palintest Macro 900 User manual

Macro 900 Water
Quality System
Operation Manual
www.palintest.com

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Note: For return for recycling, please contact Palintest Ltd for instructions on how to return
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including, but not limited to, loss of profits or revenue or anticipated profits or revenue
or expenses incurred arising out of the use or inability to use any Palintest product,
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TRADEMARKS
Microsoft®, Windows® and Excel® are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation
GOOGLE™ is a trademark of Google, Inc. StablCal® is a trademark of the HACH Company
Palintest Ltd has no affiliation with Microsoft Corporation, Google, Inc. or HACH

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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................8
2. WHAT’S IN THE BOX?.........................................................................................................................................8
2.1. THE MACRO 900 AND THE ENVIRONMENT.....................................................................................................8
2.2. THE MAP 2000/2100 AND THE ENVIRONMENT ..........................................................................................8
2.3. IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROBE SLEEVE & SLEEVE END CAP...............................................9
2.4. TOP TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL MEASUREMENTS USING OPTICAL ELECTRODES ..............................................11
2.5. ABOUT THE LANYARD .....................................................................................................................................11
3. BATTERY INSTALLATION AND CARE.......................................................................................................12
3.1. CHOICE OF BATTERY TYPE.............................................................................................................................12
3.2. BATTERY LIFE..................................................................................................................................................12
3.3. BATTERY CHARGING.......................................................................................................................................12
3.4. BATTERY CONDITION ICON ...........................................................................................................................12
3.5. BATTERY SAVER FUNCTIONS .........................................................................................................................12
4. OVERVIEW OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM .............................................................................................13
4.1. INITIAL SWITCH ON, LANGUAGE AND CLOCK SETUP..................................................................................13
5. CONNECTING AN MAP 2000/2100...........................................................................................................15
6. TAKING MEASUREMENTS...............................................................................................................................15
6.1. WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN?..........................................................................................................................16
6.2. TREND INDICATION ........................................................................................................................................17
6.3. GLOBAL STABILITY INDICATION....................................................................................................................18
6.4. TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION .....................................................................................................................18
6.5. GPS RECEPTION.............................................................................................................................................19
7. DEPTH MEASUREMENT (MAP 2100 ONLY)...........................................................................................20
7.1. TAKING DEPTH MEASUREMENTS ...................................................................................................................20
7.2. DIFFERENTIAL DEPTH MEASUREMENT ..........................................................................................................20
8. MEMORY MODE ....................................................................................................................................................21
8.1. MANUALLY SAVING READINGS ......................................................................................................................21
8.2. RECALLING AND VIEWING SAVED READINGS ..............................................................................................21
8.3. RECALLING GLP DATA...................................................................................................................................21
8.4. CLEARING THE MEMORY.................................................................................................................................22
8.5. AUTOMATIC DATA LOGGING..........................................................................................................................22
8.6. IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT MEMORY MODE .....................................................................................23
9. SETUP & INSTALL...............................................................................................................................................24
9.1. SETTING UNITS OF MEASUREMENT...............................................................................................................24
9.2. AUX SOCKET ASSIGNMENT...........................................................................................................................26
10. MACROCAL CALIBRATION METHOD......................................................................................................28
10.1. ABOUT CALIBRATION.................................................................................................................................28
10.2. SPECIAL NOTES CONCERNING ISE ELECTRODES...................................................................................28
10.3. USING MACROCAL.....................................................................................................................................29
To Calibrate the 100% Saturation Point in Damp Air...........................................................................31
10.4. CALIBRATION ERROR MESSAGES .............................................................................................................31
10.5. RESETTING TO FACTORY CALIBRATION DEFAULTS .................................................................................32
10.6. CALIBRATION DATA STORAGE..................................................................................................................33
10.7. CALIBRATION REPORTS.............................................................................................................................33
11. AFTER USE ...........................................................................................................................................................34
12. GENERAL PROBE MAINTENANCE............................................................................................................35

