PFlow Industries P116 User manual

Ultrasonic Flowmeter Instruction Manual
Model: P116
Update
Record
Revision 3.0.0
Date 11. 2015

P116 UltrasonicFlowmeter
Version:3.0.0 Page2of49
Notice
ThankyouforchoosingtheP116 UltrasonicFlowmeterandAnalyzerwithARMchip andlow-voltagewide-pulse
sendingtechnology.
Thisinstructionmanualcontainsimportantinformation.Pleasereadit carefullybeforeoperationtheflowmeter
thusavoidingdamagetotheflowmeterfromimproperuse.
Thisinstructionmanualwilladvisehowtousetheflowmeterstep-by-stepmanner,includingproductcomponent
description, installation, wiringandquicksetupetc. tomakeiteasiertooperate.
Aworking knowledgeofthemenusettingswill assistyouinunderstandingtheflowmeters powerfulandoutput
function.
Warning
Maycauseinjury.
Attention
Maydamagetheflowmeter.
Someoftheinstructionsmaybedifferentfromtheflowmeterand analyzeryouhavepurchased.Thatdependson
theconfigurationrequirements.Italsomaybeduetochangesinproductdesign,modificationand upgrade.You
will findtheflowmeterdisplayinterfaceintuitiveandeasytounderstandandit shall prevail whenthereisno
indicationoftheinstructions. Pleaserefertotheversionnumberandtheappendix formoreinformation.

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ProductComponents
Inspectionshouldbemadebeforeinstallingtheflowmeter.Checktosee ifthesparepartsareinaccordance with
thepackinglist.Makesurethatthereisnodamagetotheenclosureduetoloosescreworwiresorotherdamage
thatmayhaveoccurredduringtransportation.Anyquestions,pleasecontactyourrepresentativeassoonas
possible.

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Content
1.TransmitterInstallationand Connection...............................................................................................................6
1.1WireConnecting................................................................................................................................................6
1.1.1PowerSupplyOption....................................................................................................................................6
1.1.2TransmitterWiring......................................................................................................................................6
1.2PoweringOn......................................................................................................................................................6
1.3KeypadFunctions...............................................................................................................................................7
1.4KeypadOperation..............................................................................................................................................7
1.5FlowmeterMenuDescriptions............................................................................................................................8
2.TheQuickSetupInstructions................................................................................................................................9
2.1Doublefunctionkeysmenudescription...............................................................................................................9
2.2Forexample.....................................................................................................................................................13
2.3MeasurementSiteSelection..............................................................................................................................15
3.TransducerInstallation.........................................................................................................................................16
3.1InstallingtheTransducer...................................................................................................................................16
3.1.1TransducerMountingMethods..................................................................................................................17
3.1.2VMethod ..................................................................................................................................................17
3.1.3ZMethod ..................................................................................................................................................17
3.1.4NMethod(notcommonlyused).................................................................................................................17
3.2TransducerInstallationand Fixing.....................................................................................................................18
3.3TransducerMounting Inspection.......................................................................................................................18
3.3.1SignalStrength..........................................................................................................................................18
3.3.2SignalQuality(Qvalue)............................................................................................................................18
3.3.3TotalTimeandDeltaTime..........................................................................................................................18
3.3.4TransitTimeRatio.....................................................................................................................................19
3.3.5Warnings....................................................................................................................................................19
4.OperatingInstructions .........................................................................................................................................19
4.1SystemNormalIdentification...........................................................................................................................19
4.2LowFlowCutoff Value....................................................................................................................................19
4.3ZeroSettings....................................................................................................................................................20
4.4ScaleFactor.....................................................................................................................................................20
4.54~20mACurrentLoopOutput........................................................................................................................20
4.64-20mAAnalogOutputCalibration..................................................................................................................20
4.7TFCardOperation............................................................................................................................................21
4.7.1Specifications.............................................................................................................................................21
4.7.2InstallorRemovetheSD card whilethemeterispoweredon.....................................................................21
4.7.3ReadingtheTFDataOffline......................................................................................................................22
4.7.4SDCard StorageOperation........................................................................................................................22

