Outback Power Systems GS7048E User manual

Radian Series Inverter/Charger
GS7048E
GS3548E
Operator’s Manual

About OutBack Power Technologies
OutBack Power Technologies is a leader in advanced energy conversion technology. OutBack products include true sine
wave inverter/chargers, maximum power point tracking charge controllers, and system communication components, as well
as circuit breakers, batteries, accessories, and assembled systems.
Grid/Hybrid™
As a leader in off-grid energy systems designed around energy storage, OutBack Power is an innovator in Grid/Hybrid system
technology, providing the best of both worlds: grid-tied system savings during normal or daylight operation, and off-grid
independence during peak energy times or in the event of a power outage or an emergency. Grid/Hybrid systems have the
intelligence, agility and interoperability to operate in multiple energy modes quickly, efficiently, and seamlessly, in order to
deliver clean, continuous and reliable power to residential and commercial users while maintaining grid stability.
Contact Information
Address:
Corporate Headquarters
17825 – 59th Avenue N.E.
Suite B
Arlington, WA 98223 USA
European Office
Hansastrasse 8
D-91126
Schwabach, Germany
Telephone:
+1.360.435.6030
+1.360.618.4363 (Technical Support)
+1.360.435.6019 (Fax)
+49.9122.79889.0
+49.9122.79889.21 (Fax)
Email:
[e-mail]
Website:
http://www.outbackpower.com
Disclaimer
UNLESS SPECIFICALLY AGREED TO IN WRITING, OUTBACK POWER TECHNOLOGIES:
(a) MAKES NO WARRANTY AS TO THE ACCURACY, SUFFICIENCY OR SUITABILITY OF ANY TECHNICAL OR OTHER
INFORMATION PROVIDED IN ITS MANUALS OR OTHER DOCUMENTATION.
(b) ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR LOSS OR DAMAGE, WHETHER DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR
INCIDENTAL, WHICH MIGHT ARISE OUT OF THE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION. THE USE OF ANY SUCH INFORMATION WILL BE
ENTIRELY AT THE USER’S RISK.
OutBack Power Technologies cannot be responsible for system failure, damages, or injury resulting from improper
installation of their products.
Information included in this manual is subject to change without notice.
Notice of Copyright
Radian Series Inverter/Charger Operator’s Manual © 2014 by OutBack Power Technologies. All Rights Reserved.
Trademarks
OutBack Power, the OutBack Power logo, FLEXpower ONE, and Grid/Hybrid are trademarks owned and used by OutBack
Power Technologies, Inc. The ALPHA logo and the phrase “member of the Alpha Group” are trademarks owned and used by
Alpha Technologies Inc. These trademarks may be registered in the United States and other countries.
Date and Revision
February 2014, Revision A (firmware revision 001.005.xxx)
Part Number
900-0145-01-01 Rev A

900-0145-01-01 Rev A 1
Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................5
Audience .................................................................................................................................................................................5
Symbols Used ........................................................................................................................................................................5
General Safety .......................................................................................................................................................................5
Welcome to OutBack Power Technologies.................................................................................................................6
Inverter Functions................................................................................................................................................................6
GS7048E ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
GS3548E ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Inverter Controls...................................................................................................................................................................8
On/Off Switch......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
MATE3 System Display and Controller......................................................................................................................................... 8
Commissioning ............................................................................................9
Functional Test......................................................................................................................................................................9
Pre-startup Procedures....................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Startup ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Powering Down...................................................................................................................................................................................11
Adding New Devices .........................................................................................................................................................................11
Firmware Updates ..............................................................................................................................................................................12
Operation ..................................................................................................13
Inverter Functionality ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
Description of AC Input Modes.................................................................................................................................... 13
Generator...............................................................................................................................................................................................14
Support...................................................................................................................................................................................................14
Grid Tied .................................................................................................................................................................................................15
UPS ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................17
Backup ....................................................................................................................................................................................................18
Mini Grid.................................................................................................................................................................................................18
Grid Zero ................................................................................................................................................................................................19
Description of Inverter Operations ............................................................................................................................. 22
Inverting.................................................................................................................................................................................................22
DC and AC Voltages ....................................................................................................................................................................................22
AC Frequency................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23
Search ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Input ........................................................................................................................................................................................................24
AC Current Settings..................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
AC Source Acceptance ...............................................................................................................................................................................25
Generator Input............................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
Transfer ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Battery Chargin....................................................................................................................................................................................27
Charge Current .............................................................................................................................................................................................27
Charge Cycle.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Charging Graphs ..........................................................................................................................................................................................28
Charging Steps..............................................................................................................................................................................................29
New Charging Cycle....................................................................................................................................................................................31
Equalization ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Battery Temperature Compensation .....................................................................................................................................................33
Offset .......................................................................................................................................................................................................35

