Ponovo PA460Bi User manual

PONOVO POWER CO., LTD
No. 139 Jinghai Third Road, BDA, Beijing, China, 100176
Office
TEL. [phone]
E-Mail
[e-mail]
Website
www.ponovo.net
PA460Bi
POWER AMPLIFIER USER MANUAL
VERSION: PA460BI-AE-1.20
DATE: MAY 2022
This manual is the publication of PONOVO POWER CO.,LTD. Any form of copy should
obtain the consent of it.
The manual represents the technology status at publication time. The product information,
directions and all technical specifications do not have contract binding. The company
subjects to changing the technical and configuration information without notice. The
company is not responsible for possible errors occurred in the manual.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
1
Content
1. Safety Precaution......................................................................................................2
2. General .....................................................................................................................8
3. Main Technical Specifications...................................................................................9
3.1 Power Supply......................................................................................................9
3.2 Environment Conditions......................................................................................9
3.3 Dimension and Weight......................................................................................10
3.4 Technical Specifications for Current Amplifier..................................................10
3.5 Technical Specifications for Voltage Amplifier .................................................11
4. Functions of Current Amplifier ................................................................................12
4.1 Basic Principle ..................................................................................................12
4.2 Function ............................................................................................................13
4.3 High Current Output..........................................................................................14
4.4 High Power Output............................................................................................16
5. Functions of Voltage Amplifier ................................................................................17
5.1 Basic Principle ..................................................................................................17
5.2 Function ............................................................................................................18
6. Panels .....................................................................................................................19
6.1 Front Panel .......................................................................................................19
6.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................20
7. How to Use Amplifier ..............................................................................................21
7.1 Wiring................................................................................................................21
7.2 Power On ..........................................................................................................21
7.3 Current and voltage output ...............................................................................21
7.4 Turn Off.............................................................................................................22
8. Amplifier Inspection ................................................................................................23
9. Accessories for cable set........................................................................................24

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
2
1. Safety Precaution
Read User Manual before operation.
1. Check carefully all buttons are positioned correctly before startup.
1) Pause button in correct position in pressed state.
2) ON/OFF in OFF state.
3) Not press high power button (High power indicator in OFF state)
2. Main supply capacity should meet the requirement; otherwise it will affect output power
of amplifier during high current output.
3. Handle the amplifier with great care and follow the symbols on the package: fragile,
handle with care, top (an arrow pointing up), keep dry and protect from shaking.
4. Generally it’s not necessary to depress high power button (high power button light
should be off also).
5. Never operate live signal and load wires with voltage or current output to protect the
safety of equipment and personnel.
6. In case the power outlet for powering up the amplifier does not have protective
ground customer must connect the ground socket to the protective ground at the
test site
7. The voltage output of over 36V is considered as dangerous and care must be
taken
8. It’s not allowed to feed external voltage into the voltage/current output sockets
9. It’s not allowed to feed external current into the current/voltage output sockets
10. Disconnect the external circuit from the relay to avoid any influence to the test
11. Do not block the ventilation outlets

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
3
12. Avoid the equipment to be wet by rain
13. Do not switch-on and operate the equipment in the place having explosive gas or
water vapor.
14. The 500V dangerous voltage can be in the equipment and please don’t remove
the cover by yourself
15. Please contact the manufacture for any maintenance
16. The guarantee will become invalid if kit is opened by the customer

