PRECISION DIGITAL ProVu PD7000 User manual

PROVU™PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
PRECISION DIGITAL CORPORATION
233 South Street • Hopkinton MA 01748 USA
Tel [phone] • Fax [phone]
www.predig.com
•1/8 DIN Digital Panel Temperature Meter with NEMA 4X, IP65 Front
•J, K, T, E, R, S, B, N, C Thermocouples
•100 or 1000 Ω Platinum, 10 Ω Copper, 120 Ω Nickel RTDs
•Optional Isolated 4-20 mA Output Turns the Meter into a Temperature Transmitter
•1° or 0.1° Resolution
•Averages up to 10 RTD Sensors
•Automatic Cold Junction Compensation
•Dual-Line 6-Digit Display, 0.6" (15 mm) & 0.46" (12 mm)
•2 or 4 Relays with Interlocking Capability + Isolated 4-20 mA Output Options
•Free PC-Based, Onboard, MeterView Pro USB Programming Software
•No Assembly Required
•Optional SunBright Display Models for Outdoor Applications
•Operating Temperature Range: -20 to 65°C (-4 to 149°F)
•UL & C-UL Listed. E160849; 508 Industrial Control Equipment
•Input Power Options: 85-265 VAC / 90-265 VDC or 12-24 VDC / 12-24 VAC
•Programmable Display, Function Keys & Digital Input
•External 4-Relay & Digital I/O Expansion Modules
•RS-232 & RS-485 Serial Communication Options with Modbus RTU
•Password Protection
•Wide Assortment of NEMA 4X Enclosures for up to Ten Meters
•Light / Horn & Reset Button Accessory
•Control Station Accessory for Remote Operation of PROVU
•3-Year Warranty
MeterView Pro
USB Install

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
2
Disclaimer
The information contained in this document is
subject to change without notice. Precision Digital
makes no representations or warranties with
respect to the contents hereof and specifically
disclaims any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
See Warranty Information and Terms &
Conditions on www.predig.com for complete
details.
•Read complete instructions prior to installation
and operation of the meter.
•Risk of electric shock or personal injury.
•This product is not recommended for life support
applications or applications where malfunctioning
could result in personal injury or property loss.
Anyone using this product for such applications
does so at his/her own risk. Precision Digital
Corporation shall not be held liable for damages
resulting from such improper use.
WARNING
Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov
Limited Warranty
Precision Digital Corporation warrants this
product against defects in material or
workmanship for the specified period under
“Specifications” from the date of shipment from
the factory. Precision Digital’s liability under this
limited warranty shall not exceed the purchase
value, repair, or replacement of the defective unit.
See Warranty Information and Terms &
Conditions on www.predig.com for complete
details.
Registered Trademarks
All trademarks mentioned in this document are
the property of their respective owners.
© 2020 Precision Digital Corporation.
All rights reserved.
FREE MeterView Pro
Programming Software
The meter can be powered from the Micro USB connection.
When using the Micro USB connection, DO NOT apply AC or DC
power to the meter.
The easiest and quickest way to program your PROVU
meter is to use the FREE MeterView Pro
programming software. This software is loaded into
the meter and connects and installs directly to your
PC with a USB cable. We recommend that the first
thing you do after taking the meter out of the box is
connect the PROVUto your PC with the provided USB
cable –do not use a different cable. DO NOT apply
AC or DC power to the meter while your PC is
connected to the meter as it will disrupt the USB
connection. You don’t even have to apply an input
signal.
MeterView Pro programming software is intuitive, and
most customers can get their meter programmed as
they like without even looking in the manual.
Watch MeterView Pro Software Video at
www.predig.com/meterviewpro
In addition to programming, the software may be used
for:
•Monitoring
•Datalogging using your PC
•Generating and saving programming files for
later use
Once your meter is programmed the way you want it,
you can wire it up for your application per the
instructions in this manual and install it. If you find that
you need to make adjustments to the programming
after the meter is installed, you can use the front
panel buttons and the instructions in this manual to do
so.

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
3
Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................6
Ordering Information...........................................................................................6
Specifications.......................................................................................................7
General.............................................................................................................7
Temperature Input...........................................................................................8
Relays...............................................................................................................8
Isolated 4-20 mA Output .................................................................................9
USB Connection..............................................................................................9
On-Board Digital Input (F4).............................................................................9
Modbus®RTU Serial Communications..........................................................9
MeterView Pro..................................................................................................9
Compliance Information....................................................................................10
Safety..............................................................................................................10
Electromagnetic Compatibility.....................................................................10
Safety Information .............................................................................................10
Installation..........................................................................................................10
Unpacking......................................................................................................10
Panel Mounting Instructions ........................................................................11
Mounting Dimensions..................................................................................11
Installation Overview.....................................................................................12
MeterView Pro Software................................................................................12
MeterView Pro Installation...........................................................................12
Connections...................................................................................................13
Connectors Labeling ...................................................................................13
Power Connections.....................................................................................13
Signal Connections .....................................................................................14
Connections for Averaging RTD Sensors ...................................................14
Modbus RTU Serial Communications.........................................................14
Relay Connections......................................................................................15
Switching Inductive Loads...........................................................................15
F4 Digital Input Connections.......................................................................15
4-20 mA Output Connections......................................................................15
Analog Output Power Supply......................................................................15
External Relays & Digital I/O Connections..................................................16
Interlock Relay Feature...............................................................................16
Setup and Programming...................................................................................17
Front Panel Buttons and Status LED Indicators ........................................17
Display Functions & Messages....................................................................18
Main Menu......................................................................................................19
Setting Numeric Values ................................................................................20
Setting Up the Meter (setup)........................................................................20
Setting the Input Signal (Input)..................................................................20
Selecting the Temperature Scale (F or C).................................................20
Setting the Decimal Point (dEc pt).............................................................20
Setting the Display Parameter & Intensity (dsplay) ...................................21
Display Intensity (d-Inty)...........................................................................21
Setting the Display Units or Custom Tags (units).....................................21
Setting the Relay Operation (relay)............................................................22
Setting the Relay Action..............................................................................22
Programming Set and Reset Points............................................................23
Setting Fail-Safe Operation.........................................................................23
Programming Time Delay............................................................................23
Relay Action for Loss of Input (Input Break)................................................23
Relay and Alarm Operation Diagrams.........................................................23
HighAlarmOperation (Set > Reset)..............................................................23
Low Alarm Operation (Set < Reset)............................................................23
High Alarm with Fail-Safe Operation (Set > Reset).....................................24
Low Alarm with Fail-Safe Operation (Set < Reset) .....................................24
Relay Sampling Operation ..........................................................................24
Signal Loss or Input Break Relay Operation...............................................24

