NETGEAR FVS124G - ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 User manual

202-10085-01, March 2005
202-10085-01
March 2005
NETGEAR, Inc.
4500 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
Reference Manual for the
ProSafe VPN Firewall 25
with 4 Gigabit LAN and
Dual WAN Ports FVS124G

2
202-10085-01, March 2005
© 2005 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
Statement of Conditions
In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to
make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit
layout(s) described herein.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to
part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try
to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance
This is to certify that the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports is shielded
against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article
4a. Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22).
Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs
Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports gemäß
der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige
Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die
Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.
Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt
gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen.

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Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer
It is hereby certified that the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports has been
suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation
of some equipment (for example, test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to
certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions.
Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market
and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.
Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement
This equipment is in the second category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area
thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing
Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas.
When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference.
Read instructions for correct handling.
Additional Copyrights
AES Copyright (c) 2001, Dr Brian Gladman <[email protected]>, Worcester, UK.
All rights reserved.
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
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provided with the distribution.
3. The copyright holder's name must not be used to endorse or promote any products
derived from this software without his specific prior written permission.
This software is provided 'as is' with no express or implied warranties of correctness or fitness
for purpose.

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Open SSL Copyright (c) 1998-2000 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
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1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
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product includes software written by Tim Hudson ([email protected]).

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MD5 Copyright (C) 1990, RSA Data Security, Inc. All rights reserved.
License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it is identified as the "RSA Data
Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this
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These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this documentation and/or
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documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use
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Zlib zlib.h -- interface of the 'zlib' general purpose compression library version 1.1.4, March 11th,
2002. Copyright (C) 1995-2002 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the
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Jean-loup Gailly: jl[email protected]; Mark Adler: [e-mail]
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and rfc1952.txt (gzip format)

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Product and Publication Details
Model Number: FVS124G
Publication Date: March 2005
Product Family: Router
Product Name: FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN
Ports
Home or Business Product: Business
Language: English
Publication Part Number: 202-10085-01

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Contents
Chapter 1
About This Manual
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats ................................................................1-1
How to Use This Manual ................................................................................................1-2
How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................1-3
Chapter 2
Introduction
Key Features of the VPN Firewall ..................................................................................2-1
Dual WAN Ports for Increased Reliability or Outbound Load Balancing ..................2-2
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering ......................................................2-2
Security ....................................................................................................................2-3
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink ...............................................2-3
Extensive Protocol Support ......................................................................................2-4
Easy Installation and Management ..........................................................................2-4
Maintenance and Support ........................................................................................2-5
Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-5
The Router’s Front Panel .........................................................................................2-6
The Router’s Rear Panel .........................................................................................2-7
The Router’s IP Address, Login Name, and Password ............................................2-8
Logging into the Router ............................................................................................2-9
Default Factory Settings .........................................................................................2-10
NETGEAR Related Products ........................................................................................2-11
Chapter 3
Network Planning
Overview of the Planning Process ..................................................................................3-1
Inbound Traffic .........................................................................................................3-1
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) ..............................................................................3-1
The Rollover Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports ............................................3-2
The Load Balancing Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports ................................3-2

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Inbound Traffic ................................................................................................................3-3
Inbound Traffic to Single WAN Port (Reference Case) ............................................3-3
Inbound Traffic to Dual WAN Port Systems .............................................................3-3
Inbound Traffic: Dual WAN Ports for Improved Reliability .................................3-4
Inbound Traffic: Dual WAN Ports for Load Balancing ........................................3-4
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) .....................................................................................3-5
VPN Road Warrior (Client-to-Gateway) ...................................................................3-6
VPN Road Warrior: Single Gateway WAN Port (Reference Case) ....................3-6
VPN Road Warrior: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability ............3-7
VPN Road Warrior: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing ...................3-8
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway .......................................................................................3-9
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway: Single Gateway WAN Ports (Reference Case) .....3-9
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability 3-10
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing ....3-11
VPN Telecommuter (Client-to-Gateway Through a NAT Router) ...........................3-12
VPN Telecommuter: Single Gateway WAN Port (Reference Case) ................3-12
VPN Telecommuter: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability .........3-13
VPN Telecommuter: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing ...............3-14
Chapter 4
Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet
What You Will Need to Do Before You Begin .................................................................4-1
Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements .....................................................4-3
Computer Network Configuration Requirements .....................................................4-3
Internet Configuration Requirements .......................................................................4-4
Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters? .........................................4-4
Record Your Internet Connection Information ..........................................................4-5
Connecting the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports
4-6 Step 1: Physically Connect the VPN Firewall to Your Network (Required) ..............4-7
Step 2: Log in to the VPN Firewall (Required) .........................................................4-7
Step 3: Configure the Internet Connections to Your ISPs (Required) ......................4-8
Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection ..............................................4-12
Programming the Traffic Meter (if Desired) .....................................................4-13
Step 4: Configure the WAN Mode (Required for Dual WAN) .................................4-15
Rollover Setup .................................................................................................4-16

