Netopia 435 User manual

Netopia

ISDN Router
Reference Guide
Fon arall 
Farallon Communications, Inc.

Copyright notice
Copyright © 1997 Farallon Communications, Inc. v.297
All rights reserved.
This manual and any associated artwork, software, and product designs are
copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws this manual, artwork,
software, and product designs may not be copied, in whole or part, without the
written consent of Farallon Communications. Under the law, copying includes
translation to another language or format.
Farallon Communications, Inc.
2470 Mariner Square Loop
Alameda, CA 94501-1010
U.S.A.
Patents
EtherWave technology contained in the Netopia ISDN Router is covered by U.S.
Patent Number 5,414,708. PhoneNET technology contained in the Netopia Internet
Router is covered by U.S. Patent Numbers 4,901,342 and 5,003,579. Other U.S.
and international patents are pending.
Trademarks
Netopia, EtherWave, EtherMac, PhoneNET, Timbuktu, Farallon, and the Farallon logo
design are trademarks of Farallon Communications, Inc.
All other product names are the trademarks of their respective owners.
Part number
This reference guide is Farallon part number 6160001-00-02.

iii
Contents
G
B
Chapter 1 — Introduction.......................................................1-1
How to use this guide............................................................. 1-2
Netopia models................................................................... 1-3
Connecting to the Advanced Configuration screens................... 1-4
Connecting a modem to the PC Card port ............................. 1-4
Navigating through the Advanced Configuration screens............ 1-6
Keyboard navigation............................................................ 1-8
Chapter 2 — Configuring ISDN Connections............................2-1
WAN setup............................................................................. 2-2
ISDN line configuration ........................................................ 2-2
Connection profiles ............................................................. 2-7
Answering calls.................................................................... 2-26
How the answer profile works............................................. 2-26
Configuring profiles for incoming calls................................. 2-30
Call acceptance scenarios................................................. 2-31
WAN IP Address Serving ....................................................... 2-33
Scheduled connections......................................................... 2-34
Manually establishing connections ........................................ 2-40
Manually disconnecting connections...................................... 2-41
Chapter 3 — Connecting Your Local Network..........................3-1
Readying computers on your local network............................... 3-2
Connecting to a LocalTalk network—for 400 series models....... 3-3
Connecting to an Ethernet network.......................................... 3-4
EtherWave .......................................................................... 3-5
10Base-T............................................................................ 3-7
Thick and Thin Ethernet....................................................... 3-8

iv Netopia ISDN Router Reference Guide
Chapter 4 — IP Setup............................................................4-1
Key Features of IP Network Address Translation (NAT)............ 4-2
Using NAT.............................................................................. 4-2
Associating port numbers to nodes ......................................... 4-4
NAT guidelines.................................................................... 4-5
IP setup................................................................................. 4-6
Static routes..................................................................... 4-13
IP address serving ............................................................... 4-18
MacIP (Kip Forwarding) Options.......................................... 4-25
Chapter 5 — IPX Setup..........................................................5-1
IPX Definitions ....................................................................... 5-1
IPX setup............................................................................ 5-4
IPX in connection profiles........................................................ 5-7
IPX in the answer profile .................................................... 5-10
IPX filters............................................................................. 5-11
IPX packet filters............................................................... 5-13
IPX packet filter sets ......................................................... 5-15
IPX SAP filters................................................................... 5-17
IPX SAP filter sets ............................................................. 5-19
IPX routing tables................................................................. 5-22
Chapter 6 — AppleTalk Setup.................................................6-1
AppleTalk setup...................................................................... 6-1
AppleTalk Networks ............................................................. 6-1
AppleTalk Setup for Small Office Models............................... 6-5
AppleTalk Setup for Corporate Models .................................. 6-9
LocalTalk .......................................................................... 6-11
AURP setup ...................................................................... 6-13
MacIP Setup..................................................................... 6-19