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
4
Time Delay Operation .................................................................................25
Relay Operation Details................................................................................25
Overview .....................................................................................................25
Relays Auto Initialization.............................................................................25
Fail-Safe Operation.....................................................................................25
Front Panel LEDs........................................................................................26
Latching and Non-Latching Relay Operation ..............................................26
Non-Latching Relay (Auto) .........................................................................26
Non-Latching Relay with Manual Reset (A-nman).......................................26
Latching Relay (LatcH)...............................................................................26
Latching Relay with Clear (Lt-Clr)............................................................27
Acknowledging Relays................................................................................27
Setting Up the Interlock Relay (Force On) Feature.....................................27
Scaling the 4-20 mA Analog Output (Aout).................................................28
Reset Menu (reset).......................................................................................28
Manual Control Menu (Contrl).....................................................................28
Setting Up the Password (pass)...................................................................29
Protecting or Locking the Meter ..................................................................29
Making Changes to a Password Protected Meter.......................................29
Disabling Password Protection....................................................................29
Advanced Features Menu.............................................................................30
Advanced Features Menu & Display Messages..........................................30
Offset Adjust (Adjust).................................................................................31
Recalibration of the Meter (t CAL)..............................................................31
Noise Filter (filter)...................................................................................31
Noise Filter Bypass (bypass)......................................................................32
Rounding Feature (round)..........................................................................32
Modbus RTU Serial Communications (serial)..........................................32
Select Menu (SElect).................................................................................32
Analog Output Programming (AoutPr) .......................................................32
Programmable Function Keys User Menu (user).......................................33
Internal Temperature Calibration (ICAL).....................................................34
Meter Operation .................................................................................................35
Front Panel Buttons Operation....................................................................35
Function Keys Operation..............................................................................35
F4 Operation ..................................................................................................35
Maximum/Minimum Readings......................................................................35
Troubleshooting.................................................................................................36
Diagnostics Menu (diag) ..............................................................................36
Determining Software Version.....................................................................36
Reset Meter to Factory Defaults...................................................................36
Factory Defaults & User Settings................................................................37
Troubleshooting Tips....................................................................................38
EU Declaration of Conformity...........................................................................39

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
5
Table of Figures
Figure 1: 1/8 DIN Panel Cutout and Mounting.................................................11
Figure 2. Meter Dimensions - Side View..........................................................11
Figure 3. Meter Dimensions - Top View...........................................................11
Figure 4. PD7000-##0 Connectors Label .........................................................13
Figure 5. PD7000-##2 Connectors Label .........................................................13
Figure 6. PD7000-##3 Connectors Label .........................................................13
Figure 7. PD7000-##4 Connectors Label .........................................................13
Figure 8. PD7000-##5 Connectors Label .........................................................13
Figure 9. PD7000-##7 Connectors Label .........................................................13
Figure 10. Power Connections .........................................................................13
Figure 11. Thermocouple Input Connections..................................................14
Figure 12. Three-Wire RTD Input Connections...............................................14
Figure 13. Two-Wire RTD Input Connections..................................................14
Figure 14. Four-Wire RTD Input Connections.................................................14
Figure 15. Average Temperature RTD Input Connections.............................14
Figure 16. Relay Connections...........................................................................15
Figure 17. AC and DC Loads Protection..........................................................15
Figure 18. Low Voltage DC Loads Protection.................................................15
Figure 19. F4 Digital Input Connections..........................................................15
Figure 20. 4-20 mA Output Connections .........................................................15
Figure 21. Analog Output Supply Powering Other Devices...........................15
Figure 22. Expansion Module & DIN Rail Mounting Kit..................................16
Figure 23. External Relays Module Connections............................................16
Figure 24. Digital I/O Module Connections......................................................16
Figure 25. Interlock Connections.....................................................................16

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
6
Introduction
The PROVUPD7000 temperature meter accepts a
direct temperature input from a wide range of
temperature measurement devices (type J, K, T, E, R,
S, B, N, and C thermocouples and 100 or 1000 Ω
platinum, 10 Ω copper, 120 Ω nickel RTDs). It
displays the measured temperature in either degrees
Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius on a dual-line, 6-digit
display. The display features superluminous LED
digits that make it easily readable in smoke, dust, fog,
and, with the optional SunBright display, even direct
sunlight.
The PD7000 can be equipped with an optional 4-20
mA output that turns a temperature meter into an
isolated temperature transmitter with a big, bright
display!
The PD7000 includes automatic cold junction
compensation for thermocouples and the ability to
average up to ten (10) RTD sensors.
A fully loaded PD7000 meter has the following: four
SPDT relays, 4-20 mA output, and one 24 VDC power
supply to power the 4-20 mA output. The PD7000
capabilities may be enhanced by adding the following
external expansion modules: four SPST relays
(creating an eight-relay temperature meter), two
digital I/O modules with four inputs and four outputs
each, and USB, RS-232 or RS-485 communication
adapters. A digital input is standard.
The eight relays can be used for alarm indication or
on/off temperature control applications. The 4-20 mA
isolated output, Modbus RTU serial communications,
and digital I/O options make the PD7000 an excellent
addition to any system.
Ordering Information
Standard Models
85-265 VAC
Model
12-24 VDC
Model
Options Installed
PD7000-6R0
PD7000-7R0
No options
PD7000-6R2
PD7000-7R2
2 relays
PD7000-6R3
PD7000-7R3
4-20 mA output
PD7000-6R4
PD7000-7R4
4 relays
PD7000-6R5
PD7000-7R5
2 relays & 4-20 mA output
PD7000-6R7
PD7000-7R7
4 relays & 4-20 mA output
SunBright Display Models
85-265 VAC
Model
12-24 VDC
Model
Options Installed
PD7000-6H0
PD7000-7H0
No options
PD7000-6H2
PD7000-7H2
2 relays
PD7000-6H3
PD7000-7H3
4-20 mA output
PD7000-6H4
PD7000-7H4
4 relays
PD7000-6H5
PD7000-7H5
2 relays & 4-20 mA output
PD7000-6H7
PD7000-7H7
4 relays & 4-20 mA output
Accessories
Model
Description
PDA1002
DIN rail mounting kit for two devices
PDA1004
4 SPST (Form A) relays module
PDA1044
4 digital inputs & 4 digital outputs module
PDA1232
RS-232 serial adapter
PDA1485
RS-485 serial adapter
PDA7485-I
RS-232 to RS-485 isolated converter
PDA8008
USB Adapter
PDA8232-N
USB to RS-232 non-isolated converter
PDA8485-I
USB to RS-485 isolated converter
PDA-LH
Light / horn accessory
MOD-LH
Light / horn / enclosure modification
PDA2360
Plastic control stations series
PD659
Signal isolators, splitters, & conditioners
PD9501
Multi-function calibrator
PDX6901
Snubber: 0.01 μF/470 Ω, 250 VAC
Enclosures
Series
Meters
Material
PDA2300
1-10
Plastic NEMA 4X
PDA2500
1-6
Plastic NEMA 4X
PDA2600
1-6
Stainless Steel NEMA 4X
PDA2700
1-6
Painted Steel NEMA 4
PDA2800
1-2
Plastic NEMA 4X
PDA3400
1-3
Plastic NEMA 4X
Need help selecting the right enclosure?
Go to www.predig.com/esu
Replacement Option Cards
Model
Options Installed
PD1102
2 relays
PD1103
4-20 mA output
PD1104
4 relays
PD1105
2 relays & 4-20 mAoutput
PD1107
4 relays &4-20 mA output