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4.8ESN.................................................................................................................................................................23
5.WindowDisplay Explanations.............................................................................................................................24
5.1WindowDisplayCodes....................................................................................................................................24
5.2DisplayExplanation.........................................................................................................................................25
6.ErrorDiagnoses....................................................................................................................................................43
6.1Table1. Self-diagnosisandErrorSolutions.......................................................................................................43
6.2FrequentlyAskedQuestionsandAnswers.........................................................................................................43
7. ProductOverview.................................................................................................................................................45
7.1Introduction......................................................................................................................................................45
7.2Featuresof P116...............................................................................................................................................45
7.3TheoryofOperation.........................................................................................................................................45
7.4Applications.....................................................................................................................................................46
7.5Specifications...................................................................................................................................................47
8.Appendix1-FlowApplicationData.....................................................................................................................48
8.1SoundVelocityandViscosityforFluidsCommonlyUsed.................................................................................48
8.2SoundVelocityforVariousMaterialsCommonlyUse.......................................................................................48
8.3SoundVelocityInWater(1atm)AtDifferentTemperatures..............................................................................49
Updateinformation:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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1.TransmitterInstallationandConnection
1.1Wire Connecting
1.1.1PowerSupplyOption
Thefactoryoffersonerechargeable11.1VLithiumbatteryandmatchingbatterycharger.
1.1.2TransmitterWiring
Openthehingedtopcoveroftheelectronics.ShownfromlefttorightonthepaneloftheP116 arethe
downstreamtransducerconnector,upstreamtransducerconnector,thebatteryrechargeport(chargethetransmitter
orconnecttoastandbypowersupply), and the4~20mAoutputconnector.
Refertothebelowdiagramforspecificconnectioninformation:
Warning
Wirewhenitispower-off.Reliablegroundingmustbetakenfortheinstrumentbeforeinstallation
and use
1.2 PoweringOn
Assoonastheflowmeterisswitchedon,theself-diagnosisprogramwillstarttorun.Ifany errorisdetected,an
errorcodewill displayedonthescreen(see ErrorDiagnostics).Afterthat,thesystemwill runautomaticallyusing
theprogrammedparameters.
If it isthefirsttimetouseorinstall on anewsite,thecustomerneedtoinputthenewinstallationsiteparameters.
Anyparameterswhicharesetbytheuserwill besavedpermanentlyuntil theyarechangedbytheuser.
Whentheusermodifiestheparametersorremovesthetransducers,themeterwillrecalculateautomatically,and
operatenormallywiththenewlysetparameters.

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1.3KeypadFunctions
Followtheseguidelineswhenusingtheflowmeterkeypad:
~ and toinputnumbers.
Backspace ordeletecharacterstotheleft.
and Returntothelastmenuoropenthenextmenu.Acts
as “+”and “-”areusedtoenternumbers.
Selectamenu.Press thiskeyfirst,inputatwo-digit menunumber
and theselectedmenudatawillbedisplayed.Forexample,toinputapipe
outsidediameter,press where “11”isthewindow
IDtodisplaythepipeoutsidediameter. Enter/Confirm
Enter/Exit SDcardstorageinterface.
.AreshortcutstothewindowsforFlowRate,POSTotalizer,
Velocity, FluidType, SignalQualityandDiagnosis.
1.4KeypadOperation
Theinstrumentsetupand measurementdisplaysaresubdividedintomorethan100 independentmenus.The
operatorcaninputparameters,modifysettingsordisplaymeasurementresultsby “visiting”aspecificmenu.
Thesemenusarearrangedby2-digit serialnumbersfrom00~99, thenusing+0, +1, etc.EachmenuIDcodehasa
definedmeaning.Forexample,menu11isthepipeoutsidediameter,whilemenu25 isthemountingspacing
betweenthetransducers. Eachmenuisdiscussedlaterinthismanual.
Tovisitaspecificmenu,press the keyatanytimeexceptthe SDCardStorageInterface,theninputthe
2-digitmenuIDcodeandthatmenuwill bedisplayed.Forexample,toinputorcheckthepipeoutsidediameter,
press the keysforwindowIDcode11.
Anothermethodtovisitaparticularmenu istopress the and keystoscroll throughthe
menus. Forexample, ifthecurrentmenuis30, press keytoentermenu31, press the buttonagain
toentermenu30.
Themenusaredividedintothree types:
1)DataType, suchasM11, M12;
2)SelectionType, suchasM14;
3)Display Type, suchasM00, M01.
VisitDataTypemenustocheckspecificparameters. If
parameterchangeisneeded,justinputthevaluesthen
press ;orpress first,theninputthe
valuesandpress toconfirm.
Example1:Toenterapipeouterdiameterof200mm,
theprocedureisasfollows:
Press toenterMenu11(the
numericalvaluedisplayedcurrentlyistheprevious
Menu : 11
Pipe OuterDiameter
168.00 mm
14 : 53 : 30 Q=97R