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12.1. IDENTIFYING THE INDIVIDUAL ELECTRODES...........................................................................................35
13. PH/ORP ELECTRODE CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE........................................................36
13.1. RECOGNISING THE PH/ORP ELECTRODE ................................................................................................36
13.2. ELECTRODE REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT ..............................................................................................36
13.3. KEEPING THE ELECTRODES MOIST...........................................................................................................36
13.4. CALIBRATING PH........................................................................................................................................36
13.5. SPECIAL NOTES CONCERNING ISE ELECTRODES...................................................................................37
13.5.1. Calibrating the First Point (pH 7.00) ........................................................................................37
13.5.2. Calibrating the Second Point .......................................................................................................39
13.5.3. Calibrating the Third Point ...........................................................................................................39
13.6. ERRORS DURING CALIBRATION................................................................................................................39
13.7. PH ELECTRODE EFFICIENCY ......................................................................................................................39
13.8. SERVICING THE PH ELECTRODE ...............................................................................................................40
13.9. CALIBRATING ORP ....................................................................................................................................40
13.10. CONVERTING ORP READINGS TO THE HYDROGEN SCALE.....................................................................43
14. DO/EC ELECTRODE CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE...........................................................44
14.1. RECOGNISING THE DO/EC ELECTRODE..................................................................................................44
14.2. DO MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE ...............................................................................................................44
14.3. PRECAUTIONS DURING USE......................................................................................................................44
14.4. CALIBRATING THE DO/EC ELECTRODE ...................................................................................................44
14.5. CALIBRATING THE DO ZERO POINT.........................................................................................................44
14.6. CALIBRATING THE DO 100% SATURATION POINT IN MOIST AIR.......................................................46
14.7. REPLACING THE OPTICAL DO CAP ...........................................................................................................46
14.8. CALIBRATING EC .......................................................................................................................................48
14.9. VERIFYING EC CALIBRATION....................................................................................................................50
14.10. ERRORS DURING CALIBRATION................................................................................................................50
14.11. CLEANING THE EC CONTACTS ..................................................................................................................51
15. OPTIONAL OPTICAL PROBES CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE .....................................52
15.1. PT 1551 TURBIDITY PROBE.....................................................................................................................54
15.1.1. About Turbidity.................................................................................................................................54
15.1.2. Precautions During Use .................................................................................................................54
15.1.3. Calibrating the Turbidity Electrodes .........................................................................................55
15.1.4. Turbidity Zero Point Calibration .................................................................................................55
15.1.5. Calibrating the Turbidity 1000 NTU Point...............................................................................57
15.1.6. Errors During Calibration ..............................................................................................................57
15.1.7. Lens and Sleeve Maintenance ....................................................................................................57
15.1.8. References..........................................................................................................................................57
15.2. PT 1552 FRESHWATER BLUE-GREEN ALGAE (PHYCOCYANIN) PROBE ................................................59
15.2.1. Principle of Operation.....................................................................................................................59
15.2.2. Limitations of Use............................................................................................................................59
15.2.3. Calibrating the BGA-PC Electrode .............................................................................................59
15.2.4. Calibration Solution Preparation ................................................................................................60
15.2.5. Serial Dilution ...................................................................................................................................60
15.2.6. Zero Point Calibration ....................................................................................................................62
15.2.7. Calibrating Point 2...........................................................................................................................63
15.2.8. Errors During Calibration ..............................................................................................................64
15.2.9. Lens and Sleeve Maintenance ....................................................................................................65
15.3. PT 1553 MARINE WATER BLUE-GREEN ALGAE (PHYCOERYTHRIN) PROBE ........................................66
15.3.1. Principle of Operation.....................................................................................................................66
15.3.2. Limitations of Use............................................................................................................................66
15.3.3. Calibrating the BGA-PE Probe.....................................................................................................66
15.3.4. Calibration Solution Preparation ................................................................................................67
15.3.5. Serial Dilution ...................................................................................................................................67
15.3.6. Zero Point Calibration ....................................................................................................................69
15.3.7. Calibrating Point 2...........................................................................................................................70
15.3.8. Errors During Calibration ..............................................................................................................71

