MPPT SMPPT10D User manual

SMPPT
Solar Charge Controller with
Maximum Power Point Tracking
10A/20A/30A 12V/24V
Installation & Operation Manual

SMPPT Installation & Operation Manual Version 1.0
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SMPPT Installation & Operation Manual Version 1.0
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Dear Consumer：
Thank you very much for using our product! We will offer you the
permanent and reliable service for your solar system!
The manual gives important recommendations for installing and
using the MPPT controller. Please read the manual carefully and
thoroughly before using this product.

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1. Safety Instructions
(1) The controller is only designed to be connected to the off-grid solar
system. It offers the management of charging and discharging for the
lead-acid battery of flooded, gel and AGM chemistries from 12V to 24V
nominal only. Do not connect this controller to other system, such as
mains supply and windmill generator.
(2) The controller is intended for indoor use only. Protect it from direct
sunlight and place it in a dry environment.
(3) Batteries generate explosive gases during normal operation. It is
important never allow a spark or flame in vicinity of battery.
(4) Be sure to always keep children away from batteries and acid!
(5) Do not disassemble the MPPT controller, it does not have any
user-serviceable parts.
(6) The controller warms up during normal operation. Do not touch the
heatsink at the bottom of the controller.
Note: It is important that the battery is fully charged frequently (at least
monthly). Otherwise the battery will be permanently damaged.
2. MPPT Controller Instructions
2.1 Overview
SMPPT solar charge controller is multi-stage Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) photovoltaic battery charge controller with our own
technology. It’s main topology adopts in Buck conversion circuit, and uses
MCU to adjust the solar panels working point intelligently in order to make the
solar panels output its maximum power. When the circumstances change, the
working point of solar panels deviate from the maximum power point, MCU will
adjust the solar panels working point based on MPPT calculation to make the
solar panels back to the maximum power point again(refer to Chapter 2.4
about MPPT technology introduction). Compared with PWM controller, MPPT
controller can increase the output power of solar panels by 5%~30%. The
output power increasing proportion is affected by the factors such as solar
panels property, humidity and light intensity. The controller uses wall-mount
installing (refer to Chapter 4.1). Connecting terminal makes the wiring area
bigger and wiring loss less.

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2.2 Structure
Figure 2-1: Controller Structure Diagram
2.3 Functions
(1) Maximum Power Point Tracking technology
The controller uses Buck conversion circuit and MCU technology to track
the maximum power point to implement the maximum output power of solar
panels in different illumination intensity and temperature. The MPPT
algorithm increases efficiency of your PV system and decreases the
quantity of solar panels.
(2) Multi-stage Charge Control
The starting charging voltage of battery is different, the controller will use
the different charging strategies to finalize the charging process. When
starting charging voltage of battery is lower than 12.6V (for 12V battery),
battery will go through three stages as Bulk, Absorption and Float charging.
When starting charging voltage of battery is higher than 12.6V (for 12V
battery), battery will go through two stages as Bulk and Float charging.
Bulk Charge:
The controller charges the battery by its maximum output current. It is at
maximum power point tracking state at this phrase.
Absorption Charge:
The controller begins to limit the charging current to make the battery
voltage fixed at a settled absorption voltage (this voltage has temperature
compensation) for 2 hours. It increases the charging saturation level of
⑤
① LCD Display Screen
② Temperature Sensor
③ Button
④ USB Output
⑤ Solar Terminal Block
⑥ Battery Terminal Block
⑦ Load Terminal Block
⑥ ⑦
① ② ③ ④

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battery and prevents battery from leaking gas, and this can increase the
lifetime of battery.
Float Charge:
The battery is at saturation state, and the controller charges the battery at a
trickle current to make the battery voltage fixed at the settled float charging
voltage (this voltage has temperature compensation).
(3) Charge Voltage Temperature-compensated
The controller will compensate the Float charging voltage and Absorption
charging voltage by -4mV/Cell/°C based on the current battery
temperature.
For 12V battery, the compensated voltage U=(t-25)*6*(-0.004)V
For 24V battery, the compensated voltage U=(t-25)*12*(-0.004)V
(4) Discharge Control
The controller monitors the battery voltage all the time. The load will be
switched off when the voltage less than the Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD)
point, and it won’t be switched on until the voltage more than the Low
Voltage Reconnect (LVR) point.
(5) Protection against Reverse Connected Battery
Connecting the battery to the controller by reversed polarity (under the
circumstances of solar panels disconnected) will not damage the controller.
The controller will work normally after connecting with correct polarity.
(6) Protection against Reverse Connected Solar Modules
Connecting the solar modules with the controller by reserved connection
will not damage the controller. The controller will work normally after
connecting with correct polarity.
(7) Reverse Current Protection
The controller prevents reverse current from flowing into the solar modules
12.2V
Absorption
Float
Figure 2-2: Three-stage Charge
t
2h
U
Bulk
12.7V
Float
Figure 2-3: Two-stage Charge
t
U
Bulk

