Minolta Flash meter IV User manual

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tr INSTRUCTION MAI{UAL
FLASH METER IV

MINOLTA FLASH METER IV
The Minolta Flash Meter lV is the most advanced exposure meter available for measur-
ing both flash and ambient light sources. By attaching the appropriate receptor, you can
take precise incident-light or ref lected-light readings.
A large LCD data panel shows complete exposure information in both analog and
digital form. A built-in microcomputer and memory function make it easy to calculate
the exposure for highlights, shadows, or an average of two areas.
The Flash Meter lV also features a special "analyze" function that lets you take
readings of flash and ambient light simultaneously. After taking a reading, you can vary
the exposure settings to make either light source dominant.
A wide range of accessories are available for your Flash Meter lV, including spot-
metering attachments and external receptors for incident-light and reflected-light meter-
ing. And if you use a Minolta (Maxxum) 7000 or 9000 camera, the Data Receiver DR-
1000 enables remote control of the camera via infrared signals from the Flash Meter lV.
With other carneras, the lR Receiver-Trigger can be used to trigger a flash unit by remote
control.
Before using the Flash Meter lV, please read this manual carefully to learn about the
meter's parts and functions. This way, you can begin to realize the full potential of the
Flash Meter lV right from the start.
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CONTENTS
NAMESOFPARTS. ......2
PREPARATION
fnstallingtheBattery ......4
Settingthe FilmSpeed. ........5
AttachingaReceptor .,....S
GENERALTNFORMATTON... ......6
DATAPANELDISPLAYS .....10
Digital Display ........11
AnalogDisplay .....12
GuideValueDisplay ........13
AMBIENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS
Shutter-Priority(T|ME) Mode. ....14
Aperture-Priority (FNo.) Mode . ... .. .. .16
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITH A SYNC COFD
Shutter-Priority(T|ME) Mode. .......18
Aperture-Priority(FNo.l Mode. ...20
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT A SYNC CORD
-shutter-Priority(TIME) Mode. .......22
Aperture-Priority (FNo.) Mode .
MEMORYFUNCTION. ......26
RE F LECTED.LIGHT CALCU LATIONS
HighlightCalculations ......28
ShadowCalculations ....29
AveragedCalculations .....30
Checking Other Areas of the Scene . . . . .31
Changing the Highlight and Shadow Values . . . . .32
EXPOSURE ADJUSTMENT . . . . . . . . . . .33
MIXED LIGHTING: FLASH WITH AMBIENT LIGHT
Analyze Function ..... .......34
Fill-in Flash :.... .......36
Comparinglncidentand Reflected-LightMeasurements,........37
MEASUREMENTSFORAMOVIECAMERA .....38
LIGHTINGRATIOCALCULATIONS. .....39
GUfDENUMBERCALCULATTONS. .....40
ILLUMINANCECALCULATIONS. ..,...41
ExposureValueNumbers.... ........41
INFRAREDREMOTECONTROL .....42
GAL|BRATION.... ...:. .......43
ACCESSORfES. . . . .. ... .. .44
TECHNICALDETAILS .....46
CAREANDSTORAGE .....47

NAMES OF PARTS
Receptor head
Memory clear
Infrared (lR)
transmitter window (421
Data panel (101
Memory button
Strap eyelet
Shadow key (29)
Averaging key (30)
ishlight key (281
Measuring button
Measuring-mode switch
Up/down control
Function switch
On/recall button (4)
Sync terminal
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Reflected-light attachment (5)
Data-transmission button (42
(For use with Data Receiver
D R-1000)
Shutter-release button (4
(For use with Data Receiver
D R-1000)
Tripod socket
Battery cover
(Measuring-level adjuster and
battery chambers A and B inside)
Accessory-receptor j ack
Analog-display switch ( 14)
Digital-display switch (1 1)
Normal/an dyze switch ( 14)
Single/multi switch

PREPARATION
Installing the Battery
The Flash Meter lV's memory and measurement
circuits are powered by one AA-size battery that fits
into battery chamber A. A 1.S-volt alkaline or carbon-
zinc or 1.2-volt nickel-cadmium battery can be used.
