R.V.R. Elettronica TEX150 User manual

Manufactured by Italy
TEX150
User Manual

TEX150-UserManual
Version 4.0
© Copyright 1993-2001
R.V.R.ElettronicaSpA
Via del Fonditore 2/2c - 40138 - Bologna (Italia)
Telefono: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Web: www.rvr.it
Allrightsreserved
PrintedandboundinItaly. No partofthismanualmaybereproduced,
memorized or transmitted in any form or by any means, eletronic or
mechanic, including photocopying, recording or by any information
storageand retrieval system, withoutthe permission of thecopyright
owner.

Notification of intended purpose and limitations of product use
ThisproductisaFM transmitter intended for FM audio broadcasting. It utilises
operatingfrequenciesnotharmonisedintheintendedcountriesofuse.
Theusermustobtainalicensebeforeusingtheproductinintendedcountryof
use.Ensure respective country licensing requirementsarecompliedwith.
Limitationsofusecanapplyinrespect of operating freuency, transmitter power
and/orchannel spacing.
Declaration of Conformity
Hereby,R.V.R.ElettronicaSpA,declaresthatthisFMtransmitterisin
compliancewith the essential requirements andotherrelevantprovisionsof
Directive 1999/5/EC.

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TEX150
iUser Manual Rev. 4.0 - 27/07/01
Table of Contents
1. Preliminary Instructions 1
2. Warranty 3
3. First Aid 5
3.1 Treating electric shocks 5
3.2 Treating electric burns 6
4. General Description 7
5. Quick Start 9
5.1 Preparation 9
5.2 Operations 10
5.3 Operation using the Stereo Encoder (Only for Stereo ver.) 12
5.4 Connection of an External Stereophonic Source 12
5.5 Monophonic Transmission 13
6. External Description 15
6.1 Front Panel (TEX150/S stereo version) 15
6.2 Front Panel (TEX150 mono version) 16
6.3 Rear Panel 17
6.4 Connectors Description 18
7. Technical Specifications 19
7.1 Mechanical Specifications 19
7.2 Electrical Specifications 19
8. Identification and Access to the Modules 21
8.1 Modules Identification 21
8.2 Removal of the Modules 23
9. Theory of the Operations 27
9.1 Power Supply 28
9.2 Audio Input Card 28
9.3 Coder mixer (only for stereo version) 28
9.4 R.F. Power Amplifier 29
9.5 Meter Card 29
9.6 Contraves Card 30
9.7 Alarms Card 30
9.8 Mono/MPX Coder Card (mono version) 30
9.9 Clipper Card (optional) 30
9.10 PLL Card 31
9.11 VCO Card 31
10. Calibration Procedure 33
10.1 Internal Adjustment 33
Appendix
Component layouts, schematics, bills of material

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1. Preliminary Instructions
This manual is designed to provide a general guide to skilled and qualified
personnel, who are aware of the dangers that may arise when handling electric
and electronic circuits.
It does not aim to provide a complete description of all the safety precautions that
must be observed by people who use this or similar equipment.
The installation, operation, maintenance and use of this piece of equipment involve
risks both for people and the equipment itself, which must be handled only by
experienced technicians.
R.V.R. Elettronica SpA does not assume responsibility for injuries to persons or
damage to items caused by improper use or incorrect usage procedures, whether
the users are experienced or not.
Users should observe local regulations and fire-prevention rules while installing
and using this equipment.
WARNING: always disconnect the power before opening covers or removing any
part of the equipment.
Take appropriate earthing measures to discharge the condensers and high voltage
points before doing any maintenance work.
WARNING: this equipment may radiate radio-frequency energy, and if it is not
installed according to the instructions, may cause troublesome interference to
radio communications.
Operating this equipment in a residential environment may give rise to radio
disturbance; if so, the user may be asked to take appropriate counter measures.
R.V.R. Elettronica SpA reserves the right to make modifications to the design
and technical specifications of the equipment, and to update this manual without
notice.

