Perkins 904D-E28T User manual

Operation and
Maintenance
Manual
904D-E28T and 904D-E36TA Industrial
Engine
FT (Engine)
FE (Engine)
M0108133-04 (en-us)
January 2021

Important Safety Information
Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to
observe basic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially
hazardous situations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards. This
person should also have the necessarytraining, skills and tools to performthese functions correctly.
Incorrect operation,lubrication,maintenanceorrepairofthisproductcanbedangerousand
could result in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you have
read and understood the operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information.
Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard
warnings are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.
The hazards are identified by the “Safety Alert Symbol” and followed by a “Signal Word” such as
“DANGER”, “WARNING” or “CAUTION”. The Safety Alert “WARNING” label is shown below.
The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:
Attention! Become Alert! Your Safety is Involved.
The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or
pictorially presented.
Operations that may cause product damage are identified by “NOTICE” labels on the product and in
this publication.
The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that
was available at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures,
measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes can
affect the service that is given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before
you start any job. Perkins dealers or Perkins distributors have the most current information available.
When replacement parts are required for this
product Perkins recommends using Perkins
replacement parts.
Failure to heed this warning can lead to prema-
ture failures, product damage, personal injury or
death.
Perkins cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard. The
warnings in this publication and on the product are, therefore, not all inclusive. You must not use
this product in any manner different from that considered by this manual without first satisfying
yourself that you have considered all safety rules and precautions applicable to the operation of
the product in the location of use, including site-specific rules and precautions applicable to the
worksite. If a tool, procedure, work method or operating technique that is not specifically
recommended by Perkins is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and for others.
You should also ensure that you are authorized to perform this work, and that the product will not
be damaged or become unsafe by the operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair procedures that
you intend to use.
In the United States, the maintenance, replacement, or repair of the emission control devices and
systems may be performed by any repair establishment or individual of the owner's choosing.

Table of Contents
Foreword ........................................................... 4
Safety Section
Safety Messages............................................... 6
General Hazard Information............................ 10
Burn Prevention............................................... 13
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention...... 15
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention.. 17
Mounting and Dismounting ............................. 17
High Pressure Fuel Lines ................................ 17
Before Starting Engine .................................... 19
Engine Starting................................................ 19
Engine Stopping .............................................. 20
Electrical System............................................. 20
Engine Electronics........................................... 21
Product Information Section
General Information ........................................ 23
Product Identification Information ................... 31
Operation Section
Lifting and Storage .......................................... 33
Features and Controls..................................... 35
Engine Diagnostics ......................................... 41
Engine Starting................................................ 43
Engine Operation ............................................ 47
Cold Weather Operation ................................. 49
Engine Stopping .............................................. 53
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities............................................... 55
Maintenance Recommendations .................... 72
Maintenance Interval Schedule....................... 75
Warranty Section
Warranty Information..................................... 102
Reference Information Section
Reference Materials ...................................... 103
Index Section
Index.............................................................. 105
M0108133-04 3
Table of Contents

Foreword
California Proposition 65 Warning
Diesel engine exhaust and some of its
constituents are known to the State of
California to cause cancer, birth defects,
and other reproductive harm.
WARNING – This product can
expose you to chemicals
including ethylene glycol, which
is known to the State of California to
cause birth defects or other reproductive
harm. For more information go to:
www.P65Warnings.ca.gov
Do not ingest this chemical. Wash hands
after handling to avoid incidental
ingestion.
WARNING – This product can
expose you to chemicals
including lead and lead
compounds, which are known to the
State of California to cause cancer, birth
defects, or other reproductive harm. For
more information go to:
www.P65Warnings.ca.gov
Wash hands after handling components
that may contain lead.
Literature Information
This manual contains safety, operation instructions,
lubrication, and maintenance information. This
manual should be stored in or near the engine area in
a literature holder or literature storage area. Read,
study, and keep the manual with the literature and
engine information.
English is the primary language for all Perkins
publications. The English used facilitates translation
and consistency.
Some photographs or illustrations in this manual
show details or attachments that may be different
from your engine. Guards and covers may have been
removed for illustrative purposes. Continuing
improvement and advancement of product design
may have caused changes to your engine which are
not included in this manual. Whenever a question
arises regarding your engine, or this manual, please
consult with your Perkins dealer or your Perkins
distributor for the latest available information.
Safety
This safety section lists basic safety precautions. In
addition, this section identifies hazardous, warning
situations. Read and understand the basic
precautions listed in the safety section before
operating or performing lubrication, maintenance,
and repair on this product.
Operation
Operating techniques outlined in this manual are
basic. The operating techniques assist with
developing the skills and techniques required to
operate the engine more efficiently and economically.
Skill and techniques develop as the operator gains
knowledge of the engine and the capabilities of the
engine.
The operation section is a reference for operators.
Photographs and illustrations guide the operator
through procedures of inspecting, starting, operating,
and stopping the engine. This section also includes a
discussion of electronic diagnostic information.
Maintenance
The maintenance section is a guide to engine care.
The illustrated, step-by-step instructions are grouped
by service hours and/or calendar time maintenance
intervals. Items in the maintenance schedule are
referenced to detailed instructions that follow.
Recommended service should be performed at the
appropriate intervals as indicated in the Maintenance
Interval Schedule. The actual operating environment
of the engine also governs the Maintenance Interval
Schedule. Therefore, under severe, dusty, wet, or
freezing cold operating conditions, more frequent
lubrication, and maintenance than is specified in the
Maintenance Interval Schedule may be necessary.
4 M0108133-04
Foreword