Table of Contents
2 900-0145-01-01 Rev A
Multiple-Inverter Installations (Stacking)..................................................................................................................................36
Parallel Stacking (Dual-Stack and Larger).............................................................................................................................................37
Three-Phase Stacking (Three Inverters) ................................................................................................................................................38
Power Save..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Auxiliary Terminals.............................................................................................................................................................................43
System Display-Based Functions................................................................................................................................. 47
Advanced Generator Start (AGS)..................................................................................................................................................47
Grid Functions......................................................................................................................................................................................47
High Battery Transfer (HBX)......................................................................................................................................................................47
Grid Use Time................................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
Load Grid Transfer .......................................................................................................................................................................................48
Metering....................................................................................................49
MATE3 Screens................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Inverter Screens...................................................................................................................................................................................49
Battery Screen......................................................................................................................................................................................50
Troubleshooting.........................................................................................51
Basic Troubleshooting..................................................................................................................................................... 51
Module Select ......................................................................................................................................................................................56
Error Messages ................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Warning Messages............................................................................................................................................................ 58
Temperature Events ..........................................................................................................................................................................59
Disconnect Messages ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
Sell Status............................................................................................................................................................................. 61
Specifications .............................................................................................63
Electrical Specifications................................................................................................................................................... 63
Mechanical Specifications.............................................................................................................................................. 64
Environmental Specifications ....................................................................................................................................... 64
Temperature Derating......................................................................................................................................................................65
Certifications....................................................................................................................................................................... 65
Compliance.......................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Firmware Revision............................................................................................................................................................. 67
Default Settings and Ranges......................................................................................................................................... 67
Definitions............................................................................................................................................................................ 70
Index .........................................................................................................71

Table of Contents
900-0145-01-01 Rev A 3
List of Tables
Table 1 Summary of Input Modes..........................................................................................................21
Table 2 Charge Currents for Radian Models.......................................................................................27
Table 3 Offset Interaction with AC Source ..........................................................................................35
Table 4 Changing Master Power Save Levels (GS7048E)................................................................42
Table 5 Aux Mode Functions ...................................................................................................................46
Table 6 Troubleshooting...........................................................................................................................51
Table 7 Error Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................57
Table 8 Warning Troubleshooting.........................................................................................................58
Table 9 Temperature Events....................................................................................................................59
Table 10 Disconnect Troubleshooting....................................................................................................60
Table 11 Sell Status Messages....................................................................................................................61
Table 12 Electrical Specifications for Radian Models .........................................................................63
Table 13 Mechanical Specifications for Radian Models ....................................................................64
Table 14 Environmental Specifications for Radian Models..............................................................64
Table 15 AS4777.3 Acceptance Settings ................................................................................................66
Table 16 Radian Inverter Settings.............................................................................................................67
Table 17 Terms and Definitions.................................................................................................................70
List of Figures
Figure 1 Radian Series Inverter/Charger.................................................................................................. 7
Figure 2 MATE3 System Display and Controller.................................................................................... 8
Figure 3 AC Test Points................................................................................................................................10
Figure 4 Charging Stages Over Time ......................................................................................................28
Figure 5 Charging Stages Over Time (24/7)..........................................................................................28
Figure 6 Repeated Charging Cycles ........................................................................................................32
Figure 7 OutBack HUB4 and MATE3........................................................................................................36
Figure 8 Example of Parallel Stacking Arrangement (Three Inverters)........................................37
Figure 9 Example of Three-Phase Stacking (Three Inverters).........................................................38
Figure 10 Example of Three-Phase Stacking (Nine Inverters) ...........................................................38
Figure 11 Power Save Levels and Loads...................................................................................................39
Figure 12 GS3548E Power Save Priority ...................................................................................................40
Figure 13 GS7048E Power Save Priority ...................................................................................................41
Figure 14 Home Screen..................................................................................................................................49
Figure 15 Inverter Screens ............................................................................................................................49
Figure 16 Battery Screen ...............................................................................................................................50
Figure 17 AC Test Points................................................................................................................................51
Figure 18 Temperature Derating................................................................................................................65