Contents v
G
B
Chapter 7 — Security ............................................................7-1
Suggested security measures ................................................. 7-2
User accounts........................................................................ 7-2
Telnet access......................................................................... 7-5
Calling number authentication (CNA)........................................ 7-6
Enabling CNA...................................................................... 7-7
Configuring a connection profile for CNA................................ 7-7
About filters and filter sets...................................................... 7-9
What’s a filter and what’s a filter set?................................... 7-9
How filter sets work............................................................. 7-9
How individual filters work.................................................. 7-12
Design guidelines.............................................................. 7-18
Working with IP filters and filter sets...................................... 7-19
Adding a filter set.............................................................. 7-20
Viewing filter sets.............................................................. 7-26
Modifying filter sets........................................................... 7-26
Deleting a filter set............................................................ 7-27
A sample IP filter set......................................................... 7-27
Chapter 8 — Telephone Services............................................8-1
Telephone Setup Services (POTS)............................................ 8-1
Telephone Connections........................................................ 8-2
Priority Ringing.................................................................... 8-5

vi Netopia ISDN Router Reference Guide
Chapter 9 — Monitoring Tools................................................9-1
Status overview ..................................................................... 9-1
Statistics............................................................................... 9-4
General Statistics ............................................................... 9-5
Event Histories ................................................................... 9-7
Routing Tables .................................................................. 9-10
SNMP.................................................................................. 9-14
sysObjectID and sysDescr.................................................. 9-14
The SNMP Setup screen.................................................... 9-16
SNMP traps...................................................................... 9-17
Setting the IP trap receivers............................................... 9-18
Chapter 10 — Utilities and Tests..........................................10-1
Setting the system date and time.......................................... 10-1
Resetting the system............................................................ 10-2
The ISDN loopback test........................................................ 10-3
Ping .................................................................................... 10-5
Console configuration........................................................... 10-9
XMODEM........................................................................ 10-10
Updating firmware........................................................... 10-13
Downloading configuration files ........................................ 10-14
Transferring configuration and firmware files with TFTP.......... 10-16
To update Netopia’s firmware........................................... 10-17
To download a configuration file........................................ 10-18
To upload a configuration file............................................ 10-19
Appendix A — Troubleshooting...............................................A-1
Console connection problems .............................................. A-1
ISDN problems.................................................................... A-2
Network problems............................................................... A-4
Configuration problems........................................................ A-5
Internal termination switch...................................................... A-5
Technical support................................................................... A-6
How to reach us.................................................................. A-7

Contents vii
G
B
Appendix B — Date and Time Formats....................................B-1
Appendix C — Understanding IP Addressing ...........................C-1
What is IP?............................................................................ C-1
About IP addressing ............................................................... C-2
Subnets and subnet masks ................................................. C-3
Example: Using subnets on a Class C IP internet................... C-5
Example: Working with a Class C subnet............................... C-8
Distributing IP addresses........................................................ C-9
Manually distributing IP addresses ..................................... C-10
Using address serving....................................................... C-10
Tips and rules for distributing IP addresses......................... C-11
Nested IP subnets................................................................ C-12
Broadcasts.......................................................................... C-16
Packet header types.......................................................... C-16
Appendix D — ISDN Configuration Guide.................................D-1
Definitions............................................................................. D-1
About SPIDs .......................................................................... D-2
Example SPIDs ................................................................... D-3
Second directory number........................................................ D-3
Switch-specific uses............................................................ D-3
Backup number................................................................... D-4
Dynamic B-channel usage....................................................... D-4
Other incoming call restrictions............................................ D-5
Appendix E — ISDN Events ....................................................E-1
ISDN event cause codes...................................................... E-3
Appendix F — Further Reading...............................................F-1
Glossary...............................................................................GL-1
Index ....................................................................................IN-1
Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies

1-1
ETHE
RNET
ISDN
Receive
Link
Receive
Link
Transmit
Collision
AUI
Ready
Traffic
Traffic
Go
Go
Traffic
B1 DB2
PC card
Power
Chapter 1
Introduction
Your Netopia ISDN Router offers Advanced Configuration features in
addition to the Easy Setup features. The advanced feature screens
are accessed through the Main Menu of the Router’s console
configuration screen. This Reference Guide documents the advanced
features, including advanced testing, security, monitoring, and
configuration features. This Reference Guide should be used as a
companion to the Easy Setup configuration instructions in the Netopia
ISDN Router Getting Started guide. You should read the Getting
Started guide before reading this Reference Guide .
This chapter introduces the Reference Guide and tells you how to use
it efficiently. You will also learn about different methods of accessing
the configuration screens. Finally, you will learn how to locate and go
to particular configuration screens.

1-2 Netopia ISDN Router Reference Guide
How to use this guide
This guide is organized into chapters describing each of the Netopia
ISDN Router’s advanced features. You may want to read each
chapter’s introductory section to familiarize yourself with the various
features available.
You can also use this summary to locate relevant sections:
■
To configure ISDN setup parameters such as Switch Type, SPIDs,
and Directory Numbers, see “ISDN Line Configuration” on
page 2-3.
■
To add or modify connection profiles, see “Adding a connection
profile” on page 2-9.
■
To configure the answer profile, see “Configuring profiles for
incoming calls.” on page 2-30.
■
To put the advanced configuration changes into effect, “Resetting
the system” on page 10-2.
■
To manually establish a connection with an existing connection
profile, see “Manually initiating a connection” on page 2-40.
400 Netopia series
models
■
To use the AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol (AURP), see
“AURP setup” on page 6-13.
■
To schedule regular or one-time connections, see “Scheduled
connections” on page 2-34.
■
To configure dynamic IP address service (DHCP, MacIP, or
BOOTP), see “IP address serving” on page 4-18.
■
For testing network connections, see “The ISDN loopback test”
on page 10-3 to test the ISDN line, and “Ping” on page 10-5 to
test connections to IP hosts.
■
For IP filters, see “About filters and filter sets” on page 7-9 and
“Working with IP filters and filter sets” on page 7-19.
■
To transfer firmware and configuration files, see “Transferring
configuration and firmware files with TFTP” on page 10-16 or
“XMODEM” on page 10-10.

Introduction 1-3
Use the guide’s table of contents and index to locate sections on
other topics.
The appendices of this guide offer helpful information, such as trou-
bleshooting tips and a technical support guide.
Netopia models
This Reference Guide covers all of the Netopia ISDN Router models.
However some information in this guide will only apply to a specific
model.
For certain models only Throughout this Reference Guide , you will see alerts to the left of
information that applies to only certain Netopia models.
The models are divided into two groups, Small Office and Corporate .
Small Office models include the PN430 S/T, 435, 630, and 635.
Corporate models include the PN440, 450, 455, and 640.
The models are also divided into North American and Non-North
American .
Among the Small Office and Corporate models, the 400 series models
offer AppleTalk service.
The AppleTalk models are PC and Mac compatible. However the 600
series models are for PCs only.
The Netopia ISDN Router’s model number is on the label on the unit’s
bottom side.
See the Netopia ISDN Router’s Release Notes for more information,
or call Farallon Customer Service.
Screen differences
Because different Netopia ISDN Router models offer different
features, the options shown on some screens in this Reference Guide
may not appear on your own particular Netopia ISDN Router’s console
screen.

1-4 Netopia ISDN Router Reference Guide
Examples include:
■
ISDN Line Configuration screen: Non-North American Netopia
models do not display SPID fields.
■
Connection Profile screen: only the Small Office models display
the Address Translation Enabled field (NAT).
■
AppleTalk Advanced Configuration screen: only Small Office
models with AppleTalk display AURP Partner Address or Name ,
Initiate Connection , Accept AURP Connections from , and Tickle
Interval fields.
Connecting to the Advanced Configuration screens
There are three ways to connect to the Netopia ISDN Router’s
configuration screens:
■
Through the console port, using a local terminal (see the Getting
Started guide)
■
Using Telnet with the Router’s Ethernet port IP address (cannot
be used for initial configuration)
■
Over analog phone lines using a modem and terminal emulation
software (see “Connecting a modem to the PC Card port,” below)
You can also retrieve the Netopia ISDN Router’s configuration
information and remotely set its parameters using the Simple Network
Management Protocol (see “SNMP” on page 9-14).
Connecting a modem to the PC Card port
The Netopia ISDN Router has a PC Card port (also known as a
PCMCIA card port) for attaching a PC Card Type II modem. The port
has two Type II slots and is located on the router’s left side behind a
pull-down cover.