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2. Warranty
The guarantee, which is for 12 (twelve) months, is valid for any R.V.R. Elettronica
product.
On components such as tubes for final amplifiers, the manufacturer’s guarantee
applies.
R.V.R. Elettronica extends all transferable original guarantees to its own products.
To ensure that servicing is carried out properly and as fast as possible, the work
shall be handled by R.V.R. Elettronica; any claims should be sent directly to R.V.R.
Elettronica, in accordance with the defined procedures.
The warranty does not include:
1 damage while the equipment is being shipped to R.V.R. for repairs;
2 any unauthorized modification or repair;
3 accidental damage, or damage not due to defects in the equipment;
4 nominal damage not accidental;
5 shipping the equipment and insuring it, and replacement of parts or units.
Any damage to the equipment caused during shipment must be reported to the
transporters and notified in writing on the forwarding receipt.
Any difference or damage discovered after delivery must be reported to R.V.R.
Elettronica within 5 (five) days from the delivery date.
To take advantage of the guarantee, adopt the following procedure:
1 Contact the retailer or dealer where you bought the equipment; describe the
problem or fault to check if there is a simple solution.
Retailers and Distributors can provide full information on the problems that
occur most frequently; they can normally repair the equipment much faster
than the manufacturer
2 If your dealer cannot help you, contact R.V.R. Elettronica and describe the
problem to them; if necessary, you will be sent authorization with the necessary
instructions;
3 When you have received authorisation, return the equipment carriage paid to
the address specified.
Pack it carefully, if possible in the original packing, and seal the package.
Do not return the machine without prior authorization, otherwise it may be returned
to you
4 Quote the machine’s type, model and serial number; attach a written technical
diagnosis listing all the problems and faults encountered, and enclose a copy
of the invoice.

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Replacement of parts under guarantee or spare parts can be ordered from the
following address:
R.V.R. Elettronica SpA
Via del Fonditore, 2/2c
40138 BOLOGNA
ITALY
Tel. [phone]
quoting type, model and serial number of the device.

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3. First Aid
Personnel involved in the installation, use, and maintenance of the equipment
must be familiar with the theory and practice of first aid.
3.1 Treating electric shocks
3.1.1 If the victim is inconscious
Follow the first aid principles described below.
• Lay the victim down on his back on a rigid surface
• Free the respiratory tracts by raising the neck and pushing the forehead back
(Figure 1).
• If necessary, check the breathing of the victim opening his mouth.
• If the victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration immediately (Figure 2):
incline the head, close the nostrils, apply your mouth to the victim’s and make
four fast respirations.
Figure 1 Figure 2
• Check the heart beat (Figure 3); if there is none, start a cardiac massage
immediately (Figure 4) pressing the sternum approximately at the centre of the
chest (Figure 5).
Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5
• If there is just one person providing first aid, he must adopt a rhythm of 15
compressions and 2 fast respirations alternately.
• If there are two persons, the rhythm must be 1 respiration and 5 compressions
alternately

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• Do not interrupt the cardiac massage during the artificial respiration.
• Call a doctor as soon as possible
3.1.2 If the victim is conscious
•Cover the victim with a blanket
•Keep him calm.
•Loosen the victim’s clothes and keep him lying down
•Call a doctor as soon as possible
3.2 Treating electric burns
3.2.1 Large-scale burns and serious cuts
•Cover the area concerned with a sheet or a clean cloth.
•Do not break the blisters; remove any fabric and parts of clothing that may be
attached to the skin; apply a suitable ointment.
•Treat the victim depending on the type of accident.
•Take the victim to hospital as soon as possible.
•If the arms and legs are injured, keep them raised.
If no medical help is available within an hour and the victim is conscious and has
not retched, administer a liquid solution of salt and bicarbonate of soda: 1
teaspoonful of salt to every 250ml of water.
Get the victim to slowly drink half a glass of the solution, four times, over a period
of 15 minutes.
Stop the treatment if the victim starts to retch.
Do not administer alcoholics!
3.2.2 Less serious burns
•Apply cold gauze compresses (not iced) using a clean cloth (i.e. as clean as
possible).
•Do not break any blisters; remove any fabric and parts of clothing that may be
attached to the skin; apply a suitable ointment.
•If necessary, dress the victim in clean dry clothes.
•Treat the victim depending on the type of accident.
•Take the victim to hospital as soon as possible.
•If the arms and legs are injured, keep them raised.

