MONARCH INSTRUMENT EXAMINER 1000 User manual

Instruction Manual
EXAMINER 1000
Vibraon Meter with Electronic Stethoscope
15 Columbia Drive
Amherst, NH 03031 USA
Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.monarchinstrument.com

In order to comply with EU Direcve 2012/19/EU on Waste Electrical
and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): This product may contain material
which could be hazardous to human health and the environment. DO NOT
DISPOSE of this product as unsorted municipal waste. This product needs to be
RECYCLED in accordance with local regulaons; contact your local authories for
more informaon. This product may be returnable to your distributor for recycling;
contact the distributor for details.
SAFEGUARDS AND PRECAUTIONS
1. Read and follow all instrucons in this manual carefully, and retain this manual
for future reference.
2. Do not use this instrument in any manner inconsistent with these operang
instrucons or under any condions that exceed the environmental
specicaons stated.
3. This instrument is not user serviceable. For technical assistance, contact the
sales organizaon from which you purchased the product.
Monarch Instrument’s Limited Warranty applies.
See www.monarchinstrument.com for details.
Warranty Registraon and Extended Warranty Coverage informaon is available
online at www.monarchinstrument.com.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ 1
2.0 CONTROLS AND FUNCTIONS ............................................................... 1
3.0 REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS ................................................................ 2
4.0 OVERVIEW OF DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE .............................. 3
5.0 WHAT IS PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE? ............................................... 3
5.1 Benets of Predicve Maintenance ................................................. 4
6.0 COMMON PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE MEASUREMENTS ................... 5
6.1 Vibraon ......................................................................................... 5
6.2 Temperature .................................................................................... 5
6.3 Lube Oil Analysis (Ferrography) ........................................................ 6
7.0 SELECTING MACHINERY AND MEASUREMENTS ................................. 6
7.1 Selecng and Classifying Machinery ................................................. 6
7.2 Selecng Measurements .................................................................. 7
7.3 Selecng Measurement Intervals ..................................................... 8
8.0 TYPES OF MEASUREMENTS IN THE EXAMINER 1000 ......................... 8
9.0 GETTING STARTED IN YOUR PLANT .................................................... 9
10.0 ESTABLISHING A DATA COLLECTION ROUTE ....................................... 10
11.0 RECORDING DATA FOR A MACHINE .................................................... 10
12.0 WHAT ARE YOU MEASURING? ............................................................ 11
12.1 Mul‑Parameter Monitoring .......................................................... 11
13.0 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES ............................................................ 12
14.0 OPTIMUM MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS .......................................... 13
15.0 EVALUATING THE OVERALL VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS ................. 13
15.1 ISO 10816 Standard Comparison .................................................... 14
15.2 Trend Comparison .......................................................................... 14
15.3 Comparison with Other Machinery ................................................... 15
16.0 EVALUATING ACCELERATION ENVELOPE MEASUREMENTS ............... 15
16.1 Trend Comparison .......................................................................... 15
16.2 Audio Comparison with Other Bearings on the Same Machinery ....... 16
17.0 SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................. 16
18.0 GLOSSARY (for vibraon purposes) ....................................................... 17
19.0 VIBRATION CONVERSIONS .................................................................. 19
20.0 VIBRATION SEVERITY PER ISO 10816-1 ................................................ 20