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at night. An additional reverse current diode is not required.
(8) Overtemperature Protection
If the temperature inside the controller becomes too high, then the
controller will stop charging to the battery, and it will restart charging the
battery again when the temperature decreases to a certain value.
(9) PV Overvoltage Protection
If the input voltage of solar panels exceeds the maximum voltage permitted
by the controller, it will enter into protection state automatically and stop
charging. When the input voltage recovers to the normal range, the
controller will start charging again.
(10) Current-limited for Excessive Charging Current
If the permissible charge current is exceed, the controller will deviate from
the maximum power point to limit the output current to prevent the
controller being damaged.
(11) Load Output Overload Protection
If the permissible load current is exceed, then the load output is switched
off. The overload current vs. duration shows as follows:
Rate of Current Duration (s)
1.2Irate ≤I< 1.5Irate
60
1.5Irate ≤I< 1.8Irate
10
I≥ 1.8Irate 0.2
Note: Irate=10A/20A/30A, nominal load current
The controller restarts the load every 6 minutes automatically, but the user
can also restart the load by the Load key（Load key chapter 5.2.2）.
2.4 MPPT technology Instructions
Solar panels are nonlinear materials, and the output power is mainly
affected by illumination intensity, solar panels temperature and load
impedance. When the illumination intensity and solar panels temperature are
fixed, the output power of solar panels is only affected by load impedance.
Different load impedance will make the solar panels work at different point and
put out the different power. The following figure will mark the four working
points A, B, C, D, and the working point features as follows:
Working point D:

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Output voltage is 22.3V, output power is 0W. This point is the open circuit
point of solar panels.
Working point C:
Output voltage is 0V, output power is 0W. This point is the short circuit
working point of solar panels.
Working point A:
Output voltage is 13V, output power is 74W. This working point is the state
when using normal controller, and the solar panels voltage is clamped to
13V by battery.
Working point B:
Output voltage is 17.6V, output power is 92W. This point is the state when
using MPPT controller. Because of using power conversion technology, the
solar panels voltage is not clamped by battery and still works at maximum
power point.
Compare working point A & B, it is easy to find using MPPT controller can
increase the using efficiency of solar panels. Compared to normal controller,
MPPT controller can generate more power.
Figure 2-4: Voltage-Current Curve

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Figure 2-5: Voltage-Power Curve
3. PV System Planning Reference
3.1 System Voltage
The common system voltage of solar system has 3 types: 12V, 24V and 48V.
The higher the system voltage, the more power the system can handle. In
reality application, user should consider the load power, and the voltage scope
permitted by load, and then confirms which system voltage you should use.
The power range for each system voltage is as follows:
System Voltage
Recommended Power Range
12V ＜800W
24V ＜2000W
48V ＜6000W
Table 3-1: System voltage vs. Power range
3.2 Solar Modules Configuration
SMPPT Series controller can be connected with Single Crystalline Silicon
solar panels and also Thin-film solar panels. When configuring the system,
make sure the open circuit voltage of solar panels array is not higher than the
maximum voltage permitted by the controller. Table 3-2 introduces the models
of Single Crystalline Silicon solar panels and Thin-film solar panels and their
parameters. Table 3-3 shows the configuration solution for 12V, 24V and 48V
system for solar panels.

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Model Category
Pmax
Voc Isc Vpmax
Ipmax
STP140D-12/
TEA
Single
Crystallin
e Silicon
Module
140W
22.4V
8.33A
17.6V
7.95A
MS140GG-02
Thin-film
Module 140W
29.0V
7.12A
23.0V
6.52A
STP190S-24/
Ad+
Single
Crystallin
e Silicon
Module
190W
45.2V
5.65A
36.6V
5.2A
NS-F130G5 Thin-film
Module 130W
60.4V
3.41A
46.1V
2.82A
The above parameters are for condition of 25°C, AM1.5 spectrum, and
1000W/m
2
illumination intensity.
Table 3-2: Solar Panels Model and Parameters
Model For 12V System
For 24V System
For 48V System
STP140D-12/T
EA N in parallel two in series, N in parallel
four in series,
N in parallel
MS140GG-02 N in parallel two in series,
N in parallel
four in series,
N in parallel
STP190S-24/A
d+ N in parallel N in parallel two in series, N in parallel
NS-F130G5 N in parallel N in parallel two in series,
N in parallel
N means the quantity number required by the output current.
Table 3-3: Solar Panels Model and System Configuration Solution
3.3 Wire Sizing
To ensure the cable temperature does not exceed the safety range, the
copper cable’s area must be less than 4A/mm
2
. In reality application, user can
choose the appropriate cables according to the system voltage, permitted
cable temperature, cable voltage drop and also cable material. We suggest