Introduction 1-5
You may want to attach a PC Card modem to the Netopia ISDN Router
to remotely configure it or to upgrade its firmware (see “To update
Netopia’s firmware” on page 10-17.)
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions when unpacking and preparing
to use the PC Card modem. A telephone cable should be included with
your modem. One end of the cable connects to your modem, while the
other end (RJ-11) connects to an analog telephone line wall socket
( not an ISDN line)
.
PC Card
(PCMCIA)

1-6 Netopia ISDN Router Reference Guide
To attach the modem to the Netopia ISDN Router, pull down the door
that covers its PC Card slots and insert the modem. You can use
either slot.
Inserting a PC Card (PCMCIA) modem into the exposed PC Card slot.
Navigating through the Advanced Configuration screens
To help you find your way to particular screens, some sections in this
guide begin with a graphical path guide similar to the following
example:
This particular path guide shows how to get to the WAN Setup
screens. The path guide represents these steps:
1. Beginning in the Main Menu, select the Advanced Configuration
item and press Return.
Main
Menu Advanced
Config. WAN
Setup • ISDN Line Config.
• Connection Profiles
• Answer Profile

Introduction 1-7
2. Select the WAN Setup item in the Advanced Configuration screen
and press Return.
3. Select the ISDN Line Configuration , Connection Profiles , or
Answer Profile item in the WAN Setup screen and press Return.
To go back in this sequence of screens, use the Escape key.

1-8 Netopia ISDN Router Reference Guide
Keyboard navigation
Use your keyboard to navigate the Netopia ISDN Router’s
configuration screens, enter and edit information, and make choices.
The following table lists the navigation keys.
To... Use These Keys...
Move through selectable items in a
screen or pop-up menu Up, Down, Left, and Right Arrow
Execute action of a selected item or
open a pop-up menu of options for a
selected item
Return or Enter
Change a toggle value
(Yes/No, On/Off) Tab
Restore an entry or toggle value to
its previous value Esc
Move one item up Ctrl + K
Move one item down Ctrl + J
Dump the device event log Ctrl + E
Dump the ISDN event log Ctrl + F
Refresh the screen Ctrl + L
Go to topmost selectable item <
Go to bottom right selectable item >

2-1
Chapter 2
Configuring ISDN Connections
This chapter shows you how to configure the Netopia ISDN Router to
make and receive network connections over its ISDN line, and how
to control those connections. There are five main sections:
■
“WAN setup,” beginning on page 2-2 shows you how to
configure your ISDN line and set up profiles for outgoing and
incoming calls.
■
“Answering calls,” beginning on page 2-26, shows you how to
set up an answer profile for incoming calls.
■
“WAN IP Address Serving,” beginning on page 2-33, discusses
how to configure the router to allocate an IP address to callers
from an address pool.
■
“Scheduled connections,” beginning on page 2-34 shows you
how to control the dates and times when connection profiles
can be used.
■
“Manually establishing connections,” beginning on page 2-40
and “Manually disconnecting connections,” beginning on
page 2-41 show you how to manually establish and disconnect
connections.

