Motorola 110502USM001 - Vanguard 60 Router User manual

Motorola
Vanguard Applications Ware
IP and LAN Feature Protocols
Vanguard Router Basics
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To comment on this manual, please send e-mail to LJM04[email protected]
Part No. T0100-01, Rev B
Publication Code: KP
First Printing: November 1998
Manual is current for Release 5.4 of Vanguard Applications Ware.

Contents
v
Vanguard Router Basics
Chapter 1. Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols
IP and LAN Protocol Support ...................................................................... 1-2
Physical LAN Connectivity ..................................................................... 1-3
LAN Forwarding Options ........................................................................ 1-4
Network Layer - Routing ......................................................................... 1-5
RFC ............................................................................................................... 1-7
Chapter 2. Vanguard Routing Model
Functional Overview of the Vanguard Router Model .................................. 2-2
IP Forwarder ................................................................................................. 2-3
WAN Adapter ............................................................................................... 2-4
LCON Encapsulation ............................................................................... 2-6
Codex Proprietary Encapsulation ............................................................. 2-7
RFC1294 Multiprotocol Encapsulation ................................................... 2-8
RFC877 Multiprotocol Encapsulation ..................................................... 2-9
RFC1356 Multiprotocol Encapsulation ................................................... 2-10
LAN Connection Encapsulation Examples .............................................. 2-11
WAN Port ..................................................................................................... 2-13
WANView and LANView ............................................................................ 2-14
WANView - Point to Point LCON ............................................................... 2-16
LANView of the WAN - Group LCONs ...................................................... 2-17
LANView Examples ................................................................................ 2-21
RTP/UDP/IP Header Compression ............................................................... 2-25
How RTP/UDP/IP Compression and Decompression Occurs ................. 2-28
Using Bridging Routers to Connect LANs and Networks ........................... 2-31
Chapter 3. Configuring a Vanguard Router
Configuration ................................................................................................ 3-2
Example WANView Configuration - Point-to-Point LCONs .................. 3-5
Example LAN View Configuration - Group LCONs .............................. 3-7
Configure LAN Connections ........................................................................ 3-9
LAN Connection Parameters Menu ......................................................... 3-10
Configuring LAN Connection Table ........................................................ 3-11
LAN Connection Table Record Parameters ............................................. 3-16

vi
Contents (continued)
Chapter 4. LAN Connection Statistics
Using LAN Connection Statistics ................................................................. 4-2
LAN Connection Statistics ....................................................................... 4-3
LAN Connection Summary Statistics ...................................................... 4-8
RTP/UDP/IP Compression Statistics ....................................................... 4-9
LAN Connection Group Statistics ............................................................ 4-12
Index

Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols 1-1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN
Feature Protocols
Overview
Introduction This chapter introduces the key features and protocols supported by the Vanguard IP
Applications Ware. You will find a summary of the major Request for Comments
(RFCs) supported by Vanguard IP Applications Ware.

1-2 Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols
IP and LAN Protocol Support
IP and LAN Protocol Support
Introduction Motorola’s Vanguard Applications Ware support a wide option of LAN and Internet
Protocol functionality and options. Figure 1-1 lists some of the functionality
supported by the Vanguard IP Applications Ware.
Figure 1-1. Vanguard IP Protocol Support
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Ethernet (802.3) Token Ring (802.5)
Bridging
Internet Protocol (IP)
OSPF DVMRP
ICMP
TCP SNMP TELNET
RIP BOOTP
UDP
IPX Appletalk
Frame Relay, PPP, X.25, ISDN, SMDS,
Multilink PPP
Slim IP SoTCP

Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols 1-3
T0100-01, Revision B Release 5.4
IP and LAN Protocol Support
Physical LAN Connectivity
Introduction The Vanguard products offer serial interfaces for connection to Ethernet and Token
Ring LAN.
Ethernet 802.3 Vanguard Ethernet functionality complies with the IEEE 802.3 specifications and
provides Transparent Bridging to transport many different protocols over the Wide
Area Network (WAN) to remote destinations. Supported protocols include:
• Novell Netware
•DECnet
• Banyan Vines
Token Ring 802.5 Vanguard Token Ring LAN functionality complies with the IEEE 802.5
specifications and provides Source Route Bridging to transport many different
protocols over the Wide Area Network (WAN) to a remote destination. Some of the
supported protocols include:
• Novell NetWare
• SDLC Cluster Controller
• IBM PC LAN
• NetBIOS
• IBM 3270 Emulation 3.0
• IBM APPC
See the IEEE 802.5 specification for additional details on Token Ring functionality.

