Paccar TX-18 User manual

18 Speed
Transmission
18 Speed
Transmission
8
Operator’s Manual
Operator’s Manual

Safety..................................... 1
Features..................................... 2
Indications..................................... 3
Controls..................................... 4
Operation..................................... 5
Maintenance..................................... 6
Specifications..................................... 7
Contents

© 2022 PACCAR Inc. - All Rights Reserved
This manual illustrates and describes the operation of features or equipment which may be either
standard or optional on this vehicle. This manual may also include a description of features and
equipment which are no longer available or were not ordered on this vehicle. Please disregard any
illustrations or descriptions relating to features or equipment which are not on this vehicle. PACCAR
reserves the right to discontinue, change specifications, or change the design of its vehicles at any
time without notice and without incurring any obligation. The information contained in this manual is
proprietary to PACCAR. Reproduction, in whole or in part, by any means is strictly prohibited without
prior written authorization from PACCAR Inc.
Contents

Chapter 1 | SAFETY
Using this Manual..................................................................................................................................5
Safety Alerts..........................................................................................................................................5
Illustrations............................................................................................................................................6
General Safety Instructions...................................................................................................................6
Repairs..................................................................................................................................................9
SAFETY -
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Using this Manual
Please take the time to get acquainted with
your vehicle by reading this Operator’s
Manual. We recommend that you read and
understand this manual from beginning to
end before you operate this equipment.
This manual contains useful information for
the safe and efficient operation of this
equipment. It also provides service
information, with an outline for performing
safety checks and basic preventive
maintenance inspections. When
replacement parts are needed, we
recommend using only genuine PACCAR
parts.
We have tried to present the information
needed to learn about functions, controls,
and operation—and to present it as clearly
as possible. Occasionally, you may need to
reference this manual, and we hope you
find is easy to use.
NOTE
After you've read this manual, it should
be stored in the cab for convenient ref-
erence and remain with this truck
when sold.
Your vehicle may not have all the features
or options mentioned in this manual.
Therefore, you should pay careful attention
to the instructions that pertain to just your
vehicle. In addition, if your vehicle is
equipped with special equipment or options
not discussed in this manual, consult your
dealer or the manufacturer of the
equipment.
There are several tools built into this
manual to help you find what you need
quickly and easily; first is the Table of
Contents. Located at the front of the
manual, this table arranges the subject
matter into chapters, which can be quickly
referenced using the numbers shown in the
outer margin. The first page of each
chapter presents a list of the major
subjects contained in that chapter. Cross-
referenced citations can also help you find
information. If more information on the
current subject is located elsewhere in the
manual, a cross-reference may be
provided, such as "see Safety Alerts on
page 5." Finally, you’ll find a helpful
index at the back of the manual, which lists
the subjects covered, alphabetically.
All information contained in this manual is
based on the latest production information
available at the time of publication. If you
find differences between your instruments
and the information in this manual, contact
an authorized PACCAR dealer. PACCAR
reserves the right to make changes at any
time without notice.
Safety Alerts
Read and follow all of the safety alerts
contained in this manual. They are there
for your protection and information. These
alerts can help you avoid injury to yourself,
your passengers, and help prevent costly
damage to the vehicle. Safety alerts are
highlighted by safety alert symbols and
signal words such as WARNING,
CAUTION, or NOTE. Do not ignore any of
these alerts.
Warnings
The safety message following this symbol
and signal word provides a warning against
operating procedures that could cause
death or injury. They could also cause
SAFETY - Using this Manual
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equipment or property damage. The alert
will identify the hazard, how to avoid it, and
the probable consequence of not avoiding
the hazard.
Example:
WARNING
Hot engine oil can be dangerous. You
could be burned. Let the engine oil
cool down before changing it. Failure
to comply may result in death, person-
al injury, equipment or property dam-
age.
Cautions
The safety message following this symbol
and signal word provides a caution against
operating procedures that could cause
equipment or property damage. The alert
will identify the hazard, how to avoid it, and
the probable consequence of not avoiding
the hazard.
Example:
CAUTION
Continuing to operate your vehicle with
insufficient oil pressure will cause seri-
ous engine damage. Failure to comply
may result in equipment or property
damage.