1
1.0 DESCRIPTION
The EXAMINER 1000 is designed to be
used with vibraon limits established in
ISO Standard 10816 to help you detect
signs of malfuncon or changes in
rotang machinery during operaon. This
is accomplished with overall vibraon
(ISO VIB) and envelope measurements.
Problems with bearings occur when there
is a microscopic crack or aw or when there is a breakdown in lubricaon
which leads to metal‑to‑metal interacon. The EXAMINER 1000 is designed
to detect aws or a lack of lubricaon in bearings and gears at an early
stage by measuring the high‑frequency impacts through acceleraon
envelope methods.
Vibraon measurements are made by pressing the accelerometer sensor
against designated Measurement Points on your equipment with either
the stringer probe or with the magnec base.
2.0 CONTROLS AND FUNCTIONS
ON/SELECT Buon — Press this buon to turn power on. Power
automacally turns o aer ten minutes of non‑use.
Aer turning the EXAMINER on, press the ON/SELECT buon again to
select the measurement type. Pressing and holding the ON/SELECT buon
while collecng data
will HOLD the display
value, indicated by
the word HOLD in the
display. To release from
HOLD mode, press the
ON/SELECT buon
again.
Type of
Measurement Value of Measurement
Units of
Measure
0.09 g
GE
in/s
mm/s
V
A
E
LoBat
HOLD
Low Baery
Indicator
Type of Measurement
Indicator
Hold Reading
Indicator

2
BATTERY
COMPARTMENT
Contains two AA
alkaline batteries
REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS
AUDIO OUT SENSOR IN
CONNECTIONS
QUICK REFERENCE
INSTRUCTION
PANEL
PRODUCT SERIAL
NUMBER
AUDIO OUT
1/8" (3.5 mm)
stereo mini plug
SENSOR INPUT
BNC Connector
output 18VDC @ 2 mA
VOLUME
CONTROL
TOP VIEW
E X A M I N E R
1 0 0 0
VIBRATION METER
ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE
REFER TO OPERATORS MANUAL
FOR INSTRUCTIONS
CONNECTIONS
SENSOR IN AUDIO OUT
Measurement Types Units
V velocity mm/s in/s
A acceleration g
E envelope ge
Monarch Instrument
15 Columbia Drive
Amherst, NH 03031 USA
DISPLAY — The digital display shows the numerical value of the
measurement. An arrow indicates the measurement type selected. The
units of vibraon are automacally displayed as the type of measurement
is selected. The user may work in either metric or imperial units in the
V-velocity mode.
3.0 REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS

3
4.0 OVERVIEW OF DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
1. Press the ON/SELECT buon.
2. Press the ON/SELECT buon again to select the desired measurement
type. Place the accelerometer sensor on the machinery Measurement
Point; use proper probe technique as discussed on the following pages.
3. Wait for the reading to stabilize, then press and hold the ON/SELECT
buon to hold the measurement as indicated by HOLD in the display.
4. Adjust headphones volume level and listen for any disnct paerns or
noises.
5. Record the measurement value in your Machinery Data Worksheet.
6. To release the HOLD funcon, press ON/SELECT again.
7. Repeat the above steps for each Measurement Point.
5.0 WHAT IS PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE?
Predicve Maintenance can be dened as collecng informaon from
machines as they operate to aid in making decisions about their health,
repair, and possible improvements in order to esmate when maintenance
should be performed before any unplanned breakdown. Machinery
maintenance has evolved because of the demands to become more
protable through reduced maintenance costs. Below is the progression
of these maintenance philosophies:
• Break Down Maintenance
• Prevenve Maintenance
• Predicve Maintenance
Break Down Maintenance occurs when repair acon is not taken on a
problem unl the problem results in the machine’s failure. Run to failure
problems oen cause costly secondary damage along with expenses
resulng from unplanned downme and unplanned maintenance.

4
Prevenve Maintenance occurs when a machine, or parts of a machine,
are overhauled on a regular basis regardless of the condion of the
parts. While beer than run to failure, prevenve maintenance results in
excessive downme due to unnecessary overhauls and the excessive costs
of replacing good parts along with worn parts.
Predicve Maintenance is the process of determining the condion of
machinery as it operates, to predict and schedule the most ecient repair
of problem components prior to failure. Predicve Maintenance not only
helps plant personnel eliminate unplanned downme and the possibility
of catastrophic failure, but allows them to eecvely order parts, schedule
manpower, and plan mulple repairs during scheduled downme.
5.1 Benets of Predicve Maintenance
Documented experience proves that plants which establish a predicve
maintenance program are able to:
• Improve Machinery Reliability — reduced “unplanned failures”
• Reduce Maintenance Costs — knowing the exact problem to x
• Increase Producon — opmize machinery capabilies
• Lower Energy Consumpon — less vibraon usually means less
fricon
• Extend Bearing Service Life — reduce vibraon and lubricaon
failures
• Improve Product Quality — where less vibraon improves nish
The benets are numerous and will vary depending upon the
implementaon of your Predicve Maintenance Program.