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
7
Specifications
Except where noted all specifications apply to
operation at +25°C.
General
Display
Line 1: 0.60" (15 mm) high red LEDs;
Line 2: 0.46" (12 mm) high red LEDs.
Both displays have six characters with
leading zero blanking.
Temperature displayed on line 1 with four
or five-digits and F/C indication, based on
configuration. Example 2347.2F with 0.1°
resolution and 2347°Fwith 1°resolution.
Resolution
1or 0.1for all thermocouple and RTD
inputs
Display
Intensity
Eight user selectable intensity levels
Display
Update Rate
5/second (200 ms)
Overrange
Display flashes 99999
Underrange
Display flashes -9999
Programming
Methods
Four front panel buttons, digital inputs, PC
and MeterView Pro software, or Modbus
registers.
Noise Filter
Programmable from 2 to 199
(0 will disable filter)
Filter Bypass
Programmable from 0.1 to 99.9% of
calibrated span
Recalibration
All ranges are calibrated at the factory.
Recalibration is recommended at least
every 12 months.
Max/Min
Display
Max/min readings reached by the process
are stored until reset by the user or until
power to the meter is cycled.
Rounding
Select 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100
(e.g. rounding = 10, value = 123.45,
display = 123.50).
Password
Three programmable passwords restrict
modification of programmed settings.
Pass 1: Allows use of function keys and
digital inputs
Pass 2: Allows use of function keys, digital
inputs and editing set/reset points
Pass 3: Restricts all programming, function
keys, and digital inputs.
Non-Volatile
Memory
All programmed settings are stored in non-
volatile memory for a minimum of ten years
if power is lost.
Power
Options
85-265VAC50/60Hz;90-265VDC,20Wmax;
12-24 VDC, 12-24 VAC, 15 W max.
Powered over USB for configuration only.
Fuse
Required external fuse: UL Recognized,
5 A max, slow blow; up to 6 meters may
share one 5 A fuse
Normal Mode
Rejection
Greater than 60 dB at 50/60 Hz
Isolation
4 kV input/output-to-power line
500 V input-to-output
Overvoltage
Category
Installation Overvoltage Category II:
Local level with smaller transient
overvoltages than Installation Overvoltage
Category III.
Environmental
Operating temperature range:
-20 to 65°C (-4 to 149°F)
Storage temperature range:
-40 to 85°C (-40 to 185°F)
Relative humidity:
0 to 90% non-condensing
Connections
Removable screw terminal blocks accept
12 to 22 AWG wire, RJ45 for external
relays, digital I/O, and serial communication
adapters.
Enclosure
1/8 DIN, high impact plastic, UL 94V-0,
color: black
Front Panel
NEMA 4X, IP65
Mounting
1/8 DIN panel cutout required:
3.622" x 1.772" (92 mm x 45 mm)
Two panel mounting bracket assemblies
are provided.
Tightening
Torque
Screw terminal connectors: 5 lb-in
(0.56 Nm)
Overall
Dimensions
4.68" x 2.45" x 5.64"
(119 mm x 62 mm x 143 mm)
(W x H x D)
Weight
9.5 oz (269 g)
Warranty
3 years parts & labor. See Warranty
Information and Terms & Conditions on
www.predig.com for complete details.

