R.V.R. Elettronica TEX100 User manual

Manufactured by Italy
TEX100
TEX100/S
UserManual
Volume 1

TEX100-UserManual
Version 4.0
© Copyright 1993-2003
R.V.R. Elettronica SpA
Via del Fonditore 2/2c - 40138 - Bologna (Italia)
Telefono: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Web: www.rvr.it
Allrightsreserved
PrintedandboundinItaly.Nopartofthismanualmaybereproduced,
memorized or transmitted in any form or by any means, eletronic or
mechanic, including photocopying, recording or by any information
storageand retrieval system, withoutthe permission of thecopyright
owner.
Document History
Date Version Reason Author
30/01/02 1.0 First electronic version M. Morotti
01/07/03 4.0 New format in 2 volumes
New Main card D. Canazza
File Name: CAPITOLI_EN.p65
Version: 4.0
Date: 18/07/2003

Notification of intended purpose and limitations of product use
Thisproductisa FM transmitter intended for FM audio broadcasting.Itutilises
operatingfrequenciesnotharmonisedintheintendedcountriesofuse.
Theusermustobtainalicensebeforeusingtheproductinintendedcountryof
use.Ensurerespectivecountrylicensingrequirementsarecompliedwith.
Limitationsofusecanapplyinrespectofoperatingfreuency,transmitterpower
and/orchannelspacing.
Declaration of Conformity
Hereby,R.V.R.ElettronicaSpA,declaresthatthisFMtransmitterisin
compliancewiththeessentialrequirementsandotherrelevantprovisionsof
Directive 1999/5/EC.

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TEX100
iUser Manual Rev.4.0 - 18/07/03
Table of contents
1. Preliminary Instructions 1
2. Warranty 3
3. First Aid 5
3.1 Treating electric shocks 5
3.2 Treating electric burns 6
4. General Description 7
5. Installation and Use Quick Start 9
5.1 Preparation 9
5.2 Use 10
5.3 Operation using the Internal Stereo Encoder (TEX100/S) 12
5.4 Operation using an External Stereo Encoder 12
5.5 Monophonic Transmission 13
6. External Description 15
6.1 Front Panel (TEX100/S stereo version) 15
6.2 Front Panel (TEX100 mono version) 16
6.3 Rear Panel 17
6.4 Descrizione Connettori 18
7. Technical Specifications 19
7.1 Mechanical Specifications 19
7.2 Electrical Specifications 19
8. Identification and Access to the Modules 21
8.1 Modules Identification 21
8.2 Removal of the Modules 23
9. Operations Theory 27
9.1 Power Supply 28
9.2 Audio Input Card 28
9.3 Mixer board / stereo coder (TEX100/S version) 28
9.4 Amplificatore di potenza RF 29
9.5 Meter Card 30
9.6 Frequency Selector Card (Contraves) 30
9.7 Alarms Card 30
9.8 Mono/MPX Coder Card (mono version) 30
9.9 Main Card 31
10. Calibration Procedure 33
10.1 Internal Adjustment 33
Appendix
Component layouts, schematics, bills of material

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TEX100
1 / 42UserManual Rev. 4.0 - 18/07/03
1. Preliminary Instructions
Thismanualisdesignedtoprovideageneralguidetoskilledandqualifiedpersonnel,
whoareaware of the dangers that may arisewhenhandling electric and electronic
circuits.
It does not aim to provide a complete description of all the safety precautions that
mustbeobservedby people who use this or similarequipment.
Theinstallation,operation,maintenance and use of this piece of equipment involve
risks both for people and the equipment itself, which must be handled only by
experiencedtechnicians.
R.V.R. Elettronica SpA does not assume responsibility for injuries to persons or
damage to items caused by improper use or incorrect usage procedures, whether
theusersareexperiencedornot.
Usersshould observe localregulationsandfire-prevention rules whileinstallingand
usingthis equipment.
WARNING: always disconnect the power before opening covers or removing any
partof the equipment.
Takeappropriate earthing measures to discharge the condensersandhighvoltage
pointsbeforedoing any maintenance work.
WARNING:thisequipmentmayradiateradio-frequencyenergy,andifitisnotinstalled
according to the instructions, may cause troublesome interference to radio
communications.
Operating this equipment in a residential environment may give rise to radio
disturbance;ifso, the user may be asked totakeappropriate counter measures.
R.V.R. Elettronica SpA reservestherightto make modifications to the design and
technicalspecificationsof the equipment, and to update this manual without notice.