The maintenance schedule items are organized for a
preventive maintenance management program. If the
preventive maintenance program is followed, a
periodic tune-up is not required. The implementation
of a preventive maintenance management program
should minimize operating costs through cost
avoidances resulting from reductions in unscheduled
downtime and failures.
Maintenance Intervals
Perform maintenance on items at multiples of the
original requirement. Each level and/or individual
items in each level should be shifted ahead or back
depending upon your specific maintenance practices,
operation, and application. Perkins recommends that
the maintenance schedules be reproduced and
displayed near the engine as a convenient reminder.
Perkins also recommends that a maintenance record
be maintained as part of the permanent record of the
engine.
Your authorized Perkins dealer or your Perkins
distributor can assist you in adjusting your
maintenance schedule to meet the needs of your
operating environment.
Overhaul
Major engine overhaul details are not covered in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual except for the
interval and the maintenance items in that interval.
Major repairs are best left to trained personnel or an
authorized Perkins distributor or dealer. Your Perkins
dealer or your Perkins distributor offers various
options regarding overhaul programs. If you
experience a major engine failure, there are also
numerous after failure overhaul options available.
Consult with your Perkins dealer or your Perkins
distributor for information regarding these options.
M0108133-04 5
Foreword

Safety Section
i08185619
Safety Messages
There may be several specific warning signs on your
engine. The exact location and a description of the
warning signs are reviewed in this section. Ensure
that you are familiar with all warning signs.
Ensure that all the warning signs are legible. Clean
the warning signs or replace the warning signs if the
words cannot be read or if the illustrations are not
visible. Use a cloth, water, and soap to clean the
warning signs. Do not use solvents, gasoline, or
other harsh chemicals. Solvents, gasoline, or harsh
chemicals could loosen the adhesive that secures the
warning signs. The warning signs that are loosened
could drop off the engine.
Replace any warning sign that is damaged or
missing. If a warning sign is attached to a part of the
engine that is replaced, install a new warning sign on
the replacement part. Your Perkins dealer or your
Perkins distributor can provide new warning signs.
6 M0108133-04
Safety Section
Safety Messages

904D-E36TA Industrial Engine
Illustration 1 g06504861
Typical example
(1) Universal Warning label (2) Hand (High Pressure) Warning label
M0108133-04 7
Safety Section
Safety Messages

904D-E28T Industrial Engine
Illustration 2 g06536564
Typical example
(1) Universal Warning label (2) Hand (High Pressure) Warning label
Universal Warning 1
Do not operate or work on this equipment unless
you have read and understand the instructions
and warnings in the Operation and Maintenance
Manuals. Failure to follow the instructions or
heed the warnings could result in serious injury
or death.
Illustration 3 g01154807
Typical example
8 M0108133-04
Safety Section
Safety Messages

The universal warning labels are located in two
positions. One label is on the front over the engine,
the other label is on the right side of the engine.
Hand (High Pressure) 2
Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid
penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fuel
spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to follow
these inspection, maintenance and service in-
structions may cause personal injury or death.
Illustration 4 g02382677
Typical example
The hand high-pressure label is on the high-pressure
fuel line between pump and manifold, on the right
side of the engine.
Ether Warning
Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as
ether. Such use could result in an explosion and
personal injury.
Illustration 5 g01154809
Typical example
M0108133-04 9
Safety Section
Safety Messages