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Load Balancing (and Protocol Binding) Setup .................................................4-17
Step 5: Configure Dynamic DNS (If Needed) .........................................................4-20
Step 6: Configure the WAN Options (If Needed) ....................................................4-23
Chapter 5
LAN Configuration
Using the LAN IP Setup Options ....................................................................................5-1
Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters ............................................................5-2
Using the Firewall as a DHCP server .......................................................................5-4
Using Address Reservation ......................................................................................5-5
Multi Home LAN IPs .................................................................................................5-6
Configuring Static Routes ...............................................................................................5-6
Chapter 6
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview ........................................................6-1
Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic ..................................................6-1
Services-Based Rules ..............................................................................................6-4
Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding) ......................................................................6-5
Outbound Rules (Service Blocking) .................................................................6-12
Customized Services .......................................................................................6-16
Quality of Service (QoS) Priorities ...................................................................6-18
Managing Groups and Hosts .................................................................................6-20
Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic ...............................................6-22
Time Zone ..............................................................................................................6-24
Block Sites ....................................................................................................................6-24
Source MAC Filtering ...................................................................................................6-27
Port Triggering ..............................................................................................................6-28
Getting E-Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts ..................................................6-30
Syslog ....................................................................................................................6-33
Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access ......................................6-33
Administrator Information .............................................................................................6-35
Chapter 7
Virtual Private Networking
Dual WAN Port Systems .................................................................................................7-1
Rollover vs. Load Balancing Mode ...........................................................................7-1
Fully Qualified Domain Names .................................................................................7-2

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Creating a VPN Connection: Between FVX538 and FVS124G ......................................7-5
Configuring the FVX538 ...........................................................................................7-5
Configuring the FVS124G ........................................................................................7-9
Testing the Connection ...........................................................................................7-11
Creating a VPN Connection: Netgear VPN Client to FVS124G ...................................7-11
Configuring the FVS124G ......................................................................................7-12
Configuring the VPN Client ....................................................................................7-12
Testing the Connection ...........................................................................................7-20
Chapter 8
Router and Network Management
Performance Management .............................................................................................8-1
Bandwidth Capacity .................................................................................................8-1
VPN Firewall Features That Reduce Traffic .............................................................8-2
Service Blocking ................................................................................................8-2
Block Sites .........................................................................................................8-4
Source MAC Filtering ........................................................................................8-4
VPN Firewall Features That Increase Traffic ...........................................................8-4
Port Forwarding .................................................................................................8-5
Port Triggering ...................................................................................................8-6
VPN Tunnels ......................................................................................................8-7
Using QoS to Shift the Traffic Mix ............................................................................8-7
Tools for Traffic Management ...................................................................................8-7
Administrator and Guest Access Authorization ..............................................................8-8
Changing the Passwords and Login Timeout ..........................................................8-8
Enabling Remote Management Access ...................................................................8-9
Command Line Interface ........................................................................................8-10
Event Alerts ..................................................................................................................8-11
WAN Port Rollover .................................................................................................8-11
Traffic Limits Reached ............................................................................................8-11
Login Failures and Attacks .....................................................................................8-12
Monitoring .....................................................................................................................8-14
Viewing VPN Firewall Status and Time Information ...............................................8-14
Firewall Status .................................................................................................8-14
Time Information ..............................................................................................8-16
WAN Ports ..............................................................................................................8-18