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pipeouterdiameter).Nowpress the key.The
symbol “>”and aflashingcursorisdisplayedon the
leftsideofthethirdlineon thescreen.Thenewvalue
cannowbeentered.Orinputthevaluefirstthenpress
toconfirm .
VisitSelectionTypemenustochecktherelated
options.Ifneedtomodifyit,press enterfirsttoenter
therevisedselectionwhenthesymbol “>”and a
flashingcursoraredisplayedattheleftendofthe
thirdlineonthescreen;orinputnumbersdirectlyto
selecttheoptionwhenthesymbol “>”and aflashing
cursoraredisplayed.
Example2:Ifthepipematerialis “Stainless Steel”,
press toenterMenu14, then
press tomodifytheoption.Then,select “1.
Stainless Steel”fromthedrop-downmenu(youmay
cyclethroughthechoicesbypressingthe and
keys)and thenpress toconfirmthe
selection.Itisalsopossibletopress the key
tochangetheselection and wait until “1. Stainless
Steel”isdisplayedon thesecondlineofthescreen.
Menu : 14
PipeMaterial[14
1.StainlessSteel
14 : 54 : 45 Q=97R
Thenpress the keytoconfirm.
1.5FlowmeterMenuDescriptions
00~09 Displaymenus:Usedtodisplayflowrate,positivetotal, negativetotal,nettotal,velocity,date
&timeetc.
10~29 Setupmenus:Usedtoenterpipeouterdiameter,pipewall thickness,fluidtype,transducer
type, transducermountingand spacing, etc.
30~38 Flowunitsselectionandtotalizeroperatingmenus:Usedtoselectunitsofmeasurement.Othermenus
set/resetthevarioustotalizermodes.
40~45 ZeroSetCalibration, ScaleFactor.
55~83 Inputandoutputsetupmenus:currentloopmodeselect, 4mAor0mAoutputvalue, etc.
90~94 Diagnostics:signalstrengthquality(menu90),TOM/TOS*100 (menu91),soundvelocity
(menu92),totaltimeanddeltatimeofthemeasuredsignal(menu93),ReynoldsnumberandK
factor(menu94).
+0~+4Appendix:Poweron/off time, totalworkinghours,on/offtimesetc.
-04~20mAcorrectionmenu.
Attention
“Hidden”menusareforhardwareadjustment(setbythemanufacturer).

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2. TheQuickSetupInstructions
2.1Doublefunctionkeysmenudescription
Press
Press thedisplayFlowRateofM02.
Menu : 02
FLOW0 . 0000m3/h
POS 744x1m3
14 : 47 : 42 Q=97R
Press
Press thedisplayVelocityofM01.
Menu : 01
FLOW0 . 0000m3/h
Vel0 . 0000 m/s
14 : 43 : 02 Q=97R
Press
Press thedisplaySignalStrengthofM90.
Menu : 90
Strength+Quality[90
UP : 90 . 5DN : 90 . 0Q=97
15 : 08 : 25 Q=97R
Press
Press theTotalofM00.
Menu :
00
FLOW0 . 0000m3/h
NET 744x1m3
14 : 42 : 42 Q=97R