1-4 Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols
IP and LAN Protocol Support
LAN Forwarding Options
Introduction The Vanguard products supports three forwarding options for carry traffic and
interconnecting LANs. The Vanguard can act as a:
•Bridge
•Router
• Bridge Router (BRouter)
Bridging Bridges work at the Data Link layer providing connectionless service. Vanguard
products support bridging of data traffic for Token Ring and Ethernet LANs.
Bridging LAN traffic minimizes your networking costs by eliminating the need for
redundant networks and maximizes the availability of dedicated facilities such as
servers and printers, as well as public Frame Relay and X.25 services, across
multiple LANs. The Vanguard supports these types of bridging
• Translational Bridging
• Source Route Bridging for Token Ring
• Transparent Bridging
Routing Router interconnect network segments and transport data across an network from a
source to a destination. Routers store and forward data in an network regardless of
network topology. Routers operate at the Network layer and, therefore, offer some
flexibility in choosing several network level services.
Bridge Routing When configured as a bridging router, the Vanguard supports both bridging and
routing within the same node concurrently. The Vanguard provide bridging router
functions including
• Routing packets if a specific routing protocol is globally enabled.
• Filtering packets if you configure specific protocol filters.
• Bridging packets if they are not routed or filtered. In this case, they are
forwarded according to their destination MAC address.

Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols 1-5
T0100-01, Revision B Release 5.4
IP and LAN Protocol Support
Network Layer - Routing
Introduction This section highlights routing features and protocols supported by the Vanguard IP
Applications Ware.
Internet Protocol
(IP) Routing The Internet Protocol is a connectionless packet delivery protocol that performs addressing, delivery, processing and control for transporting data packets over a
network.
Motorola’s implementation of IP Routing supports these protocol and features:
• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
• RIP version 1 and version 2 (Routing Information Protocol)
• On Demand RIP
• OSPF
• Default Gateway and Default Subnet Gateway
• IP Broadcast Handling
• IP Multicast Routing - IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) and
DVMRP support
• IP Address Filtering and Access Control
• ICMP Router Discovery
• Proxy Routing
• Network Address Translation (NAT)
• Class Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) for OSPF and static routes
In addition, Motorola IP implementation also offers bandwidth management
solutions to maximize network performance and availability. These solutions offer:
• Dial on demand routing
• IP load balancing
• Bandwidth on demand
• Data compression
• Bandwidth allocation
• Time of Day link control
• Traffic and Protocol prioritization
OSPF The Vanguard supports Open Short Path First Protocol (OSPF) defined by RFC 1583
version 2. OSPF is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) used to distribute information
among routers belonging to an autonomous system (AS). Vanguard implementation
of OSPF offers:
• TOS routing - Packet routing based on Type of Service (TOS)
• Variable Length Subnet Masks — Lets you break an IP address into variable
size subnets, conserving IP address space.
• Routing authentication — Provides additional routing security
• CIDR - Classless Interdomain Routing
• IP subnetting and the tagging of externally derived routing information. It
uses IP multicast when sending or receiving packets.

1-6 Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols
IP and LAN Protocol Support
SLIM IP Slim Internet Protocol (SIP) is a subset of the IP protocol. SIP is available on the
Vanguard 100, Vanguard 200, Vanguard 6520, and Vanguard 6560. You can install
SIP when the Vanguard needs only the IP functions to communicate between an
SNMP Manager and the internal SNMP Agent. The device does not need to know
how to forward IP traffic. SIP terminates within the Vanguard devices.
SoTCP SoTCP is a proprietary protocol that allows a Vanguard to encapsulate and transport
serial protocols over the IP network. This feature allows terminal and host devices
operating serial protocols to connect and communicate with each other over an IP
network. This provides a cost-effective alternative to X.25 WAN connection.
IPX The Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol is the network layer protocol used
in Novell NetWare networks. Vanguard products can serve as IPX routers to
interconnect PC workstations with any Novell server in a LAN/WAN internetwork.
Appletalk The Vanguard supports AppleTalk routing over Ethernet LANs. AppleTalk is a
routable protocol that comprises several protocols developed by Apple Computer for
intercomputer communication.
Protocol Priority The Vanguard supports prioritization of IP, IPX, Appletalk, Voice over IP, and
transparent bridging traffic so that WAN bandwidth is shared effectively between
them.

Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols 1-7
T0100-01, Revision B Release 5.4
RFC
RFC
Introduction The Vanguard IP Applications Ware adheres to global industry standards defined by
IETF and IEEE.
RFCsSupportedby
Vanguard This table lists some of the RFCs supported by Vanguard IP Applications Ware.
RFC Description
768 User Datagram Protocol.
J. Postel. Aug-28-1980.
791 Internet Protocol.
J. Postel. Sep-01-1981.
792 Internet Control Message Protocol.
J. Postel. Sep-01-1981.
Note
Not all messages covered by RFC 792 are supported by
Vanguard Applications Ware.
793 Transmission Control Protocol.
J. Postel. Sep-01-1981.
826 An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol-or-Converting
network protocol addresses to 48.bit Ethernet Address for
Transmission on Ethernet hardware.
D.C. Plummer. Nov-01-1982.
877 Standard For The Transmission Of IP Datagrams Over Public
Data Networks.
J.t. Korb. Sep-01-1983.
919 Broadcasting Internet Datagrams.
J.C. Mogul. Oct-01-1984.
922 Broadcasting Internet datagrams in the presence of subnets.
J.C. Mogul. Oct-01-1984.
950 Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure.
J.C. Mogul, J. Postel. Aug-01-1985.
951 Bootstrap Protocol (BootP).
B. Croft, J. Gilmore. September 1985
1042 Standard For The Transmission Of IP Datagrams Over IEEE
802 Networks.
J. Postel, J.K. Reynolds. Feb-01-1988.
1058 RIP Version 2 Carrying Additional Information.
G. Malkin. January 1993.

1-8 Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols
RFC
1155 Structure And Identification Of Management Information For
TCP/IP-based Internets.
M.t. Rose, K. Mccloghrie. May-01-1990.
1157 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
J.D. Case, M. Fedor, M.L. Schoffstall, C. Davin. May-01-1990.
1209 Transmission Of IP Datagrams Over The SMDS Service.
D.m. Piscitello, J. Lawrence. Mar-01-1991.
1212 Concise MIB Definitions.
M.t. Rose, K. Mccloghrie. Mar-01-1991.
1213 Management Information Base For Network Management Of
TCP/IP-based Internets:MIB-II.
K. Mccloghrie, M.t. Rose. Mar-01-1991.
1231 IEEE 802.5 Token Ring MIB.
K. Mccloghrie, R. Fox, E. Decker. May-01-1991.
1256 ICMP Router Discovery Messages.
S. Deering. September 1991.
1286 Definitions Of Managed Objects For Bridges.
E. Decker, P. Langille, A. Rijsinghani, K. Mccloghrie.
December, 1991.
1294 Multiprotocol Interconnect Over Frame Relay.
T. Bradley, C. Brown, A. Malis. January 1992.
1315 Management Information Base for Frame Relay DTEs.
C. Brown, F. Baker, C. Carvalho. April 9, 1992.
1398 Definitions Of Managed Objects For The Ethernet-like Interface
Types.
F. Kastenholz. January 1993.
1490 Multiprotocol Interconnect Over Frame Relay.
T. Bradley, C. Brown, & A. Malis. July 1993.
1517 Applicability Statement For The Implementation Of Classless
Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).
Internet Engineering Steering Group, R. Hinden. September
1993.
1518 An Architecture For IP Address Allocation With CIDR.
Y. Rekhter & T. Li. September 1993.
1519 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): an Address
Assignment and Aggregation Strategy.
V. Fuller, T. Li, J. Yu, & K. Varadhan. September 1993.
1520 Exchanging Routing Information Across Provider Boundaries in
the CIDR Environment.
Y. Rekhter & C. Topolcic. September 1993.
RFC Description

Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols 1-9
T0100-01, Revision B Release 5.4
RFC
1534 Interoperation Between DHCP and BOOTP.
R. Droms. October 1993.
1542 Clarifications and Extensions for BOOTP.
W. Wimer. October 1993
1631 The Network Address Translation (NAT).
K. Egevang, P. Francis. May 1994.
1812 Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers.
F. Baker. June 1995.
1918 Address Allocation for Private Internets.
Y. Rekhter, B. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. J. de Groot & E.
Lear. February 1996.
2131 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
R.Droms. March 1997.
RFC Description

Vanguard Routing Model 2-1
Chapter 2
Vanguard Routing Model
Overview
Introduction Before you attempt to configure a Vanguard device for LAN operation you should
take time to understand how the Vanguard router works. Understanding this unique
routing model will make configuring the Vanguard router easier.
What is in this
Chapter This chapter provides information on how a Vanguard router interconnects two or more LANs over a WAN. This chapter will
• describe the key components of the Vanguard routing model
• the concepts of X.25 virtual circuits and how they are used in the Vanguard
• the term LAN connection, LCON - what it means and why is it used.
• LANview and WANview models
• provide basics configuration examples
Note about
Configuration
Examples
The configuration examples provided in this manual highlight the important
parameters that should be configured and do not detail all configurable parameters.
In addition, these examples may not work with your specific network but can be
modified and adapted for your use.