The ether warning label is installed on the air cleaner
close to the intake. The location will depend on the
application. In some applications, the ether label will
be supplied loose for fitting by the engine installer.
i08355700
General Hazard Information
Illustration 6 g00104545
Attach a “Do Not Operate”warning tag or a similar
warning tag to the start switch or to the controls
before the engine is serviced or before the engine is
repaired. Attach the warning tags to the engine and
to each operator control station. When appropriate,
disconnect the starting controls.
Do not allow unauthorized personnel on the engine,
or around the engine when the engine is being
serviced.
• Tampering with the engine installation or
tampering with the OEM supplied wiring can be
dangerous. Personal injury, death and/or engine
damage could result.
• Vent the engine exhaust to the outside when the
engine is operated in an enclosed area.
• If the engine is not running, do not release the
secondary brake or the parking brake systems
unless the vehicle is blocked or unless the vehicle
is restrained.
• Wear a hard hat, protective glasses, and other
protective equipment, as required.
• When working around an engine, the engine must
not be in operation. You may only be near a
running engine to carry out maintenance
procedures that require the engine to be in
operation.
• Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry that can
snag on controls or on other parts of the engine.
• Ensure that all protective guards and all covers
are secured in place on the engine.
• Never put maintenance fluids into glass
containers. Glass containers can break.
• Use all cleaning solutions with care.
• Report all necessary repairs.
Unless other instructions are provided, perform the
maintenance under the following conditions:
• The engine is stopped. Ensure that the engine
cannot be started.
• The protective locks or the controls are in the
applied position.
• Engage the secondary brakes or parking brakes.
• Block the vehicle or restrain the vehicle before
maintenance or repairs are performed.
• After the Electronic Control Module (ECM) has
powered down, disconnect the batteries when
maintenance is performed or when the electrical
system is serviced. Disconnect the battery ground
leads. Tape the leads to help prevent sparks.
• If equipped, disconnect the connectors for the unit
injectors that are on the valve cover base. This
action will help prevent personal injury from the
high voltage to the unit injectors. Do not come in
contact with the unit injector terminals while the
engine is operating.
• Do not attempt any repairs or any adjustments to
the engine while the engine is operating.
• Do not attempt any repairs that are not
understood. Use the proper tools. Replace any
equipment that is damaged or repair the
equipment.
• For initial start-up of a new engine or for starting
an engine that has been serviced, make
provisions to stop the engine if an overspeed
occurs. The stopping of the engine may be
accomplished by shutting off the fuel supply and/
or the air supply to the engine. Ensure that only
the fuel supply line is shut off. Ensure that the fuel
return line is open.
• Start the engine from the operators station (cab).
Never short across the starting motor terminals or
the batteries. This action could bypass the engine
neutral start system and/or the electrical system
could be damaged.
10 M0108133-04
Safety Section
General Hazard Information

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion
which may be harmful to your health. Always start the
engine and operate the engine in a well-ventilated
area. If the engine is in an enclosed area, vent the
engine exhaust to the outside.
To help prevent spraying or splashing of pressurized
fluids, hold a rag over the part that is being removed.
Remove the following parts with caution.
• Filler caps
• Grease fittings
• Pressure taps
• Breathers
• Drain plugs
Use caution when cover plates are removed.
Gradually loosen, but do not remove the last two
bolts or nuts that are at opposite ends of the cover
plate or the device. Before removing the last two
bolts or nuts, pry the cover loose to relieve any spring
pressure or other pressure.
Illustration 7 g00702020
• Wear a hard hat, protective glasses, and other
protective equipment, as required.
• Perkins recommend that you do not stand next to
an exposed running engine unless it is necessary
when carrying out daily checks or maintenance
procedures. The appropriate Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) must be worn when standing
next to an exposed running engine.
• Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry that can
snag on controls or on other parts of the engine.
• Ensure that all protective guards and all covers
are secured in place on the engine.
• Never put maintenance fluids into glass
containers. Glass containers can break.
• Use all cleaning solutions with care.
• Report all necessary repairs.
Unless other instructions are provided, perform
the maintenance under the following conditions:
• The engine is stopped. Ensure that the engine
cannot be started.
• Disconnect the batteries when maintenance is
performed or when the electrical system is
serviced. Disconnect the battery ground leads.
Tape the leads to help prevent sparks.
• Do not attempt any repairs that are not
understood. Use the proper tools. Replace any
equipment that is damaged or repair the
equipment.
Pressurized Air and Water
Pressurized air and/or water can cause debris and/or
hot water to be blown out. This action could result in
personal injury.
When pressurized air and/or pressurized water is
used for cleaning, wear protective clothing, protective
shoes, and eye protection. Eye protection includes
goggles or a protective face shield.
The maximum air pressure for cleaning purposes
must be below 205 kPa (30 psi). The maximum
water pressure for cleaning purposes must be below
275 kPa (40 psi).
Fluid Penetration
Pressure can be trapped in the hydraulic circuit long
after the engine has been stopped. The pressure can
cause hydraulic fluid or items such as pipe plugs to
escape rapidly if the pressure is not relieved
correctly.
Do not remove any hydraulic components or parts
until pressure has been relieved or personal injury
may occur. Do not disassemble any hydraulic
components or parts until pressure has been relieved
or personal injury may occur. Refer to the OEM
information for any procedures that are required to
relieve the hydraulic pressure.
M0108133-04 11
Safety Section
General Hazard Information