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TEX100
3 / 42UserManual Rev. 4.0 - 18/07/03
2. Warranty
The guarantee, which is for 12 (twelve) months, is valid for any R.V.R. Elettronica
product.
On components such as tubes for final amplifiers, the manufacturer’s guarantee
applies.
R.V.R. Elettronica extends all transferable original guarantees to its own products.
Toensure thatservicingiscarriedoutproperlyandasfastaspossible,theworkshall
be handled by R.V.R. Elettronica; any claims should be sent directly to R.V.R.
Elettronica,inaccordancewiththedefinedprocedures.
Thewarranty doesnotinclude:
1 damagewhile the equipment is being shipped to R.V.R.for repairs;
2 anyunauthorized modification or repair;
3 accidentaldamage,or damage not due to defectsinthe equipment;
4 nominaldamagenotaccidental;
5 shippingtheequipmentandinsuringit,andreplacementofpartsorunits.
Any damage to the equipment caused during shipment must be reported to the
transportersandnotifiedinwritingontheforwardingreceipt.
Any difference or damage discovered after delivery must be reported to R.V.R.
Elettronicawithin5 (five) days from the delivery date.
Totake advantage of the guarantee, adopt the followingprocedure:
1 Contact the retailer or dealer where you bought the equipment; describe the
problemorfault to check if there isasimplesolution.
Retailersand Distributorscanprovidefull information ontheproblemsthat occur
most frequently; they can normally repair the equipment much faster than the
manufacturer
2 Ifyourdealercannothelpyou,contactR.V.R.Elettronicaanddescribetheproblem
tothem;ifnecessary,youwillbesentauthorizationwiththenecessaryinstructions;
3 Whenyou havereceivedauthorisation, return theequipmentcarriage paidtothe
address specified.
Pack it carefully, if possible in the original packing, and seal the package.
Donotreturnthemachinewithout priorauthorization,otherwiseitmaybereturnedto
you
4 Quote the machine’s type, model and serial number; attach a written technical
diagnosislistingalltheproblemsandfaultsencountered, and enclose a copy of
theinvoice.

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4 / 42 UserManualRev. 4.0-18/07/03
Replacement of parts under guarantee or spare parts can be ordered from the
followingaddress:
R.V.R. Elettronica SpA
Via del Fonditore, 2/2c
40138 BOLOGNA
ITALY
Tel. [phone]
quotingtype,modelandserialnumberofthedevice.

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5 / 42UserManual Rev. 4.0 - 18/07/03
3. First Aid
Personnelinvolved in the installation, use, andmaintenanceoftheequipmentmust
befamiliarwith the theory and practice offirstaid.
3.1 Treating electric shocks
3.1.1 If the victim is inconscious
Follow the first aid principles described below.
• Laythe victim downon his backon a rigidsurface
• Free the respiratory tracts by raising the neck and pushing the forehead back
(Figure1).
• Ifnecessary, check thebreathingofthevictimopening his mouth.
• If the victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration immediately (Figure 2):
inclinethehead,closethenostrils,applyyour mouthtothevictim’sandmakefour
fastrespirations.
Figure 1 Figure 2
• Check the heart beat (Figure 3); if there is none, start a cardiac massage
immediately (Figure 4) pressing the sternum approximately at the centre of the
chest(Figure5).
Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5
• If there is just one person providing first aid, he must adopt a rhythm of 15
compressionsand2fastrespirationsalternately.
• If there are two persons, the rhythm must be 1 respiration and 5 compressions
alternately