Notes
The message following this symbol and
signal word provides important information
that is not safety related but should be
followed. The alert will highlight things that
may not be obvious and is useful to your
efficient operation of the vehicle.
Example:
NOTE
Pumping the accelerator pedal will not
assist in starting the engine.
Illustrations
Some of the illustrations found in this
manual are generic, and may not look
exactly like the parts or assemblies you
find installed on your vehicle.
When an illustration differs from what you
see physically present on your vehicle, the
language describing the procedure will still
be correct for your application.
General Safety
Instructions
WARNING
Improper practices, carelessness, or
ignoring any warnings may cause
property damage, personal injury, or
death.
Before performing any repair, read and
understand all of the safety precautions
and warnings. The following is a list of
general safety precautions that must be
followed to provide personal safety. Failure
to follow these instructions may cause
death or injury. Special safety precautions
SAFETY - Illustrations
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are included in the procedures when they
apply.
Keep in mind that even a well maintained
vehicle must be operated within the range
of its mechanical capabilities and the limits
of its load ratings. See the Weight Ratings
label on the driver's door edge.
Every new vehicle is designed to conform
to all Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
Standards applicable at the time of
manufacture. Even with these safety
features, continued safe and reliable
operation depends greatly upon regular
vehicle maintenance. Follow the
maintenance recommendations found in
the Preventive Maintenance section. This
will help preserve your investment.
Make sure your vehicle is in top working
condition before heading out on the road, it
is the responsible driver's duty to do so.
Inspect the vehicle according to the
Driver's Check List.
• Work areas should be dry, well lit,
well ventilated, free from clutter,
loose tools, parts, ignition sources
and hazardous substances.
• Wear protective glasses and
protective shoes when working.
• Wear protective gloves when
working with hot liquids or
surfaces.
• DO NOT wear loose-fitting or torn
clothing. Tie back and/or tuck in
long hair. Remove all jewelry when
working.
• Before beginning any repair,
disconnect the battery (negative [-]
cable) and discharge any
capacitors.
• Put a “DO NOT OPERATE” tag in
the operator's compartment or on
the controls.
• Allow the engine to cool before
slowly loosening the coolant fill cap
to relieve the pressure from the
cooling system.
WARNING
Removing the fill cap on a hot engine
can cause scalding coolant to spray
out and burn you badly. If the engine
has been in operation within the previ-
ous 30 minutes, be very careful in re-
moving the fill cap. Protect face,
hands, and arms against escaping flu-
id and steam by covering the cap with
a large, thick rag. DO NOT try to re-
move it until the surge tank cools down
or if you see any steam or coolant es-
caping. Always remove the cap very
slowly and carefully. Be ready to back
off if any steam or coolant begins to
escape. Failure to comply may result
in death, personal injury, equipment or
property damage.
• Always use wheel chocks or proper
jack stands to support the vehicle
or vehicle components before
performing any service work. DO
NOT work on anything that is
supported only by lifting jacks or a
hoist. Before resting a vehicle on
jack stands, be sure the stands are
rated for the load you will be
placing on them.
• Before removing or disconnecting
any lines, fittings, or related items,
relieve all pressure in the air, oil,
fuel, and cooling systems. Remain
alert for possible pressure when
disconnecting any device from a
system that contains pressure.
High-pressure oil or fuel can cause
death or personal injury.
• Always wear protective clothing
when working on any refrigerant
lines and make sure that the
workplace is well ventilated.
SAFETY - General Safety Instructions
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Inhalation of fumes can cause
death or personal injury. To protect
the environment, liquid refrigerant
systems must be properly emptied
and filled using equipment that
prevents the release of refrigerant
gas. Federal law requires capturing
and recycling refrigerant.
• When moving or lifting any heavy
equipment or parts, make sure to
use proper techniques and
assistance. Ensure all lifting
devices such as chains, hooks, or
slings are in good condition and
are of the correct load capacity.
Make sure all lifting devices are
positioned correctly.