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WAN Port Connection Status ...........................................................................8-18
Dynamic DNS Status .......................................................................................8-19
Internet Traffic Information ...............................................................................8-19
LAN Ports and Attached Devices ...........................................................................8-20
Known PCs and Devices .................................................................................8-20
DHCP Log .......................................................................................................8-22
Port Triggering Status ......................................................................................8-22
Firewall ...................................................................................................................8-23
VPN Tunnels ..........................................................................................................8-26
SNMP .....................................................................................................................8-27
Diagnostics .............................................................................................................8-27
Configuration File Management ...................................................................................8-29
Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration .........................................................8-30
Upgrading the Firewall Software ............................................................................8-30
Erasing the Configuration (Factory Defaults Reset) ...............................................8-31
Chapter 9
Troubleshooting
Basic Functioning ...........................................................................................................9-1
Power LED Not On ...................................................................................................9-1
LEDs Never Turn Off ................................................................................................9-2
LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On ...........................................................................9-2
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface ..........................................................9-3
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection ..............................................................................9-4
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility .................................................9-5
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall ......................................................................9-5
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ................................................9-6
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ........................................................9-7
Problems with Date and Time .........................................................................................9-7
Appendix A
Technical Specifications
Appendix B
Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics
Related Publications ...................................................................................................... B-1
Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................. B-1
What is a Router? ................................................................................................... B-2

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Routing Information Protocol ................................................................................... B-2
IP Addresses and the Internet ....................................................................................... B-2
Netmask .................................................................................................................. B-4
Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................. B-5
Private IP Addresses ............................................................................................... B-7
Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ....................................................................... B-8
MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................. B-9
Related Documents ................................................................................................. B-9
Domain Name Server ............................................................................................ B-10
IP Configuration by DHCP ........................................................................................... B-10
Internet Security and Firewalls .................................................................................... B-10
What is a Firewall? .................................................................................................B-11
Stateful Packet Inspection ...............................................................................B-11
Denial of Service Attack ..................................................................................B-11
Ethernet Cabling ...........................................................................................................B-11
Category 5 Cable Quality ...................................................................................... B-12
Inside Twisted Pair Cables .................................................................................... B-13
Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching ............................ B-14
Appendix C
Preparing Your Network
Preparing Your Computers for TCP/IP Networking .......................................................C-1
Configuring Windows 95, 98, and Me for TCP/IP Networking .......................................C-2
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components .................................................C-2
Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings .................................C-4
Selecting Windows’ Internet Access Method ..........................................................C-6
Verifying TCP/IP Properties ....................................................................................C-6
Configuring Windows NT4, 2000 or XP for IP Networking ............................................C-7
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components .................................................C-7
Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings .................................C-8
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP .....................................................C-8
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 2000 ................................................C-10
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4 ..................................................C-13
Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4 ..............................C-15
Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking ......................................................C-16
MacOS 8.6 or 9.x ..................................................................................................C-16

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MacOS X ...............................................................................................................C-16
Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers .........................................C-17
Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account .......................................................C-18
Are Login Protocols Used? ...................................................................................C-18
What Is Your Configuration Information? ..............................................................C-18
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers .......................C-19
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers .....................C-20
Restarting the Network ................................................................................................C-21
Appendix D
Virtual Private Networking
What is a VPN? .............................................................................................................D-1
What Is IPSec and How Does It Work? .........................................................................D-2
IPSec Security Features .........................................................................................D-2
IPSec Components .................................................................................................D-2
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) ...................................................................D-3
Authentication Header (AH) ....................................................................................D-4
IKE Security Association .........................................................................................D-4
Mode .................................................................................................................D-5
Key Management ....................................................................................................D-6
Understand the Process Before You Begin ...................................................................D-6
VPN Process Overview .................................................................................................D-7
Network Interfaces and Addresses .........................................................................D-7
Interface Addressing .........................................................................................D-7
Firewalls ...........................................................................................................D-8
Setting Up a VPN Tunnel Between Gateways ........................................................D-8
VPNC IKE Security Parameters ..................................................................................D-10
VPNC IKE Phase I Parameters .............................................................................D-10
VPNC IKE Phase II Parameters ............................................................................ D-11
Testing and Troubleshooting ........................................................................................ D-11
Additional Reading ...................................................................................................... D-11
Glossary
List of Glossary Terms ........................................................................................Glossary-1
Numeric ..............................................................................................................Glossary-1
A .........................................................................................................................Glossary-2
B .........................................................................................................................Glossary-2