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
8
Temperature Input
Inputs
Thermocouple: J, K, T, E, R, S, B, N, C
RTD: 100 Ω platinum (0.00385 & 0.00392
coefficients), 10 Ω copper, 120 Ω nickel,
1000 Ω platinum (0.00385 & 0.00392
coefficients)
Cold
Junction
Reference
Automatic, fixed, no user calibration
needed
Temperature
Drift
2C maximum from 0 to 65C ambient
temperature
4C maximum from -20 to 0C ambient
temperature
Offset
Adjustment
User programmable offset adjust
±50.0 degrees. This parameter allows the
user to apply an offset value to the
temperature being displayed.
Input
Impedance
Greater than 100 k
Sensor Break
Detection
Open TC or RTD sensor indicated by
display flashing oPEn, relays can be
programmed to go “On”, “Off”, or to “Ignore”
(Note: Ignore is detected as an upscale
condition).
Analog output goes to the programmed
sensor break value.
RTD
Averaging
Up to 10 RTDs connected in parallel can be
averaged.
Accuracy & Ranges
Type
Range (°F)
Accuracy
Range (°C)
Accuracy
J
-200 to 2000
±1.8°F
-129 to 1093
±1°C
K
-200 to 2400
±1.8°F
-129 to 1316
±1°C
T
-200 to 752
±1.8°F
-129 to 400
±1°C
E
-200 to 1800
±1.8°F
-129 to 982
±1°C
R
-50 to 3000
±3.6°F
-46 to 1649
±2°C
S
-50 to 3000
±3.6°F
-46 to 1649
±2°C
B
752 to 3300
±3.6°F
400 to 1816
±2°C
N
-100 to 2300
±3.6°F
-73 to 1260
±2°C
C
32 to 4100
±3.6°F
0 to 2260
±2°C
10
-328 to 500
±0.2°F
-200 to 260
±0.1°C
100
-328 to 1562
±0.7°F
-200 to 850
±0.4°C
120
-110 to 500
±0.2°F
-79 to 260
±0.1°C
1000
-328 to 900
±0.7°F
-200 to 482
±0.4°C
All ranges capable of 1° or 0.1° resolution.
Relays
Rating
2 or 4 SPDT (Form C) internal and/or
4 SPST (Form A) external; rated 3 A
@ 30 VDC and 125/250 VAC resistive load;
1/14 HP (≈50 W) @ 125/250 VAC for
inductive loads
Noise
Suppression
Noise suppression is recommended for
each relay contact switching inductive
loads. See Switching Inductive Loads on
page 15 for details.
Deadband
0-100% of span, user programmable
High or Low
Alarm
User may program any alarm for high or
low trip point.
Unused alarm LEDs and relays may be
disabled (turn off).
Relay
Operation
•Automatic (non-latching) and/or
manual reset
•Latching (requires manual
acknowledge) with or without clear
•Pump alternation control (2-8 relays)
•Sampling (based on set point and
time)
•Off (disable unused relays and enable
Interlock feature)
•Manual on/off control mode
Relay Reset
User selectable via front panel button, F4
terminal at back of meter, external contact
closure on digital inputs, or through serial
communications.
Time Delay
0 to 999.9 seconds, on & off relay time
delays. Programmable and independent for
each relay
Fail-Safe
Operation
Programmable and independent for each
relay.
Note: Relay coil is energized in non-alarm
condition. In case of power failure, relay will
go to alarm state.
Auto
Initialization
When power is applied to the meter, relays
will reflect the state of the input to the
meter.
Additional
Relays
An external module, model PDA1004, is
available to add 4 SPST 3 A relays to the
meter.

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
9
Isolated 4-20 mA Output
Output
Source
PV (temperature), max, min, set points 1-8,
Modbus PV input, or manual control mode
Scaling
Range
1.000 to 23.000 mA for any display range
Calibration
Factory calibrated:
0.0 to 2000.0 = 4-20 mA output
Analog Out
Programming
23.000 mA maximum for all parameters:
Overrange, underrange, max, min, and
break
Accuracy
± 0.1% of span ± 0.004 mA
Temperature
Drift
0.4 µA/C max from 0 to 65C ambient,
0.8 µA/C max from -20 to 0C ambient
Note: Analog output drift is separate from
input drift.
Power Supply
for Analog
Output Loop
Or Other
Uses
Terminals I+ & R: 24 VDC 10%. May be
used to power the 4-20 mA output or other
devices.
All models rated @ 40 mA max.
External Loop
Power Supply
35 VDC maximum
Output Loop
Resistance
Power supply
Minimum
Maximum
24 VDC
10 
700 
35 VDC (external)
100 
1200 
Additional
4-20 mA
Outputs
The PD659-1MA-2MA can split the optional
4-20 mA output into two isolated 4-20 mA
outputs
0-10 VDC
Output
The PD659-1MA-1V can convert the
optional 4-20 mA output to a 0-10 VDC
output
USB Connection
Function
Programming only
Compatibility
USB 2.0 Standard, Compliant
Connector
Type
Micro-B receptacle
Cable
USB A Male to Micro-B Cable
Driver
Microsoft®Windows®XP/Vista/7/8/10
Power
USB port provides power to the meter.
DO NOT apply AC or DC power to the
meter while the USB port is in use.
On-Board Digital Input (F4)
Function
Remote operation of front-panel buttons,
acknowledge/reset relays, reset max/min
values. See Function Keys & Digital I/O
Available Settings on page 33 for a
complete list of capabilities.
Contacts
3.3 VDC on contact. Connect normally
open contacts across F4 to COM
Logic Levels
Logic High: 3 to 5 VDC
Logic Low: 0 to 1.25 VDC
Additional I/O
Up to 2 external modules, model PDA1044
with 4 digital inputs and 4 digital outputs
each can be added.
Modbus®RTU Serial
Communications
Slave Id
1 –247 (Meter address)
Baud Rate
300 –19,200 bps
Transmit
Time Delay
Programmable between 0 and 199 ms
Data
8 bit (1 start bit, 1 or 2 stop bits)
Parity
Even, Odd, or None with 1 or 2 stop bits
Byte-To-Byte
Timeout
0.01 to 2.54 sec
Turn Around
Delay
Less than 2 ms (fixed)
Note: Refer to the PROVUModbus Register Tables located
at www.predig.com for details.
MeterView Pro
Availability
Download directly from meter or from
www.predig.com/download_software
System
Requirements
Microsoft®Windows®XP/Vista/7/8/10
Communications
USB 2.0 (for programming only)
(Standard USB A to Micro USB B)
RS-232 adapter, RS-485 adapter and
RS-485 to USB converter
(programming, monitoring, and data
logging)
Configuration
Configure meters one at a time
Power
USB port provides power to the meter.
DO NOT apply AC or DC power to the
meter while the USB port is in use.