2-2 Netopia ISDN Router Reference Guide
WAN setup
The WAN Setup screen has three subscreens, each involving a
different aspect of using the ISDN line to control connections to
remote IP or IPX networks.
Note: If you have completed Easy Setup (see the
Getting Started
guide), you will see the information you have already entered appear
in some of the WAN Setup subscreens.
To go to the WAN Setup screen, select WAN Setup in the Advanced
Configuration screen.
WAN Setup
ISDN Line Configuration...
Connection Profiles...
Default Answer Profile...
Return/Enter to configure Switch Type, SPIDs, and Directory Numbers.
From here you will configure yours and the remote sites' WAN
information.
ISDN line configuration
Enter the information provided by your ISDN service provider in the
ISDN Line Configuration screen.
To go to the ISDN Line Configuration screen, select ISDN Line
Configuration in the WAN Setup screen.
Main
Menu Advanced
Config. WAN
Setup • ISDN Line Config.
• Connection Profiles
• Default Answer Profile

Configuring ISDN Connections 2-3
Note: If your ISDN Line Configuration screen contains items that
are not discussed in this section, such as SPIDs, see Appendix D,
“ISDN Configuration Guide.”
North American models ISDN Line Configuration
+------------------------+
+------------------------+
Switch Type... | National ISDN-1 (NI-1) |
| AT&T 5ESS Pt-to-Pt |
SPID 1: | AT&T 5ESS Multipoint |
SPID 2: | Nortel DMS100 Custom |
+------------------------+
Directory Number 1:
Directory Number 2:
■Select the Switch Type pop-up menu. The Switch Type pop-up
menu contains a list of North American specific switch
protocols. Each item in the list shows the associated switch
type and protocol. Choose the type of switch protocol your
telephone company uses.
Note: The switch type determines whether or not the SPID
fields will appear. On an AT&T point-to-point link, no SPID fields
will apprear.
National ISDN-1 (NI-1) can be used on an AT&T as well as a
Nortel DMS-100 Custom.

2-4 Netopia ISDN Router Reference Guide
The selection you make determines the date and time format used
by the Netopia ISDN Router. Generally, the date and time format
used will be appropriate for your country. For more information, see
Appendix B, “Date and Time Formats.”
■Select SPID 1 enter the primary SPID number exactly as
provided by the telephone company, and press the Return key.
If you did not receive a SPID (AT&T 5ESS custom point-to-point
switches have no SPID), skip this step.
If you have a second SPID, select SPID 2. Enter the secondary
SPID number and press the Return key.
Note: Note: If you experience problems related to using SPIDs,
also review Appendix A, “Troubleshooting.”
■Select Directory Number 1, enter the primary directory number,
and press the Return key. Enter the number just as you would
dial it, including any required prefixes (such as area, access,
and long distance dialing codes).
■If you have a second directory number, select Directory
Number 2. Enter the secondary directory number and press the
Return key. Enter the number just as you would dial it, including
any required prefixes (such as area, access, and long distance
dialing codes).
Note: In order for the changes that you have entered in the
ISDN Line Configuration screen to take effect, you must reset
the Netopia ISDN Router. Press the escape key to return to the
Main Menu. Select Statistics, Utilities, Tests and then select
Reset System.

Configuring ISDN Connections 2-5
Non-North American
models ISDN Line Configuration
Switch Type... Generic - EuroISDN
Directory Number 1:
Directory Number 2:
■Select the Switch Type pop-up menu. The Switch Type pop-up
menu contains a list of country-specific switch protocols. Each
item in the list shows the name of a country (or region) and an
associated switch protocol. If the default selection corresponds
to the country in which the Netopia ISDN router is being
installed, do not change it. Otherwise, choose the type of
switch protocol your telephone company uses. The Generic -
EuroISDN protocol may be appropriate for countries not
appearing in the list.
Note: If the Netopia ISDN Router is being installed in Germany
or North America (the United States and Canada), make sure
that the correct protocol is selected. The Switch Type pop-up
menu contains more than one choice for Germany. Choose
Germany - EuroISDN unless your ISDN service provider advises
you to use the Germany - 1TR6 protocol.
The selection you make determines the date and time formats
used by the Netopia ISDN Router. Generally, the date and time
format used will be appropriate for your country. For more
information, see Appendix B, “Date and Time Formats.”