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15.3.9. Lens and Sleeve Maintenance ....................................................................................................72
15.4. PT 1556 CHLOROPHYLL PROBE...............................................................................................................73
15.4.1. Principle of Operation.....................................................................................................................73
15.4.2. Limitations of Use............................................................................................................................73
15.4.3. Calibrating the CPHYLL Probe .....................................................................................................73
15.4.4. Calibration Solution Preparation ................................................................................................74
15.4.5. Serial Dilution ...................................................................................................................................74
15.4.6. Zero Point Calibration ....................................................................................................................75
15.4.7. Calibrating Point 2...........................................................................................................................76
15.4.8. Errors During Calibration ..............................................................................................................76
15.4.9. Lens and Sleeve Maintenance ....................................................................................................78
15.5. PT 1554 RHODAMINE WT PROBE...........................................................................................................79
15.5.1. Principle of Operation.....................................................................................................................79
15.5.2. Limitations of Use............................................................................................................................79
15.5.3. Calibrating the RHOD Probe ........................................................................................................79
15.5.4. Calibration Solution Preparation ................................................................................................79
15.5.5. Serial Dilution ...................................................................................................................................80
15.5.6. Zero Point Calibration ....................................................................................................................80
15.5.7. Calibrating Point 2...........................................................................................................................82
15.5.8. Errors During Calibration ..............................................................................................................82
15.5.9. Lens and Sleeve Maintenance ....................................................................................................82
15.6. PT 1555 FLUORESCEIN DYE PROBE .......................................................................................................83
15.6.1. Principle of Operation.....................................................................................................................83
15.6.2. Limitations of Use............................................................................................................................83
15.6.3. Calibrating the FSCEIN Probe .....................................................................................................83
15.6.4. Calibration Solution Preparation ................................................................................................83
15.6.5. Serial Dilution ...................................................................................................................................84
15.6.6. Zero Point Calibration ....................................................................................................................84
15.6.7. Calibrating Point 2...........................................................................................................................86
15.6.8. Errors During Calibration ..............................................................................................................86
15.6.9. Lens and Sleeve Maintenance ....................................................................................................86
15.7. PT 1557 REFINED OIL (HYDROCARBON) PROBE ..................................................................................87
15.7.1. Principle of Operation.....................................................................................................................87
15.7.2. Limitations of Use............................................................................................................................87
15.7.3. Special Precautions When Using the REFOIL Probe ...........................................................88
15.7.4. Calibrating the REFOIL Probe .....................................................................................................88
15.7.5. Calibration Solution Preparation ................................................................................................88
15.7.6. Serial Dilution ...................................................................................................................................89
15.7.7. Zero Point Calibration ....................................................................................................................89
15.7.8. Calibrating Point 2...........................................................................................................................91
15.7.9. Errors During Calibration ..............................................................................................................91
15.7.10. Lens and Sleeve Maintenance................................................................................................91
16. OPTIONAL ISE ELECTRODES CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE ......................................93
16.1. ISE ELECTRODE LIMITATIONS..................................................................................................................93
16.2. CALIBRATION POINTS................................................................................................................................93
16.3. SPECIAL NOTES CONCERNING ISE ELECTRODES DURING PH CALIBRATION.......................................93
16.4. PT 1541 AMMONIUM/AMMONIA ELECTRODE .........................................................................................94
16.4.1. Ammonium Calibration Solution Preparation........................................................................94
16.4.2. Three-point Calibration .................................................................................................................95
POINT 2.........................................................................................................................................................................96
POINT 3.........................................................................................................................................................................97
16.4.3. Two-point Calibration.....................................................................................................................97
16.4.4. Single-point Calibration.................................................................................................................97
16.4.5. Errors During Calibration ..............................................................................................................98
16.5. PT 1542 NITRATE ELECTRODE................................................................................................................99
16.5.1. Nitrate Calibration Solution Preparation .................................................................................99
16.5.2. Three-point Calibration ...............................................................................................................100
POINT 2.......................................................................................................................................................................101

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POINT 3.......................................................................................................................................................................102
16.5.3. Two-point Calibration...................................................................................................................102
16.5.4. Single-point Calibration...............................................................................................................102
16.5.5. Errors During Calibration ............................................................................................................103
16.6. PT 1543 CHLORIDE ELECTRODE ...........................................................................................................104
16.6.1. Chloride Calibration Solution Preparation ............................................................................104
16.6.2. Three-point Calibration ...............................................................................................................105
POINT 2.......................................................................................................................................................................106
POINT 3.......................................................................................................................................................................107
16.6.3. Two-point Calibration...................................................................................................................107
16.6.4. Single-point Calibration...............................................................................................................107
16.6.5. Errors During Calibration ............................................................................................................108
16.7. PT 1544 CALCIUM ELECTRODE .............................................................................................................109
16.7.1. Calcium Calibration Solution Preparation.............................................................................109
16.7.2. Three-point Calibration ...............................................................................................................110
POINT 2.......................................................................................................................................................................111
POINT 3.......................................................................................................................................................................112
16.7.3. Two-point Calibration...................................................................................................................112
16.7.4. Single-point Calibration...............................................................................................................112
16.7.5. Errors During Calibration ............................................................................................................113
16.8. PT 1545 FLUORIDE ELECTRODE............................................................................................................114
16.8.1. Fluoride Calibration Solution Preparation.............................................................................114
16.8.2. Three-point Calibration ...............................................................................................................115
POINT 2.......................................................................................................................................................................116
POINT 3.......................................................................................................................................................................117
16.8.3. Two-point Calibration...................................................................................................................117
16.8.4. Single-point Calibration...............................................................................................................117
16.8.5. Errors During Calibration ............................................................................................................118
17. MACRO 900 LINK PC SOFTWARE..........................................................................................................119
17.1. SOFTWARE INSTALLATION ......................................................................................................................119
17.2. DRIVER INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................119
17.3. RUNNING MACRO 900 LINK...................................................................................................................119
17.4. UPLOADING DATA FROM YOUR MACRO 900 METER............................................................................120
17.5. DISPLAYING GPS CO-ORDINATES .........................................................................................................121
17.6. ON SCREEN HELP ....................................................................................................................................122
17.7. SAVING LOGGED DATA ...........................................................................................................................122
17.8. RETRIEVING LOGGED DATA ....................................................................................................................122
17.9. EXPORTING DATA ....................................................................................................................................122
17.10. EXPORTING TEXT REPORTS.....................................................................................................................122
17.11. TYPICAL TEXT REPORT COVER PAGE .....................................................................................................124
17.12. EXPORTING EXCEL® FILES......................................................................................................................125
17.13. EXPORTING GOOGLE™ FILES.................................................................................................................125
17.14. IMPORTING FILES INTO GOOGLE™ MAPS .............................................................................................125
17.15. IMPORTING FILES INTO GOOGLE™ EARTH............................................................................................126
17.16. GOOGLE™ EXAMPLES..............................................................................................................................127
18. LIMITED WARRANTY ...................................................................................................................................128
18.1. CLEANING PRIOR TO RETURN ................................................................................................................128
18.2. DECONTAMINATION CERTIFICATE ..........................................................................................................129
19. TROUBLESHOOTING.....................................................................................................................................130
20. DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY...........................................................................................................131
21. APPENDIX 1. THE TECH BEHIND PALINTEST’S OPTICAL DO MEASUREMENT
SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................................................................133
21.1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION.......................................................................................................................133
21.2. SENSOR CAP LIFE....................................................................................................................................134