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
10
Compliance Information
Safety
UL & c-UL Listed
USA & Canada
UL 508 Industrial Control Equipment
UL File Number
E160849
Front Panel
UL Type 4X, NEMA 4X, IP65; panel
gasket provided
Low Voltage
Directive
EN 61010-1:2010
Safety requirements for measurement,
control, and laboratory use
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Emissions
EN 55022:2010
Class A ITE emissions requirements
Radiated
Emissions
Class A
AC Mains
Conducted
Emissions
Class A
Immunity
EN 61326-1:2013
Measurement, control, and laboratory
equipment
EN 61000-6-2:2005
EMC heavy industrial generic immunity
standard
RFI - Amplitude
Modulated
80 -1000 MHz 10 V/m 80% AM (1 kHz)
1.4 - 2.0 GHz 3 V/m 80% AM (1 kHz)
2.0 - 2.7 GHz 1 V/m 80% AM (1 kHz)
Electrical Fast
Transients
±2kV AC mains, ±1kV other
Electrostatic
Discharge
±4kV contact, ±8kV air
RFI -
Conducted
10V, 0.15-80 MHz, 1kHz 80% AM
AC Surge
±2kV Common, ±1kV Differential
Surge
1KV (CM)
Power-
Frequency
Magnetic Field
30 A/m 70%V for 0.5 period
Voltage Dips
40%V for 5 & 50 periods
70%V for 25 periods
Voltage
Interruptions
<5%V for 250 periods
Note:
Testing was conducted on meters installed
through the covers of grounded metal enclosures
with cable shields grounded at the point of entry
representing installations designed to optimize
EMC performance.
Safety Information
•Read complete instructions prior to installation
and operation of the meter.
•Risk of electric shock or personal injury.
•Hazardous voltages exist within enclosure.
Installation and service should be performed only
by trained service personnel.
Installation
There is no need to remove the meter from its
case to complete the installation, wiring, and
setup.
Unpacking
Remove the meter from box. Inspect the
packaging and contents for damage. Report
damages, if any, to the carrier. If any part is
missing or the meter malfunctions, please contact
your supplier or the factory for assistance.

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
11
Panel Mounting Instructions
•Prepare a standard 1/8 DIN panel cutout –
3.622" x 1.772" (92 mm x 45 mm). Refer to
Figure 1: 1/8 DIN Panel Cutout and Mounting
below for more details.
•Clearance: allow at least 6.0" (152 mm) behind
the panel for wiring.
•Panel thickness: 0.04" - 0.25" (1.0 mm - 6.4 mm).
Recommended minimum panel thickness to
maintain Type 4X rating: 0.06" (1.5 mm) steel
panel, 0.16" (4.1 mm) plastic panel.
•Remove the two mounting brackets provided with
the meter (back-off the two screws so that there is
¼" (6.4 mm) or less through the bracket. Slide the
bracket toward the front of the case and remove).
•Insert meter into the panel cutout.
•Install mounting brackets and tighten the screws
against the panel. To achieve a proper seal,
tighten the mounting bracket screws evenly until
meter is snug to the panel along its short side.
DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN, as the rear of the
panel may be damaged.
DO NOT apply AC or DC power to the meter when using the
Micro USB connection.
Figure 1: 1/8 DIN Panel Cutout and Mounting
Mounting Dimensions
Figure 2. Meter Dimensions - Side View
Figure 3. Meter Dimensions - Top View
NO NC NC C NO C
NO NC NC C NO C+ -R
3.622" (92 mm)
1.772"
(45mm)
Panel Cutout
to DIN 43700
Square Corners to 0.060"
(1.5mm) Max Radius
A
B
Tolerances:
A: +0.032 (+0.8mm)
-0.000 (-0.0mm)
B: +0.024 (+0.6mm)
-0.000 (-0.0mm)

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
12
Installation Overview
We recommend the following sequence for getting the
meter into service:
1. DO NOT apply AC or DC power to the meter.
2. Connect the meter to the PC with the USB cable
provided. DO NOT use a different USB cable.
3. If MeterView Pro (MVPro) is already installed in
your computer, then the program will launch
automatically in most systems. If the program
does not start automatically, double-click on the
MVPro icon.
4. If MVPro is not installed, follow the instructions
provided below.
5. Use MVPro to configure the meter for your
application.
6. Disconnect the USB cable from the meter.
7. Apply power and signal and check operation of
the meter.
8. Install the meter and put into service.
9. Make any programming adjustments using the
front panel buttons.
MeterView Pro Software
The easiest and quickest way to program your PROVU
meter is to use the FREE MeterView Pro
programming software. This software is loaded into
the meter and connects and installs directly to your
PC with the USB cable provided. DO NOT use a
different USB cable. We recommend that the first
thing you do after taking the meter out of the box is
connect the PROVUto your PC with the provided USB
cable. DO NOT apply AC or DC power to the meter
while your PC is connected to the meter as it will
disrupt the USB connection. It is not necessary to
apply an input signal.
MeterView Pro programming software is intuitive, and
most customers can get their meter programmed as
they like without even looking in the manual.
Watch Meterview Pro Software Video at
www.predig.com/meterviewpro
MeterView Pro Installation
1. Connect one end of the provided USB cable
to the meter and the other end to the
computer. The computer will automatically
install the driver software it needs to talk to
the meter. Follow the on-screen instructions
and allow sufficient time for the process to
complete. This can take a few minutes. If the
process is interrupted, then it could leave the
system in an unstable condition.
•Only one meter may be connected at a time.
Attaching multiple meters will cause a conflict
with the meter software.
•DO NOT apply AC or DC power to the meter
when using the Micro USB connection.
2. Once the driver is installed, an AutoPlay
dialog should appear for the drive
“MAINSTAL.” Click “Open folder to view
files.”
If the computer does not display an AutoPlay
dialog for the drive “MAINSTAL,” you should
open My Computer and double-click on the
drive labeled “MAINSTAL.”
3. Double-click on the file named “MAStart.”
The program will open a few windows and
install two programs on your computer.
Simply follow the on-screen instructions until
you see one of the dialogs below. If you
receive a “User Account Control” warning,
click “Yes.”
4. If there is an update available, click the
“Update” button to install the new version.
Otherwise, click “Configure” to begin
programming your meter.
Note: If you decide to update your MeterView Pro
software, once the installation has completed, you
will be asked if you want to update the setup files
located on the meter itself. This way, you will
always have the most current version on the meter
for future installs.
•DO NOT unplug the meter while the new
installation files are being written to it. The meter
will display uwrite during the process and you
will receive an on-screen notification once the
process is complete.