5
6.0 COMMON PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE MEASUREMENTS
6.1 Vibraon
Vibraon is considered the best operang parameter to judge
dynamic condions such as balance (overall vibraon), bearing defects
(enveloping) and stress applied to components. Many machinery
problems show themselves as excessive vibraon. Rotor imbalance,
misalignment, mechanical looseness, structural resonance, so
foundaon, and gear mesh defects are some of the defects that can
be measured by vibraon. Measuring the “overall” vibraon of a
machine, a rotor in relaon to a machine or the structure of a machine,
and comparing the measurement to its normal value (norm) indicates
the current health of the machine.
The EXAMINER 1000 measures the vibraon of a machine while it
is operang. Trending these measurements shows how a machine’s
condion changes over a period of me. Analyzing these, along with
other measurements, provide insight into the condion of the machine
and which components may be wearing or failing. How to best monitor
a machine’s condion requires one to know which measurements to
take and where and how to take them. Sensors are placed at strategic
Points on the machinery to monitor the machine’s condion.
The EXAMINER 1000 processes the accelerometer’s mechanical
vibraon energy into an electrical signal and displays the measurement
value in numerical form for evaluaon. Commonly measured physical
characteriscs in Predicve Maintenance are:
• Vibraon (as explained above)
• Temperature
• Oil Analysis
6.2 Temperature
As a bearing fails, fricon causes its temperature (or its lubricant’s
temperature) to rise. While trending a bearing, if the temperature rises
followed by a vibraons increase, then it is safe to conclude there was

6
CRITICAL
ESSENTIAL
REDUNDANT
a loss of lubricaon which induced the mechanical failure. If vibraon
increased rst, followed by increased temperature readings, then a
mechanical defect caused the lubricaon failure.
6.3 Lube Oil Analysis (Ferrography)
Monitoring oil condion warns of an increase in foreign substances,
such as water, which can degrade the lubricang properes of the
oil and cause bearing failures. It also detects the presence of metallic
parcles carried into the oil stream. These metallic parcles are
analyzed to determine which part of the machine is wearing and
how fast. Lubricaon analysis is the earliest warning of a developing
problem.
7.0 SELECTING MACHINERY AND MEASUREMENTS
Maintenance personnel have always made visual and hands‑on inspecons
of their machinery on a periodic basis. Systemac data collecon and
trending allows for recall and comparison of events over me but is not a
replacement for good maintenance pracces. Collecng machinery data is
an aid to the maintenance professional, which is used in addion to good
maintenance pracces.
7.1 Selecng and Classifying Machinery
Seng up an eecve Predicve Maintenance Program requires a
careful study of the needs of the plant. It is necessary to know each
machine and its response to change. The following is an example of
machinery classicaon:

7
7.1.1 Crical Machines
Crical Machines are typically expensive premium equipment
that would have catastrophic health, safety, environmental
or customer-related consequences if it failed. This category of
equipment should be very well maintained and monitored, so
connuous monitoring systems are beer suited for this type of
equipment. Personnel safety is always the rst priority in selecng
machinery to monitor.
7.1.2 Essenal Machines
Essenal Machines are typically medium size equipment that may
be bypassed economically for a short period of me. Less aenon
is typically paid to these machines even though their repair costs can
be as high as crical machines. It is highly recommended to select
some of these machines for your Predicve Maintenance Program.
7.1.3 Redundant Machines
Redundant Machines are typically small size equipment that have
redundancy. This group typically has the largest percentage of all
machines in a plant and yet they are usually neglected. At many
facilies, this group consumes the largest percentage of the annual
maintenance budget. If you want to have an immediate impact in
your Predicve Maintenance Program, begin with these machines.
Also include machines with known problems or a history of problems.
7.2 Selecng Measurements
Establish measurement types that most accurately reect the condion
of the equipment. Dierent causes or “mechanisms” are acng on
the machine; various types of measurements have been developed to
measure each type of mechanism. Those mechanisms are:
Stress: a force on the machine or components which deects the
part. Best measured in Displacement. The EXAMINER 1000 does not
measure Displacement as it is a very low vibraon frequency, below
10 Hz (600 RPM).

8
Fague: repeated cycles of stress on a component. If you bend a part
back and forth enough mes it will fague. As a general rule, fague
failures result from vibraon frequencies 10 ‑2000 Hz and Velocity
measurementsareused.Velocitywillbetheprimarymeasurementtaken.
Force: mass x acceleraon. Measured in Acceleraon. Acceleraon is
the rate of change of velocity. Acceleraon is used for high frequencies
above 2000 Hz (120,000 RPM). Bearing defects and gear mesh
frequencies are usually found in this range.
Impact Forces: the result of fague. Impact forces are cyclical events
which can be detected with Acceleraon Enveloping. These are high
frequency‑low amplitude events and a lter in the EXAMINER 1000 is
set at 10-30 kHz to measure them.
7.3 Selecng Measurement Intervals
Measurement intervals are set based on the classicaon of the
machine, its repair history, and the amount of data required for a
detailed trend analysis. At the beginning of a Predicve Maintenance
Program, collect data frequently to build a rapid history of each
machine. Adjust your program as you go. If measurement results are
indicang signs of change, measurements should be performed more
frequently.
8.0 TYPES OF MEASUREMENTS IN THE EXAMINER 1000
Velocity — good for frequency ranges 10‑2000 Hz (600‑120,000 RPM)
Acceleraon — used for higher frequencies or speeds above 2000 Hz
(120,000 CPM)
Acceleraon Enveloping — uses a high pass lter to measure high‑
frequency, repeve bearing and gear mesh vibraon signals; used for
early detecon of developing bearing or lubricaon problems. Use this
type in combinaon with the other types to detect changes in machinery.

9
9.0 GETTING STARTED IN YOUR PLANT
Planning is essenal for a successful Predicve Maintenance Program.
In order to setup up a trending program you must collect data on the
same point with the same measurement type at a dened interval. The
EXAMINER 1000 is a helpful tool to collect this data. As an overall vibraon
meter with electronic stethoscope, the EXAMINER 1000 can be used as
a stand‑alone device for the collecon of vibraon data for trending or
as a diagnosc instrument for troubleshoong machinery defects. The
EXAMINER 1000 Kit comes with Machinery Data Worksheet that allows for
record keeping of collected data.
Establish a standard naming
convenon so you can
communicate your results
to the rest of maintenance.
Uniquely idenfy each machine
and establish a starng point for
each machine measurement.
Begin from the OUTBOARD END
of the DRIVE UNIT calling this Point A. Proceed to label Points (bearings) as
needed unl you have reached the outboard end of the driven unit.
Vibraon readings should be taken
on the bearing caps or as close to the
bearings as possible. The vibraon
sensor can be placed in a Vercal,
Horizontal, or Axial direcon. For
Vercal and Horizontal readings, the
sensor is placed in a radial posion.
Always collect data the same way, at
the same point on the machine each
me. Repeatability is required for
accurate trending.
Vercal
Axial
Horizontal