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• Donotinterruptthe cardiac massage during the artificial respiration.
• Call a doctor as soon as possible
3.1.2 If the victim is conscious
•Coverthevictimwith a blanket
•Keephim calm.
•Loosenthevictim’sclothesandkeephimlyingdown
•Call a doctor as soon as possible
3.2 Treating electric burns
3.2.1 Large-scale burns and serious cuts
•Covertheareaconcernedwithasheetor a clean cloth.
•Do not break the blisters; remove any fabric and parts of clothing that may be
attachedtothe skin; apply a suitable ointment.
•Treat the victim depending on the type of accident.
•Take the victim to hospital as soon as possible.
•Ifthearmsandlegsareinjured, keep them raised.
Ifno medical help isavailablewithinanhour and thevictimisconsciousand has not
retched,administer aliquidsolution ofsaltandbicarbonate ofsoda:1 teaspoonfulof
salttoevery 250ml of water.
Getthevictimtoslowlydrinkhalfaglassofthesolution, four times, over a period of
15minutes.
Stop the treatment if the victim startsto retch.
Donot administer alcoholics!
3.2.2 Less serious burns
•Apply cold gauze compresses (not iced) using a clean cloth (i.e. as clean as
possible).
•Do not break any blisters; remove any fabric and parts of clothing that may be
attachedtothe skin; apply a suitable ointment.
•Ifnecessary, dress thevictimincleandry clothes.
•Treat the victim depending on the type of accident.
•Take the victim to hospital as soon as possible.
•Ifthearmsandlegsareinjured, keep them raised.

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4. General Description
The TEX100 is an exciter working in the 87.5 to 108 MHz band, programmable in
stepsof10KHz. Its power output is continuously adjustable from5Wto100Wintoa
50 Ohm load and it’s contained in a 19” rack mountable 3HE case.
The power output control, audio input level control and analog meter for the
measurementofoperatingparameters,areallmountedon thefrontpanel,beyondto
theselectoroftheworking frequency and to various LED.
Thelinepower,audio input,RFoutput andtelemetryconnectors aremountedonthe
rearpanel.
This device is present in two version: the mono (TEX100) and the stereo version
(TEX100/S).
The TEX100 incorporates a stereo coder which guarantees excellent stereo
separation together with low harmonic distortion (only for Stereo version). It also
acceptstwoSCAsignals.Afrontpanelswitchallowsstereooperation(only forstereo
version)or "mono/ mpx" operation which excludes thestereoencoderandusesthe
"right"inputas the mono input and the "left"inputas the wideband composite input
(MPX).
TheTEX100(Mono/MPXversion)canbeusedformonophonic trasmission or, with
anexternalcoder stereo, for stereophonic transmission.
Boththeversionsincludetwosubcarrierinputs,usableforRDS(RadioDataSystem)
transmissionor SCA.
Thespecification features low audiodistortionandintermodulation figures (typically
0.03%)andahighsignal-to-noiseratio(typically -80 dB).
Avoltageselectoron the transformer primary allows a variety ofsupplyvoltagesto
beused.
Theoperatingparametersoftheexcitercanbemonitoredusingtheanalogmultimeter
situatedonthefrontpanel.Theparametertobemeasuredisselectedbythe rotary
selector.
Thefrequency controlallowsfrequencies tobeselected instepsof 10KHz(notethat
theactualnormsinsomecountriespreviewtheobligationoftransmissiononchannels
withsteps of 100kHz;forthisreason, the TEX100, comessuppliedondemand with
stepofselectionoffrequencyof100kHz) .
ThreeredalarmledsindicatePLLunlock,excessSWRontheoutputandtheexcess
of temperature, and the shutdown condition, programmed by a remote command
(interlock).Threegreenledsindicatethepresence of+12V,+15Vand +28Vvoltages
whichareusedtopower the various cards inside the exciter.

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Inthestereophonicversion,arepresent two switch to that allows the selection
betweenMono/MPXandStereofunctionsandtodisabled the19KHzsubcarrier
fromthecodedsignal.
Forboththemodels,onthefront panel is present a selector for the audio input
level adjustment. These can be regulated on fixed values of -9, -6, -3, 0 o +6
dBm (for 75 kHz of deviation), or a position can be selected where the inputs
cangofrom-12to+9dBmandtheregulationforthecorrect levelof thedeviation
comesmadethroughtwotrimmeraccessiblefromthepanel.
The operating frequency is governed by a thermally-compensated, reference
oscillator working within a phase-locked loop (PLL). The TEX100 reaches
frequencylockwithin a maximum of 30 seconds.
Theexciter containsthecontrol circuitryforthefollowingfunctions:
•automaticcontrol of theoutputpower(maintainsthe prefixed levelonallthe
frequencyrangetovaryingoftheworkconditions,beingbased also on two
signalsofexternalfeedbacks)
•protection of the final stage from excess of standing waves (internal or
external),or fromtemperatureexcess.
Thecontrolcircuitsallowautomaticcontrolofoutputpower(internalandexternal),
maintaining the chosen power level across the entire operating band.
Furthermoreanother circuitprotectsthe finalstageagainst excessiveVSWRor
shortcircuits and excessive temperature.
Then,thereareother protection circuits that allow to limit themaximumoutput
powerandtoprotecttheequipmentagainstapowersupply'sovervoltage.
The RF amplifier is a wide-band design and guarantees an adjustable power
outputupto100wattsacross the entire FM band.
A low-pass filter enables the TEX100 to be used as a low power transmitter,
connected directly to an antenna: the harmonic emissions are reduced under
thelevelsallowedfrom the international norms, like CCIR or FCC.
The TEX100 is designed in a modular way: the different functionalities are
performed by modules that are then interconnected either directly (the male
connectorofonemoduleplugsinthethe femaleconnectorofanotherone)orby
means of connectors-ended cables. This design allows easy servicing and
replacementof the single modules.