1. Remove battery cover
by sliding it downward.
2. Insert an AA-size
battery into chamber A
with plus (+) and minus
(-) ends as markdd in
the battery chamber.
3. Realign battery cov-
er and slide it upwards
until it snaps into place.
o The meter will not operate unless a fresh battery is
properly installed.
Infrared Tranrmitter
' The Flash Meter lV has a built-in infrared trans-
mitter for use with the optional Data Receiver
DR-lOfi) and or lR Receiver-Trigger units. lf you use
either, of these units, a battery must be installed in
battery chamber B. A 6-volt alkaline (4LR44, Eve-
ready 537 or equiv.l or 6.2-volt silver-oxide (4SR44,
Eveready il4 or equiv.) battery can be used. See
page 42 for more information about using these units.
Switching on the Data Panel
The Flash Meter lV
does not have a power
switch. Even with power
supplied continuously to
the meter's memory, the
power consumption is
minimal. To conserve
power, the Flash Meter lV automatically switch-
es off the data panel display 4 minutes after taking a
reading or pressing a key. The most recent display can
be recalled at any time by pressing the On/Recall
button. The display is illuminated for 8 seconds after
the key is pressed.
Automatic battery check
When battery power is
low, the displays on the
data panel will blink while
taking a measurement. lf
this occurs, install a new
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battery. When the battery is / | | \ \
completely exhausted, the data panel will remain
blank even after pressing the On/Recall button.
o When replacing the battery, remove the dead
battery, press the On/Recall button to clear the
meter's circuit, then insert a fresh battery.
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Setting the Film Speed
1 . Set the function
switch to "lSO" posi-
tion.
2. Move the up/down
control downward to de-
crease the ISO setting
and, upward to increase
the setting. Each time
the control is moved, the
ISO setting changes by
1/3 stop. The setting
changes continuously if
you keep pressing the
up/down control.
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3. After setting the film speed, set the function
switch to "TlME" or "FNo." to take a reading.
NOTE
o Any speed from ISO 8 to ISO 6400 can be set.
o f SO 125 and ISO 125O are displayed as "lSO 12O"
and "lSO 1200", respectively.
o After taking a measurement, you can change the
film-speed setting and the shutter-speed/f-number
combination required for correct exposure will
also change.
Attaching a Receptor
The Flash Meter is supplied with two receptors: a
spherical diffuser for incident-light measurements and
a reflected-light attachment for reflected-light meas-
urements. An explanation of how to take incident-
and ref lected-light measurements appears on the
following pages.
Spherical Diffuser for inci-
dent light
Ref lected-l i ght attachment
for reflected light
To attach a receptor:
Align the white dot
on the receptor with the
receptor index and insert
the receptor's bayonet
into the socket. Rotate
the receptor clockwise to
secure it.
To remove a receptor:
Rotate the receptor
counterclockwise until
its dot aligns with recep-
tor index and lift the
receptor out of the sock-
et.
Accessories
The reflected-light attachment supplied with the
meter has a 40" angle of view. To take "spot" read-
ings of smaller areas of a scene, Minolta's 5" View-
finder or 10" Viewfinder ll can be used. The Booster
ll is available for taking reflected-light readings off a
view camera's groundglass screen or in very low light.
Refer to pages 44 and 45 for more information
about these and other accessories for the Flash Meter
lv' 5

GENERAL INFORMATION
lncident{ight Readings
With incident-light readings, exposure is based on the brightness of the light falling on the subject. The sub-
ject's reflectivity (how light or dark it is) does not influence the reading.
Many photographers prefer to make incident-light readings because these readings produce very predictable,
consistent exposures for most average scenes. Furthermore, this method is very quick and simple, and thus is
well-suited to determining the exposure in fast-changing situations.
Taking Incident-light Readings
Attach the spherical diffuser to the Flash Meter lV. The optional Flat Diffuser, Mini Diffuser, and the 4X and
8X Spherical ND Diffusers can also be used.
Move in close to the subiect so that you can measure the same light that is falling on the subject. Aim the
diffuser directly at the camera lens. lf you can't get close to the subject, hold the meter in the opposite direction
that the camera lens is facing.