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
13
Connections
All connections are made to removable screw
terminal connectors located at the rear of the
meter.
•Use copper wire with 60°C or 60/75°C insulation
for all line voltage connections. Observe all safety
regulations. Electrical wiring should be performed
in accordance with all applicable national, state,
and local codes to prevent damage to the meter
and ensure personnel safety.
Connectors Labeling
The connectors’ label, affixed to the meter, shows the
location of all connectors available with requested
configuration.
Note: ## on the following figures refers to power and
display options. (Example: PD7000-6H5)
Figure 4. PD7000-##0 Connectors Label
Figure 5. PD7000-##2 Connectors Label
Figure 6. PD7000-##3 Connectors Label
Figure 7. PD7000-##4 Connectors Label
Figure 8. PD7000-##5 Connectors Label
Figure 9. PD7000-##7 Connectors Label
•DO NOT connect any equipment other than
Precision Digital’s expansion modules, cables, or
meters to the RJ45 M LINK connector. Otherwise
damage will occur to the equipment and the
meter.
Power Connections
Power connections are made to a two-terminal
connector labeled POWER. The meter will operate
regardless of DC polarity connection. The + and -
symbols are only a suggested wiring convention.
Figure 10. Power Connections
POWER
+-
M-LINK
123 4 5 6 7 8
21
TYPE RANGE
RTDTC 100 10
SIGNAL
EXC T+ COM
123
TC
RTD
COM
12
F4
POWER
+-
M-LINK
CNONO NC NC C
RELAY2 RELAY1
4365 21
123 4 5 6 7 8
21
TYPE RANGE
RTDTC 100 10
SIGNAL
EXC T+ COM
123
TC
RTD
COM
12
F4
R I- I+
MA OUT
1
32
POWER
+-
M-LINK
123 4 5 6 7 8
21
24 V
TYPE RANGE
RTDTC 100 10
SIGNAL
EXC T+ COM
123
TC
RTD
COM
12
F4
POWER
+-
M-LINK
CNONO NC NC C
RELAY4 RELAY3
4365 2 1
CNONO NC NC C
RELAY2 RELAY1
4365 21
123 4 5 6 7 8
21
TYPE RANGE
RTDTC 100 10
SIGNAL
EXC T+ COM
123
TC
RTD
COM
12
F4
R
I- I+
MA OUT
1
32
POWER
+-
M-LINK
CNONO NC NC C
RELAY2 RELAY1
4365 21
123 4 5 6 7 8
21
24 V
TYPE RANGE
RTDTC 100 10
SIGNAL
EXC T+ COM
123
TC
RTD
COM
12
F4
R
I- I+
MA OUT
1
32
POWER
+-
M-LINK
CNONO NC NC C
RELAY4 RELAY3
4365 2 1
CNONO NC NC C
RELAY2 RELAY1
4365 21
123 4 5 6 7 8
21
24 V
TYPE RANGE
RTDTC 100 10
SIGNAL
EXC T+ COM
123
TC
RTD
COM
12
F4
AC or DC
POWER
Required External Fuse:
5 A max, 250 V Slow Blow
POWER
+-

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
14
Signal Connections
Signal connections are made to a three-terminal
connector labeled SIGNAL.
Thermocouple and RTD
Connections
The following figures show examples for
thermocouple and RTD connections.
The TYPE selector switch must be set to the proper
position for the meter to accept the selected RTD or
TC input.
The RANGE selector switch is used to select 100-
ohm platinum or 10-ohm copper RTD. The 1000-ohm
platinum RTD input uses the same setting as the 100-
ohm RTD.
The input type is selected using the Setup menu.
The selected thermocouple input must correspond to
the thermocouple sensor and wire type used.
The meter accepts two, three, or four-wire RTDs. The
three-wire RTD connection has built-in lead wire
compensation.
Lead wire compensation for two-wire RTDs can be
applied using the Adjust menu. See the Advanced
Features Menu on page 30.
The four-wire RTD connection is similar to the three-
wire. One of the leads of a four-wire RTD is not
connected, and may be clipped off.
The three-wire connection provides sufficient lead
wire compensation to obtain accurate readings even
with long leads.
Figure 11. Thermocouple Input Connections
Figure 12. Three-Wire RTD Input Connections
Figure 13. Two-Wire RTD Input Connections
Figure 14. Four-Wire RTD Input Connections
Connections for Averaging RTD
Sensors
To obtain the average temperature from 2 to 10 RTD
sensors, connect all the sensors in parallel and select
the number of sensors in the RTD Total (rtdtot)
menu. See the Advanced Features Menu on page 30.
Figure 15. Average Temperature RTD Input
Connections
Modbus RTU Serial
Communications
Serial communications connection is made to an
RJ45 connector labeled M-LINK. For interfacing to the
PROVU, use the PDA1232 for RS-232 or the PDA1485
for RS-485. The same port is used for interfacing with
all expansion modules (i.e. external relays, digital
I/O).
SIGNAL
EXC T+ COM
1 2 3 RTD
TYPE
TC 100
RANGE
10
M-LINK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-
+
TC
RTD
Sensor
SIGNAL
EXC T+ COM
1 2 3 RTD
TYPE
TC 100
RANGE
10
M-LINK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
RTD
Sensor
SIGNAL
EXC T+ COM
1 2 3 RTD
TYPE
TC 100
RANGE
10
M-LINK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
RTD
Sensor
SIGNAL
EXC T+ COM
1 2 3 RTD
TYPE
TC 100
RANGE
10
M-LINK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
NC
RTD1
SIGNAL
EXC T+ COM
1 2 3 RTD
TYPE
TC 100
RANGE
10
M-LINK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
RTD2 RTD3