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22. APPENDIX 2. FLOW THROUGH CELL...................................................................................................135
22.1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................135
22.2. SPIGOT INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................135
22.3. PROBE INSTALLATION..............................................................................................................................135
22.4. OPERATION...............................................................................................................................................135
22.5. CAUTION...................................................................................................................................................136
22.6. CLEANING .................................................................................................................................................136
22.7. FLOWCELL TROUBLESHOOTING...............................................................................................................136
23. APPENDIX 3. FITTING AUX ELECTRODES .......................................................................................137
23.1. INSTALLING AUX ELECTRODES..............................................................................................................137
23.2. SOCKET ASSIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION .............................................................................................138
24. APPENDIX 4. STANDARD ELECTRODES DETAILED SPECIFICATION ...............................140
25. APPENDIX 5. OPTICAL PROBES DETAILED SPECIFICATION AND FAQS .......................142
25.1. WHAT ARE THE EXCITATION AND DETECTION WAVELENGTHS?............................................................142
25.2. HOW DOES THE REFINED OIL SENSOR WORK?.....................................................................................142
25.3. I CAN SEE ALGAE IN THE WATER BUT MY SENSOR IS GIVING LOW READINGS. WHY?.......................143
25.4. WHAT IS THE RANGE AND RESOLUTION OF THE OPTICAL PROBES?...................................................143
25.5. WHAT IS THE ACCURACY OF THE OPTICAL PROBES?...........................................................................144
26. APPENDIX 6. ISE ELECTRODES DETAILED SPECIFICATION ................................................145
26.1. SPECIAL NOTES CONCERNING ISE ELECTRODES DURING PH CALIBRATION.....................................147

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1. Introduction
This manual covers the setup, operation, calibration and maintenance of the
Macro Accessory Probe (MAP) 2000/2100, Macro 900 Meter v2, Macro 900 Link
PC software and associated accessories.
2. What’s in the Box?
The Macro 900 Water Quality System is supplied with the following:
The Macro 900 Meter.
Quick release lanyard.
Set of 5 AA Alkaline batteries.
USB Cable for downloading logged data to a PC.
Cross-head screwdriver for fitting the batteries and Probe
maintenance.
Quick start manual.
CD containing Macro 900 Link software, USB drivers and this
Instruction Manual.
The MAP 2000/2100 probe is supplied with the following:
Protective Sleeve End Cap with End Cap Plug fitted.
Calibration bottle filled with MacroCal Solution.
Spare calibration / rinse bottle.
One mounting nut (pre-fitted).
25mL bottle of pH storage solution.
Pot of silicone grease.
To complete your system you will also need a connection cable, available in
various lengths, plus additional optional optical probes and ion selective
electrodes.
2.1. The Macro 900 and the Environment
The Macro 900 Meter is designed to be used outdoors and is rated to IP67, that
is to say it is waterproof but it is not designed for submersion. In order to
prevent accidental dunking or loss, a lanyard is supplied.
Please note that the socket on the Macro 900 Meter is only waterproof
when the associated plug is fitted. Without the plug fitted, water can
enter the socket. Damage caused by water ingress through the socket
is not covered by your warranty.
You may notice a small hole on the rear of the unit near the top. This is a
waterproof vent for the internal barometric sensor. Do not poke anything in
this hole! Doing so will cause major damage to the vent’s waterproof
membrane and invalidate your warranty.
2.2. The MAP 2000/2100 and the Environment
The MAP 2000/2100 is designed to be fully submerged in water and is rated to

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IP68, that is to say, it is rated for continual immersion to a depth of 10 meters,
and short term immersion to 50 meters.
2.3. Important Information about the Probe Sleeve & Sleeve End Cap
The MAP 2000/2100 is constructed with an aluminium sleeve surrounding the
delicate sensing electrodes. The Sleeve can be easily removed by unscrewing to
allow cleaning of the individual electrodes, however, the Probe sleeve forms
an integral, working part of the Probe’s measurement system, and
MUST be fitted for correct operation.

