Ponovo PAC2000B User manual

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PONOVO POWER CO., LTD
No. 139 Jinghai Third Road, BDA, Beijing, China, 10017
Office
TEL. [phone]
E-Mail
[e-mail]
Website
www.relaytest.com / www.ponovo.com.cn
PAC2000B
POWER AMPLIFIER USER MANUAL
VERSION: PAC2000B -AE-1.20
DATE: MARCH, 2021
This manual is the publication of PONOVO POWER CO.,LTD. Any form of copy should
obtain the consent of it.
The manual represents the technology status at publication time. The product information,
directions and all technical specifications do not have contract binding. The company
subjects to changing the technical and configuration information without notice. The
company is not responsible for possible errors occurred in the manual.

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Contents
1. Safety Precaution..................................................................................................3
2. General..................................................................................................................8
3. Main Technical Specifications .............................................................................10
3.1 Current Amplifier ...........................................................................................10
3.2 Use Environment........................................................................................... 11
3.3 Digital Display of Current Output .................................................................. 11
4. Functions and Features ......................................................................................12
4.1 Basic Principle...............................................................................................12
4.2 Function and Features ..................................................................................13
5. Panels..................................................................................................................15
5.1 Front Panel....................................................................................................15
5.2 Rear Panel ....................................................................................................16
5.3 Terminal Definition.........................................................................................18
6. Amplifier Inspection.............................................................................................20
7. Delivery and Installation ......................................................................................20

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1. Safety Precaution
Read User Manual before operation.
1. Check carefully all buttons are positioned correctly before startup.
1) Pause button in correct position in pressed state.
2) ON/OFF in OFF state.
3) Not press high power button (High power indicator in OFF state)
2. Main supply capacity should meet the requirement; otherwise it will affect output
power of amplifier during high current output.
3. Handle the amplifier with great care and follow the symbols on the package: fragile,
handle with care, top (an arrow pointing up), keep dry and protect from shaking.
4. Generally it’s not necessary to depress high power button (high power button light
should be off also).
5. Never operate live signal and load wires with voltage or current output to protect the
safety of equipment and personnel.
6. In case the power outlet for powering up the amplifier does not have protective ground
customer must connect the ground socket to the protective ground at the test site
7. The voltage output of over 36V is considered as dangerous and care must be taken
8. It’s not allowed to feed external voltage into the voltage/current output sockets
9. It’s not allowed to feed external current into the current/voltage output sockets
10. Disconnect the external circuit from the relay to avoid any influence to the test
11. Do not block the ventilation outlets
12. Avoid the equipment to be wet by rain
13. Do not switch-on and operate the equipment in the place having explosive gas or
water vapor.
14. The 500V dangerous voltage can be in the equipment and please don’t remove the
cover by yourself

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15. Please contact the manufacture for any maintenance
16. The guarantee will become invalid if kit is opened by the customer

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For Your Safety Please Note
This symbol indicates potential hazards by electrical voltages/currents caused by, for
example, wrong connections, short-circuits, technically inadequate or faulty equipment or
by disregarding the safety notes of the following sections.
Use Proper Power Cord
Only the power cord designed for the instrument and authorized by local country could be
used.
Ground The Instrument
The instrument must be grounded safely with the supplied ground cable in testing.
Observe All Terminal Ratings
To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markers on the instrument and check
your manual for more information about ratings before connecting.
Do not Assemble/Disassemble the Instrument without
Authorization
The instrument should be assembled and or disassembled by professional engineers;
users are not allowed to perform related operations except for some possible replacements
in this manual.
Do not Move or Maintain the Instrument When it is Powered On
To avoid personnel injuries, any position adjustment, maintenance or parts replacement
are forbidden when instrument is on.

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Use Proper Fuse
Please use the specified fuses.
Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures
If you suspect damage occurs to the instrument, have it inspected by qualified service
personnel before further operations. Any maintenance, adjustment or replacement
especially to circuits or accessories must be performed by authorized personnel.
Keep Well Ventilation
Inadequate ventilation may cause increasing of temperature or damages to the device. So
please keep well ventilated and inspect the intake and fan regularly.
Do Not Operate in Wet Conditions
In order to avoid short circuiting to the interior of the device or electric shock, please do not
operate in a humid environment.
Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere
In order to avoid damages to the device or personal injuries, it is important to operate the
device away from an explosive atmosphere.
Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry
To avoid the influence of dust and/or moisture in air, please keep the surface of device
clean and dry.
Operate the Instrument in a Suitable Environment
The best condition for optimal measurement is: 5 ℃to 40℃; less than 2 ℃/hour changing,

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20% to 80% RH and the instrument should not be placed towards the air outlet.
Electrostatic Prevention
Operate in an electrostatic discharge protective area environment to avoid damages
induced by static discharges. Always ground both the internal and external conductors of
the cable to release static before connecting.
Proper Use of Solvent
Please use the solvent in compliance with instructions specified in its supplier. If necessary,
wear protective clothing, gloves and glasses to avoid any injuries.
Handling Safety
Please handle with care during transporting to avoid damages to surface, panel and parts
resulting from the falling from your hand.
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual,
may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be
required to correct the interference at his own expense.