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5. Installation and Use Quick Start
Thischapter givesaconciseview of thepointsthatare necessary fortheinstallation
ofthedevice.Ifanyitemisnotcompletelyclear,forexamplewhenyouusetheexciter
forthe first time,westronglysuggest to readthroughlythemanual.
5.1 Preparation
Unpack the exciter and before any other operation check the unit for any shipping
damageandcheckthatallthecontrolsandconnectorsonthe front and rear panels
are in good conditions.
Checkthemains voltage selector on the rear panel:theselected value is indicated
by an arrow. If required, extract the selector block levering with a little screwdriver.
Rotatetheblockuntilthecorrectprintedvaluecorrespondswiththearrow,thenreinsert
it.
Thecurrent capacity of the fuses arearethefollows:
•Powersupply (inthemainsvoltageselectorblock):
230-240V 3.15A 5X20
100-120V 6.3A 5X20
•P.A. Fuse 8A 10X38
•Fuse 6A 10X38
Nowensure that the “PWRADJ” controlisrotatedfullyanti-clockwise,usingasmall
screwdriver.
NOTE: Thecontrolisaten-turnpotentiometerso care should be taken to verify the
minimumposition.
Unitsare usually shipped withthiscontrolalreadyat minimum.
NOTE:When the unit is switched on with thecontrolatitsminimumposition,power
outputisabout 5W.
Connect a dummy load with a power rating of at least 100 W continuous to the “N”
typeconnector of the RF output,situatedontherear panel of theunit.Itisadvisable
toconnecta bypass wattmeter in series with thisloadinordertoverifythe accuracy
ofthe unit's own internal wattmeter, asshownintheFigure5.1.

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Figure5.1
Connectaswitch, via a cable, to the BNC connector (REMOTE3)ontherearpanel
sothattheswitchisabletoshortthecentralconductor toitsscreen.Leavetheswitch
inthe short-circuitposition.It isnotindispensable tohaveacable ofthistype, butitis
comfortable when is wanted to able or to disable fastly the emission of power is
wanted.
VerifythatTEX100 isswitchoff.
Connectlinepowerto the unit via the VDE socket.
NOTE: This device shall be correctly connected to ground. Correct grounding is
essentialbothforsafetyandto reach the rated performances.
5.2 Use
Select the desired operating frequency using the corresponding selector. The
frequencyselector comprises fivefiguresofwhich the threetotheleftof thedecimal
pointrepresent(fromlefttoright)hundredsofMHz,tensof MHzandMHz.Examples
ofrightconfigurations are:
0
9
8
4
5
98.45MHz
1
0
3
9
0
103.90MHz
Furthermore, if a frequency is selected beyond the two limits of the 87.5-108 MHz
band, the amplifier will continue to work even through the displayed frequency no
longercorresponds to the operating frequencyoftheunit.
NOTE: Transmitting outside the legal band (87.5-108 MHz) is an offence and may
leadtoprosecution.For this reason, the TEX100 can be equippedondemandwith
adevicethatpreventsthetransmissiononvariousfrequenciesfromthoseconcurred.