Illustration 8 g00687600
Always use a board or cardboard when you check for
a leak. Leaking fluid that is under pressure can
penetrate body tissue. Fluid penetration can cause
serious injury and possible death. A pin hole leak can
cause severe injury. If fluid is injected into your skin,
you must get treatment immediately. Seek treatment
from a doctor that is familiar with this type of injury.
Containing Fluid Spillage
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are
contained during performance of inspection,
maintenance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the
product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable
containers before opening any compartment or
disassembling any component containing fluids.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations
and mandates.
Static Electricity Hazard when
Fueling with Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel
Fuel
The removal of sulfur and other compounds in ultra-
low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD fuel) decreases the
conductivity of ULSD and increases the ability of
ULSD to store static charge. Refineries may have
treated the fuel with a static dissipating additive.
Many factors can reduce the effectiveness of the
additive over time. Static charges can build up in
ULSD fuel while the fuel is flowing through fuel
delivery systems. Static electricity discharge when
combustible vapors are present could result in a fire
or explosion. Ensure that the entire system used to
refuel your machine (fuel supply tank, transfer pump,
transfer hose, nozzle, and others) is properly
grounded and bonded. Consult with your fuel or fuel
system supplier to ensure that the delivery system
complies with fueling standards for proper grounding
and bonding.
Avoid static electricity risk when fueling. Ultra-
low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD fuel) poses a greater
static ignition hazard than earlier diesel formula-
tions with a higher sulfur contents. Avoid death
or serious injury from fire or explosion. Consult
with your fuel or fuel system supplier to ensure
the delivery system is in compliance with fueling
standards for proper grounding and bonding
practices.
Inhalation
Illustration 9 g00702022
Exhaust
Use caution. Exhaust fumes can be hazardous to
health. If you operate the equipment in an enclosed
area, adequate ventilation is necessary.
Hexavalent Chromium
Perkins equipment and replacement parts comply
with applicable regulations and requirements where
originally sold. Perkins recommends the use of only
genuine Perkins replacement parts.
Hexavalent chromium has occasionally been
detected on exhaust and heat shield systems on
Perkins engines. Although laboratory testing is the
only accurate way to know if hexavalent chromium is,
in fact, present, the presence of a yellow deposit in
areas of high heat (for example, exhaust system
components or exhaust insulation) may be an
indication of the presence of hexavalent chromium.
Use caution if you suspect the presence of
hexavalent chromium. Avoid skin contact when
handling items that you suspect may contain
hexavalent chromium, and avoid inhalation of any
dust in the suspect area. Inhalation of, or skin contact
with, hexavalent chromium dust may be hazardous to
your health.
12 M0108133-04
Safety Section
General Hazard Information