• Corrosion inhibitors and lubricating
oils may contain alkali. DO NOT
get the substance in eyes and
avoid prolonged or repeated
contact with skin. DO NOT
swallow. If ingested, seek
immediate medical attention. DO
NOT induce vomiting. In case of
contact, immediately wash skin
with soap and water. In case of
harmful contact, immediately
contact a physician. Always keep
any chemicals OUT OF REACH
OF CHILDREN.
• Naphtha and Methyl Ethyl Ketone
(MEK) are flammable materials and
must be used with caution. Follow
the manufacturer's instructions to
ensure safety when using these
materials. Always keep any
chemicals OUT OF REACH OF
CHILDREN.
• When working on the vehicle, be
alert for hot parts on systems that
have just been turned off, exhaust
gas flow, and hot fluids in lines,
tubes, and compartments. Contact
with any hot surface may cause
burns.
• Always use tools that are in good
condition. Make sure you have the
proper understanding of how to use
the tools before performing any
service work. Use only genuine
replacement parts from PACCAR.
• Always use the same fastener part
number (or equivalent) when
replacing items. DO NOT use a
fastener of lesser quality if
replacements are necessary. (e.g.,
DO NOT replace an SAE 10.9
grade with 8.8 grade fastener.)
• Always torque fasteners and fuel
connections to the required
specifications. Overtightening or
under-tightening can allow leakage.
• Close the manual fuel valves prior
to performing maintenance and
repairs, and when storing the
vehicle inside.
• DO NOT perform any repair when
impaired, tired, fatigued, or after
consuming alcohol or drugs that
can impair your functioning.
• Some state and federal agencies in
the United States of America have
determined that used engine oil
can be carcinogenic and can cause
reproductive toxicity. Avoid
inhalation of vapors, ingestion, and
prolonged contact with used engine
oil.
• DO NOT connect the jump starting
or battery charging cables to any
ignition or governor control wiring.
This can cause electrical damage
to the ignition or governor.
• Coolant is toxic. If not reused,
dispose of coolant in accordance
with local environmental
regulations.
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CAUTION
Corrosive chemicals can damage the
engine. DO NOT use corrosive chemi-
cals on the engine. Failure to comply
may result in equipment or property
damage.
California Proposition 65 Warning
• Diesel engine exhaust and some of
its constituents are known to the
State of California to cause cancer,
birth defects, and other
reproductive harm.
• The catalyst substrate located in
the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
contains vanadium pentoxide,
which has been determined by the
State of California to cause cancer.
Always wear protective clothing
and eye protection when handling
the catalyst assembly. Dispose of
the catalyst in accordance with
local regulations. If catalyst
material gets into the eyes,
immediately flood eyes with water
for a minimum of 15 minutes. Avoid
prolonged contact with skin. In
case of contact, immediately wash
skin with soap and water. In case
of harmful contact, immediately
contact a physician.
• Other chemicals in this vehicle are
also known to the State of
California to cause cancer, birth
defects or other reproductive harm.
• Battery posts, terminals, and
related accessories contain lead
and lead compounds, chemicals
known to the State of California to
cause cancer and reproductive
harm. Wash hands after handling.
Repairs
WARNING
DO NOT attempt repair work without
sufficient training, service manuals,
and the proper tools. You could be kil-
led or injured, or you could make your
vehicle unsafe. Perform only those
tasks you are fully qualified to do.
WARNING
Modifying your vehicle can make it un-
safe. Some modifications can affect
your vehicle's electrical system, stabili-
ty, or other important functions. Before
modifying your vehicle, check with
your dealer to make sure it can be
done safely. Improper modifications
can cause death or personal injury.
CAUTION
The installation of electronic devices to
the On-board Diagnostics (OBD) con-
nector, the vehicle Controller Area Net-
work (CAN), or their associated wiring
is not permitted. Doing so can ad-
versely affect vehicle performance
and/or cause fault codes to be record-
ed. The OBD connector is provided for
temporary connection of service tools
and for diagnostic purposes only.
Your dealer’s service center is the best
place to have your vehicle repaired. You
can find dealers all over the country with
the equipment and trained personnel to get
SAFETY - Repairs
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you back on the road quickly—and keep
you there.
Your vehicle is a complex machine.