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customer to control the maximum battery voltage loss under 1.5%, and control
the maximum voltage loss of solar panels under 2.5%.
The following is the cable length between controller and battery, and the
suggested copper cables:
Cable
Length
Cable Size
in mm
2
Cable Size
in AWG
Voltage Loss
at 10A
(a pair)
Battery Voltage Loss
12V 24V 48V
1m 2.5mm
2
#13 AWG
0.14V 1.2%
0.60%
0.30%
2m 4mm
2
#11 AWG
0.18V 1.5%
0.75%
0.38%
4m 6mm
2
#9 AWG 0.24V 2.0%
1.0% 0.50%
Table 3-4: Cable Length & Cable Voltage Drop
The following is the cable length between solar panels and controller, and
also the suggested copper cables:
Cable
Length
Cable
Size in
mm
2
Cable Size
in AWG
Voltage Loss
at 10A
(a pair)
Solar Panels
Voltage Loss
17V 34V 68V
2m 4mm
2
#11 AWG 0.18V 1.1% 0.53%
0.26%
4m 6mm
2
#9 AWG 0.24V 1.4% 0.71%
0.35%
8m 10mm
2
#7 AWG 0.29V 1.7% 0.86%
0.43%
Table 3-5: Cable Length & Cable Voltage Drop
3.4 Over Current Protection
The electrical equipment used in power circuit must be equipped with over
current and short-circuit protection devices, and there is no exception for
SMPPT Series controller. The controller adopts in the design of common
positive pole inside. We suggest users to install over-current breaker or fuse
on the negative loop of solar panels input, and also the negative loop of battery
output. The capacity of over-current breaker or fuse is 1.25 times of the rated
current.
3.5 Lightning Protection
It is the same as other electrical devices that SMPPT Series controller will
be damaged by lightning. The controller has limited surge absorption capacity.
We strongly suggest users to install lightning surge absorption devices to
increase the reliability of the system.

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3.6 Grounding
Use 4 mm
2
yellow and green cable to connect any of the positive terminal of
the controller to the ground bus of the system. This can decrease the
electromagnetic interference in a certain value.
3.7 System Expansion
If you want to deploy a bigger system, you can expand the system by
paralleling several sets of the same controller. More controllers can share with
one battery group, but each controller must be connected with the independent
solar panels array and the independent load. (Please contact the local
distributor for further information.)
4. Installation
4.1 Dimensions
Figure 4.1-1: Dimensions for SMPPT10D (Unit: mm)
1. Protect the controller from direct sunlight or other source of
heat.
2. Place the controller in a dry environment.
3. A free space of at least 15cm on all side of the controller
must be provided.
4. Mount the controller as close as possible to the batteries.

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SMPPT10D dimensions(Figure 4.1-1):
Mounting hole pitch: 60mm*169mm
Mounting hole diameter: Ф4.2mm
Height*Width*Thickness: 101.4mm*178mm*45.5mm
Connecting terminals: Maximum 10mm²
Figure 4.1-2: Dimensions for SMPPT20D (Unit: mm)
SMPPT20D dimensions(Figure 4.1-2):
Mounting hole pitch: 80mm*184mm
Mounting hole diameter: Ф5mm
Height*Width*Thickness: 111mm*196mm*54mm
Connecting terminals: Maximum 16mm²

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Figure 4.1-3: Dimensions for SMPPT30D (Unit: mm)
SMPPT30D dimensions(Figure 4.1-3):
Mounting hole pitch: 98mm*177mm
Mounting hole diameter: Ф5mm
Height*Width*Thickness: 128mm*187mm*59mm
Connecting terminals: Maximum 35mm²
4.2 Connecting Diagram

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Figure 4-2: Connecting Diagram
4.3 Wiring
A、 Choose the appropriate cables(fix the controller on the wall or other
vertical plane).
B、 Prepare cutting pliers, cross screwdriver and multi-meter, etc.
4.4 Installation Process
A. Mount the controller on the wall and fasten the screws.
B. Check whether the battery voltage and solar panels array voltage is within
the requested range.
C. Switch off the over-current breaker or fuse of the battery, solar panels
array and load.
D. Wiring.
Fuse
① ② ③
Note: Please switch off the breakers of battery, solar
panels array before installing the controller. Do not touch
the positive and negative pole of solar panels or battery
at the same time when installing, otherwise you have the
risk of electrical shock.