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
4
For Your Safety Please Note
This symbol indicates potential hazards by electrical voltages/currents caused by, for
example, wrong connections, short-circuits, technically inadequate or faulty equipment or by
disregarding the safety notes of the following sections.
Use Proper Power Cord
Only the power cord designed for the instrument and authorized by local country could be
used.
Ground The Instrument
The instrument must be grounded safely with the supplied ground cable.
Observe All Terminal Ratings
To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markers on the instrument and check
your manual for more information about ratings before connecting.
Do not Assemble/Disassemble the Instrument without
Authorization
The instrument should be assembled and or disassembled by professional engineers; users
are not allowed to perform related operations except for some possible replacements in this
manual.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
5
Do not Move or Maintain the Instrument When it is Powered On
To avoid personnel injuries, any position adjustment, maintenance or parts replacement are
forbidden when instrument is on.
Use Proper Fuse
Please use the specified fuses.
Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures
If you suspect damage occurs to the instrument, have it inspected by qualified service
personnel before further operations. Any maintenance, adjustment or replacement
especially to circuits or accessories must be performed by authorized personnel.
Keep Well Ventilation
Inadequate ventilation may cause increasing of temperature or damages to the device. So
please keep well ventilated and inspect the intake and fan regularly.
Do Not Operate in Wet Conditions
In order to avoid short circuiting to the interior of the device or electric shock, please do not
operate in a humid environment.
Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere
In order to avoid damages to the device or personal injuries, it is important to operate the
device away from an explosive atmosphere.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
6
Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry
To avoid the influence of dust and/or moisture in air, please keep the surface of device clean
and dry.
Operate the Instrument in a Suitable Environment
The best condition for optimal measurement is: 5 ℃to 40℃; less than 2 ℃/hour changing,
20% to 80% RH and the instrument should not be placed towards the air outlet.
Electrostatic Prevention
Operate in an electrostatic discharge protective area environment to avoid damages
induced by static discharges. Always ground both the internal and external conductors of the
cable to release static before connecting.
Proper Use of Solvent
Please use the solvent in compliance with instructions specified in its supplier. If necessary,
wear protective clothing, gloves and glasses to avoid any injuries.
Handling Safety
Please handle with care during transporting to avoid damages to surface, panel and parts
resulting from the falling from your hand.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
7
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential
area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct
the interference at his own expense.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
8
2. General
The real-time simulation technology is widely used in the power system. Different digital
simulation system are developed such as RTDS, EDF and TEQSIM, etc. But no matter how
the digital simulation or digital-analog model simulation changes, the power amplifiers are
the main component in the system.
The power amplifier for digital simulator in power system is required to have high linearity,
quick response, be available to all kinds of capacitive, inductive and resistive loads.
Generally power amplifier consists of two types of amplifiers: linear power amplifier and
switching power amplifier. The linear power amplifier has the strengths of high linearity,
quick response, high accuracy, good electromagnetic compatibility and the weakness of bad
performance in high current and high power cases. The switching power amplifier is quite fit
in high current, high power devices with its strength of high efficiency, but it’s weak in
linearity, small signal noise, DC offset, drift, transient response, load driving capability
aspects, which are very difficult to fix.
PA460Bi amplifier is specially designed for power electricity simulation and solves the high
power problem for linear power amplifier and accuracy problem for heavy current output.
PA460Bi amplifier has six-phase current output. Each phase maximally outputs 32A RMS
and maximum output power of 450VA. There is six-phase voltage output. Each phase
outputs 120V RMS and maximum output power of 60VA.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
9
3. Main Technical Specifications
3.1 Power Supply
Power supply
Single phase 220/240V AC
Max Current: 10A
Frequency: 50/60Hz
Power capacity
Max 2500VA
3.2 Environment Conditions
Operating temperature -5 ~50°C
Storage temperature -25~+70°C
Related humidity: 20%RH~85%RH
Pressure: 86 kPa~106kPa
EMC (Emission) IEC-61000-3-2/3
EMC (immunity) IEC-61000-4-2/3/4/5/6/11
Safety IEC/EN 61010-1:2010; UL 61010-1:2012; CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-12
Surrounding conditions: No dust, vibration or serious electromagnetic field interferes.
The equipment is not recommended to be used out of laboratory.
Avoid the equipment to be used online out of laboratory in severe environment.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
10
3.3 Dimension and Weight
Dimension: 4U
Weight: 27kg
3.4 Technical Specifications for Current Amplifier
Current output 6x0~ 32A RMS
Max. output power 6x450VA typ. at 32A
6x400VA guar. at 32A
Input signal 0~7.2V RMS
Differential input impedance 20k ohm
Gain 4.5A/V
Current accuracy 0.2%(0.5-32A)
Current typical accuracy <0.1%
Phase accuracy 0.2°
Harmonic distortion ratio ≤0.2%
Frequency range DC-5kHz±1dB
Step response < 20us
Input/output delay < 20us
Linearity ≤0.2%

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
11
3.5 Technical Specifications for Voltage Amplifier
Voltage output 6x0~120V RMS
Max. output power >60VA(120V output)
Input signal 0~6V RMS(±8.4Vpek)
Differential input impedance 20k ohm
Gain 20V/V
Voltage accuracy <0.1%(5V-120V)
Voltage typical accuracy <0.05%
Harmonic distortion ratio ≤0.1%
Linearity ≤0.1%
Frequency range DC-5kHz±1dB
Step response <20us
Input/output delay <20us
Phase accuracy 0.2°