Table of Contents
4 900-0145-01-01 Rev A
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900-0145-01-01 Rev A 5
Introduction
Audience
This manual provides instructions for setup and operation of the product. It does not cover
installation. The manual is intended to be used by anyone required to operate the Radian Series
Inverter/Charger. Operators must be familiar with all the safety regulations pertaining to operating
power equipment of this type as required by local code. Operators are advised to have basic electrical
knowledge and a complete understanding of this equipment’s features and functions. Do not use this
product unless it has been installed by a qualified installer in accordance with the Radian Series
Inverter/Charger Installation Manual.
Symbols Used
WARNING: Hazard to Human Life
This type of notation indicates that the hazard could be harmful to human life.
CAUTION: Hazard to Equipment
This type of notation indicates that the hazard may cause damage to the equipment.
IMPORTANT:
This type of notation indicates that the information provided is important to the
installation, operation and/or maintenance of the equipment. Failure to follow the
recommendations in such a notation could result in voiding the equipment warranty.
MORE INFORMATION
When this symbol appears next to text, it means that more information is available in other
manuals relating to the subject. The most common reference is to the Radian Series
Inverter/Charger Installation Manual. Another common reference is the system display manual.
General Safety
WARNING: Limitations on Use
This equipment is NOT intended for use with life support equipment or other medical
equipment or devices.
WARNING: Reduced Protection
If this product is used in a manner not specified by GS product literature, the product’s
internal safety protection may be impaired.
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Only use components or accessories recommended or sold by OutBack Power
Technologies or its authorized agents.

Introduction
6 900-0145-01-01 Rev A
Welcome to OutBack Power Technologies
Thank you for purchasing the OutBack Radian Series Inverter/Charger. It is designed to offer a
complete power conversion system between batteries and AC power. As part of an OutBack
Grid/Hybrid™ system, it can provide off-grid power, grid backup power, or grid-interactive service
which sells excess renewable energy back to the utility.
Inverter Functions
Battery-to-AC inverting which delivers power to run backup loads and other functions
∼Provides single-phase output
∼Adjustable range of output voltage
∼Settable nominal output frequency
AC-to-battery charging (OutBack systems are battery-based)
∼Accepts a wide variety of AC sources
∼Requires single-phase input
Uses battery energy stored from renewable resources
∼Can utilize stored energy from many sources (PV arrays, wind turbines, etc.)
∼OutBack FLEXmax charge controllers will optimize PV power production as part of a Grid/Hybrid system
Dual AC inputs allow direct connection to utility grid and AC generator
Rapid transfer between AC source and inverter output with minimal delay time
Uses MATE3 System Display and Controller (sold separately) for user settings as part of a Grid/Hybrid system
Stackable in parallel configuration up to ten inverters
Stackable in three-phase configuration with up to nine inverters (using HUB10.3 Communications Manager)
Field-upgradeable firmware
Seven selectable input modes for different applications
∼Generator
∼Support
∼Grid Tied
∼UPS
∼Backup
∼Mini Grid
∼Grid Zero
IMPORTANT:
The Radian Series Inverter/Charger is not intended for use with the OutBack MATE or
MATE2 System Display and Controller. It is only compatible with the MATE3 System
Display and Controller.

Introduction
900-0145-01-01 Rev A 7
Figure 1Radian Series Inverter/Charger
GS7048E
7000 watts (7 kW) continuous power at 48 Vdc
16.3 kVA peak surge capacity
Modular internal design allows low idle consumption and high efficiency at high or low power operation
GS3548E
3500 watts (3.5 kW) continuous power at 48 Vdc
8.2 kVA peak surge capacity
Certified by ETL to IEC 62109-1
NOTE: This product has a settable AC output range. In this book, many references to the output refer
to the entire range. However, some references are made to 230 Vac or 50 Hz output. These are
intended as examples only.

Introduction
8 900-0145-01-01 Rev A
Inverter Controls
The Radian inverter has no external controls. It can operate normally without an external control or
interface. Basic modes and settings are pre-programmed at the factory. (See page 67 for default
settings.) However, certain external devices can be used to operate or program the Radian.
On/Off Switch
The inverter can be equipped with a switch to turn it on and off. This switch is not sold as an inverter
accessory; a common toggle switch can be used. It is wired to the Switch INV auxiliary terminals.
(See the Radian Series Inverter/Charger Installation Manual for more information on wiring the switch.)
This switch controls the inverting function only; it does not control the charger or any other function.
MATE3 System Display and Controller
The Radian inverter has no display or LED indicators. It is not possible to monitor its status or
operating mode without a metering device. The MATE3 System Display and Controller (sold
separately) is designed to accommodate programming and monitoring of a Grid/Hybrid power
system. The MATE3 provides the means to adjust the factory default settings to correctly match the
installation where needed. It provides the means to monitor system performance and troubleshoot
fault or shutdown conditions. It also has data logging and interface functions using the Internet.
Once settings are modified using a MATE3, the MATE3 can be removed from the installation. The
settings are stored in the nonvolatile memory of the Radian inverter. However, it is highly
recommended to include a MATE3 as part of the system. This provides the means to monitor system
performance and respond quickly should it be necessary to correct a fault or shutdown condition.
The MATE3’s Configuration Wizard is capable of automatically configuring inverters to a series of
preset values. This is often more efficient than attempting to manually program each setting in each
inverter. Affected fields include system type, battery charging, and AC source configuration.
NOTE: Model GS7048E can only be used with MATE3 firmware revision 002.010.xxx or higher.
Model GS3548E can only be used with MATE3 firmware revision 002.017.xxx or higher.
IMPORTANT:
Some functions are not based in the inverter, but are part of the MATE3 system
display’s firmware. They will not function if the system display is removed.
These functions are listed beginning on page 46.
Figure 2MATE3 System Display and Controller