Anyone attempting repairs on it needs
good mechanical training and the proper
tools. However, all warranty repairs must
be performed by a PACCAR Powertrain
distributor. If you aren’t an experienced
mechanic, or don’t have the right
equipment, please leave all repairs to a
PACCAR Powertrain distributor. They are
the ones best equipped to do the job safely
and correctly.
Maintenance Manuals
If you decide to do any complex repair
work, you’ll need the maintenance
manuals. Order them from your PACCAR
Powertrain distributor. Please provide your
Chassis Serial Number when you order, to
be sure you get the correct manuals for
your vehicle. Allow about four weeks for
delivery. There will be a charge for these
manuals.
Final Chassis Bill of Material
A complete, non-illustrated computer
printout listing of the parts used to custom-
build your vehicle is available through the
dealer from whom you purchased your
vehicle.
SAFETY - Repairs
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SAFETY - Repairs
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Chapter 2 | FEATURES
Auxiliary Transmission (option)........................................................................................................... 14
Auto-neutral.........................................................................................................................................14
Clutch Abuse Protection......................................................................................................................14
Coast Mode.........................................................................................................................................14
Creep Mode........................................................................................................................................ 15
Cruise Control..................................................................................................................................... 15
Engine Underspeed Protection........................................................................................................... 15
Engine Overspeed Protection............................................................................................................. 15
High-range Reverse (PRO only)......................................................................................................... 15
Hill Start Aid (HSA)..............................................................................................................................16
Hold Gear Mode (option).....................................................................................................................16
Load-based Shifting............................................................................................................................ 16
Low Mode............................................................................................................................................16
MAX Mode.......................................................................................................................................... 17
Neutral Coast Mode............................................................................................................................ 17
Optimized Gear Selection................................................................................................................... 17
FEATURES -
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Transmission Power Take-off (PTO) (option)...................................................................................... 18
Urge to Move.......................................................................................................................................18
FEATURES -
Y53-1349-1A1 (02/2022) 13
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Auxiliary Transmission
(option)
This transmission can be equipped and
configured to utilize an auxiliary
transmission. The auxiliary transmission is
activated using the auxiliary transmission
switch (see Auxiliary Transmission Switch
(option) on page 31). See the auxiliary
transmission operator's manual for
operation of the auxiliary transmission.
Auto-neutral
The Auto-neutral feature will automatically
shift the transmission into Neutral if it is left
in a forward or reverse mode (such as Low,
Drive, or Reverse) and the parking brake is
set. The transmission gear display shows
AN when Auto-neutral is activated.
NOTE
If Auto-neutral has been activated, the
transmission will not shift into Drive (D)
or Reverse (R) until the shifter is first
moved to Neutral (N) before selecting
another transmission mode.
Clutch Abuse Protection
The clutch can overheat with improper use.
If clutch temperature is elevated or
overheating (see Clutch Temperature
Gauge on page 24), Clutch Abuse
Protection will turn on, producing an
audible tone and may indicate CA in the
transmission gear display (option).
When active, Clutch Abuse Protection
• Limits launch gears to 1st and R1
• Disables Urge to Move
• Disables Creep Mode
When Clutch Abuse Protection is active,
full clutch actuation must be completed
quickly or the clutch will automatically close
when the accelerator pedal is pressed and
open when it is not. If clutch abuse
continues, Clutch Abuse Protection will
prevent clutch engagement and
temporarily remove control of the
accelerator pedal, allowing the clutch to
cool down.
Coast Mode
Coast Mode shifts the transmission into
neutral when coasting to a stop, providing
a smooth stopping experience.
When slowing down on level terrain, the
transmission will downshift, remaining in
gear until it reaches the coast down gear. If
the vehicle continues to slow (and the
accelerator pedal is not applied), the
transmission assumes the operator intends
to stop, and shifts into neutral.
Coast Down Gear: 7 th
If the accelerator pedal is applied while in
Coast Down mode, the transmission will
shift into a gear appropriate for the current
vehicle operating conditions.
NOTE
The Coast Down Gear can be
changed at your PACCAR Powertrain
distributor.