In "AMBI" and "CORD" modes, take the reading by pressing the measuring button. In "NON.C" mode,
press the measuring button to activate the meter, then trigger the flash unit to take the reading.
Incident light metering Light source
Camera
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Reflected{ight Readings
With reflected-light readings, the Flash Meter lV averages the light reflected from all subjects in the scene. Like
all reflected-light meters, including those used in single-lens reflex cameras, the Flash Meter lV is designed to give
the correct exposure for a medium-gray tone.
The assumption is that theaveragereflectance of the various light and dark tones in a scene would be about the
same as a medium-gray tone. In a wide variety of situations, reflected-light readings produce good exposures.
A major advantage of taking reflected-light readings is that you can select which tones are most important and
determine the exposure just for these tones. For example, a bright highlight or shadow area can be measured and
the exposure can be calculated to retain detail in that area {see pages 34 and 35).
Taking Reflected-light Readings
To take a reflected-light reading, attach the reflected-light attachment. The optional Viewfinder 5o, View-
finder 10o ll can also be used. lf you use the Minolta Booster, Booster ll orSiner Boosterl, the spherical diffuser
must be attached to the receptor head.
Hold the meter near the camera lens and aim the meter's receptor at the subiect. The reflected-light attach-
ment has a 40o angle of view, so you may need to move closer to the subject so that the reading is not influenced
by the background.
To make it easier to aim the meter, the receptor head can be rotated up to 270".
In "AMBl" and "CORD" modes, take the reading by pressing the measuring button. In "NON.C" mode, press
the measuring button to activate the meter, then trigger the flash unit to take the reading.
Reflected light metering
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Selecting the Measuring Mode:
Ambient and Flash Light Measurements
Ambient Light Mode
"AMB l" (ambient
light) mode: Use f or
measu rements of con-
tinuous light sources, in-
cl ud i ng day I ight, tu ng-
sten I ights, neon and
fluorescent lights, and
television screens.
o After ta king a read ing, you can change the shutter
speed (in "TlME" mode) or f-number ("FNo."
mode) by moving the up/down control. The
new shutter-speed lt-number combination will be
displayed.
Flash Light Modes
"CORD" (sync cord)
mode : I n th is mode, a
sync cord is connected
between the flash unit
and meter to trigger the
f lash un it. Th is mode
can be used to take read-
ings of electronic flash
and f lash bu lbs.
"NON.C" (non-cord)
mode: In this mode, a
sync cord is not requ ired;
you manually trigger the
flash to take a measure-
ment. This mode can be
used to take readings of
electronic f lash.
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Selecting the Function
"T I M E" Mode: In shut-
ter-priority ("T lM E")
mode, you f irst set the
desired shutter speed,
then take a measure-
ment. The requ ired f-
number will be displayed
on the data panel.
o The shutter speed can
be set f rom 1/8000
sec. to 30 m inutes in
"AM B l" mode, and
f rom 1/1 000 sec. to
30 minutes in "CORD'
and "NON.C" f lash
modes. ffi F'|b rfi.ro*"'
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"FNo" Mode: In aper-
ture-priority ("F No.")
mode, you can select any
f-number setting from
t lo.7 to t 190.
o Ambient-light meas-
urements: Set the f-
nu m ber, then ta ke a
measu rement. The re-
qu ired shutter speed
will be dispf ayed on
the data panel. 4h 5.6s
F lash measu rements :
Set the shutter speed
for proper X-sync,
then set the f-number.
After taking a meas-
urement, the Guide
Value (GV) number
will indicate how to
adjust the flash power
f or correct exposu re.
lf you do not want to change the f lash's power
level, you can use the up/down control to set the
Guide Value number to zero. The new f-number
setting required for correct exposure will be
d isplayed .
lf the ambient-light level is too h igh for the
shutter-speed lf-number combination you have set,
the shutter speed will be changed automatically to
display the correct exposure settings.
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2.