900-0145-01-01 Rev A 9
Commissioning
Functional Test
WARNING: Shock Hazard and Equipment Damage
It is necessary to remove the inverter cover to perform these tests. The components are close together and
carry hazardous voltages. Use appropriate care to avoid the risk of electric shock or equipment damage.
Pre-startup Procedures
1. Ensure all DC and AC overcurrent devices are opened, disconnected, or turned off.
2. Double-check all wiring connections.
3. Confirm that the total load does not exceed the inverter’s wattage. (See page 22.)
4. Inspect the work area to ensure tools or debris have not been left inside.
5. Using a digital voltmeter (DVM) or standard voltmeter, verify battery voltage. Confirm the
voltage is correct for the inverter model. Confirm the polarity.
6. Connect the MATE3 system display, if present.
Startup
It is highly recommended that all applicable steps be performed in the following order. However, if
steps are inapplicable, they can be omitted.
If the results of any step do not match the description, see the Troubleshooting section on page 50.
To start a single-inverter system:
1. Close the main DC circuit breakers (or connect the fuses) from the battery bank to the inverter.
Confirm that the system display is operational, if present.
2. If a system display is present, perform all programming for all functions.
These functions may include AC input modes, AC output voltage, input current limits, battery
charging, generator starting, and others.
AC input modes are described beginning on page 13 and are summarized on page 21. The
inverter’s individual operations are described beginning on page 22.
3. Turn on the inverter using the MATE3 or external switch. The Radian’s default condition is Off.
Do not turn on any AC circuit breakers at this time.
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Incorrect battery polarity will damage the inverter. Excessive battery voltage also may damage the inverter.
This damage is not covered by the warranty.
IMPORTANT:
Prior to programming (see Startup), verify the operating frequency of the AC source. This is necessary for
correct AC operation. The default setting is 50 Hz, but this can be changed to 60 Hz.

Commissioning
10 900-0145-01-01 Rev A
Figure 3 AC Test Points
4. Using a DVM or voltmeter, verify 230 Vac (or appropriate voltage) between the “L” and “N” OUT
terminals. (See Figure 3 for AC test points.) The inverter is working correctly if the AC output reads
within 10% of 230 Vac or the programmed output voltage.
5. Proceed past the items below to Step 6 on the next page.
To start a multiple-inverter (stacked) system:
1. Close the main DC circuit breakers (or connect the fuses) from the battery bank to the inverter.
Repeat for every inverter present.
2. With the system display, perform any programming for stacking and all other functions.
These functions may also include AC input modes, AC output voltage, input current limits, battery
charging, generator starting, and others.
When stacking in parallel, all slave inverters will observe the programming settings for the master. They
do not need to be programmed individually.
When stacking in three-phase configuration, all subphase masters will observe the AC input mode and
many of the settings used by the master inverter. However, they need to be individually programmed
as appropriate for AC output voltage and frequency. They also need to be programmed for AC input
voltage and frequency (for both AC inputs). All slaves will observe the programming settings for the
master or for their individual subphase master. They do not need to be programmed individually.
AC input modes are described beginning on page 13 and are summarized on page 21. The
inverter’s individual operations are described beginning on page 22. Stacking is described
beginning on page 36.The MATE3 Configuration Wizard may be used to assist programming.
3. Turn on the master inverter using the system display (or external switch, if one has been installed).
The Radian’s default condition is Off. Do not turn on any AC circuit breakers at this time.
4. Using a DVM or voltmeter, verify 230 Vac (or appropriate voltage) between the master “L” and “N”
OUT terminals. (See Figure 3 for AC test points.)
The inverter is working correctly if the AC output reads within 10% of 230 Vac or the programmed
output voltage.
If subphase masters are used in three-phase configuration, perform this test on each subphase master.
If necessary, confirm appropriate voltages from one inverter to the next.
Metal pads are located at these
locations. In commissioning,
AC voltages can be measured at
this series of test points.