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Press
Press theTOM/TOSofM91.
Menu : 91
Tom/Tos*100[91
0 . 00%
15 : 08 : 45 Q=97R
Press
Press thedisplaySystemofM08.
Menu : 08
* R-----------------
Instrument Working
Properly
14 : 51 : 24 Q=97 R
Press
EnterinputPipeOuterDiameterofM11.
Menu : 11
Pipe OuterDiameter
168.00 mm
14 : 53 : 30 Q=97R
Press
EnterinputPipeWall Thickness ofM12.
Menu : 12
Pipe Wall Thickness
6 . 00mm
14 : 54 : 00 Q=97R

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Press
EntertheselectPipeMaterialtypeofM14.
Menu : 14
PipeMaterial[14
0.CarbonSteel
14 : 54 : 45 Q=97R
Press
EntertheselectFluidTypeofM20.
Menu : 20
Fluid Type [20
0 . Water
14 : 55 : 58 Q=97R
Press
EntertheselectTransducerMounting ofM24.
Menu : 24
Transducer Mounting
0 . V
14 : 56 : 20 Q=97R
Press
Start/stopmanualtotalizerinturn.
Menu
202 sec
OFF 2.125m3
14 : 20 : 30 Q=00R

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Press
Show/keeptotalizerinturn.
Menu
FLOW10 . 2546m3/h
POS 230x1m3
14 : 20 : 30 Q=00R
Press
Displaydynamic/normalmodeinstantaneousflow
and flowvelocityinturn.
Menu
FLOW10 . 2546m3/h Dyn
Vel1 . 0250m/s
14 : 20 : 30 Q=00R
Press
EntertheFluidSoundVelocityofM92.
Menu : 92
FluidSoundVelocity
0 . 0m/s
15 : 08 : 56 Q=97R
Press
EntersetuptimeofM60. Menu : 60
YY-MM-DDHH : MM : SS
10-03-08 15 : 05 : 00
15 : 05 : 00 Q=97R

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Press
Press enterthemanualcalibration offlow
velocity,press tomanualaccumulation,
thenpress accumulatedover,press
inputcriteriacumulants,confirmreasonable
press storetocompletethecalibration
coefficientK.
Menu
Manual Calibrate
Press ENT When Ready
14 : 20 : 30 Q=97R
Press
EnterthepasswordtoSetzerotoremove1234.
2.2 Forexample
Example:LetusassumeyouhaveaDN150(6”)pipe,measuringwater, Materialiscarbonsteelwithno liner.
Theseparametersshouldbeenteredasfollows:
Step1. Pipeoutsidediameter
Press keystoentermenu11,
enterthepipeoutsidediameter,thenpress the
key.
Menu : 11
Pipe Outer Diameter
168.00 mm
14 : 53 : 30 Q=97R
Step2. Pipewall thickness
Press the keytoentermenu
12, enterthepipewall thickness (wall thickness for
variouspipeschedulescanbefoundintheappendix),
thenpress the key.
Menu : 12
Pipe Wall Thickness
6 . 00 mm
14 : 54 : 00 Q=97R

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Step3. Pipematerial
Press the keytoentermenu 14,
press the key,usethe or key
toselectthepipematerialfromthedrop-downmenu,
thenpress the key.
Menu : 14
Pipe Material[14
0.CarbonSteel
14 : 54 : 45 Q=97R
Step4. Linermaterialparameters
(includingthickness andsoundvelocity, ifneeded)
Press the keytoentermenu
16, press the key,usethe or
keytoselectlinermaterialfromthedrop-downmenu,
and thenpress the key.
Menu : 16
LinerMaterial[16
0.None,Liner
14 : 55 : 10 Q=97R
Step5. Fluidtype
Press the keytoentermenu
20, press the key,usethe or
keytoselectfluidtypefromthedrop-downmenu,
thenpress the key.
Menu : 20
Fluid Type[20
0 . Water
14 : 55 : 58 Q=97R
Step6. Transducermountingmethods
Press the keytoentermenu
24, press the key,usethe or
keytoselecttransducer-mountingfromthedrop-down
menu, thenpress the key.
(Detailson Chapter4.1)
Menu : 24
TransducerMounting
0 . V
14 : 56 : 20 Q=97R