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(1) Connect the battery with the battery terminal on the controller by
cables and fasten the screws.
(2) Connect the load with the load terminal on the controller by cables and
fasten the screws.
(3) Connect the solar panels array with the solar panel terminal on
controller by cables and fasten the screws.
E. Switch on the breaker or fuse of the battery, then the LCD displays the
system status. Switch on the breaker or fuse of the load. (more
information about LCD see Chapter 5.)
F. Switch on the breaker or fuse of the Solar panel, then the controller starts
to charge the battery.
5. Operation Instructions
5.1 Symbols
Figure 5.1-1
1. Data display area 2. Day and night 3. Charging 4. Capacity
5. Discharging 6. Load 7. Unit
5.2 LCD Interface
5.2.1 Startup Interface
Photo 5.2-1
⑴ Startup interface: the interface when system is powered on by which you check whether the
LCD is in good condition
⑵ Working voltage of controller: battery voltage detected by controller
⑶ Rated working current: Rated charging and discharging current of controller

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5.2.2 LCD Main Loop Interface
Photo 5.2-2
1>
Switching between interfaces is performed by short pressing
+
or
-
. If there is
no failure, interface presents. If there is failure, error code interface is presented
automatically.(Failure is in section 6)
2>
In interface Battery Voltage, Load is switch on/off by short pressing
-
.
3>
In Error Code, interface is quitted by short pressing
-
.
5.2.3 Solar Panel Voltage
Photo 5.2-3
1>Interface is switched each other between battery voltage and solar panel voltage by
long pressing
-
(>3S),and distinguished by %.
5.2.4 Internal Temperature
Photo 5.2-4
1>
Interface is switched each other between environment temperature and internal

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temperature by long pressing
+
(>3S),and distinguished by h.
2>
Environment temperature is for temperature compensation when charging.
Internal temperature is for over-heat protection.
5.2.5 AH Statistics
Photo 5.2-5
1>
AH and KAH are indicated with Photo 5.2-5.
2>
Charge and discharge AH statistics, maximum 65KAH.It begins from 0AH if it's
more than 65KAH.
3>
AH is cleared by long pressing
-
(>3s).
5.2.6 Parameters Setting
Photo 5.2-6
Photo 5.2-7
1>
In interface Battery Voltage, you can access to loop interface of parameters settings
by pressing
+
(>3S).In loop interface, you can switch setting items by short

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pressing
+
or
-
,and quit by long pressing
-
. (Photo 5.2-6).A 15s absence of
operation brings you to the main loop interface.
2>
In loop interface, you can adjust parameters by long pressing
+
(>3S )after you
choose corresponding setting item(Photo 5.2-7,value flashes)Then modify value by
short pressing
+
or
-
. By long pressing
+
(>3S) you can save data and quit
parameters settings. A 15s absence of operation brings you to the main loop
interface and the data is invalid.
3>
Other parameter settings refer to the last step.
4>
Setup requirements about Bulk charge voltage, Float charge voltage, LVD, LVR
refer to Photo 5.2.7.
5.2.7 Battery Type
Photo 5.2-8
Photo 5.2-9
1>
Battery type as shown in the photo 5.2-8.
2>
Bulk charge voltage, Float charge voltage, LVD, LVR can be modified only battery
type is User-Defined. % shows it's not been modified.(See photo 5.2-9)
5.2.8 Load Mode
Photo 5.2-10

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1> Load mode(see below table)
15h
Regular control mode
14h
Light control mode
0~13h
Light control with switch-off point at night (0 ~ 13 hrs)
Table 5.2-1
Photo 5.2-11
5.2.9 Restore factory defaults
Photo 5.2-12
1> In “Temperature” interface, by long pressing – (>3S)controller is restored to factory
defaults.
6. Faults and Remedies
6.1 Error Code and Correction
Error
code
Cause Correction
Ex1*
LVD protection of battery
and load switched off
Manually recharge the battery
Ex2 HVD protection of battery Make sure connection between battery and controller is