Heat pump function
An exhaust air heat pump makes use of the heat in the building's ventila-
tion air to heat up the accommodation. The conversion of the ventilation
air's energy to accommodation heating is done in three different circuits.
From the outgoing ventilation air (1), free heating energy is retrieved from
the accommodation and transported to the heat pump. The heat pump
increases the retrieved heat's low temperature to a high temperature in
the refrigerant circuit, (2). The heat is distributed around the building in
the heating medium circuit (3).
Ventilation air
The hot air is transferred from the rooms to the heat pump via the house
ventilation system.
A
The fan then routes the air to the heat pump’s evaporator. Here, the air
releases the heating energy and the air's temperature drops significantly.
The cold air is then blown out of the house.
B
Refrigerant circuit
A liquid, a refrigerant, circulates in a closed system in the heat pump which
also passes the evaporator. The refrigerant has a very low boiling point. In
the evaporator the refrigerant receives the heat energy from the ventilation
air and starts to boil.
C
The gas that is produced during boiling is routed into an electrically
powered compressor. When the gas is compressed, the pressure increases
and the gas's temperature increases considerably, from -5°C to approx.
100 °C.
D
From the compressor, the gas is forced into a heat exchanger, condenser,
where it releases heat energy to the heat pump’s heating section,
whereupon the gas is cooled and condenses to liquid form again.
E
As the pressure is still high, the refrigerant can pass an expansion valve,
where the pressure drops so that the refrigerant returns to its original
temperature. The refrigerant has now completed a full cycle. It is routed
to the evaporator again and the process is repeated.
F
Heat medium circuit
The heat energy that the refrigerant produces in the condenser is retrieved
by the climate system's water, heating medium, which is heated to 55 °C
(supply temperature).
G
The heating medium circulates in aclosed system and transports the heated
water's heat energy to the heat pump's integrated hot water heater and
the radiators/heating coils of the house.
H
The temperatures are only examples and may vary between different installations and
time of year.
9NIBE F730Chapter 2 | The heat pump – the heart of the house