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Step7. Transducerspacing
Press the keytoentermenu
25, accuratelyinstall thetransduceraccordingtothe
displayedtransducermounting spacingandthe
selectedmounting method.
(Detailson Chapter4).
Menu : 25
Transducer Spacing
131 . 82 mm
14 : 56 : 40 Q=97R
Step8. DisplayMeasurementResults
Press toenterMenu01 to
displayflowrate. (Subjecttotherealmeasurement.)
Menu : 01
FLOW0 . 0000 m3/h
Vel0 . 0000 m/s
14 : 43 : 02 Q=97R
2.3 MeasurementSiteSelection
Comparingwithotherkindsofflowmeters,UltrasonicFlowmeteristhesimplestonetoinstall.Chooseaproper
measurementsite,enterthepipe sparametersintotheflowmeter, install andfix thetransducersonthepipe,thenit
canstartthemeasurement.
Whenselectingameasurementsite,it isimportanttoselectanareawherethefluidflowprofileisfullydeveloped
toguarantee ahighlyaccuratemeasurement. Usethefollowing guidelinestoselectaproperinstallation site:
lChooseasectionofpipethatisalwaysfull ofliquid, such asaverticalpipewithflowintheupwarddirection
orafull horizontalpipe.
lEnsureenoughstraightpipelength atleastequalto thefigureshown belowfortheupstreamanddownstream
transducersinstallation.
lOnthehorizontalpipe,thetransducershouldbemountedonthe3o clockand9o clockpositionofthepipe
section,avoidthe6o clockand 12 o clockposition,inordertoavoidthesignalattenuationcausedbythe
sedimentatthebottom, orairbubblesorcavitation.
lEnsurethatthepipesurface temperatureatthemeasuringpointiswithinthetransducertemperaturelimits.
lConsidertheinsideconditionofthepipecarefully.Ifpossible, selectasectionofpipewheretheinsideisfree
ofexcessivecorrosionorscaling.
lChooseasection ofsoundconductingpipe.

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3.TransducerInstallation
3.1InstallingtheTransducer
Beforeinstallingthetransducers, cleanthepipesurface wherethetransducersaretobemounted. Removeanyrust,
scaleorloosepaintandmakeasmoothsurface.Chooseasectionofsoundconductingpipeforinstallingthe
transducers.Applyawidebandofsoniccouplingcompounddownthecenteroftheface ofeachtransduceras
well asonthepipesurface,ensurethereareno airbubblesbetweenthetransducersand thepipewall,and then
attachthetransducerstothepipewiththestrapsprovidedand tightenthemsecurely.
Note:
1. Thetwotransducersshouldbemountedatthepipe scenterlineonhorizontalpipes.Makesurethatthe
transducermountingdirectionisparallelwiththeflow.
2. During theinstallation,thereshouldbenoairbubblesorparticlesbetweenthetransducerandthepipewall.On
horizontalpipes,thetransducersshouldbemountedinthe3o clockand9o clockpositionsofthepipesection in
ordertoavoidany airbubblesinsidethetopportion ofthepipe.
3. Referto2.15 fortheTransducerMounting Spacing.