If such yellow deposits are found on the engine,
engine component parts, or associated equipment or
packages, Perkins recommends following local
health and safety regulations and guidelines, utilizing
good hygiene, and adhering to safe work practices
when handling the equipment or parts. Perkins also
recommends the following:
• Wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• Wash your hands and face with soap and water
prior to eating, drinking, or smoking, and also
during rest room breaks, to prevent ingestion of
any yellow powder
• Never use compressed air for cleaning areas
suspected of containing hexavalent chromium
• Avoid brushing, grinding, or cutting materials
suspected of containing hexavalent chromium
• Obey environmental regulations for the disposal of
all materials that may contain or have come into
contact with hexavalent chromium
• Stay away from areas that might have hexavalent
chromium particles in the air.
Asbestos Information
Perkins equipment and replacement parts that are
shipped from Perkins engine company limited are
asbestos free. Perkins recommends the use of only
genuine Perkins replacement parts. Use the following
guidelines when you handle any replacement parts
that contain asbestos or when you handle asbestos
debris.
Use caution. Avoid inhaling dust that might be
generated when you handle components that contain
asbestos fibers. Inhaling this dust can be hazardous
to your health. The components that may contain
asbestos fibers are brake pads, brake bands, lining
material, clutch plates, and some gaskets. The
asbestos that is used in these components is usually
bound in a resin or sealed in some way. Normal
handling is not hazardous unless airborne dust that
contains asbestos is generated.
If dust that may contain asbestos is present, there
are several guidelines that should be followed:
• Never use compressed air for cleaning.
• Avoid brushing materials that contain asbestos.
• Avoid grinding materials that contain asbestos.
• Use a wet method to clean up asbestos materials.
• A vacuum cleaner that is equipped with a high
efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) can also be
used.
• Use exhaust ventilation on permanent machining
jobs.
• Wear an approved respirator if there is no other
way to control the dust.
• Comply with applicable rules and regulations for
the work place. In the United States, use
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) requirements. These OSHA requirements
can be found in “29 CFR 1910.1001”.
• Obey environmental regulations for the disposal of
asbestos.
• Stay away from areas that might have asbestos
particles in the air.
Dispose of Waste Properly
Illustration 10 g00706404
Improperly disposing of waste can threaten the
environment. Potentially harmful fluids should be
disposed of in accordance with local regulations.
Always use leakproof containers when you drain
fluids. Do not pour waste onto the ground, down a
drain, or into any source of water.
i07794119
Burn Prevention
Do not touch any part of an operating engine system.
The engine and the exhaust system can exceed
650° C (1202° F) under normal operating conditions.
Allow the engine system to cool before any
maintenance is performed. Relieve all pressure in the
air system, hydraulic system, lubrication system, fuel
system, and the cooling system before the related
items are disconnected.
M0108133-04 13
Safety Section
Burn Prevention

Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid
penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fuel
spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to follow
these inspection, maintenance and service in-
structions may cause personal injury or death.
After the engine has stopped, wait for 10 minutes to
allow the fuel pressure to be purged from the high-
pressure fuel lines before any service or repair is
performed on the engine fuel lines. The 10 minute
wait will also allow static charge to dissipate from the
low-pressure fuel system.
Allow the pressure to be purged in the air system, in
the hydraulic system, in the lubrication system, or in
the cooling system before any lines, fittings, or
related items are disconnected.
Induction System
Sulfuric Acid Burn Hazard may cause serious
personal injury or death.
The exhaust gas cooler may contain a small
amount of sulfuric acid. The use of fuel with sul-
fur levels greater than 15 ppm may increase the
amount of sulfuric acid formed. The sulfuric acid
may spill from the cooler during service of the en-
gine. The sulfuric acid will burn the eyes, skin
and clothing on contact. Always wear the appro-
priate personal protective equipment (PPE) that
is noted on a material safety data sheet (MSDS)
for sulfuric acid. Always follow the directions for
first aid that are noted on a material safety data
sheet (MSDS) for sulfuric acid.
Coolant
When the engine is at operating temperature, the
engine coolant is hot. The coolant is also under
pressure. The radiator and all lines to the heaters, or
to the engine contain hot coolant.
Any contact with hot coolant or with steam can cause
severe burns. Allow cooling system components to
cool before the cooling system is drained.
Check the coolant level after the engine has stopped
and the engine has been allowed to cool.
Ensure that the filler cap is cool before removing the
filler cap. The filler cap must be cool enough to touch
with a bare hand. Remove the filler cap slowly to
relieve pressure.
Cooling system conditioner contains alkali. Alkali can
cause personal injury. Do not allow alkali to contact
the skin, the eyes, or the mouth.
Oils
Skin may be irritated following repeated or prolonged
exposure to mineral and synthetic base oils. Refer to
your suppliers Material Safety Data Sheets for
detailed information. Hot oil and lubricating
components can cause personal injury. Do not allow
hot oil to contact the skin. Appropriate personal
protective equipment should be used.
Diesel Fuel
Diesel engines have high-pressure fuel systems and
the fuel can reach temperatures of over 100° C
(212° F). Ensure that the fuel has cooled before any
service or repairs are performed.
14 M0108133-04
Safety Section
Burn Prevention