DATA PANEL DISPLAYS
1. Pointers
Shadow calculation mark
Analog displays
Contrast scal
F-number scale
3. Shutter speed
(TIME)/frame rate
(crN E)
4. ISO film speed
5. Number of exposures/Guide Value (GV)
1. Pointerc
Pointers above analog displays indicate the most
recent measurement and any memorized read-
ings and calculated reading.
2. Analog displays
When f-number scale is displayed, the pointers
indicate the f-number setting. When the contrast
scale is displayed, the pointers indicate the differ-
ence in exposure for up to three readings.
3. Shutter speedfframo rate
Shutter speed can be set in full-stops from
1/8000 sec. to 30 min. in ambient-light (AMBI)
mode and from 1/1000 to 30 min. in flash
(CORD or NON.C) modes. Frame rate (filming
rate) for movie cameras can be set at 8, 12, 16,
18,24,32, or 64 frames per second in ambient-
light (AMBI) mode.
4. ISO film speed
When function switch is set to "lSO", film speed
can be adjusted from ISO 8 to ISO 6400 in
1/3-stop increments.
5. Number of exposures/Guide Value
When "MULTl" is displayed, number of ex-
posures required is indicated. Display shows from
"O" to "9", then changes back to "O" and
continues counting if additional measurements
are taken. When "GV" is displayed, the amount
of adjustment to flash power is indicated.
6. Reflected-light calculation modes
"l!1" for highlight calculation, "El" for shadow
calculation, and "El" for an average of two
measurements.
6. Reflected-light calculation modes
Highlight calculation mark
7. Analyze function
indicator
8. Memory indicators
9. Under/over range
indicators
10. Measuring modes
11. Multiple measurement
indicator
12. F-numbers (FNo.)/Aperture Value
numbers (ExlN)
7. Analyze function indicator
"AN." blinks when normal/analyze switch is set
to "ANALYZE".
8. Memory indicators
A dot appears when a measurement is stored in
the memory. Up to two measurements can be
stored and recalled.
9. Over/under range indicators
lf brightness is under the meter's measurement
range, "V" blinks; if over the meter's range,
tt @tt blinks.
o ff "U" or "4" blink together with "T|ME",
"FNo.", "ExlN", "GV", or "MULTl", thg
measurement is outside of the meter's display
range. Usable reading or indications can be
displayed by moving the up/down control.
10. Measuring modes
"AMBI" for ambient light, "CORD" for flash
measurements using a sync cord, "NON.C" for
flash measurements without using sync cord.
1 1. Multiple measurement indicator
"MULTl" is displayed when single/multi switch
is set to "MULTl" position for multiple measure-
ments.
12. F-numbers/Aperture Value numben
Measurements appear on display with 0.1 stop
accuracy. F-number ("FNo.") range is f/0.7 to
f l9O +0.9 stop. Aperture Value ("ExlN")
numbers range is -15.9 to 45.6.
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DIGITAL DISPLAYS
F-numbers ("FNo." settingl
When the digital-
display ("FNo./ExlN")
switch is set to "FNo.",
the Flash Meter [V shows
the f-number setting in
digital form. The small
number next to the f-
number is a one-tenth
stop display and indi-
cates how much the
f-number or shutter
speed should be changed
for correct exposure.
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Adjustments for tenth-stop indications
Tenth-stop Adjustmenr
o-2 Set f-number to full stop setting
3-7 Close aperture 1/2 stop. E.9., set aper-
ture haffway between tl8 and tl11
if dispfay shows " f l8.B t".
8-9 Close aperture 1 stop. E.9., set aperture
to f 111 if display shows "llfl.Bg".
Shuttsr Speed
The shutter speed is indicated next to the 'TlME"
mark. The indication for 11125 sec. is displayed as
" i?s ". All other speeds are displayed in the usual
way.
Aperture Value Numberr ("ExlN" settingl
When the digital-
display switch is set to
"ExlN", apertur€ value
numbers are displayed on
the data panel. These
numbers cgn be used to
determine the lighting
ratio of a scene or to
compare readings taken
in ambient ("AMBl"l
mode with readings
taken a flash ("CORD"
or "NON.C"l mode.
The "ExlN" setting can also be used to display
Exposure Value ("EV") numbers which are usOd to
determine the illuminance of an ambient light source
(see page 41).