2-2 Vanguard Routing Model
Functional Overview of the Vanguard Router Model
Functional Overview of the Vanguard Router Model
Introduction Vanguard devices provide interconnection of LANs over WAN using a routing
model based on X.25 packet switching technology. Traffic from a LAN port passes
internally to a WAN port via a virtual circuit call. Most other bridge and router
manufacturers configure WAN links based on physical connections only.
Logical Function The Vanguard routing model occurs by three logical functions as shown in
Figure 2-1 and described below:
Figure 2-1. Functional Diagram of Vanguard Routing Model
Function Description
IP Forwarder
The IP Forwarder provides Router, Bridge, or Router-bridge functions. Data traffic from
the LAN port passes to the IP Forwarder through a virtual circuit defined by a Router
Interface (1 as shown in Figure 2-1). Depending on the IP Forwarder function configured,
the data traffic is passed to the WAN adaptor through another virtual circuit defined by
another Router Interface (5 as shown in Figure 2-1).The IP Forwarder can have multiple
virtual circuits to the WAN Adaptor.
WAN Adaptor The WAN Adaptor connects the IP Forwarder to the WAN ports via a virtual circuit called
the LAN connection, LCON. LCONs uses X.25 based addressing to establish virtual
circuits. The WAN Adaptor encapsulates IP traffic for transport over the WAN. The WAN
Adaptor supports RFC 887, RFC 1294, RFC 1356, RFC 1490 multiprotocol encapsulation.
WAN Port The Vanguard can connect to Frame Relay, X.25, MX25, ISDN, Sync PPP, or XDLC
networks.
WAN
LAN
LAN Port
Ethernet
Token Ring
WAN Port
Frame Relay
X.25
MX25
ISDN
Sync PPP
XDLC
Vanguard Router
LAN
Port 15FRI
Port
LCON
FRI
Station
LAN
IP Forwarder
- Bridge
- Router
WAN Adaptor WAN Port
Router
Interface Vanguard Router
Vanguard Router
WAN

Vanguard Routing Model 2-3
T0100-01, Revision B Release 5.4
IP Forwarder
IP Forwarder
Introduction The IP Forwarder provides the Routing, Bridge, or Bridge-Routing function in the
Vanguard.
Note
For more information on Bridge-Router functions refer to “Using Bridging
Routers to Connect LANs and Networks” section on page 2-31.
Virtual Circuits
Defined by Router
Interface
The connection point of the IP forwarder to the LAN port is a virtual circuit called a
Router Interface. Each Router Interface has an IP address associated with it. This IP
address must have its network portion equal to the network number to which it
connects.

2-4 Vanguard Routing Model
WAN Adapter
WAN Adapter
Introduction The WAN Adapter is the logical function that connects the IP Forwarder to the WAN
ports. Specifically, the WAN Adaptor:
• Implements the LAN connection (LCON)
• Performs the WAN encapsulation
• Establishes the remote connections using SVCs or PVCs
• Collects and maintains statistics on each remote LAN connection
• Controls data flow
What is an LAN
Connection -
LCON?
The WAN Adaptor connects the IP Forwarder to the WAN ports via a virtual circuit
called the LAN Connection, LCON. LCONs uses X.25 based addressing to establish
virtual circuits.
LAN Protocols LAN protocols serve two purposes:
• Access termination such as traditional serial protocols
• Routing LAN data along proper WAN paths
The Vanguard WAN Adapter allows Vanguard LAN software to implement a more
efficient layer of routing.
An overlay network that the LAN routing functions see is superimposed on top of
the actual virtual circuit network and physical network implemented by the Motorola
access devices.
WAN Adaptor
Interconnections Figure 2-2 shows how the WAN Adapter is used to provide a LAN overlay network.
Figure 2-2. WAN Adapter Interconnections
X.25
Stack
Up To 2000
Connections
Up To 250
Bridge
Links
Up To 254
Router
Interfaces
PVC SVC SVC
FR-DCE Port X.25 Port FR-DTE Port
Bridge Router
Handler
LAN Port
WAN Adapter
X.25
Stack