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C .........................................................................................................................Glossary-3
D .........................................................................................................................Glossary-3
E .........................................................................................................................Glossary-4
G .........................................................................................................................Glossary-5
I ...........................................................................................................................Glossary-5
L ..........................................................................................................................Glossary-6
M .........................................................................................................................Glossary-7
P .........................................................................................................................Glossary-8
Q .........................................................................................................................Glossary-9
R .........................................................................................................................Glossary-9
S .........................................................................................................................Glossary-9
T .......................................................................................................................Glossary-10
U .......................................................................................................................Glossary-10
W ......................................................................................................................Glossary-10

About This Manual 1-1
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Chapter 1
About This Manual
This chapter describes the intended audience, scope, conventions, and formats of this manual.
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats
This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet
skills. However, basic computer network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technologies tutorial
information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear website.
This guide uses the following typographical conventions:
This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:
This manual is written for the FVS124G VPN Firewall according to these specifications.:
Table 1-1. Typographical Conventions
italics Emphasis, books, CDs, URL names
bold User input
fixed Screen text, file and server names, extensions, commands, IP addresses
Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.
Table 1-2. Manual Scope
Product Version FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN
Ports
Manual Publication Date March 2005
Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR, Inc. Web site at
http://kbserver.netgear.com/products/FVS124G.asp.

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How to Use This Manual
The HTML version of this manual includes the following:
• Buttons, and , for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page
at a time
• A button that displays the table of contents and an button. Double-click on a
link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the
manual.
• A button to access the full NETGEAR, Inc. online knowledge base for the
product model.
• Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters.

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Introduction 2-1
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Chapter 2
Introduction
This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4
Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports.
Key Features of the VPN Firewall
The FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports with 4 port
switch connects your local area network (LAN) to the Internet through an external access device
such as a cable modem or DSL modem.
The FVS124G is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and
intrusions. Unlike simple Internet sharing firewalls that rely on Network Address Translation for
security, the FVS124G uses Stateful Packet Inspection for Denial of Service (DoS) attack
protection and intrusion detection. The FVS124G VPN Firewall provides you with multiple Web
content filtering options, plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts -- both via e-mail.
Network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time-of-day, Website
addresses and address keywords.
With minimum setup, you can install and use the firewall within minutes.
The FVS124G VPN Firewall provides the following features:
• 2 10/100 Mbps ports for an Ethernet connection to a WAN device, such as a cable modem or
DSL modem.
• Dual WAN ports provide for increased system reliability and provide load balancing.
• Support for up to 10 VPN tunnels.
• Easy, web-based setup for installation and management.
• URL keyword Content Filtering and Site Blocking Security.
• Quality of Service (QoS) support for traffic prioritization.
• Built in 4-port 10/100/1000 Mbps switch.
• Extensive Protocol Support.
• Login capability.

Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports
2-2 Introduction
202-10085-01, March 2005
• Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity.
• Flash memory for firmware upgrade.
Dual WAN Ports for Increased Reliability or Outbound Load
Balancing
The FVS124G VPN Firewall has two broadband WAN ports, WAN1 and WAN2, each capable of
operating independently at speeds of either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps. The two WAN ports let you
connect a second broadband Internet line that can be configured on a mutually-exclusive basis to:
• Provide backup and rollover if one line is inoperable, ensuring you are never disconnected.
• Load balance, or use both Internet lines simultaneously for the outgoing traffic. The firewall
balances users between the two lines for maximum bandwidth efficiency.
See “Network Planning” on page 3-1 for the planning factors to consider when implementing the
following capabilities with dual WAN port gateways:
• Inbound traffic (e.g., port forwarding, port triggering)
• Virtual private networks
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering
Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers, the FVS124G is a true firewall, using stateful packet
inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include:
• DoS protection.
Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN Flood, LAND
Attack, and IP Spoofing.
• Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN.
• Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off-limits.
• Logs security incidents.
The FVS124G will log security events such as blocked incoming traffic, port scans, attacks,
and administrator logins. You can configure the firewall to email the log to you at specified
intervals. You can also configure the firewall to send immediate alert messages to your email
address or email pager whenever a significant event occurs.