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4. If thetransducerscannotbemountedhorizontallysymmetricallyduetolimitationofthelocalinstallation
conditions,itmaybenecessarytomountthetransducersatalocationwherethereisaguaranteedfull pipe
condition(thepipeisalwaysfullofliquid).
3.1.1TransducerMountingMethods
Three transducermountingmethodsareavailable.Theyarerespectively:Vmethod,ZmethodandNmethod.
TheVmethodisprimarilyusedonsmall diameterpipes(DN100~300mm,4"~12").TheZmethod isusedin
applicationswheretheVmethodcannotworkduetopoorsignalorno signaldetected.Inaddition,theZmethod
generallyworksbetteronlargerdiameterpipes(overDN300mm, 12")orcastiron pipes.
TheNmethodisanuncommonlyusedmethod. Itisusedonsmallerdiameterpipes(belowDN50mm, 2").
3.1.2VMethod
TheVmethodisconsideredasthestandardmethod.Itusuallygivesamoreaccuratereadingandisusedonpipe
diametersrangingfrom25mmto400mm (1" ~16")approximately.Also,itisconvenienttouse,butstillrequires
properinstallation ofthetransducers,contactonthepipeatthepipe scenterlineandequalspacingoneitherside
ofthecenterline.
DownstreamTransducer
UpstreamTransducer
Flow
TransducerSpace
Flow
SideView TopViewSection
PipeStrap
Transducer
3.1.3ZMethod
ThesignaltransmittedinaZmethodinstallationhasless attenuationthanasignaltransmittedwiththeVmethod
whenthepipesaretoolarge, therearesomesuspendedsolidinthefluid,orthescaling andlineraretoothick.
ThisisbecausetheZmethodutilizesadirectlytransmitted(ratherthanreflected)signalwhichtransversesthe
liquidonlyonce.TheZmethodisabletomeasureonpipediametersrangingfrom100mmto 5000mm (4" to200")
approximately. Therefore,werecommend theZmethodforpipediametersover300mm (12" ).
3.1.4NMethod (notcommonlyused)
WiththeNmethod,thesoundwavestraversethefluidthreetimesandbouncetwiceoffthepipewalls.Itis
suitableforsmallpipediametermeasurement.Themeasurementaccuracycanbeimprovedby extending the
transit distancewiththeNmethod(uncommonlyused).

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3.2Transducer Installation andFixing
Transducerscanstickontothepipewithitsmagneticsteelracks.If needtofastenthem,thencanusethechainsto
makeit firm. See belowpicture.
3.3 Transducer MountingInspection
Checktoseeifthetransducerisinstalledproperlyand ifthereisanaccurateandstrongenoughultrasonicsignal
toensureproperoperationandhighreliabilityofthetransducer.Itcanbeconfirmedbychecking thedetected
signalstrength, totaltransit time,deltatimeaswell astransit timeratio.
The"mounting"condition directlyinfluencestheflowvalueaccuracyandsystemlong-termoperationreliability.
Inmostinstances,onlyapplyawidebandofsoniccouplingcompound lengthwiseontheface ofthetransducer
and stickittotheoutsidepipewall togetgoodmeasurementresults. However, thefollowing inspectionsstillneed
tobecarriedoutinordertoensureahighreliabilityofthemeasurementandlong-termoperationofthe
instrument.
3.3.1SignalStrength
Signalstrength(displayedinSignal)indicatesadetectedstrengthofthesignalbothfromupstreamand
downstreamdirections.Therelevantsignalstrengthisindicatedbynumbersfrom00.0 ~99.9. 00.0 representsno
signaldetectedwhile99.9 representsmaximumsignalstrength. Normally, thestrongerthesignalstrengthdetected,
thelongertheoperationoftheinstrumentreliably, aswellasthemorestablethemeasurementvalueobtained.
Adjustthetransducertothebestpositionandensureenough soniccoupling compound hasbeenapplied
adequatelyduringtheinstallationinordertoobtainthemaximumsignalstrength.
Systemnormaloperationrequiressignalstrengthover65.0, whichisdetectedfrombothupstreamand
downstreamdirections.If thesignalstrengthdetectedistoo low,thetransducerinstallationpositionand the
transducermountingspacingshouldbere-adjustedandthepipeshouldbere-inspected.If necessary,changethe
mountingmethodtobeZmethod.
3.3.2SignalQuality(Qvalue)
QvalueisshortforSignalQuality(displayedinSignal).Itindicatesthelevelofthesignaldetected.Qvalueis
indicatedby numbersfrom00 ~99. 00 representstheminimumsignaldetectedwhile99 representthemaximum.
Normally,thetransducerpositionshouldbeadjustedrepeatedlyandcouplingcompoundapplicationshouldbe
checkedfrequentlytoensurethesignalqualitycanbedetectedasstrongaspossible.
3.3.3TotalTimeandDeltaTime
"TotalTimeand DeltaTime", whichdisplaysinWindowM6.04, indicatestheconditionoftheinstallation.The
measurementcalculationsintheflowmeterarebaseduponthesetwoparameters.Therefore,when"DeltaTime"
fluctuateswidely,theflowandvelocitiesfluctuateaccordingly,thismeansthatthesignalqualitydetectedistoo
poor.Itmaybetheresultedofpoorpipe-installationconditions,inadequatetransducerinstallationorincorrect
parameterinput.
Generally,"DeltaTime"fluctuationshouldbeless than ±20%.Onlywhenthepipediameteristoosmallor