FEATURES - Auxiliary Transmission (option)
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Creep Mode
Creep mode allows the vehicle to be driven
at a constant speed at engine idle without
pressing the accelerator pedal. This
feature is useful for slow speed
applications where steady vehicle speed is
required. Creep speed can be adjusted by
upshifting and downshifting the
transmission.
Cruise Control
WARNING
DO NOT operate the cruise control
when operating on road surfaces with
poor traction (wet, icy, or snow cov-
ered roads) or in heavy traffic. Acceler-
ations caused by the normal operation
of the cruise control could cause you
to lose control of the vehicle resulting
in an injury accident.
This transmission system is compatible
with cruise control.
Cruise control functions and features may
vary depending on which engine you have.
For a specific explanation of your cruise
control, see the cruise control or engine
manual included with your vehicle. This
vehicle's electronic system will perform a
‘rationality check’ every time the vehicle is
started. This check is to ensure that the
service brakes are working before allowing
cruise control to function. This safety
feature is designed to ensure that a driver
is able to cancel the cruise set speed by
using the service brake pedal. The system
will not allow cruise control operation if it
does not pass the ‘rationality check.’ The
display will prompt you to press the service
brake pedal if it has not been pressed
since the vehicle was turned on.
Engine Underspeed
Protection
The transmission will downshift to prevent
engine lug (driving in high gear at low rpm)
and a potential stall during an engine
underspeed condition.
Engine underspeed protection is active
when in Drive or Manual mode.
Engine Overspeed
Protection
The transmission will upshift to prevent an
engine overspeed condition.
Engine Overspeed Protection is active in
Drive, Manual, and Low modes.
High-range Reverse (PRO
only)
This transmission supports operation in
three high-range reverse gears (R4-R6)
providing the higher reverse operating
speeds useful for certain vehicle
applications. See Reverse Mode on page
28.
NOTE
The minimum and maximum manual
reverse starting gear can be adjusted
at a PACCAR Powertrain distributor.
FEATURES - Creep Mode
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Hill Start Aid (HSA)
Hill Start Aid (HSA) prevents unwanted
vehicle movement on steep grades when
transitioning from the brake to throttle
pedal. HSA can be disabled using the Hill
Start Aid Disable switch (see Hill Start Aid
(HSA) Disable Switch on page 31).
HSA activates by default on a road grade
of 2% or greater, but can be configured to
activate on a 1% or 3% grade. See Hill
Start Aid Operation (HSA) on page 37 for
use.
Hold Gear Mode (option)
Hold Gear mode replaces Manual mode
and is useful when the operator wants to
use the engine braking provided by a
specific gear (reducing brake usage) or
when the resulting jolt from changing gears
might prove unfavorable due to the current
driving conditions.
When activated, Hold Gear mode has two
available effects:
• If the current gear is lower than the
programmed hold gear, the
transmission will not upshift further
than the programmed hold gear
and will deny any upshift requests
that exceed the hold gear (see
Manual Mode).
• If the current gear is equal to or
higher than the hold gear, Hold
Gear mode will maintain the
current gear and deny any shift
requests made by the operator
(see Manual Mode).
NOTE
The hold gear can be changed at a
PACCAR Powertrain distributor.
Load-based Shifting
This feature will adjust the transmission
shift schedule, changing the shift points,
based on
•Vehicle weight (load)
• Road grade
• Engine rpm
• Accelerator pedal position
These inputs help determine when to
smoothly (and efficiently) shift between
gears, improving fuel economy and
performance. The transmission then
retains the new shift schedule when
making future shifting decisions. If vehicle
load changes, load-based shifting will need
to set a new shift schedule, adjusting the
shift points after the first few shifts.
If the operator selects a gear that will result
in engine lugging or overspeeding, the shift
will be denied.
Load-based shifting can be customized to
meet a variety of transmission calibrations
(see Calibration Options on page 61):
• Standard
• Performance
• Tanker
NOTE
A new calibration can be selected at a
PACCAR Powertrain distributor. Not all
calibration options are available with
all engine/transmission model combi-
nations.