10
10.0 ESTABLISHING A DATA COLLECTION ROUTE
The Machinery Data Worksheet helps organize data for roune data
collecon. Vibraon readings are taken on the Points (bearings)
established in your route and recorded using your naming convenon on
the worksheet. Vibraon, speed, temperature, pressure or any process
data may be recorded using this type of systemac approach.
Steps for Route collecon:
1. Determine the machines which require data collecon.
2. Dene each measurement type for data collecon Points on each
Machine. Several Points will have numerous readings i.e. VEL and ENV
and Temp.
3. Establish a Route with the Machines grouped by physical locaon.
4. Walk the Route collecng and recording data for each Point in your
Machinery Data Worksheet.
11.0 RECORDING DATA FOR A MACHINE
The vibraon sensor is placed on
each data collecon Point. The
Point, direcon of the sensor,
and the value are recorded on the
Machinery Data Worksheet.
In the example shown right, Point
AVV is taken on the outboard
end of the motor, in the vercal
posion with a velocity type
reading.
AHV = Point A in the horizontal
posion with a Velocity type.
Example of Machinery Data Worksheet

11
12.0 WHAT ARE YOU MEASURING?
Vibraon is the behavior of a machine’s mechanical components as
they react to internal or external forces. Since most rotang machinery
problems show themselves as excessive vibraon, we use vibraon
signals as an indicaon of a machine’s mechanical condion. Also, each
mechanical problem or defect generates vibraon in its own unique way.
We therefore analyze the “type” of vibraon to idenfy its cause and take
appropriate repair acon. With overall vibraon monitoring (VIB ISO)
using the EXAMINER 1000, analysis of the cause of excess vibraon relates
to the monitoring equipment’s probe posion; either horizontal, vercal,
or axial.
Horizontal: typically, unbalanced shas tend to cause excess radial
(horizontal and vercal) vibraons, depending on the machine support
design.
Vercal: excessive vercal vibraon can indicate mechanical looseness as
well as imbalance.
Axial: excessive axial vibraon is a strong indicator of misalignment.
It’s important to note that these are general guidelines and that knowledge
of your machinery and proper hand-held probe techniques are necessary
to accurately analyze the cause of excessive vibraon.
12.1 Mul‑Parameter Monitoring
Use dierent measurement types to monitor your machinery for
changes. This allows for early detecon of specic machinery problems
that may not show under normal overall vibraon monitoring. For
example, if a rolling element bearing has a defect on its outer race,
each roller will strike the defect as it goes by and cause a small,
repeve vibraon signal. However, this vibraon signal is of such low
amplitude that under normal overall vibraon monitoring, it is lost in
the machine’s rotaonal and structural vibraon signals. Acceleraon
Enveloping can measure these signals beer than overall readings. Use

12
both measurement types for bearings and gearboxes. As ENV values
begin to decrease, rely on VEL readings.
Overall Vibraon Monitoring — monitors normal, low frequency
machine vibraon. Detects rotaonal and structural problems like
imbalance, misalignment, and mechanical looseness.
Enveloping — amplies high‑frequency, repeve bearing and gear
mesh vibraon signals for early detecon of bearing problems, but
does not detect non‑repeve rotaonal or structural events like
imbalance, misalignment, and looseness. Provides earliest detecon of
high frequency metal‑to‑metal contact or poor lubricaon in problem
bearings.
13.0 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
In general, vibraon of an‑fricon bearings is best monitored in the load
zone of the bearing. Equipment design oen limits the ability to collect
data in this zone. Simply select the measurement Point which gives the best
signal. Avoid painted surfaces, unloaded bearing zones, housing splits, and
structural gaps. When measuring vibraon with a hand‑held sensor, it is
very important to collect consistent readings, paying close aenon to the
sensor’s posion on the machinery, the sensor’s angle to the machinery,
and the contact pressure with which the sensor is held on the machinery.
Locaon — always collect at the same point on the machine; mark
locaon
Posion — vibraon should be measured in three direcons:
• A ‑ axial direcon
• H ‑ horizontal direcon
• V ‑ vercal direcon
Angle — always perpendicular to the surface (90o+10o)
Pressure — even, consistent hand pressure must be used (rm, but
not so rm as to dampen the vibraon signal). For best results use the
magnec base. If using the snger/probe is the only method available
to collect data, it is best to use a punch to mark the locaon for the
probe‑p to ensure a consistent coupling to the housing.