Commissioning
900-0145-01-01 Rev A 11
5. Using the system display, temporarily bring each slave out of Silent mode by raising the Power
Save Level of the master. (See page 39.)
As each slave is activated, it will click and create an audible hum.
Confirm that the system display shows no fault messages. Confirm that the output voltages are still
correct. Individual slave voltage readings are not necessary since all slave inverters are in parallel.
When this test is finished, return the master to its previous settings.
After output testing is completed, perform the following steps:
6. Close the AC output circuit breakers. If AC bypass switches are present, place them in the normal
(non-bypass) position. Do not connect an AC input source or close any AC input circuits.
7. Use a DVM to verify correct voltage at the AC load panel.
8. Connect a small AC load and test for proper functionality.
9. Close the AC input circuit breakers and connect an AC source.
Using a DVM on the correct input, check the “L” and “N” input terminals for 230 Vac (or appropriate
voltage from the AC source.)
If a system display is present, confirm that the inverter accepts the AC source as appropriate for its
programming. (Some modes or functions may restrict connection with the source. If one of these
modes has been selected for the system, it may not connect.) Check the system display indicators for
correct performance.
NOTE: If any Phase B or Phase C inverters are wired to the wrong AC source phases, the inverters
will not connect to the AC source and will display a Phase Loss warning. See page 58.
10. If the charger is activated, the inverter will perform a battery charging cycle after powering up.
This can take several hours. If restarted after a temporary shutdown, the inverter may skip most or
all of the charging cycle. Confirm that it is charging as appropriate by using the system display.
11. Test other functions which have been enabled, such as generator start, selling, or search mode.
12. Compare the DVM’s readings with the system display meter readings. If necessary, the system
display’s readings can be calibrated to match the DVM more accurately. Calibrated settings
include AC input voltage for the Grid and Gen inputs, AC output voltage, and battery voltage.
Powering Down
If steps are inapplicable, they can be omitted. However, it is highly recommended that all applicable
steps be performed in the following order. These steps will completely isolate the inverter.
To remove power from the system:
1. Turn off all load circuits and AC input sources.
2. Turn off all renewable energy circuits.
3. Turn each inverter OFF using the MATE3 system display or external switch.
4. Turn off the main DC overcurrent devices for each inverter.
Adding New Devices
When adding new devices to the system, first turn off the system according to the preceding
instructions. After adding new devices, perform another functional test, including programming.

Commissioning
12 900-0145-01-01 Rev A
Firmware Updates
IMPORTANT:
All inverters will shut down during firmware updates. If loads need to be run while
updating the firmware, bypass the inverter with a maintenance bypass switch.
Communication cables must remain connected and DC power must remain on.
Interrupted communication will cause the update to fail and the inverter(s) may not
work afterward. Inverters automatically update one at a time beginning with Port 1.
Each requires about 5 minutes.
Updates to the Radian’s internal programming are periodically available at the OutBack website
www.outbackpower.com. If multiple inverters are used in a system, all units must be upgraded at the
same time. All units must be upgraded to the same firmware revision.
If multiple stacked Radian inverters are used with different firmware revisions, any inverter with a
revision different from the master will not function. (See the stacking section on page 36.) The MATE3
will display the following message:
An inverter firmware mismatch has been detected. Inverters X, Y, Z 1are disabled. Visit
www.outbackpower.com for current inverter firmware.
NOTES:
1The port designations for the mismatched inverters are listed here.

900-0145-01-01 Rev A 13
Operation
Inverter Functionality
The inverter is capable of being used for many applications. Some of the inverter’s operations occur
automatically. Others are conditional or must be enabled manually before they will operate.
Most of the inverter’s individual operations and functions can be programmed using the system
display. This allows customization or fine tuning of the inverter’s performance.
The Radian inverter has two sets of input connections, which are labeled Grid and Gen. Two different
AC sources can be connected during inverter installation.
Before operating the inverter:
The operator needs to define the application and decide which functions will be needed. The Radian
inverter is programmed with seven AC input modes. Each mode has certain advantages which make it
ideal for a particular application. Some modes contain functions unique to that mode.
The modes are described in detail following this section. To help decide which mode will be used, the
basic points of each mode are compared in Table 1 on page 21.
Apart from the input modes, Radian inverters possess a set of common functions or operations. These
operations are described in detail beginning on page 22. Most of these items operate the same
regardless of which input mode is selected; however, this is not always true. The exceptions are noted
where appropriate.
NOTE: The Radian’s battery charger uses the same programming and settable limits regardless of
which input is used. It does not have independent charger settings on each input.
Each distinct mode, function, or operation is accompanied by a symbol representing the inverter and
that operation:
The symbols may have other features depending on the operation.
Description of AC Input Modes
These modes control aspects of how the inverter interacts with AC input sources. Each mode is
intended to optimize the inverter for a particular application. The names of the modes are Generator,
Support, Grid Tied, UPS, Backup, Mini Grid, and Grid Zero.The modes are summarized and
compared in Table 1.
Both of the Radian’s inputs, Grid and Gen, can be programmed for separate modes.
The Grid input can be set in the Grid AC Input Mode and Limits menu.
The Gen input can be set in the Gen AC Input Mode and Limits menu.
NOTE: The input terminals are labeled for grid and generator due to common conventions, not
because of inverter requirements. Each input can accept any AC source as long as it meets the
requirements of the Radian inverter and the selected input mode. If necessary, the Gen terminals can
AC IN
AC OUT
DC
TRANSFER
These items represent the input from the AC
source, the output to the AC loads, DC functions
(inverting, charging, etc
), and the transfer relay.
Arrows on each symbol represent power flow.