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2. General
Real time digital simulator technology has broad applications in power system test and
research nowadays. As the computer technology and the research of power system
simulator are improving, several different kinds of digital simulator systems are coming out
continuously, such as RTDS, EDF, TEQSIM, etc. However, power amplifier, as the final
output in the simulator system, will always be the most important part of full digital simulator
or digital-analog simulator, no matter how they have changed.
The power amplifier for digital simulator in power system is required to have high linearity,
quick response, be available to all kinds of capacitive, inductive and resistive loads.
Generally power amplifier consists of two types of amplifiers: linear power amplifier and
switching power amplifier. The linear power amplifier has the strengths of high linearity,
quick response, high accuracy, good electromagnetic compatibility and the weakness of
bad performance in high current and high power cases. The switching power amplifier is
quite fit in high current, high power devices with its strength of high efficiency, but it’s weak
in linearity, small signal noise, DC offset, drift, transient response, load driving capability
aspects, which are very difficult to fix.
PAC2000B is a kind of high performance linear power amplifier specially developed for
power system simulation, showing incredible performance of not only solving the accuracy
problem for linear power amplifier during high power and high current output but still
keeping the strength of being available for all kinds of capacitive and inductive loads.
The dual supply amplifier system composed by PAC2000B can produce 6-phase current,
with maximum RMS phase current of 200A and maximum output power of 5000VA.
Other related products are shown as follow: PDC1000 DC power supply for test, with
maximum output voltage of 275V and maximum output load current of 5A, can participate

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into the tests to provide a slowly varying, jump varying, glitch, ripple, or fluctuation (80%,
100% and 115%) power supply for protection equipment. PAD24 switch signal conversion
device, which can carry out isolated conversion for 24-line switch input contacts and 12-line
switch output contacts; PAD36 switch signal conversion device, which can carry out
isolated conversion for 36-line switch output contacts; PSS01B breaker simulator can be
set to single-phase, 3-phase closing and tripping modes respectively to perform split phase,
3-phase closing and tripping actions to simulate transient faults or permanent faults that
might occur in systems, or conversion faults.

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3. Main Technical Specifications
3.1 Current Amplifier
Current output
0~200A RMS
Max. Output Power
> 2400VA(200A output)
Input signal-Analog
Standard: 0~7V RMS (±10Vpek)
Input signal-Digital (optional)
Support Aurora protocol communication
Current accuracy
0.2%(0.5A-200A)
Current typical accuracy
< 0.1%
Differential input impedance
20k
Gain
2A/V or 4A/V or 30A/V
Harmonic distortion ratio
≤0.2%
Linearity
≤0.2%
Phase accuracy
0.2°
Frequency range
DC-5kHz±1dB
Step response
< 20us
Input/output delay
< 20us
DC power supply
PAP01
Power supply＊
3 phase 380V AC 50/60 Hz
＊
Note: Please refer to user manual PAP01B for details.
Maximum Distortion less Load Driving Capability
Output Current
20A
50A
100A
200A
Load
0.60Ω
0.24Ω
0.12Ω
0.06Ω

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3.2 Use Environment
Operating temperature: 25 deg±10 deg
Storage Temperature: -25 deg—+70 deg
Related humidity: 20%RH—85%RH
Pressure: 86 kPa—106kPa
EMC (Emission) IEC-61000-3-2/3
EMC (immunity) IEC-61000-4-2/3/4/5/6/11
Safety IEC/EN 61010-1:2010
UL 61010-1:2012
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-12
Surrounding conditions: No dust, vibration or serious electromagnetic field interferes.
The equipment is not recommended to be used out of laboratory.
Avoid the equipment to be used online out of laboratory in severe environment.
3.3 Digital Display of Current Output
The RMS of current output can be displayed in real-time on the panel.

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4. Functions and Features
4.1 Basic Principle
Schematic Block Diagram of PAC2000B
PAC2000B current power amplifier is a kind of power amplifier with linear current output,
targeting at the CT characteristic of power system, of the strengths of high accuracy, high
current and quick response, which consists of below parts mainly:
1) High-speed differential input circuit for amplifier;
2) High order low pass filter with special transfer function, quick response and no
over-shoot;
3) High performance current power amplifier module;
4) High performance test circuit of output current of true RMS value;
5) Temperature protection circuit, which can shut off the amplifier when its temperature
is too high and will let it resume to work when it is cooled down to a reasonable degree.
6) Temperature-controlled fan, which means that when the temperature of the
amplifier is quite low, the fan will work at low speed for it’s better for prolonging the service
life and reducing the operation noise of the fan.