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All Palintest Optical Electrodes are incredibly sensitive. For example,
the Turbidity electrode is capable of measuring between 0 and
3000NTU with an internal resolution of greater than 0.1NTU. This
means that the electrode is able to detect changes in turbidity that is
less than 0.003% of the full range! The other optical electrodes have a
similar level of sensitivity.
It follows, therefore, that in order to provide stable, repeatable readings, the
environment in which the measurements are made must be completely stable
and repeatable.
For this reason, the MAP
2000/2100 is constructed
with a matt black aluminium
sleeve and end cap that
enclose the sensing
electrodes and provide a
closed, constant condition,
non-reflective measurement
chamber.
This is essential for the
correct calibration and
operation of all types of
optical electrodes.
A diagram of the MAP
2000/2100’s measurement
chamber is shown here.
In order to obtain consistent results, the measurement chamber
created must remain physically constant during both calibration and
measurement.
If the optical electrode is calibrated under one set of conditions then used to
measure under another set of conditions, the readings will naturally be
erroneous, especially at low concentrations.
A perfect example of this is calibrating with the end cap removed then
measuring with the end cap fitted (or vice-versa). By changing the physical
characteristics of the measurement chamber, you also change the calibration
and response of the electrode.

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2.4. Top Tips for successful measurements using optical electrodes
Always keep the measurement chamber and electrode lenses clean.
Always fit the sleeve and end cap during both calibration and measurement.
Ensure the End Cap Plug is also always fitted.
Always allow the readings to settle completely during both calibration and
measurement.
Always try to eliminate air bubbles by agitating the Probe after insertion
both during calibration and measurement.
Always calibrate and zero the electrode as close to your sample temperature
as possible. This is especially important with the PT 1557 Refined Oil probe.
Always zero the optical electrodes just prior to use in clean water (bottled
still mineral water is ideal) then deploy without disturbing the
measurement chamber. This is especially important when using the
Turbidity and Refined Oil probes.
2.5. About the Lanyard
The lanyard supplied with the Macro 900 Meter may, at first, appear to be a
little long. This is intentional. In order to keep the Meter out of the way whilst
your hands are full, the lanyard has been made long enough to wear round
your neck and over your shoulder so the Meter sits on your hip.
The extra length also allows the meter to be held in a comfortable position in
front of you during normal use. In order to prevent you being dragged into the
water in the event of the Probe cable becoming snagged, the lanyard includes a
quick-release clip.

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3. Battery Installation and Care
The Macro 900 Meter requires five AA size batteries. To install the batteries,
loosen the two screws on the centreline of the rear of the meter and remove
the battery compartment lid. Following the battery polarity markings inside the
battery compartment, insert five AA cells then replace the compartment lid and
tighten the screws.
3.1. Choice of Battery Type
Alkaline or rechargeable batteries may be used, but never mix battery types in
the meter. If you choose to use rechargeable batteries, we recommend
Energizer 2500mAh (or greater) Nickel-Metal Hydride cells, which are widely
available.
If the Meter is to be out of use for a long period, remove the batteries to
prevent damage due to possible leakage.
3.2. Battery Life
A set of fresh alkaline cells will give over 20 hours use in the Macro 900 Meter.
A fully charged set of 2500mAh NiMH cells will give up to 40 hours use in the
Macro 900 Meter.
3.3. Battery Charging
During the charging process, batteries generate heat and vent gasses, and
must never be charged inside a sealed unit. Because the Macro 900 Meter is a
sealed unit, we do not allow charging in-situ. Batteries must be removed and
charged with a suitable battery charger outside the Meter. We recommend the
use of one of the Energizer range of NiMH chargers.
3.4. Battery Condition Icon
On all the main Macro 900 Meter screens, a battery condition icon is displayed
in the top left corner. The icon shows full when the batteries are fresh, and
gradually empties as the batteries are used. When the batteries need replacing,
the empty battery icon will flash on and off. If you ignore this, the Meter will
automatically switch itself off when the battery voltage becomes too low for
reliable operation.
When using rechargeable batteries, the battery icon will not show completely
full, even with freshly charged cells. This is due to the fact that rechargeable
batteries are only rated at 1.2V per cell compared to 1.5V per cell for alkaline
batteries. This indication does not affect battery life. The icon will simply sit at
the ¾ full mark for a longer period of time.
3.5. Battery Saver Functions
The Macro 900 Meter is designed to switch off automatically if you do not touch
any of the keys for 30 minutes. The only exception to this is if you have
activated the Automatic Data Logging feature. In this case, the Meter will
continue to operate until either the memory is full or the batteries go flat.
The display on the Macro 900 Meter incorporates a white backlight to improve