Operation
14 900-0145-01-01 Rev A
accept grid power. The opposite is also true. However, if using the Gen Alert or AGS functions, the
generator must use the Gen terminals. See page 43 (Gen Alert) and page 47 (AGS).)
When multiple inverters are stacked together in parallel, the master inverter’s input mode is imposed
on all slaves. The slave settings are not changed; they retain any mode that was previously
programmed. However, the slave will ignore its own input mode and use that of the master. This also
applies to any parameters in the mode menu (Voltage Limit, Connect Delay, and so on).
If inverters are stacked using subphase masters, the subphase masters will observe the AC input mode
and many of the settings used by the master inverter. However, they need to be individually
programmed as appropriate for AC output voltage and frequency. They also need to be programmed
for AC input voltage and frequency (for both AC inputs).
See the stacking section on page 36 for explanation of both parallel and subphase master
(three-phase) stacking.
The following pages compare the various aspects of each input mode.
Generator
The Generator mode allows the use of a wide range of AC sources, including generators with a rough
or imperfect AC waveform. In other modes, a “noisy” or irregular waveform may not be accepted by
the inverter. (Self-excited induction generators may require this mode when used with the Radian.)
Generator allows these waveforms to be accepted. The charging algorithm of this mode is designed
to work well with AC generators regardless of power quality or regulation mechanism. The generator
must still comply with the inverter’s nominal input specifications. (See page 24.)
BENEFITS:
The Radian inverter will charge the batteries from the generator even when the generator is undersized, of
low quality, or has other problems. See page 26 for recommended parameters for sizing a generator.
In cases where utility grid power is unstable or unreliable, Generator mode may allow the Radian inverter to
accept the power.
A programmable delay time is available which will allow a generator to stabilize before connection. In the
MATE3, this menu item is Connect Delay. It is available in both the Grid AC Input Mode and Limits and
the Gen AC Input Mode and Limits menus, depending on which input is being programmed.
NOTES:
Any AC fluctuations that are accepted by the inverter will be transferred to the output. The loads will be
exposed to these fluctuations. It may not be advisable to install sensitive loads under these conditions.
The name of Generator mode does not mean that the Radian requires a generator input when using this
mode. The use of this mode does not require the use of the Gen input; either input can be used.
Conversely, the Radian is not required to be placed in this mode just because a generator is installed.
Support
The Support mode is intended for systems that use the utility grid or a generator. In some cases the
amount of current available from the source is limited due to size, wiring, or other reasons. If large
loads need to be run, the Radian inverter augments (supports) the AC source. The inverter uses
battery power and additional sources to ensure that the loads receive the power they demand.
In the MATE3 system display, the Grid Input AC Limit dictates the maximum AC draw for the Grid