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velocityistoolowcanthefluctuationbewider.
3.3.4TransitTimeRatio
Transit TimeRatioindicatesifthetransducermountingspacingisaccurate.Thenormaltransit timeratioshould
be100+/-3 iftheinstallation isproper. Checkit in WindowM6.02.
Attention
If thetransit timeratioisover100±3, it isnecessarytocheck:
If theparameters(pipeoutsidediameter,wall thickness,pipematerial,liner,etc.)havebeen
enteredcorrectly,
If thetransducermountingspacingisaccordancewiththedisplayin WindowM25,
If thetransducerismountedatthepipe scenterlineonthesamediameter,
If thescaleistoothickorthepipemountingisdistortedin shape, etc.
3.3.5Warnings
(1)Pipeparametersenteredmustbeaccurate;otherwisetheflowmeterwill notworkproperly.
(2)During theinstallation,applyenoughcouplingcompoundsinordertostickthetransducersontothepipewall.
WhilecheckingthesignalstrengthandQvalue,movethetransducersslowlyaroundthemountingsiteuntil the
strongestsignaland maximumQvaluecanbeobtained. .
(3)ChecktobesurethemountingspacingisaccordancewiththedisplayinWindowM25 andthetransduceris
mountedatthepipe scenterlineon thesamediameter.
(4)If thesignalstrengthisalwaysdisplayed as0.00, thatmeansthereisnosignaldetected.Thus, it isnecessaryto
checkthattheparameters(includingall thepipeparameters)havebeenenteredaccurately.Checktobesurethe
transducermountingmethodhasbeenselectedproperly,thepipeisnotworn-out,andthelinerisnottoothick.
Makesurethereisindeedfluidinthepipeorthetransducerisnottooclosetoavalveorelbow,andtherearenot
toomanyairbubblesinthefluid,etc.Withtheexception ofthesereasons,ifthereisstill nosignaldetected,the
measurementsitehastobechanged.
(5)Keeptheflowmeterawayfromtheelectromagneticinterferenceareatoensureitsproperoperation..
(6)Aftercompletingtheinstallation,powerontheinstrumentandchecktheparametersandtheresult accordingly.
4. OperatingInstructions
4.1SystemNormalIdentification
Press the keys. Iftheletter “*R”displaysonthescreen, it indicatessystemnormal.
If theletter “G”isdisplayed,it indicatesthatsystemisadjustingthesignalgainpriortothemeasurement.Also,it
meanssystemnormal.Onlywhentheadjustmenttakestoolongwithoutstopping,cansystembeidentifiedas
abnormal.
Letter “I”indicatesnosignalisbeingdetected.Checktosee ifthetransducerwiringconnectionsarecorrect,the
transducersaresecurelyinstalled,etc.
Forfurtherinformation,pleasereferto “ErrorDiagnosis”.
4.2Low Flow CutoffValue
ThedatainM41 isLowFlowCutoff Value.If theflowratefallsbelowthelowflowcutoff value,theflow
indicationisdeemedtobeZERO.Thiscanpreventtheflowmeteraccumulatetheflowwhentheactualflow
is"0"afterapump wasshutdown. Generally, 0.03m/sisrecommendedtoenterasthelowflowcutoffpoint.
Thelowflowcutoffvaluehasnorelationtothemeasurementresultsonce thevelocityishigherthanthelowflow
cutoff value.