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11

ANALOG DISPLAYS
When the function switch is at "TlME" or "GV",
either the f-number scale or the contrast scale can be
displayed by setting the anafog-display switch to
"FNo." or "CONTRAST" position. When the func-
tion switch is set to "F N o." , the contrast scale is
displayed even if the anafog-display switch is set to
"FN o.".
Contrast scale
The contrast scale has a range from -4 to +4 stops.
Pointers indicate the differences in exposure between
up to three readings. Readings are indicated with
1 /4-stop accu racy f rom -3 to +3 stops, and w ith
'll2-stop accuracy from -4 to -3 and +3 to +4 stops.
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When a single reeding has been stored in the
memory, a pointer appears above the "O" in the
center of the display.Pointers appear above the
contrast sca le on ly when a read ing is stored in the
memory.
When a shadow cal-
cufation is made, a
pointer will appear above
the small "S" mark "tr, I iEl
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*E,[i '* -r h aMB,
"tr1 l.fl n
In exposure.
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which indicates a 2.7 -stop decrease in exposure.
Likewise, highlight
cafculations are shown
by a pointer above the
small "H" mark which
indicates a 2.3-stop increase
When us ing the ana-
lyze function to take
read i ngs of m ixed f lash
and am bient light, the
pointers on the contrast scale indicate the relative
intensity of f lash and am bient light sou rces. The
positions of the pointers will change as the f-number/
shutter-speed combination is changed.
Please refer to pages 26 through 35 for more
information about the memory, shadow, highlight,
and analyze functions.
12
F-number scale
The pointers above the f-number scale indicate
f-number settings with 1|2-stop accuracy. The display
range is f rom t 11 to f /90. lf the required f-number is
outside this range, the 't<" or
and " (U " or " O" vvill blink.
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GUIDE VALUE DISPLAY
The Guide Value ("GV") number indicates how
the f lash power should be adjusted for correct expo-
sure without changing the f-number setting.
Guide Value control in aperture-priority ("FNo.")
mode:
To get correct ex-
posure at f/5.6 and 1/60
sec., "*1 GV" indicates
that the flash power
Guide Value control in shutter-priority ("TlME")
mode:
After taking the reading, move function switch
from "TlME" to "GV". Move the up/down control
to change the "GV" number. This results in a corre-
sponding change in the f-number setting.
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In this example, the upl
down control was used to
change the f-number from
t15.6 to 5.6 + 0.6. The "GV"
correspondingly changed
from 0 to +1 . "+1 GV" indi-
cates that the flash power
must be increased by one
stop (dou bled) for correct
exposu re at t 15.6 + 0.6
stop.
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shou ld be increased by one
distance between the flash
creased by a factor of 1 11.4.
stop (dou b led ) or the
and su bject ca n be de-
to 114 power) or the
and subject can be
For correct exposu re
at t15.6 and 1160 sec.,
"-2 GV" indicates that
the f lash power shou ld
be decreased two stops
distance between the
dou bled.
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(set
flash
lf you cannot change
the flash power or the
flash-to-subject distance,
adjust the f-number set-
ting until the "GV" number is set to tT" (zero).
Make the exposure at that f-number setting.
o In aperture-priority ("F No.") mode, the "GV"
number is displayed in full stops. lf the measured
value falls between the f u ll-stop settings, the
difference (from 0.1 to 0.9 stop) will be indicated
by the small number next to the digital f-number.
Relationship between GV, flash power, and flash-to-subject distance.
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GV number -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0+1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8
F las h power 11256x 1 1128x 1164x 1132x 1 /16x 1l9x 1l4x 1l2x 1x 2x 4x 8x 16x 32x 64x 128x 256x
F lash-to-sub-
ject distance 16x 11.3x 8x 5.7x 4x 2.Bx 2x 1.4x 1x 1 l1 .4x 1l2x 1l2.Bx 1 l4x 115.7x l l9x 1 111 .3x 1 l16x
13

AMBIENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS
Shutter-priority ("TIME "l Mode
Single Measurements
1. Srt switches on left side of meter to:
Analog-displayswitch. . . . . "FNo."