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4. General Description
The TEX150 is an exciter working in the 87.5 to 108 MHz band, programmable in
steps of 10KHz. Its power output is continuously adjustable from 10W to 100W
into a 50 Ohm load and it’s contained in a 19” rack mountable 3HE case.
The power output control, audio input level control and analog meter for the
measurement of operating parameters, are all mounted on the front panel.
The line power, audio input, RF output and telemetry (optional) connectors are
mounted on the rear panel.
This device is present in two version: the mono (TEX150) and the stereo version
(TEX150/S).
The TEX150 incorporates a stereo coder which guarantees excellent stereo
separation together with low harmonic distortion (only for Stereo version). It also
accepts two SCA signals.
A front panel switch allows stereo operation (only for stereo version) or "mono/
mpx" operation which excludes the stereo encoder and uses the "right" input as
the mono input and the "left" input as the wideband composite input.
The specification features low audio distortion and intermodulation figures (typically
0.03%) and a high signal-to-noise ratio (typically -80 dB).
A voltage selector on the transformer primary allows a variety of supply voltages
to be used.
The operating parameters of the exciter can be monitored using the analog
multimeter situated on the front panel. The parameter to be measured is selected
by the rotary selector. The frequency control allows frequencies to be selected in
steps of 10KHz.
Three red alarm leds indicate VCO unlock , excess VSWR on the output and the
excess of temperature, and the shutdown condition, programmed by a remote
command. Three green leds indicate the presence of +12V, +15V and +28V voltages
which are used to power the various cards inside the exciter.
A selector allows selection between Mono/MPX and Stereo functions and another
selector is provided to choose the level of the input signal. Trimmers are provided
for adjustment of left and right channels and a switch allows the stereo subcarrier
to be enabled or disabled.
The operating frequency is governed by a thermally-compensated, reference
oscillator working within a phase-locked loop (PLL). The TEX150 reaches frequency
lock within a maximum of 30 seconds.

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The control circuits allow automatic control of output power(internal and external),
maintaining the chosen power level across the entire operating band. Furthermore
another circuit protects the final stage against excessive VSWR or short circuits
and excessive temperature.
Then, there are other protection circuits that allow to limit the maximum output
power and to protect the equipment against a power supply's overvoltage.
The RF amplifier is a wide-band design and guarantees an adjustable power output
of 10 to 150 watts across the entire band.
A low-pass filter enables the TEX150 to be used as a low power transmitter,
connected directly to an antenna.
The TEX150 is designed in a modular way: the different functionalities are performed
by modules that are then interconnected either directly (the male connector of one
module plugs in the the female connector of another one) or by means of
connectors-ended cables. This design allows easy servicing and replacement of
the single modules.

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5. Quick Start
This chapter gives a concise view of the points that are necessary for the installation
of the device. If any item is not completely clear, for example when you use the
exciter for the first time, we strongly suggest to read throughly the manual.
5.1 Preparation
Unpack the exciter and before any other operation check the unit for any shipping
damage and check that all the controls and connectors on the front and rear panels
are in good conditions.
Check the mains voltage selector on the rear panel: the selected value is indicated
by an arrow. If required, extract the selector block levering with a little screwdriver.
Rotate the block until the correct printed value corresponds with the arrow, then
reinsert it.
The current capacity of the fuses are are the follows:
220-240V 10A 5X20
100-120V 12A 5X20
P.A. FUSE 6A 10X38
FUSE 16A 10X38
Now ensure that the PWR ADJ control is rotated fully anti-clockwise, using a small
screwdriver.
NOTE: The control is a ten-turn potentiometer so care should be taken to verify
the minimum position.
Units are usually shipped with this control already at minimum.
NOTE: When the unit is switched on with the control at its minimum position,
power output is about 10W.
Connect a dummy load with a power rating of at least 150 W continuous to the RF
output, situated on the rear panel of the unit. It is advisable to connect a bypass
wattmeter in series with this load in order to verify the accuracy of the unit's own
internal wattmeter, as shown in the figure below:

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figure 5.1
Connect a switch, via a cable, to the REMOTE 3 connector on the rear panel so
that the switch is able to short the central conductor to its screen. Leave the switch
in the short-circuit position.
Verify that TEX150 is switch off.
Connect line power to the unit via the VDE socket.
NOTE: This device shall be correctly connected to ground. Correct grounding is
essential both for safety and to reach the rated performances.
5.2 Operations
Switch the power On switc to the ON position and check that the three green
internal voltage led and the red UNLOCK led are all on.
Select the desired operating frequency using the corresponding selector. The red
UNLOCK led should switch off within 30 seconds, indicating that the oscillator has
locked onto the operating frequency. The frequency selector comprises five figures
of which the three to the left of the decimal point represent (from left to right)
hundreds of MHz, tens of MHz and MHz. The two figures to the right of the decimal
point represent (from left to right) hundreds of KHz and tens of KHz.
Eg: 098.45 = ninety eight megahertz and four hundred and fifty Kilohertz.
Eg: 103.94 = one hundred and three Megahertz and nine hundred and forty
Kilohertz.
Furthermore, if a frequency is selected beyond the two limits of the 87.5-108 MHz
band, the amplifier will continue to work even through the displayed frequency no
longer corresponds to the operating frequency of the unit.
NOTE: Transmitting outside the legal band (87.5-108 MHz) is an offence and may
lead to prosecution.