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Switch On the TEX100 and check that the three green internal voltage led and the
redUNLOCK led are all lit.
After having verified that the UNLOCK led is switched off (about 30 sec.) and that
the unit is therefore locked to the selected working frequency, switch the switch
connectedtothe REMOTE connector so as to remove the short circuitbetweenthe
centralconductorandground. TheRFoutputisnow enabledandshouldcorrespond
toapowerlevelofabout5W.Tocheckthisreading,selectFWDonthemeterselector
and read the power from the 120 W FSD scale:
Usingasmallscrewdriver,rotatethePWRADJcontrolclockwise;thepoweroutput
should increase progressively to a maximum of 100W. Check the value with the
bypasswattmeter which should be within±10%.
Withthepoweroutput at100W,selecta newoperatingfrequencywellawayfromthe
current value: at the same time will happens time that the“UNLOCK” led be litted
and that the output power goes completely to 0; only when the led turn off (new
lockedfrequency) it will bereturnedtohavingoutput power.
ThefunctionalitiesoftheTEX100aredescribedinthecontinuation.
•Automaticpowercontrolcheck
Itisadvisable to start this procedure with theoperatingfrequencysetto87.50MHz.
Whenlockedtothisfrequency,thePWRADJcontrolshouldbeadjustedforanoutput
power of 50 W.
Now, with no further adjustment of the PWR ADJ control, change the operating
frequencyinstepsof4-5MHz,ensuringthattheoutputpowerremainsconstantat50
W.
•SWRalarmcheck
Forthis test, adjustthe PWRADJcontrolfor a poweroutput of 5W.Disconnect the
outputload and check that the S.W.R.ledswitches on.

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Nowcheck that thereflectedpowerdoesn’texceed 25% of theoutputpowerand
that,onceexceedthealarmthreshold,theoutputforwardpowerdecreasetoavoid
thatthefinal stage can be damaged.
Re-connecttheoutputloadandcheckthatREFfallstozero,theSWRledswitches
off and that PWR FWD jumps to 100 W.
•Deviationreadingcheck
Themaximum inputsensitivityis determinedbytheposition oftheINPUT LEVEL
control. In the -12/+9 position, the sensitivity will depend on the L/mpx and R/
monocontrols.
Thefollowing procedure is referred toaTEX100/S. For the Mono/MPX version,
proceedinanalogousway.
•Puttheselectorin the L/MPX position.
• Connectalow-distortion audio generator to the LEFTandRIGHTinputs..
• PuttheINPUTLEVELcontrolin the 0dBm position.
• Injecta400 Hz tone at a level of0dBm(775mVRMS =2.2Vpp).
• Select stereo mode with the pilot tone enabled (the corresponding two leds
willswitch on).
• Check that the reading is 0dB, measured on the +3dB FSD scale.
• Repeattheoperation for the Right.
• In these conditions, verify that the deviation measured on the instrument
(position of selector on “DEV”) is of 75 kHz.
5.3 Operation using the Internal Stereo Encoder (TEX100/S)
Injectthepilottonecheckingthatthecorrespondingledswitcheson,thanselect
STEREOoperationconfirmedbythecorrespondingled.
Select the sensitivity of the audio LEFT/RIGHT inputs to match the signal level
beingsuppliedto the unit. Connect thesignalsource to the LEFT/RIGHT inputs
(theseare balanced inputs).
Checkon the internalanalogmeterthat theL/Rsignallevelsare thoseexpected,
selectingthedesiredinputwiththecorrespondingcontrol.Theeffectivemodulation
level may be measured on the analog multimeter by selecting DEV with the
correspondingselector.
5.4 Operation using an External Stereo Encoder
Connectthestereo source's output to the MPX input oftheunit.

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Figure5.2
Adjustthe stereoencodertoobtain justthe19 KHz subcarrieroutputand ensurethe
totalabsence of signals on the leftandrightinputsoftheencoder.
Adjusttheoutputleveloftheencodertoobtainthecorrectlevelasdisplayedonthe
analogmeterofthe TEX100, typically 7,5 KHz. Inject audio signalsintotheleftand
rightinputsoftheencoderand adjust the sensitivity of the input (with both channels
enabled) to obtain a peak reading of MAX=75KHz.
5.5 Monophonic Transmission
Connect the signal source (audio mixer, receiver, compressor etc.) to the MONO
input(thisinputisunbalanced),andselectthe desired INPUT LEVEL.
Figure5.3
Adjust the signal level of the equipment connected to the TEX100 (with the audio
signalpresent)for a peak reading ofDEVIATIONMAX 75 KHz.
NOTE: The international standards permit a maximum deviation of 75 KHz for
radiophonic transmissions in Frequency Modulated. Exceeding this limit will only
resultinthedegradation of signal quality and represents a violationofthelawsand
regulationsin vigor.

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