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
15
Relay Connections
Relay connections are made to two six-terminal
connectors labeled RELAY1 –RELAY4. Each relay’s
C terminal is common only to the normally open (NO)
and normally closed (NC) contacts of the
corresponding relay. The relays’ C terminals should
not be confused with the COM (common) terminal of
the INPUT SIGNAL connector.
Figure 16. Relay Connections
Switching Inductive Loads
The use of snubbers to suppress electrical noise is
strongly recommended when switching inductive
loads to prevent disrupting the microprocessor’s
operation. The snubbers also prolong the life of the
relay contacts. Suppression can be obtained with
resistor-capacitor (RC) networks assembled by the
user or purchased as complete assemblies. Refer to
the following circuits for RC network assembly and
installation:
Figure 17. AC and DC Loads Protection
Choose R and C as follows:
R: 0.5 to 1 Ωfor each volt across the contacts
C: 0.5 to 1 µF for each amp through closed contacts
Notes:
1. Use capacitors rated for 250 VAC.
2. RC networks may affect load release time of
solenoid loads. Check to confirm proper
operation.
3. Install the RC network at the meter's relay screw
terminals. An RC network may also be installed
across the load. Experiment for best results.
Use a diode with a reverse breakdown voltage two to three
times the circuit voltage and forward current at least as large
as the load current.
Figure 18. Low Voltage DC Loads Protection
RC Networks (Snubbers) Available
from Precision Digital
RC networks are available from Precision Digital and
should be applied to each relay contact switching an
inductive load. Part number: PDX6901.
Note: Relays are de-rated to 1/14th HP (50 watts)
with an inductive load.
F4 Digital Input Connections
A digital input, F4, is standard on the meter. This
digital input should be connected with a normally
open closure across F4 and COM, or with an active
low signal applied to F4. It can be used for remote
operation of front-panel buttons, to acknowledge/reset
relays, or to reset max/min values. See Function Keys
& Digital I/O Available Settings on page 33 for a
complete list of capabilities.
Figure 19. F4 Digital Input Connections 4-20
mA Output Connections
Connections for the 4-20 mA output are made to the
connector terminals labeled mA OUT. The 4-20 mA
output may be powered internally or from an external
power supply.
Figure 20. 4-20 mA Output Connections
Analog Output Power Supply
The internal 24 VDC power supply powering the
analog output may be used to power other devices, if
the analog output is not used. The I+ terminal is the
+24 V and the R terminal is the return.
Figure 21. Analog Output Supply Powering Other
Devices
CNONO NC NC C
RELAY4 RELAY3
4 36 5 2 1
CNONO NC NC C
RELAY2 RELAY1
4 36 5 2 1
C
R
C
R
EXC T+ COM
123
COM
12
F4
4-20 mA Input
Remote Display, PLC,
Chart Recorder, Etc.
-
+
RI- I+ 132
RELAY1 mA OUT
24 V
12-35 VDC
Power
Supply
+
4-20 mA
Input Meter
-+
RI- I+ 132
RELAY1
321
-
24 V
mA OUT
Internal Power Supply
and Analog Output
321
Active Output Loop Passive Output Loop
RI- I+
132
24 VDC
Powered
Device
24 V
+-

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
16
External Relays & Digital I/O
Connections
The relay and the digital I/O expansion modules
PDA1004 & PDA1044 are connected to the meter
using a CAT5 cable provided with each module. The
two RJ45 connectors on the expansion modules are
identical and interchangeable; they are used to
connect additional modules to the system.
Note: The jumper located between the RJ45
connectors of the PDA1044 must be removed
on the second digital I/O module in order for the
system to recognize it as module #2.
•DO NOT connect or disconnect the expansion
modules with the power on! More detailed
instructions are provided with each optional
expansion module.
Figure 22. Expansion Module & DIN Rail Mounting
Kit
Figure 23. External Relays Module Connections
Figure 24. Digital I/O Module Connections
Interlock Relay Feature
As the name implies, the interlock relay feature
reassigns one, or more, alarm/control relays for use
as interlock relay(s). Interlock contact(s) are wired to
digital input(s) and activate the interlock relay. This
feature is enabled by configuring the relay, and the
corresponding digital input(s), see Setting Up the
Interlock Relay (Force On) Feature on page 27.
In the example below, an Interlock Contact switch is
connected to a digital input, which will be used to
force on (energize) the Interlock Relay. The Interlock
Relay and the Control Relay are connected in series
with the load.
•When the Interlock Contact is closed (safe), the
Interlock Relay energizes, allowing power to flow
to the Control Relay; the corresponding front
panel LED is on.
•When the Interlock Contact is open, the
corresponding front panel LED flashes (locked
out), the Interlock Relay is de-energized,
preventing power from flowing to the Control
Relay and the load.
Figure 25. Interlock Connections
1 2
RLY5 RLY6 RLY7 RLY8
3 4 5 6 7 8
NO CNO CNO CNO C
1 2 3 4 5 6
+5 I1 I2 I3 I4 O1
7 8
O2 O3
910
O4 G
DI 1-4 DO 1-4
5 VDC GND

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
17
Setup and Programming
There is no need to recalibrate the meter
when first received from the factory. Simply
select the input type, ºF or ºC, and decimal
point.
The meter is factory calibrated prior to
shipment to read temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit with calibration equipment that is
certified to NIST standards.
Overview
There are two switches, located at the back of the
meter, to set the input selection for TC or RTD and for
100-ohm platinum or 10-ohm copper. The 1000-ohm
RTD input uses the same setting as the 100-ohm.
Setup and programming is done using MeterView Pro
or through the front panel buttons.
After power and input signal connections have been
completed and verified, apply power to the meter.
Front Panel Buttons and Status
LED Indicators
Button
Symbol
Description
LED
Status
Menu
1-8
Alarm 1-8
indicator
Right
arrow/F1
1-8
M
Flashing:
Relay in
manual
control mode
Up arrow/F2
M
Manual
control
relays &/or
analog
output
Enter/F3
1-8
Flashing:
Relay
interlock
switch open
Note:
F4 is a digital input. Alarms
5-8 are enabled when relay
expansion module is
installed.
Note:
LEDs for relays in
manual mode flash
with the “M” LED every
10 seconds. “M”
flashing by itself
indicates Aout –
manual control is used.
•Press the Menu button to enter or exit the
Programming Mode at any time.
•Press the Right arrow button to move to the next
digit during digit or decimal point programming.
•Press or hold the Up arrow button to scroll
through the menus,
move the decimal point or to increment the value
of a digit.
•Press the Enter button to access a menu or to
accept a setting.
•Press and hold the Menu button for three
seconds to access the advanced features of the
meter.