Digital-displayswitch. . . . . "FNo."
Normal/analyze switch "NORM"
Single/multi switch .."SINGLE"
2. S.t measuring mode
to "AMB|".
3. S.t function switch
to "TlME".
4. S"t shutter speed by
moving up/down control.
o Any speed from 30
min. to 1/8000 sec.
can be set in full-
stops.
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14
5. Prrs measuring but-
ton to take a measure-
ment.
In this example, the
shutter speed was set
to 1/30 sec. and the
required f-number was
f/l6 plus 0.2 stop.
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lf "FNo." and "@" or "O" blink, the brightness
level is outside the meter's display range. lf this
happens, change the shutter speed to obtain an
appropriate f-number/shutter-speed combination.
lf the shutter speed or film-speed setting is chang-
ed after the measurement is taken, the f-number
will change automatically to show the correct ex-
posure at the new settings.
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I
AMBI ENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS
Shutter-priority {"TlME"} Mode
Multiple Measurements
1. Set switches on left side of meter to:
Analog-displayswitch. . . . ."FNo."
Digital-display switch . "FNo."
Normal/analyze switch "NORM"
Single/multi switch .."MULTI"
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2. S.t measuring mode
to "AMBl".
3. Srt function switch
to "T|ME".
4. Srt shutter speed by
moving up/down control.
o Any speed from 30
min. to 1/8000 sec.
can be set in full-
stops.
5. Press measuring but-
ton to take a measure-
ment.
o The display shows the
f-number required and
the number of mea-
surements taken.
o In this example, 5
measurements have
been taken and the
required f-number is
f/5.6 plus 0.3 stop.
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6. Each time the measuring button is pressed, an
additional measurement is taken and the meter recal-
culates the cumulative exposure. The total number of
measurements and the f-number reguired are dis-
played.
o Before taking a new series of
slide the single/multi switch. to
check that data panel shows " 'A ".
measurements,
,,RESET" ANd
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15

AMBI ENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS
Aperture-priority ("FNo.") Mode
Single Measurements
1. S.t switches on left side of meter to:
Analog-display switch*. . . . "CONTRAST"
Digital-displayswitch. .. ."FNo."
Normal/analyzeswitch . "NORM"
Single/multi switch . "SINGLE"
* When the function switch is set to "FNo."
below), the contrast scale is displayed even
analog-display switch is set to "FNo.".
2. S.t measuring mode
to "AMBI".
3. Sr, function switch
to "FNo.".
4. Srt f-number by mov-
ing up/down control.
o Any f-number from
tl0.7 to f/90 can be
set in full-stops.
(step 3
if the
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16
5. Press measuring but-
ton to take a measure-
ment.
In this example, the
f-number was set to
f/l6 and the required
shutter speed was
1/30 sec.
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ff "TlME" and ttUltt or "O" blink, the brightness
level is outside the meter's display range. lf this
happens, change the f-number to obtain an appro-
priate f-num ber/shutter-speed com bination.
www.orphancameras.com

I
AMBI ENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS
Aperture-priority ("FNo.") Mode
Multiple Measurements
1. S.t switches on left side of meter to:
Analogdisplay switch*. . . . "CONTRAST"
Digital-displayswitch. . . . . "FNo."
Normal/analyze switch "NORM"
Single/multi switch .."MULTI"
* When the function switch is set to "FNo." (step 4
below), the contrast scale is displayed even if the
analog-display switch is set to "FNo.".
2. S.t measuring mode
to "AMBl".
3. s.t function switch
to "TlME", then set
shutter speed by moving
up/down control.
o Any speed from 30
min. to 1/8000 sec.
can be set in full
stops.
4. S.t function switch
to "FNo.", then set
f-number by moving up/
down control.
o Any f-number from
t/0.7 to f/90 can be
set in full-stops.
5. Pr.r, measuring but-
ton to take a measure-
ment.
6. Tn. data panel will
show the number of
exposures required.
o In this example, the
f-number was set to f/8;
are required.
o Each time the measuring button is pressed,
new measurement is taken.
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5 exposures at 1/30 sec.
17