13
14.0 OPTIMUM MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS
Perform measurements with the machine operang under normal
condions. For example, when the rotor, housing, and main bearings
have reached their normal steady operang temperatures and with the
machine running under its normal rated condion (for example, at rated
voltage, ow, pressure and load). On machines with varying speeds or
loads, perform measurements at all extreme rang condions in addion
to selected condions within these limits. The maximum measured value
represents the vibraon severity.
Snger‑Mounted
Vibraon Sensor
Magnecally‑Mounted
Vibraon Sensor
Load Zone
15.0 EVALUATING THE OVERALL VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS
Three general principles are commonly used to evaluate your vibraon
measurement values:
ISO 10816 Standard Comparison: compare values to the limits established
in the ISO 10816 Standard. See Vibraon Severity Chart.
Trend Comparison: compare current values with values of Baseline for the
same Points over a period of me.
Comparison with Other Machinery: measure several machines of a
similar type under the same condions and judge the results by mutual
comparison.
If possible, you should use all three comparisons to evaluate your
machinery’s condion. ISO 10816 and trend comparisons should always
be used.

14
15.1 ISO 10816 Standard Comparison
The ISO 10816 Standards provide guidance for evaluang vibraon
severity in machines operang in the 10 to 200 Hz (600 to 12,000
RPM) frequency range. Examples of these types of machines are small,
direct‑coupled, electric motors and pumps, producon motors, medium
motors, generators, steam and gas turbines, turbo‑compressors,
turbo-pumps and fans. Some of these machines can be coupled rigidly
or exibly, or connected through gears. The axis of the rotang sha
may be horizontal, vercal or inclined at any angle.
Machinery class designaons are:
Class l: Individual parts of engines and machines integrally connected
to the complete machine in its normal operang condion. (Producon
electrical motors of up to 15 kW are typical examples of machines in
this category.)
Class ll: Medium-sized machines (typically electrical motors with 15
kW to 75 kW output) without special foundaons, rigidly mounted
engines or machines (up to 300 kW) on special foundaons.
Class lll: Large prime movers and other large machines with rotang
masses mounted on rigid and heavy foundaons which are relavely
s in the direcon of vibraon measurement.
Class lV: Large prime movers and other large machines with rotang
masses mounted on foundaons which are relavely so in the
direcon of vibraon measurement (for example, turbo‑generator
sets, especially those with lightweight substructures).
Note: These ISO 10816 Standard classes do not apply to prime movers
or driven equipment in which the major working components have a
reciprocang moon.
15.2 Trend Comparison
The most ecient and reliable method of evaluang vibraon severity
is to compare the most recent reading against previous readings for

15
the same measurement Point, allowing you to see how the Point’s
vibraon values are “trending” over me. This trend comparison
between present and past readings is easier to analyze when the
values are ploed in a “trend plot”. A trend plot displays current
and past values ploed over me. Measurement records should also
include a baseline (known good) reading. The baseline value may be
acquired aer an overhaul or when other indicators show that the
machine is running well. Subsequent measurements are compared to
the baseline to determine machinery changes.
15.3 Comparison with Other Machinery
When several similar machines are used under the same operang
condions, evaluaon can be carried out by measuring all machines at
the same Points and comparing the results.
16.0 EVALUATING ACCELERATION ENVELOPE MEASUREMENTS
Use the same techniques of comparison as for Overall Vibraon readings.
Remember, acceleraon envelope is an advanced “early warning” of
a developing problem. High values do not necessarily indicate bearing
failure. They can also indicate:
A. Lack of lubricaon or decreasing oil viscosity due to high-bearing
temperature caused by overload or external heat source
B. Breaking of the lubricant lm by excessive imbalance, misalignment,
or housing deformaon. Loss of boundary lubricaon
C. A rubbing seal or cover
D. Gear mesh interacon (bad lubricaon, defects)
E. Dirt or parcles in the lubricant, or a seal or lter problem
16.1 Trend Comparison
Use Trend Comparison similar to Overall Vibraon to establish
severity levels. Accelerang Envelope readings tend to decrease as
Overall Vibraon readings increase. This happens when the defect in
the bearing is becoming more severe and the frequency is generates
becomes lower, which makes it beer read with the Velocity‑type
readings.