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visibility in low-light conditions. As on a mobile phone, the backlight switches
on each time a key is pressed, and stays on at full brightness for 15 seconds.
After 15 seconds, the backlight will fade to half brightness. After a further 15
seconds the backlight will switch off.
During normal operation, if you want to activate the backlight without changing
the Meter function, simply press the ESC key.
4. Overview of the Operating System
The operating software in the Macro 900 Meter has been designed for simple,
intuitive use. Similarly, a great deal of development work has been put into
simplifying and automating the calibration procedures in the Macro 900 Meter in
order to allow normal field operatives (as opposed to trained lab technicians) to
achieve quick and accurate results.
If you are used to operating a mobile phone or programming audio/visual
equipment using a remote control, you should feel at home with the familiar
up/down left/right arrow shaped navigation keys and central OK key.
The tree structure behind the MENU key should also be very familiar. Each
item on the menu leads to a sub menu and then either onto further menus or
final choices. Each branch of the menu system is navigated using the arrow
keys. At each point, selections can be made by either pressing the OK key or
the right arrow key.
To reverse along a branch of the menu system, use the ESC (escape) key or
left arrow key. After a short time, you should be able to navigate around the
entire menu system at speed using just the four arrow keys. If, at any time,
you leave the Meter in one of the sub-menu screens, it will automatically back
out to the main operating screen after 15 seconds.
4.1. Initial Switch On, Language and Clock Setup
To switch the meter on or off, briefly press the red key. Do not hold it down.
The meter contains a clock and is capable of operating in several different
languages. When switching on for the first time, you must select an operating
language and set the clock. The first screen you will see is the Language
Selection Screen.
English
Francais
Deutsch
Espanol
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To enter your selection, press the OK key or the right arrow key.

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The next screen to be displayed is the Time & Date Setting Screen.
Time & Date
Time:15:46:37
Date:15/Jun/12
To set the time and date, use the arrow keys to move the cursor around the
screen. Use the up and down arrow keys to adjust values. When the time and
date are correct, press the OK key. Don’t worry if you make a mistake first
time round. You can easily get back to these screens later through the MENU
key.

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5. Connecting an MAP 2000/2100
The MAP 2000/2100 is designed to connect to the Macro 900 Meter using a
connecting cable. The cable features high-pressure metal connectors, which
incorporate several O-ring seals at the Probe end. Prior to first connection, the
seals must be lubricated using the silicone grease supplied.
Apply a generous smear of grease to the O-rings where indicated above. Be
careful not to get any grease inside the connector near the gold contacts. A
small smear of grease should also be applied to the thread on the Probe to
allow easy tightening of the collar.
To connect the cable to the MAP 2000/2100, align the coloured dot on the MAP
2000/2100 with the ◄Palintest logo on the plug body, then press the plug into
the socket and tighten the retaining collar fully. DO NOT TWIST THE
CONNECTOR BODY WITH RESPECT TO THE PROBE. Once the MAP
2000/2100 has been connected to the cable, the Macro 900 Meter can be
connected.
Always ensure the Macro 900 Meter is switched off prior to connecting or
disconnecting an MAP 2000/2100. Align the ◄Palintest logo on the plug body
with the red on/off switch on the Macro 900 Meter, then press the plug into the
socket and tighten the retaining collar.
Once the MAP 2000/2100 is connected to the Macro 900 Meter, switch the
Meter on by pressing the red on/off switch. The Macro 900 Meter should detect
the Probe and automatically start displaying readings.
6. Taking Measurements
The MAP 2000/2100 includes a pH/ORP electrode, which is kept moist by a
storage cap. Remove the storage cap by pulling the red lanyard marked
‘Remove Before Use / Replace After Use’ straight down. Do not use a twisting
motion to remove or replace the cap as this can unscrew the electrode
from the Probe body. Rinse any salty deposits from the pH/ORP electrode
with fresh water.
Fit the protective Sleeve End Cap into the end of the Probe sleeve. Switch the
Macro 900 Meter on and immerse the MAP 2000/2100 in the sample water,
making sure that the water level covers the minimum immersion depth groove
halfway up the Probe sleeve.
O-rings