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4.3ZeroSettings
Whenzeroflowoccurs,any measuringinstrumentwill hasazeropointwhichshowsthemeasuringvalueisnot
equalto “0”,thisvalueindicates"Zero". Toanymeasuringinstrument,thesmallerthe"Zero"is,thebetterthe
qualityis.
If thezerosetpointisnotattruezeroflow,ameasurementdifference mayoccur.Thesmallerthemeasurement
flowis,thelargerthemeasurementdifferencecausedbythezeropointwill exist.Onlywhenzeropointreduced
toadefinitedegree themeasuringdifference causedbythezeropointcanbeignored.
Foranultrasonicflowmeter,themeasurementdifference causedbythezeropointcannotbeignoredunderlow
flowconditions.Itisnecessarytoperformastaticzerosetcalibration toimprovethelowflowmeasurement
accuracy.
SetZeroinMenu42 press ,and thenwait fortheprocessingindicationordisplayedComplete..Ifsetting
Zeroinflowingconditions, it maycausetheflowtobedisplayedas"0". If so, itcanberecoveredviaMenu43.
4.4ScaleFactor
Scalefactorreferstotheratiobetween"actualvalue"and "readingvalue". Forexample,whenthemeasurementis
2.00, and it isindicatedas1.98 on theinstrument,thescalefactorreadingis2/1.98. Thismeansthatthebestscale
factorconstantis1. However,it isdifficulttokeepthescalefactoras"1" on theinstrumentespeciallyinbatch
productions.Thedifference iscalled"consistency".
Duringoperation,therestill existspossibledifferenceinpipeparameters, etc.The"scalefactor"maybenecessary
whenusedondifferentpipes.Thus,scalefactorcalibrationisspeciallydesignedforcalibratingthedifferences
thatresult fromapplicationondifferentpipes.Thescalefactorenteredmustbeonethatresultsfromactualflow
calibration. Thescalefactorcanbeinputin WindowM45.
4.54~20mACurrentLoop Output
Withacurrentloopoutputexceedinganaccuracyof0.1%,theflowmeterisprogrammableandconfigurablewith
outputssuchas4~20mAselectedinMenu55. PleaserefertoMenu55 in"WindowDisplayExplanations"for
moreinformation.
InWindowM56, entera4mAflowvalue.Enterthe20mAflowvalueinWindowM57. Forexample,iftheflow
rangeinaspecificpipeis0 ~1000m3/h,enter0 in WindowM56and 1000 in WindowM57.
Calibrating andtesting thecurrentloopisperformedin WindowM58. Completethestepsasfollows：
Press ,move or todisplay “0mA”, “4mA”, “8mA”, “16mA”, “20mA”
readings,connectanammetertotestthecurrentloopoutputandcalculatethedifference.Calibrateit ifthe
difference isnotwithintolerance.RefertoSection5.6 forCurrentLoopVerification.
Checkthepresentcurrentloopoutputin WindowM59, thevaluewill changealongwiththechangeoftheflow.
4.64-20mAAnalog OutputCalibration
Attention
Eachflowmeterhasbeenstrictlycalibratedbeforeleavingfactory.Itisunnecessaryto
carryoutthisstepexceptwhenthecurrentvalue(detectedwhilecalibratingthecurrentloop)
displayedin WindowM58 isnotidenticalwiththeactualoutputcurrentvalue.
Calibratetheanaloginputrequiredtoexpandthehardwaredebuggingmenuasbelowprocedures:
Press ,enterthepassword “115800”thenpress .Thisactionwill be
inoperativeafterpoweringoff.
Thenpress toentertheCurrentLoopVerificationMode,press toenterthe4mAverification
status,useanaccurateammetertomeasuretheoutputcurrentofthecurrentloop, andmove or to
adjustthedisplayedvalues,wait fortheammetercurrentvaluetoreach “4mA”,thenthe4mAverificationis