16
17.0 SPECIFICATIONS
Specicaons* EXAMINER 1000 Vibraon Meter
Vibraon Sensor Piezoelectric accelerometer 100 mV/g with magnec
base, probe and 5 . cable to BNC
Display
LCD 3.5 digits
Indicators: Measurement, Hold, Low Baery,
Units of Measure
Measurement Range
Acceleraon: 0.01‑19.99 g (RMS)
Velocity: 0.01‑19.99 in/sec, 0.1‑199.9 mm/sec (RMS)
Envelope: 0.01-19.99 gE (peak)
Frequency Range Overall: 10 Hz - 10 kHz
Envelope: 0.5 kHz - 10 kHz
Output
Sensor excitaon: 18VDC @ 2 mA (BNC)
Audio output: 3.5 mm mini plug; 250 mW into 8 ohms,
150 mW into 32 ohms;
adjustable volume control with o posion
Power Two (2) AA cells
Operang Time 20 hours connuous without headphones
Weight Instrument: 7 oz. [0.19 kg]
Complete kit: 2.85 lbs. [130 kg]
Dimensions 6.3 x 3.3 x 1.25 in. [152 x 83 x32 mm]
Operang Condions -14°F to 122°F [-10°C to 50°C]
*Specicaons are subject to change without noce.
16.2 Audio Comparison with Other Bearings on the Same
Machinery
When several bearings are used under the same operang condions,
evaluaon can be carried out by listening to the audio signals to
determine changes. This method will help to locate the defecve
bearing quickly. Measure all machines at the same Points and compare
the results. Listen for increases in signal and for “clicking” paerns
which indicate wear.

17
18.0 GLOSSARY (for vibraon purposes)
Acceleraon A scalar quanty that species me rate of change of
velocity; expressed in either g‑force (g) or m/sec2where 1 g
= 3.86.1 in/sec2 and 9.8066 m/sec2
Acceleraon
Enveloping
A high‑frequency, ltered data collecon method expressed
in gE
Accelerometer A transducer which converts acceleraon moon into an
electrical output
Amplitude The magnitude of vibratory moon; can be measured as
peak‑to‑peak, zero‑to‑peak, or RMS
Axial The direcon parallel to the axis of rotaon
Baseline Recorded values taken when a machine is known to be
good; the standard to which all addional readings will be
compared
CPM Unit of frequency measurement — cycles per minute
Displacement A scalar quanty specifying the change of posion of a body
measured from the resng posion
Dynamic Force A force that varies with me
Force Energy applied to a mass producing a deecon (stac
force) or moon (dynamic force)
Frequency The repeon rate of a periodic event, expressed in cycles
per second (Hz), CPM, RPM, or mulples of running speed
(orders)
g’s Units of acceleraon referenced against the force of gravity
(1 g = 32.1739 ./sec/sec; 1 g = 9.8066 m/sec/sec)
Gear Mesh
Frequency
A frequency generated by a gear; dened as the number of
gear teeth on a gear mes its sha‑rotang frequency
Hertz (Hz) A unit of frequency measurement, cycles per second
High‑Pass Filter A lter that allows only those components above a selected
frequency to pass