Low Mode
Low mode restricts the transmission to first
gear, providing additional torque. If
activated while moving, Low mode will
downshift the transmission, slowing the
FEATURES - Hill Start Aid (HSA)
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vehicle, until first gear is achieved (see
Low Mode Operation on page 38 for use).
Use Low mode to
•Stop the vehicle when carrying a
heavy load while remaining in gear
– this is assisted by activating the
engine brake (see Engine Brake
Operation on page 30).
• Maintain smooth, continuous power
when going up or down steep
grades at a low vehicle speed (10
mph or less).
NOTE
Overspeed protection remains active
while Low mode is engaged.
MAX Mode
MAX mode applies engine braking and the
transmission lower gears to quickly slow
the vehicle without using, and potentially
overheating, the service brakes or rocking
the cab.
NOTE
MAX mode is not a substitute for using
the service brakes in urgent situations.
When activated, MAX displays on the
Engine Brake Indicator (see Engine Brake
Indicator on page 23) and the
transmission begins downshifting and
using 100% engine braking. The
transmission stops downshifting in 7 th
gear, the coastdown gear. See MAX Mode
Operation on page 39 for use.
Neutral Coast Mode
Neutral Coast mode places the
transmission into Neutral on slight downhill
grades, improving fuel economy. Neutral
Coast mode only operates when cruise
control is active and the transmission is in
Drive.
When Neutral Coast Mode is active, the
engine will drop to idle speed and the
transmission will disengage. The gear
display shows a green N when Neutral
Coast mode is active. The transmission
exits Neutral Coast, returning to an
appropriate gear, when the
• Vehicle brake is applied
•Operator depresses accelerator
pedal
•A mode other than Drive is
selected
• Operator performs an upshift or
downshift request
• Cruise control is canceled
• Cruise high or low set speeds are
exceeded
• Maximum vehicle grade is
exceeded
• Driver Assistance systems (ADAS)
make a brake request
Optimized Gear Selection
This feature will automatically select the
start gear depending on the following
conditions:
• Vehicle weight (load)
• Road grade
• Axle / transmission ratio
The start gear selection can be changed
using an upshift or downshift request, as
long as the selection requested would not
cause transmission damage or engine
lugging.
FEATURES - MAX Mode
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This transmission will shift multiple gears at
one time (skip shift) with moderate to high
accelerator pedal input while in Drive
mode, up to the 18 th gear.
Unacceptable start gear request will be
denied (see Start Gears on page 35).
NOTE
If the driver attempts to select a non-
neutral mode without applying the
service brake, the transmission will not
shift into gear. If this is attempted, the
driver will need to re-select Neutral
(N), and then press the service brake
before a new mode can be selected.
NOTE
If vehicle weight drops (load is re-
moved) while the engine is running,
the current start gear is maintained un-
til the vehicle has been driven a short
distance. If weight drops with the en-
gine off, the default start gear is used
until the vehicle has been driven a
short distance. This allows the trans-
mission to adapt to the new weight.
Transmission Power Take-
off (PTO) (option)
The transmission may have a PTO
installed. Engaging the PTO differs if it is
operating in either a mobile or a stationary
application (See Mobile Transmission-PTO
Operation (option) on page 39 and
Stationary Transmission-PTO Operation
(option) on page 40 for use).
Urge to Move
At vehicle launch, Urge to Move
automatically starts moving the vehicle
once a transmission mode is selected
(Drive or Reverse) and the service brakes
have been released.
After vehicle launch, the vehicle will creep
at constant speed in the selected direction
(Drive or Reverse) without use of the
accelerator pedal (see Creep Mode on
page 15). Urge to Move is useful for stop
and go applications.
NOTE
If an unexpected amount of torque is
required to launch the vehicle (for ex-
ample, if the trailer brakes are engag-
ed) Urge to Move will disable, present-
ing a popup on the display. To re-ena-
ble Urge to Move, place the transmis-
sion in Neutral and then back into
drive. When the popup disappears,
Urge to Move has been re-enabled.
If the torque required to launch the vehicle
exceeds the Urge to Move safety
threshold, the accelerator pedal can still be
used to launch the vehicle.
FEATURES - Transmission Power Take-off (PTO) (option)
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