often have a 9-pin D-Sub connector as
input, but there are also converters with screw terminal connections.
The serial interface allows operation of the instrument and the display and storage of
measurement data with the SetApp program. More information and a link to download
the software can be found at www.messkonzept.de.
If you plan to develop or use your own software solutions for communication via the
RS-232 interface, you may need more detailed information on the available parameters,
etc. Please contact Messkonzept in this regard.
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Chapter 4
The Front Panel
A1 A2 Er
0.30
[%] H2/N2
ERROR
MAINT REQ
POWER
Process Alarm 2 Indicator
Process Alarm 1 Indicator
Error Indicator
Maintenance Indicator
Operation Indicator
Currently measured
gas concentration
Measurement Unit
[Vol%] or [ppm]
RIGHT / Selection Key
(Toggle MGM Mode) UP / Selection Key ENTER / Terminate Key
(Gas Selection in MGM-Mode)
Figure 4.1: Front view schematic of the FTC300 front panel
4.1 Display
4.2 LED Indicators
System Alarm Indicator (red)
The flashing red LED indicates a system error. System error indication depends on the configuration
of the “Alarm matrix“. Please see Section 8.3.7 "Common Relay" to configure alarm triggers for your
application. Standardly internal errors (see Chapter 9 "Appendix: System Errors") trigger the system
alarm.
File name:
FTC300 Manual 1.09KD140704CWI1V05.pdf