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
18
Display Functions & Messages
The meter displays various functions and messages
during setup, programming, and operation. The
following table shows the main menu functions and
messages in the order they appear in the menu.
Display Functions & Messages
Display
Parameter
Action/Setting
Description
setup
Setup
Enter Setup menu
Input
Input
Enter Input selection menu
tc
TC
Set meter for thermocouple
input
J, K, T, E, R, S, B, N, C
Rtd
RTD
Set meter for RTD input
100Pt, 1000Pt, 10Cu,
120Ni
A385
A385
Set meter for 0.00385
curve
A392
A392
Set meter for 0.00392
curve
F or C
F or C
Press Enter to select
degrees F or C
unitS
Units
Select the display
units/tags
Dec pt
Decimal
point
Set decimal point
dddd, dddd.d, dddd°F,
dddd.dF
dsplay
Display
Enter the Display menu
Line 1
Line 1
Press Enter to assign the
upper display parameter
(default: PV - temperature)
Line 2
Line 2
Press Enter to assign the
lower display parameter
(default: engineering units)
d-Inty
Display
intensity
Set display intensity level
from 1 to 8
RELaY
Relay
Enter the Relay menu
RLY 1
Relay 1
Relay 1 setup
Act 1
Action 1
Set relay 1 action
Auto
Automatic
Set relay for automatic
reset
A-nman
Auto-
manual
Set relay for automatic &
manual reset
any time
LatcH
Latching
Set relay for latching
operation
Lt-CLr
Latching-
cleared
Set relay for latching
operation with manual reset
only after alarm condition
has cleared
Altern
Alternate
Set relay for alternation
control
Sanmpl
Sampling
Set relay for sampling
operation
Display Functions & Messages
Display
Parameter
Action/Setting
Description
OFF
Off
Disable relay and front
panel status LED (Select
Off to enable Interlock
feature)
Set 1
Set 1
Program set point 1
RSt 1
Reset 1
Program reset point 1
RLY 2
Relay 2
Relays 2-8 setup
Note: Relays 5-8 are
shown only if
expansion relay module is
installed
FaiLSF
Fail-safe
Enter Fail-safe menu
FLS 1
Fail-safe 1
Set relay 1 fail-safe
operation
on
On
Enable fail-safe operation
off
Off
Disable fail-safe operation
FLS 2
Fail-safe 2
Set relays 2-8 fail-safe
operation
DeLAY
Delay
Enter relay Time Delay
menu
DLY 1
Delay 1
Enter relay 1 time delay
setup
On 1
On 1
Set relay 1 On time delay
OFF 1
Off 1
Set relay 1 Off time delay
DLY 2
Delay 2
Enter relays 2-8 time delay
setup
break
Break
Set relay condition if input
break detected
ignore
Ignore
Ignore input break
condition
(Processed as an upscale
condition)
On
On
Relay goes to alarm
condition when input break
is detected
Off
Off
Relay goes to non-alarm
condition when input break
is detected
Aout
Analog
output
Enter the Analog output
scaling menu
Dis 1
Display 1
Program display 1 value
Out 1
Output 1
Program output 1 value
(e.g. 4.000 mA)
Dis 2
Display 2
Program display 2 value
Out 2
Output 2
Program output 2 value
(e.g. 20.000 mA)
reset
Reset
Press Enter to access the
Reset menu
Rst Hi
Reset high
Press Enter to reset max
display
Rst Lo
Reset low
Press Enter to reset min
display

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
19
Display Functions & Messages
Display
Parameter
Action/Setting
Description
Rst HL
Reset
hi/low
Press Enter to reset max &
min displays
Contrl
Control
Enter Control menu
Auto
Automatic
Press Enter to set meter
for auto operation
nmAn
Manual
Press Enter to manually
control relays or analog
output operation
pass
Password
Enter the Password menu
Pass 1
Password
1
Set or enter Password 1
Pass 2
Password
2
Set or enter Password 2
Pass 3
Password
3
Set or enter Password 3
unloc
Unlocked
Program password to lock
meter
locd
Locked
Enter password to unlock
meter
99999
-9999
Flashing
display
Overrange condition
Underrange condition
Open
Open
Open sensor indication
Main Menu
The main menu consists of the most commonly used
functions: Setup, Reset, Control, and Password.
•Press Menu button to enter Programming Mode
then press the Up arrow button to scroll main
menu.
•Press Menu, at any time, to exit and return to
Run Mode. Changes made to settings prior to
pressing Enter are not saved.
•Changes to the settings are saved to memory
only after pressing Enter/F3.
•The display moves to the next menu every time a
setting is accepted by pressing Enter/F3.

PROVU™ PD7000 Temperature Meter
Instruction Manual
20
Setting Numeric Values
The numeric values are set using the Right and Up
arrow buttons. Press Right arrow to select next digit
and Up arrow to increment digit value.
The digit being changed is displayed brighter than the
rest.
Press and hold up arrow to auto-increment the display
value.
Press the Enter button, at any time, to accept a
setting or Menu button to exit without saving changes.
Setting Up the Meter (setup)
The Setup menu is used to select:
1. Input type the meter will accept
2. Degrees F or C
3. Select the display units/tags
4. Decimal point position and F or C indication
5. Display parameter and intensity
6. Relay operation
7. 4-20 mA analog output scaling
Press the Enter button to access any menu or press
Up arrow button to scroll through choices. Press the
Menu button to exit at any time.
Setting the Input Signal (Input)
Enter the Input menu to set up the meter to accept
thermocouple (tc) or RTD (rtd) inputs. The Type
selector switch, located at the rear of the meter, must
be set accordingly.
The thermocouple input is capable of accepting
various types of thermocouples.
The RTD input is capable of accepting various types of
RTD sensors. After selecting 100 Pt or 1000Pt, it is
necessary to select either A385 (0.00385) or A392
(0.00392) coefficient.
Selecting the Temperature Scale
(F or C)
The meter can display the temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit or Celsius.
Setting the Decimal Point (dEc pt)
The temperature may be displayed with one decimal
or with no decimal point. The temperature scale can
also be displayed with the reading. The degree
symbol is available only with no decimal point
selected.
Pressing the Up arrow scrolls the decimal point and
temperature format selections.