Diesel may be irritating to the eyes, respiratory
system, and skin. Prolonged exposure to diesel may
cause various skin conditions. Appropriate personal
protective equipment should be used. Refer to
supplier Material safety Data sheets for detailed
information.
Batteries
Electrolyte is an acid. Electrolyte can cause personal
injury. Do not allow electrolyte to contact the skin or
the eyes. Always wear protective glasses for
servicing batteries. Wash hands after touching the
batteries and connectors. Use of gloves is
recommended.
Engine
Do not touch any part of an operating engine . Allow
the engine to cool before any maintenance is
performed on the engine. Relieve all pressure in the
appropriate system before any lines, fittings, or
related items are disconnected.
i07817010
Fire Prevention and Explosion
Prevention
Illustration 11 g00704000
All fuels, most lubricants, and some coolant mixtures
are flammable.
Flammable fluids that are leaking or spilled onto hot
surfaces or onto electrical components can cause a
fire. Fire may cause personal injury and property
damage.
After the emergency stop button is operated, ensure
that you allow 15 minutes, before the engine covers
are removed.
Determine whether the engine will be operated in an
environment that allows combustible gases to be
drawn into the air inlet system. These gases could
cause the engine to overspeed. Personal injury,
property damage, or engine damage could result.
If the application involves the presence of
combustible gases, consult your Perkins dealer and/
or your Perkins distributor for additional information
about suitable protection devices.
Remove all flammable combustible materials or
conductive materials such as fuel, oil, and debris
from the engine. Do not allow any flammable
combustible materials or conductive materials to
accumulate on the engine.
Store fuels and lubricants in correctly marked
containers away from unauthorized persons. Store
oily rags and any flammable materials in protective
containers. Do not smoke in areas that are used for
storing flammable materials.
Do not expose the engine to any flame.
Exhaust shields (if equipped) protect hot exhaust
components from oil or fuel spray if there was a line,
a tube, or a seal failure. Exhaust shields must be
installed correctly.
Do not weld on lines or tanks that contain flammable
fluids. Do not flame cut lines or tanks that contain
flammable fluid. Clean any such lines or tanks
thoroughly with a nonflammable solvent prior to
welding or flame cutting.
Wiring must be kept in good condition. Ensure that all
electrical wires are correctly installed and securely
attached. Check all electrical wires daily. Repair any
wires that are loose or frayed before you operate the
engine. Clean all electrical connections and tighten
all electrical connections.
Eliminate all wiring that is unattached or
unnecessary. Do not use any wires or cables that are
smaller than the recommended gauge. Do not
bypass any fuses and/or circuit breakers.
Arcing or sparking could cause a fire. Secure
connections, recommended wiring, and correctly
maintained battery cables will help to prevent arcing
or sparking.
Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid
penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fuel
spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to follow
these inspection, maintenance and service in-
structions may cause personal injury or death.
M0108133-04 15
Safety Section
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention

After the engine has stopped, you must wait for 10
minutes to allow the fuel pressure to be purged from
the high-pressure fuel lines before any service or
repair is performed on the engine fuel lines. The 10
minute wait will also allow static charge to dissipate
from the low-pressure fuel system.
Ensure that the engine is stopped. Inspect all lines
and hoses for wear or for deterioration. Ensure that
the hoses are correctly routed. The lines and hoses
must have adequate support and secure clamps. If
any fuel lines or fuel hoses become kinked, the fuel
line or fuel hose must be replaced. Refer to the
Disassembly and Assembly manual for more
information.
Oil filters and fuel filters must be correctly installed.
The filter housings must be tightened to the correct
torque. Refer to the Disassembly and Assembly
manual for more information.
Illustration 12 g00704059
Use caution when you are refueling an engine. Do
not smoke while you are refueling an engine. Do not
refuel an engine near open flames or sparks. Always
stop the engine before refueling.
Avoid static electricity risk when fueling. Ultra-low
Sulfur Diesel fuel (ULSD fuel) poses a greater static
ignition hazard than earlier diesel formulations with a
higher sulfur content. Avoid death or serious injury
from fire or explosion. Consult your fuel or fuel
system supplier to ensure that the delivery system is
in compliance with fueling standards for proper
grounding and bonding practices.
Illustration 13 g00704135
Gases from a battery can explode. Keep any open
flames or sparks away from the top of a battery. Do
not smoke in battery charging areas.
Never check the battery charge by placing a metal
object across the terminal posts. Use a voltmeter or a
hydrometer.
Incorrect jumper cable connections can cause an
explosion that can result in injury. Refer to the
Operation Section of this manual for specific
instructions.
Do not charge a frozen battery. A frozen battery may
cause an explosion.
The batteries must be kept clean. The covers (if
equipped) must be kept on the cells. Use the
recommended cables, connections, and battery box
covers when the engine is operated.
Fire Extinguisher
Make sure that a fire extinguisher is available. Be
familiar with the operation of the fire extinguisher.
Inspect the fire extinguisher and service the fire
extinguisher regularly. Obey the recommendations
on the instruction plate.
Ether
Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as
ether. Such use could result in an explosion and
personal injury.
Ether is flammable and poisonous.
16 M0108133-04
Safety Section
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention

Do not smoke while you are replacing an ether
cylinder.
Do not store ether cylinders in living areas or in the
engine compartment. Do not store ether cylinders in
direct sunlight or in temperatures above 49° C
(120° F). Keep ether cylinders away from open
flames or sparks.
Lines, Tubes, and Hoses
Do not bend high-pressure lines. Do not strike high-
pressure lines. Do not install any lines that are
damaged.
Leaks can cause fires. Consult your Perkins dealer or
your Perkins distributor for replacement parts.
Replace the parts if any of the following conditions
are present:
• High-pressure fuel line or lines are removed.
• End fittings are damaged or leaking.
• Outer coverings are chafed or cut.
• Wires are exposed.
• Outer coverings are ballooning.
• Flexible parts of the hoses are kinked.
• Outer covers have embedded armoring.
• End fittings are displaced.
Make sure that all clamps, guards, and heat shields
are installed correctly. During engine operation,
correct installation will help to prevent vibration,
rubbing against other parts, and excessive heat.
i02143194
Crushing Prevention and
Cutting Prevention
Support the component correctly when work beneath
the component is performed.
Unless other maintenance instructions are provided,
never attempt adjustments while the engine is
running.
Stay clear of all rotating parts and of all moving parts.
Leave the guards in place until maintenance is
performed. After the maintenance is performed,
reinstall the guards.
Keep objects away from moving fan blades. The fan
blades will throw objects or cut objects.
When objects are struck, wear protective glasses in
order to avoid injury to the eyes.
Chips or other debris may fly off objects when objects
are struck. Before objects are struck, ensure that no
one will be injured by flying debris.
i07926237
Mounting and Dismounting
Do not climb on the engine or radiator assembly. The
engine and the radiator assembly have not been
designed with mounting or dismounting locations.
Refer to the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)
for the location of foot and hand holds for your
specific application.
i07366423
High Pressure Fuel Lines
Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid
penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fuel
spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to follow
these inspection, maintenance and service in-
structions may cause personal injury or death.
M0108133-04 17
Safety Section
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention

Illustration 14 g06334696
(1) High-pressure line
(2) High-pressure line
(3) High-pressure line
(4) High-pressure line
(5) Fuel transfer line that is high pressure
(6) High-pressure pump
(7) High-pressure line
(8) High-pressure fuel manifold (rail)
The high-pressure fuel lines are the fuel lines that are
between the high-pressure fuel pump and the high-
pressure fuel manifold and the fuel lines that are
between the fuel manifold and electronic unit
injectors. These fuel lines are different from fuel lines
on other fuel systems.
The fuel lines are different because of the following
items:
• The high-pressure fuel lines are constantly
charged with high pressure.
• The internal pressures of the high-pressure fuel
lines are higher than other types of fuel system.
• The high-pressure fuel lines are formed to shape
and then strengthened by a special process.
Do not step on the high-pressure fuel lines. Do not
deflect the high-pressure fuel lines. Do not bend or
strike the high-pressure fuel lines. Deformation or
damage of the high-pressure fuel lines may cause a
point of weakness and potential failure.
Do not check the high-pressure fuel lines with the
engine or the starting motor in operation. After the
engine has stopped, you must wait for 10 minutes to
allow the fuel pressure to be purged from the high-
pressure fuel lines before any service or repair is
performed on the engine fuel lines. The 10 minute
wait will also allow static charge to dissipate from the
low-pressure fuel system.
Do not loosen the high-pressure fuel lines to remove
air from the fuel system. This procedure is not
required.
Visually inspect the high-pressure fuel lines before
the engine is started. This inspection should be each
day.
If you inspect the engine in operation, always use the
proper inspection procedure to avoid a fluid
penetration hazard. Refer to Operation and
Maintenance Manual, “General hazard Information”.
• Inspect the high-pressure fuel lines for damage,
deformation, a nick, a cut, a crease, or a dent.
18 M0108133-04
Safety Section
High Pressure Fuel Lines