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After having verified that the UNLOCK led is switched off and that the unit is
therefore locked to the selected operating frequency, switch the switch connected
to the REMOTE connector so as to remove the short circuit between the central
conductor and ground. The RF output is now enabled and should correspond to a
power level of about 10W. To check this reading, select FWD on the meter selector
and read the power from the 200 W FSD scale.
Using a small screwdriver, rotate the PWR ADJ control clockwise; the power output
should increase progressively to a maximum of 150W. Check the value with the
bypass wattmeter which should be within ±10%.
With the power output at 150W, select a new operating frequency well away from
the current value.
Eg. 107 MHz: the UNLOCK led should switch on and the power output should fall
to zero at the same time. Only when the UNLOCK led switches off (unit locked to
new frequency) should the power output resume its previous level.
Automatic power control check
It is advisable to start this procedure with the operating frequency set to 87.50
MHz. When locked to this frequency, the PWR ADJ control should be adjusted for
an output power of 50 W.
Now, with no further adjustment of the PWR ADJ control, change the operating
frequency in steps of 4-5 MHz, ensuring that the output power remains constant at
50 W.
SWR alarm check
For this test, adjust the PWR ADJ control for a power output of 10W. Disconnect
the output load and check that the S.W.R. led switches on. Now adjust the PWR
ADJ control to check that the unit switches on again at a reflected power level of
about 20 W.
Turn the PWR ADJ control for maximum power and check that the reflected power
does not exceed 50 W.
Re-connect the output load and check that REF falls to zero, the SWR led switches
off and that PWR FWD jumps to 150 W.
Now short circuit the central conductor of the REMOTE input to ground and the
output power should drop instantly to zero. Removing the short should cause the
power output to return, gradually, to its previous level.
Verifica misuratore di deviazione
The maximum input sensitivity is determined by the position of the INPUT LEVEL
control. In the -12/+9 position, the sensitivity will depend on the L/mpx and R/
mono controls.

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•Put the selector in the DEV position.
• Connect a low-distortion audio generator to the LEFT and RIGHT inputs.
• Inject a 400 Hz tone at a level of 0dBm (775mVRMS = 2.2Vpp).
• Put the INPUT LEVEL control in the 0dBm position.
• Select stereo mode (the corresponding led will switch on).
Enable the PILOT using the relevant switch (the green led will switch on). With the
selector in the R/MONO position, check that the reading is 0b, measured on the
+3dB FSD scale. Repeat the operation for the L/MPX. Check that the deviation
reading is 100%.
5.3 Operation using the Stereo Encoder (Only for Stereo ver.)
Inject the pilot tone checking that the corresponding led switches on, than select
STEREO operation confirmed by the corresponding led.
Select the sensitivity of the audio LEFT/RIGHT inputs to match the signal level
being supplied to the unit. Connect the signal source to the LEFT/RIGHT inputs
(these are balanced inputs).
figure 5.2
Check on the internal analog meter that the L/R signal levels are those expected,
selecting the desired input with the corresponding control. The effective modulation
level may be measured on the analog multimeter by selecting DEV with the
corresponding selector.
5.4 Connection of an External Stereophonic Source
Connect the stereo source's output to the MPX input of the unit.

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figure 5.3
Adjust the stereo encoder to obtain just the 19 KHz subcarrier output and ensure
the total absence of signals on the left and right inputs of the encoder.
Adjust the output level of the encoder to obtain the correct level as displayed on
the analog meter of the TEX150. Inject audio signals into the left and right inputs
of the encoder and adjust the sensitivity of the input to obtain a peak reading of
MAX=75KHz with both channels enabled.
5.5 Monophonic Transmission
Connect the signal source (audio mixer, receiver, compressor etc.) to the MONO
input (this input is unbalanced), and select the desired INPUT LEVEL.
figure 5.4
Adjust the signal level of the equipment connected to the TEX150 (with the audio
signal present) for a peak reading of DEVIATION MAX 75 KHz.
NOTE: The international standards permit a maximum deviation (DEV MAX) of 75
KHz for frequency modulated, radiophonic transmissions. Exceeding this limit will
only result in the degradation of signal quality. In the case of mono transmissions,
the stereo input is available for frequencies between 15 KHz and 100 KHz (i.e.
subcarriers for SCA, RDS etc.).

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