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4.2 Function
1) The differential input circuit can reduce the influence of the common mode noise to
make it possible that use long wires to connect across the amplifier and signal source,
which will reduce mutual effects between all amplifiers during high current output to
guarantee the operation safety of the simulator.
2) The cutoff frequency of high-order low pass filter is 1000Hz, which can filter high
frequency interference out to improve signal-noise ratio for small signal but have to
sacrifice the response speed and the input/output delay declined to around 200μs and
300μs respectively.
Note:
With low pass filter applied, all voltage and current channels must be used together to
reduce the phase interferences among voltage and current channels.
3) Three gain options for selection. User can accord to maximum output current to select
right amplifier gain.
For 2A/V, IOUTMAX≈14A
For 4A/V, IOUTMAX≈28A
For 30A/V, IOUTMAX≈210A
4) Pause control (PAUSE)
The pause button on the front panel can cut off the signal input of the amplifier. Press the
pause button, the output current will become zero.
5) General stop (STOP) control button also can cut off any signal input of the amplifier,
generally is used for the situation of terminating all inputs together.
6) Test control button can deliver test source signal to amplifier’s input circuit to observe
and judge whether the amplifier works normally.
7) Display true RMS value of output current measured.
8) Check output current to be produced, applying for time limit control on current output.

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9) Provided that the overheat protection is activated, input and output of amplifier will be
terminated.

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5. Panels
5.1 Front Panel
1. Display: Show the current output
2. Indicator: The working status will be showing.
3. Pause button: Press it and light in red. The current output will be paused. The output
will be resumed after press Pause button again.
4
＊
. Current output: It is connected with the current input of the test object.
＊:
There are both current output in the front and rear panels. Current output on either
panel can be configured.

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5.2 Rear Panel
57
12
11
8
6
9
10
5. Power socket: Please use the power cable supplied by PONOVO (The cable with
special port must be used).
6. Control supply terminals of current amplifier:Please refer to the terminal definition
below.
7
＊
.Current output:It is connected with the current input of the test object.
8. Earth ground: It should be grounded with earth during testing.
9
＊＊
. Gain selection: There are three options for choice and the related indicators for
Gain selection will be on in front and rear panels.
10
＊＊＊
LPF: Low-pass filter
Test: It is used for calibration purpose.
11. Current Signal Input:0~7V RMS (±10Vpek)
12. Control terminals of current amplifier:Please refer to the terminal definition below.
＊:
There are both current output in the front and rear panels. Current output on either
panel can be configured.
＊＊:
Once the output is in process, the gain selection cannot be changed.
＊＊＊:
LPF: A low-pass filter (LPF) is a filter that passes signals with a frequency lower than
a selected cutoff frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff

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frequency. The output response time is delayed around 200us.
Please refer to the Control definition below for more details.
Test: When the calibration signal is input, all the outputs will be the same for calibration
convenience.
Please refer to the Terminal Definition below for more details.

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5.3 Terminal Definition
1) Control supply terminals of current amplifier
Terminal No.
Definition
Wire No.
Wire Color
0
+12V
4
Yellow(Red)
1
0
5
Black
2
-12V
6
Green
3
+28V
1
Yellow(Red)
4
0
2
Black
5
-28V
3
Green
6
NC
7
NC
8
NC
9
NC
A
NC
B
NC
2) Control terminals of current amplifier
Terminal No.
Definition
Wire No.
Wire Color
0
Band Width Limit +
White(Blue)
1
Band Width Limit -
White(Blue)
2
Current Test Output +
46
White(Blue)
3
Current Test Output -
47
White(Blue)
4
Test Signal Input
30,32,34,36,38,40
White(Blue)
5
Test Signal GND
31,33,35,37,39,41
White(Blue)
6
Test Control
22
White(Blue)
7
General Stop Control +
23
White(Blue)

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(STOP)
8
General Stop Control -
(STOP)
25 White(Blue)
9
Time Limit Stop+
42
White(Blue)
A
Time Limit Stop-
43
White(Blue)
B
NC
44
White(Blue)
C
NC
45
White(Blue)

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6. Amplifier Inspection
All amplifiers have passed strict tests and high power output running test before delivery.
The test items include function test, linearity, load stability, total harmonic distortion,
maximum output power, amplitude and frequency characteristic, input/output delay, step
response, system phase precision tests. Refer to Factory Inspection and Acceptance
Report for detail.
Please refer to Factory Inspection and Acceptance Report for detail.
7. Delivery and Installation
For delivery or long distance transportation, each unit of amplifier is needed to be unloaded
and carried in separate packs.
The packs should be: at least one current amplifier cases (19〃4U), one control (19〃2U),
one power supply, one machine chassis.
Print following symbols on the packing at where are obvious to see: fragile, handle with
care, top (a arrow pointing up), keep dry and protect from shaking.
The installation or dismantling should be performed by the experts from manufacturer or
the local distributors.