• Do not operate the engine with a fuel leak. If there
is a leak, do not tighten the connection, to stop the
leak. The connection must only be tightened to the
recommended torque. Refer to Disassembly and
Assembly, “Fuel injection lines - Remove and Fuel
injection lines - Install”.
• If the high-pressure fuel lines are torqued correctly
and the high-pressure fuel lines are leaking, the
high-pressure fuel lines must be replaced.
• Ensure that all clips on the high-pressure fuel lines
are in place. Do not operate the engine with clips
that are damaged, missing, or loose.
• Do not attach any other item to the high-pressure
fuel lines.
• Loosened high-pressure fuel lines must be
replaced. Also removed high-pressure fuel lines
must be replaced. Refer to Disassembly and
assembly manual, “Fuel Injection Lines - Install”.
i07728672
Before Starting Engine
NOTICE
For initial start-up of a new or rebuilt engine, and for
start-up of an engine that has been serviced, make
provision to shut the engine off should an overspeed
occur. This may be accomplished by shutting off the
air and/or fuel supply to the engine.
Engine exhaust contains products of combustion
which may be harmful to your health. Always
start and operate the engine in a well ventilated
area and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust
to the outside.
Inspect the engine for potential hazards.
Do not start the engine or move any of the controls if
there is a “DO NOT OPERATE”warning tag or similar
warning tag attached to the start switch or to the
controls.
Before starting the engine, ensure that no one is on,
underneath, or close to the engine. Ensure that the
area is free of personnel.
If equipped, ensure that the lighting system for the
engine is suitable for the conditions. Ensure that all
lights work properly, if equipped.
All protective guards and all protective covers must
be installed if the engine must be started to perform
service procedures. To help prevent an accident that
is caused by parts in rotation, work around the parts
carefully.
Do not bypass the automatic shutoff circuits. Do not
disable the automatic shutoff circuits. The circuits are
provided to help prevent personal injury. The circuits
are also provided to help prevent engine damage.
Before starting the engine, ensure that the drive belt
is securely in place. The coolant pump is operated by
the drive belt.
See the Service Manual for repairs and for
adjustments.
i08185623
Engine Starting
Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as
ether. Such use could result in an explosion and
personal injury.
If a warning tag is attached to the engine start switch,
or to the controls DO NOT start the engine or move
the controls. Consult with the person that attached
the warning tag before the engine is started.
All protective guards and all protective covers must
be installed if the engine must be started to perform
service procedures. To help prevent an accident that
is caused by parts in rotation, work around the parts
carefully.
Start the engine from the operator's compartment or
from the engine start switch.
Always start the engine according to the procedure
described in the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
“Engine Starting” topic in the Operation Section.
Knowing the correct procedure will help to prevent
major damage to the engine components. Knowing
the procedure will also help to prevent personal
injury.
To ensure that the jacket water heater (if equipped)
and/or the lube oil heater (if equipped) is working
correctly, check the water temperature gauge. Also,
check the oil temperature gauge during the heater
operation.
Engine exhaust contains products of combustion
which can be harmful to health. Always start the
engine and operate the engine in a well ventilated
area. If the engine is started in an enclosed area,
vent the engine exhaust to the outside.
M0108133-04 19
Safety Section
Before Starting Engine

Note: The engine is equipped with a device for cold
starting. If the engine will be operated in very cold
conditions, an extra cold starting aid may be
required. Normally, the engine will be equipped with
the correct type of starting aid for the region of
operation.
These engines are equipped with a glow plug starting
aid in each cylinder which heats the intake air to
improve starting. Some Perkins engines may have a
cold starting system that is controlled by the ECM
which allows a controlled flow of ether into the
engine. The ECM will disconnect the glow plugs
before the ether is introduced. This system would be
installed at the factory.
i02234873
Engine Stopping
Stop the engine according to the procedure in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Engine
Stopping (Operation Section)” in order to avoid
overheating of the engine and accelerated wear of
the engine components.
Use the Emergency Stop Button (if equipped) ONLY
in an emergency situation. Do not use the
Emergency Stop Button for normal engine stopping.
After an emergency stop, DO NOT start the engine
until the problem that caused the emergency stop
has been corrected.
Stop the engine if an overspeed condition occurs
during the initial start-up of a new engine or an
engine that has been overhauled.
To stop an electronically controlled engine, cut the
power to the engine and/or shutting off the air supply
to the engine.
i08186804
Electrical System
Never disconnect any charging unit circuit or battery
circuit cable from the battery when the charging unit
is operating. A spark can cause the combustible
gases that are produced by some batteries to ignite.
To help prevent sparks from igniting combustible
gases that are produced by some batteries, the
negative “−” cable should be connected last from the
external power source to the primary position for
grounding.
Check the electrical wires daily for wires that are
loose or frayed. Tighten all loose electrical
connections before the engine is started. Repair all
frayed electrical wires before the engine is started.
See the Operation and Maintenance Manual for
specific starting instructions.
Grounding Practices
Illustration 15 g06579667
Typical example
(1) Ground to battery
(2) Ground to starting motor
(3) Starting motor to engine block
20 M0108133-04
Safety Section
Engine Stopping