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
12
4. Functions of Current Amplifier
4.1 Basic Principle
This current amplifier is a kind of linear current power amplifier targeting at the CT
characteristic of power system, with strengths of high accuracy, high current and quick
response, which consists of below parts mainly:
1) High-speed differential input circuit for amplifier;
2) Current power amplifier module;
3) Detection and alarm circuit: each amplifier has an output distortion detection circuit.
4) Protection circuit, by which the amplifier can be terminated when its temperature is
too high and will resume working when it is cooled down to a reasonable degree.
5) Cooling fan. When the temperature of the amplifier is quite low, the fan will work at
low speed for prolonging the service life and reducing the operation noise of the fan.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
13
4.2 Function
1) The differential input circuit can reduce the influence of the common mode noise to
make it possible that use long wires to connect across the amplifier and signal source,
which will reduce mutual effects between all amplifiers producing high currents to
guarantee the operation safety of the simulator.
2) When one current output is open-circuit or overload, the indicator of overload to the
related phase on front panel will be on. After overload and open-circuit disappear, it
restores to working status.
3) Pause control function (PAUSE). The pause button on the front panel can cut off the
signal input of the amplifier, pressing the pause button to pause the output of the
amplifier. The input signal should be stopped before the Pause is removed. The
amplifier output will be restarted with new input signal.
4) When the overheat protection is activated, the input of the amplifier will be terminated
and the “Overheat” alarm light on the front panel will be on.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
14
4.3 High Current Output
PA460Bi supports 3 current output simultaneous as 3*64A.
The wiring connection is made as below.
Note:
The output in each channel should be directly connected with the tested object.
Tested Object
A
B
C
N

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
15
During the process, please note:
In current signal input, 2 groups should be the same signal.
For example:
IA+ / Ia+ input short circuited, IA-/ Ia- input short circuited
IB+ / Ib+ input short circuited, IB-/ Ib- input short circuited
IC+ / Ic+ input short circuited, IC-/ Ic- input short circuited
Because the current signal input 2 groups are short connected, then the gain will be
9A/V :2*4.5A/V=9A /V
For example: PA460Bip Current Signal Input is 1V, and tested object current injection is
9A.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
16
4.4 High Power Output
With high power control button is pressed, after several seconds, the high power control
button light will be on. By then the current amplifier can improve 20% of output power. This
button can be used in case the high current output is needed and heavy load applied.
Note:
1. Generally it’s not necessary to activate the high power output function, because it may
cause extra heat generated from amplifier.
2. High power output function must be inactivated as soon as the job was done. Never let
amplifier stay in high power output state for a long time.
3. Never apply the high power output function when output terminals are directly short
connected.
4. Never apply the high power output function when DC current is produced.
5. Never switch to/off the high power output function when amplifier is producing any output.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
17
5. Functions of Voltage Amplifier
5.1 Basic Principle
This voltage power amplifier is a linear voltage power amplifier specially targeting at the PT
characteristics of power system with the strengths of high accuracy, high voltage and quick
response, which consists of below parts mainly:
1) High-speed differential input circuit for amplifier;
2) Voltage power amplifier module;
3) Detection and alarm circuit: each amplifier has an output distortion detection circuit.
4) Temperature protection circuit: It will terminate the amplifier as soon as the
temperature of the amplifier reaches dangerous degree and will let the amplifier
resume to work automatically when it has been cooled down to a reasonable level.
5) Cooling fan: Fan will work at low speed if amplifier temperature is certain low,
which is benefit for prolonging its service life and reducing working noise.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
18
5.2 Function
1) The differential input circuit can reduce the influence of the common mode noise to
make it possible that use long wires to connect across the amplifier and signal source,
which will reduce mutual effects between all amplifiers during output to guarantee the
operation safety of the simulator.
2) The output voltage distortion and overload auto-detection circuit will protect the voltage
amplifier output overload or short-circuit automatically. It automatically closes amplifier
input/ output, and the overload indicator in front panel lights. After overload and
short-circuit disappear, it restores to working status.
3) Pause control function (PAUSE). The pause button on the front panel can cut off the
signal input of the amplifier, pressing the pause button to pause the output of the
amplifier. The input signal should be stopped before the Pause is removed. The
amplifier output will be restarted with new input signal.
4) 4) When the overheat protection is activated, the input of the amplifier will be terminated
and the “Overheat” alarm light on the front panel will be on.

PA460Bi Power Amplifier User Manual
19
6. Panels
6.1 Front Panel
1
2
3
4
5
1. Run/ Power indicator
When the amplifier is powered on, the Power indicator will be on.
When there is current/ voltage signal, the Run indicator will be on.
2. High power control button: Press it to output current high power
3. Power switch: Power ON/OFF
4. Status indicators: Overheat, V Overload, IA Overload, IB Overload, IC Overload, Ia
Overload, Ib Overload, Ic Overload
5. Pause button: Press it and light in red. The current and voltage output will be paused.
Note: The input signal should be stopped before the Pause is removed. The amplifier
output will be restarted with new input signal.