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TIP: Occasional application of a smear of silicone grease or similar lubricant to
the protective Sleeve End Cap O ring and the inside rim of the Probe sleeve will
make fitting and removal of the Cap easier.
If the MAP 2000/2100 is connected correctly, the meter will read the Probe’s
serial number and model number, then will automatically configure itself to
display only those readings the current MAP 2000/2100 is capable of taking.
Initial Probe readings will be displayed on the meter’s screen along with the
current GPS status. The initial data screen for the Macro 900 Meter in
conjunction with the MAP 2000/2100 is shown below.
 TEMP:018.5°C 
ORP:0415.2 mV 
pH:06.48 
 GPS:Acquiring 
Left/right arrows at the bottom corners of the screen indicate further data
screens are available. To access these screens, simply press either the left or
right arrow keys. Any value that is out of range or unavailable will be displayed
as dashes. The other four screens available with the Macro 900/MAP 2000/2100
combination are shown below.
 DO:098.7% 
EC:6541µS/cm 
TDS:3271mg/L 
 GPS:3D Pos 
 SAL:03.57 PSU 
SSG:01.3σt 
 GPS:3D Pos 
 BARO:1013mb
DEPTH:01.75m
Hit [OK] to zero
 GPS:3D Pos 
 Lat:N51 °21.498
Long:E001°24.323
Alt:00050M 1013mb
 Sats in use:09 
6.1. What Does It All Mean?
The screens above show the full default range of readings for the Macro 900

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Meter and MAP 2000/2100 combination. If you are using a different
Meter/Probe combination, you may have fewer screens to choose from and the
readings may appear in a different order to facilitate logical screen layouts. If
an asterisk (*) character is flashing just below the battery symbol, this
indicates that Auto Data Logging is switched on. See Automatic Data Logging in
section 8.
The table below explains the readings and indicates which to expect with each
Meter/Probe combination.
Prefix
Meaning
Units
Available On
TEMP
Probe Temperature
°C or °F*
MAP 2000/ MAP 2100
pH
pH (Acidity/Alkalinity)
pH or pHmV*
MAP 2000/ MAP 2100
ORP
Oxidation Reduction
Potential
mV
MAP 2000/ MAP 2100
GPS
GPS Status
See section 6.5
Macro 900 Meter
DO
Dissolved Oxygen
%Sat or mg/L*
MAP 2000/ MAP 2100
EC
Electrical Conductivity
µS/cm or
mS/cm†
MAP 2000/ MAP 2100
TDS
Total Dissolved Solids
mg/L or g/l†
MAP 2000/ MAP 2100
SAL
Salinity
PSU or ppt*
MAP 2000/ MAP 2100
SSG
Sea Water Specific Gravity
σt
MAP 2000/ MAP 2100
BARO
Barometric Pressure
mb or mmHg*
Macro 900 Meter
DEPTH
Depth above / below zero
datum
Meters / Feet*
MAP 2100 only
Lat
Latitude
Degrees & Mins
Macro 900 Meter
Long
Longitude
Degrees & Mins
Macro 900 Meter
Alt
Altitude above Sea Level
Meters or Feet*
Macro 900 Meter
Note: the Depth is not displayed with the MAP 2000. In this case, barometric
pressure is displayed after the altitude (Alt) at the end of line 3 on the position
and altitude screen, with no prefix (as shown [1013mb] on the above screen
example).
Items in the Units column marked with an asterisk (*) can be selected as
alternative units of measurement in the Settings Menu (see section 9 Error!
Reference source not found.). Items in the Units column marked with a
dagger (†) are auto-ranging, i.e. when the values become too large to display,
the units of measurement automatically re-scale.
The EC field can be replaced by its reciprocal value, RES (Resistivity), if
selected in the Settings Menu. If selected, readings will be displayed in either
Ω▪cm or KΩ▪cm, depending on the value. See section 9 Error! Reference
source not found. for more details.
6.2. Trend Indication
To the right of each reading, (except position, BARO and Depth), a trend
indication is given. This consists of either an upwards facing arrow (which
indicates the numeric value of the reading is rising), a downwards facing arrow
(which indicates the numeric value of the reading is falling) or a two-headed
arrow, which indicates a stable reading. Readings are judged to be stable when