Operation
900-0145-01-01 Rev A 15
input. The Gen Input AC Limit sets the maximum draw for the Gen input. The Support function takes
effect if the AC demand on either input exceeds the AC Limit setting.
BENEFITS:
Large inverter loads can be powered while staying connected to the AC input, even if the input is limited.
The added battery power prevents overload of the input source, but the batteries are not in constant use.
The Radian inverter will offset the loads with excess renewable energy if it is available from the batteries.
See page 35 for more information.
NOTES:
IMPORTANT:
The inverter will draw energy from the batteries when the loads exceed the
appropriate AC Limit. With sustained loads and no other DC source, the
batteries may discharge to the Low Battery Cut-Out point. The inverter will
shut down with a Low Battery error. (See pages 22 and 57.) To prevent the loss
of power, load use should be planned accordingly.
IMPORTANT:
A “noisy” or irregular AC source may prevent Support from working normally.
The inverter will transfer the power, but will not support the source, charge the
batteries, or interact with the current in any other way. This problem is more
common with generators smaller than the wattage of the inverter.
A programmable delay time is available which will allow an AC source to stabilize before connection. In the
MATE3, this menu item is Connect Delay. It is available in both the Grid AC Input Mode and Limits and
the Gen AC Input Mode and Limits menus, depending on which input is being programmed.
Because the inverter limits the current draw from the AC source, it will reduce the charge rate as necessary
to support the loads. If the loads equal the appropriate AC Limit setting, the charge rate will be zero.
If the AC loads exceed the AC Limit setting, the Support function is activated by operating the charger in
reverse. It will take power from the batteries and use it to support the incoming AC current.
The Support function is not available in any other input mode.
Grid Tied
IMPORTANT:
Selling power to the utility company requires the authorization of the local
electric jurisdiction. How the utility company accommodates this will depend
on their policies on the issue. Some may pay for power sold; others may issue
credit. Some policies may prohibit the use of this mode altogether. Please
check with the utility company and obtain their permission before using this mode.
The Grid Tied mode allows the Radian inverter to become grid-interactive. This means that in addition
to using power from the utility grid for charging and loads, the inverter can also convert excess battery
power and sell it to the utility grid. Excess battery power usually comes from renewable energy
sources, such as PV arrays, hydroelectric turbines, and wind turbines.

Operation
16 900-0145-01-01 Rev A
The grid-interactive function is integrally tied with Offset operation and with the battery charger.See
pages 35 and 27 for more information on these items.
BENEFITS:
Excess power is returned to the utility grid.
The inverter will offset the loads with excess renewable energy if it is available from the batteries.
If the excess energy is greater than the AC demand (the load size), the excess will be sold to the utility grid.
Due to varying requirements in different locations around the world, the grid-interactive settings are
adjustable. These adjustments are made in the Grid Interface Protection menu.
∼This menu is only available to operators with installer-level access. There are firm rules concerning the
acceptable voltage range, frequency range, clearance time during power loss, and reconnect delay
when exporting power to the utility. Generally it is expected that the end user cannot alter the settings.
∼The installer password must be changed from the default in order to get access to these settings. Once
this password has been changed, the settings can only be accessed by using the installer password. See
pages 67 and 69 for more information.
∼The inverter’s operating frequency can be changed between 50 and 60 Hz using the Grid Interface
Protection menu. This setting changes the inverter’s input acceptance parameters, as well as its output.
See Table 16 beginning on page 67 for the locations of all menu items in the MATE3 menus.
NOTES:
The inverter has a delay before selling will begin. This delay has a default setting of one minute. During this
time, the inverter will not connect to the utility grid. This setting is adjustable in the Grid Interface Protection
menu. Upon initial connection to the utility grid, the inverter may be required to perform a battery charging
cycle. This may delay the operation of the grid-interactive function.
The grid-interactive function only operates when excess DC (renewable) power is available.
The grid-interactive function is not available in any of the other input modes.
When power is returned to the utility grid, it may be possible to reverse the utility meter. However, this
depends on other loads in the system. Loads on the main panel (not on the inverter’s output) may consume
power as fast as it is sold. The meter would not run backwards, even if the system display showed the
inverter selling power. The result of selling would be to reduce AC power consumption, not reverse it.
The amount of power an inverter can sell is not equal to its specified output wattage. The Maximum Sell
Current can be decreased if it is necessary to limit the power sold. This item is available in the Grid Interface
Protection menu.
∼The amount of power that is sold is controlled by the utility grid voltage. The wattage sold is
determined by this voltage multiplied by the current. For example, if the inverter sells 30 amps and the
voltage is 231 Vac, the inverter will sell 6.93 kVA. If the voltage is 242 Vac, the inverter will sell 7.26 kVA.
Additionally, output will vary with inverter temperature, battery type, and other conditions.
∼This recommendation is specifically for the inverter’s grid-interactive function. In some cases, the
source may be sized larger to account for environmental conditions or the presence of DC loads. This
depends on individual site requirements.
The grid-interactive function can only operate while the utility grid power is stable and within specific limits.
∼In Grid Tied mode, the inverter will operate in accordance with the Grid Interface Protection settings.
The default settings and ranges are listed in Table 16, which begins on page 67.
If the AC voltage or frequency vary outside the Grid Interface Protectionlimits, the inverter will
disconnect from the utility grid to prevent selling under unacceptable conditions. These limits override
the AC source acceptance limits described on page 24, which are used in other input modes.