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the variation over a ten second period drops below 1%.
6.3. Global Stability Indication
In addition to the individual trend indications, there is a global stability
indication, which is displayed when all readings are stable. This takes the form
of a flashing double headed arrow which is displayed at the start of the third
line of the display.
When taking a set of readings, gently stir the Probe, or raise and lower it in the
sample (if there is no natural water flow) until the global stability icon appears.
The initial display of the global stability icon will be accompanied by a double
beep. When this occurs, all values are stable and ready for reading or saving.
6.4. Temperature Compensation
The electrochemical properties of all solutions change with the solution's
temperature. In addition, the response of electrochemical measuring electrodes
change with temperature. It is a fundamental, practical requirement in the field
of water quality monitoring that test measurements taken at different
temperatures can be compared.
In order to facilitate this, the MAP 2000/2100 automatically applies corrections
for temperature wherever required.
During three point calibration of the ISE electrodes, the variation in response of
the electrodes due to temperature is automatically calculated. During
measurement, the variation in response of the electrodes due to temperature is
automatically compensated for.
During calibration of the EC electrode, the variation in the calibration buffer
solution due to temperature is automatically corrected for. During
measurement of EC, the readings can be displayed without any temperature
correction, corrected to 20°C, or corrected to 25°C. See section 9 Error!
Reference source not found. for more details.
During calibration of the DO electrode, variations due to temperature and air
pressure are automatically compensated for. During the measurement of DO,
temperature, air pressure and salinity are automatically compensated for.
During calibration of the ORP electrode, the variation in the calibration buffer
solution due to temperature is automatically corrected for. During
measurement of ORP however, temperature corrections are not applied as the
correction factors are matrix dependent and are not easily determined.
ORP potential measurements are mostly made to follow reactions rather than
for their own sake. The completion of an ORP reaction is normally accompanied
by a sharp change in the ORP millivolts reading. This change is usually much
larger than the errors induced by temperature side effects.
During calibration of the optical electrodes, variations in the calibration
solutions due to temperature are automatically compensated for. During the

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measurement, temperature is automatically compensated for.
During calibration of the pH electrode, the small variation in the calibration
buffer solutions due to temperature is not compensated for due to the
differences in thermal coefficient between various buffer manufacturers. For
this reason, the three pH points should be calibrated as close to the buffer
manufacturer's specified temperature as possible (usually 20ºC or 25ºC)
although a variation of up to +/-10ºC makes very little difference in reality.
During pH measurement, temperature variation is automatically compensated
for.
6.5. GPS Reception
The Macro 900 Meter contains a built-in GPS receiver and antenna. The
antenna is situated at the top of the case, just behind the Palintest logo. For
optimum signal reception, the antenna must be able to ‘see’ a reasonably large
amount of the sky. The GPS receiver will not work indoors or when
shielded from the sky by any solid structure.
After switch-on, the GPS receiver will automatically start to search for satellites.
During this phase, the message GPS:Acquiring will be shown on the bottom
line of all the screens. As soon as three satellites are acquired, two dimensional
position (no altitude) will be calculated and the message GPS:2D POS will be
shown on the bottom line of the screens.
Once a fourth satellite is acquired, altitude will be calculated and GPS:3D POS
will be shown on the bottom line of the screens. With a good view of the sky,
position should be calculated within ninety seconds of switch-on. To see your
geographic position and the number of satellites in use, use the left or right
arrow keys to scroll to the Position page.
If you switch the meter on indoors, then carry it outside after several minutes,
there may be a considerable delay in acquiring satellites. In this case, switch
the meter off, then back on again to reset the acquisition process.

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7. Depth Measurement (MAP 2100 only)
Depth is measured in the MAP 2100 by a pressure sensor mounted inside the
body of the probe.
Depth is calculated by subtracting the barometric pressure being measured in
the Macro 900 Meter from the water pressure being measured in the MAP 2100.
The pressure differential, once corrected for temperature and salinity (water
density), is directly proportional to depth.
The depth measurement system uses the EC sensor to detect when the probe
has been placed in water. All the time the probe is measuring an EC of zero,
the depth will read zero. As soon as an EC value is detected, the meter will
start to calculate depth. For this reason, it is important to ensure the
Probe is connected to the Meter and switched on prior to submerging
the probe in water.
7.1. Taking Depth Measurements
Connect the Probe to the Meter and switch on prior to submerging the probe in
water. Select the Baro/Depth screen as illustrated below. The depth should be
reading zero.
 BARO:1013mb
DEPTH:00.00m
Hit [OK] to zero
 GPS:3D Pos 
If the depth is not reading zero (this is possible if the probe is wet and a low EC
reading is registering), press the OK key. You will be asked to confirm by
pressing OK again.
Slowly lower the probe into the water. As soon as the depth value starts to
register, you can lower the probe more quickly.
7.2. Differential Depth Measurement
If you want to measure changes in depth, it may be more convenient to zero
the depth measurement once the probe has been submerged.
To do this, press the OK key whilst displaying depth, then confirm. The unit will
now read positive or negative changes in depth from the current depth (zero
datum).
If the values are positive, the water level has increased from the zero datum. If
the values are negative, the water level has decreased.
Using the Automatic Data Logging feature detailed in the following section, it is
possible to monitor water levels over a period of time for later recall.