Operation
900-0145-01-01 Rev A 17
∼If the inverter stops selling or disconnects due to Grid Interface Protection, the MATE3 will show the
reason. Sell Status messages are listed on page 61. Disconnect messages are listed on page 60. Often
these messages will be the same.
∼Due to varying requirements in different locations around the world, the grid-interactive settings are
adjustable. However, this is only available to operators with installer-level access. There are firm rules
concerning the acceptable voltage range, frequency range, clearance time during power loss, and
reconnect delay when exporting power back to the utility. Generally it is expected that the settings
cannot be altered by the end user. For this reason, it is necessary to change the installer password from
the default in order to get access to these settings. Once this password has been changed, the settings
can only be accessed by using the installer password. See pages 67 and 69 for more information.
Before operating in Grid Tied mode, contact the utility company that provides power to the installation.
They can provide information regarding the rules that must be followed in order to export power back
to the utility. The items below are the selectable options for Grid Interface Protection. It may be
necessary to provide these options to the utility company to make certain their standards are met.
The utility may simply name a standard to be followed, as with AS 4777.3 for Australia. It may be
necessary to look up the requirements for a local standard and program them accordingly.
STAGE 1 Voltage (basic settings)
Over Voltage Clearance Time (seconds)
Over Voltage Trip (AC Voltage)
Under Voltage Clearance Time (seconds)
Under Voltage Trip (AC Voltage)
STAGE 2 Voltage (if required by utility)
Over Voltage Clearance Time (seconds)
Over Voltage Trip (AC Voltage)
Under Voltage Clearance Time (seconds)
Under Voltage Trip (AC Voltage)
See Table 16 on page 67 for the default settings and ranges.
UPS
In UPSmode, the Radian’s parameters have been optimized to reduce the response and transfer
times. If the utility grid becomes unstable or is interrupted, the Radian can transfer to inverting in
minimal time. This allows the system to support sensitive AC loads without interruption.
BENEFITS:
Constant power is provided to the loads with virtually no drop in voltage or current.
NOTES:
Due to the need for the Radian inverter to react quickly to AC source fluctuations, it must remain fully active
at all times. The inverter requires a continuous consumption of 42 watts.
For this reason, the Search function does not operate in this mode. (See page 23.)
Failure
Frequency Trip
Over Frequency Clearance Time (seconds)
Over Frequency Trip (Hertz)
Under Frequency Clearance Time (seconds)
Under Frequency Trip (Hertz)
NOTE: The Frequency Trip settings are
dependent on the inverter’s operating frequency,
which must be set correctly. See pages 9 and 69.
Mains Loss
Clearance Time (seconds)
Reconnect Delay (seconds)

Operation
18 900-0145-01-01 Rev A
Backup
The Backup mode is intended for systems that have utility grid available as the primary AC source.
This source will pass through the Radian inverter’s transfer circuit and will power the loads unless
utility power is lost. If utility grid power is lost, then the Radian inverter will supply energy to the loads
from the battery bank. When the utility power returns, it will be used to power the loads again.
BENEFITS:
This mode will continuously maintain the batteries in a fully-charged state, unlike the Support mode. It
does not have the overhead consumption of the UPS mode.
Mini Grid
In Mini Grid mode, the Radian inverter automatically rejects an AC source and runs solely from battery
(and renewable) energy. The inverter only connects to the AC source (usually the utility grid) when
the batteries run too low.
The Radian inverter runs on battery-supplied power for as long as the batteries can be sustained. It is
expected that the batteries will also be charged from renewable sources such as PV. When the
batteries become depleted, the system reconnects to the utility grid to operate the loads.
The inverter will reconnect to the utility grid if the battery voltage decreases to the Connect to Grid
set point and remains there for the Delay time period. These items are shown in Table 16 on page 67.
While connected to the utility grid, the inverter’s charger can be set either on or off. If the charger is
turned on, the inverter will proceed through a full charging cycle. Upon reaching float stage, the
inverter will disconnect from the grid.
If the inverter is connected to the utility grid and the charger is turned off, another DC source such as
renewable energy should be present to charge the batteries. The inverter will observe the batteries as
if it was performing the charge. When the batteries reach the required voltages and charging times to
achieve float stage, the inverter will disconnect from the grid. This means that the regulator for the
renewable source must be set to the same settings as the Radian (or higher). Check the settings of
both devices as needed.
See page 27 for more information on the battery charging cycle.
BENEFITS:
Mini Grid mode allows a system to minimize or eliminate dependence on the utility grid. This is only
possible if certain conditions are met. See the Notes below.
NOTES:
The Radian inverter will offset the loads with excess renewable energy if it is available from the batteries.
See page 35 for more information on Offset operation. However, the Offset function is inapplicable when
the Radian disconnects from an AC source. The renewable energy supports the inverting function instead.
This mode has similar priorities to the high-battery transfer (HBX) function used by the MATE3 system
display. However, it is not compatible with HBX and cannot be used at the same time. When using Mini
Grid mode, the system display should disable HBX to prevent conflicts.
Failure