Radio Shack 4 User manual

Radie /haeK
Model
4
Quick
fl:
•
Reference
Guide
©Copyright 1983 by Radio Shack,
ADivision oi Tandy Corporation

Contents
Start-Up ^
TRSDOS -'l|J
Commands and Utilities ^4
Error Messages ^
BASIC ^
Statements and Functions .
.
^
Control Keys ^
Operators ^
Edit Commands ^
Special Characters ^4
Error Messages ^u|
Internal Codes ^

Start-Up
Make sure all floppy disk drives are empty and all equip-
ment is off.
1
.
Turn on all peripheral equipment (such as aprinter),
except the hard disk.
2. Hard disk users: Turn on the primary hard disk drive.
3. Turn on the computer.
4. Insert asystem diskette into Drive and close the
drive door. TRSDOS displays its start-up message.
5. TRSDOS prompts you for the date. Enter it in the
mm/dd/yy format.
6. The following system prompt will appear on your
screen:
TRSDOS Ready
Now, you can type in aTRSDOS command.
7. To start BASIC, type:
BASIC (ENTER)
and you see the BASIC prompt:
Ready
represents avalue that you supply. Information within
brackets is optional.
Now, you can type in aBASIC command.
This Quick Reference Guide is divided into two sections:
TRSDOS and BASIC.
Information which is non-shaded (like this) pertains to:
•TRSDOS intermediate commands and utilities
•BASIC statements
Information which is shaded like this pertains to:
•TRSDOS advanced commands and utilities
•BASIC functions

Commands and Utilities
Those parts of the command line that you must enter are
hiahliqhted. Information that is upper-case should be
typed in exactly as is. Information that is lower-case
represents avalue that you supply. Information within
brackets is optional.
APPEND source [TO] destination [(ECHO.STRIP)]
Adds one disk file onto the end of another.
ATTRIB iile (USER ="password"OWNER ="password"
PROT =level, VIS.INV)
Changes the protection of afile. The /eve _can be
EXEC READ UPDATE, WRITE, RENAME, REMOVE,
or FULL. ,,..,.. „„
ATTRIB CUSTFILE/DATsi (USER= >
OWNER="BOSSMAN" ,PROT =READ tVIS)
ATTRIB [drive] (LOCK,UNLOCK,MPW ="password",
NAME ="disk name", PW =["password"])
Changes the protection of files on adrive n
ATTRIB -.1 (NAME="DATA" ,PW="SECRET .
MPW="BOSSMAN" )
AUTO [drive, ?;drive, =drive] [*] [command line]
Stores acommand line for automatic execution each
time TRSDOS starts up. (AUTO by itself deletes the
current AUTO command line.)
AUTO BASIC AUTO *D0 INIT/JCL.l
BACKUP [filel source drive [TO] destination drive
5MPW=1?assword",SYS,INV,MOD,QUERY =YES,OLD,
NEW, X, DATE ="date")]
Duplicates asystem or data diskette, (file can be a
partial name.)
BACKUP ;si
BACKUP (MOD. QUERY, MPW= "SECRET "
)
BOOT [(CLEAR)- (ENTER), 3D]
Resets the system.
BOOT
BUILD iile [(HEXAPPEND)] xocnnQ
Creates an input file for JCL, KSM, and other TRSDOS
commands.
BUILD MYPROGA/FI>(;0
BUILD DISPLAY/BLD (HEX)
CLICK/FLT
SET device [TO] CLICK/FLT
FILTER *KI device
Establishes the key-click filter.
II

COM/DVR
SET *CL [TO] COM/DVR
Prepares the Communications Line (*CL) for use.
COMM device[(XLATES =X'aabb',XLATER =X'aabb',
XON -X'cc', XOFF =X'cc', NULL =OFF)]
Lets two computers communicate via adevice.
CONV [ffie]:source drive [:destination drive] [(VIS,
INV, SYS, NEW, OLD, QUERY=NODIR)]
Converts files from aTRSDOS 1.3 (Model III) diskette
onto aTRSDOS Version 6formatted diskette, (file can
be apartial name.)
CONY :1 ;0 <0IS,Q=N0>
COPY source [TO] destination [(LRL =nnn,
CLONE =NO, ECHOX)]
Copies data from one file or device to another.
COPY TEST/DAT TO :1
COPY *KI TO *PR (ECHO)
CREATE file [(LRL =number, REC =number,
SIZE =number)]
Creates afile and reserves space on the disk for future
use.
CREATE INVENT/DAT (SIZE=20)
DATE [mmydd/yy]
Sets or displays the current date.
DATE 08/09/82 DATE
DEBUG [(ON, OFF)] [(EXT)]
Sets up the debug monitor for testing and debugging
machine-language programs.
DEBUG DEBUG (OFF)
DEVICE [(D =NQB =YES,S =NO,P =YES)]
Displays the current status of each drive and the
options in use.
DEVICE DEVICE (B=YES)
DIR [file] [: drive] [(ALL,INV,M0d,NON,PRT, SYS, DATE
DATE ="date',' SORT =NO)]
Lists the directory of adrive or file, (.file can be apartial
name.)
DIR :i DIR <DATE="10/01/81-")
DO [S, =,*] tile [((&label,parm =value)] [;]
Compiles and executes aDO file.
DO DRIUE/JCL DO =DRIUE/JCL

DUMP file (START =address, END =address,
TRA =address, ASCII, ETX =value)
Copies an area of memory to adisk file.
DUMP ROUTINE/CMD
<START=X'700Q' .END =X'8Q0Q ' .
TRA=X'7000')
FILTER device [USING] phantom device
Filters data to or from adevice, using afilter program.
FILTER *PR USING *DU
FORMAT :drive (ABS.NAME ="disk name",
MPW="password", SDEN.DDEN, CYL =number,
QUERY =NO)
Formats ablank or old disk for use.
FORMAT
FORMAT :1(NAME= "DATA3" .
MPW="SECRET"
)
FORMS [(DEFAULT, ADDLF.CHARS =number.FFHARD,
INDENT =number, LINES =number,
MARGIN =number, PAGE =number, QUERY, TAB,
XLATE=X'aabb')]
Sets up printer options.
FORMS (MARGIN=10.CHARS=80.INDENT=G)
FORMS/FLT
SET *PF [TO] FORMS/FLT
FILTER *PR *PF
Prepares the Printer Filter (*PF) for use.
FREE [: drive] [(PRT)]
Lists free space and number of files on each disk; if
drive is specified, displays space map of that disk.
FREE FREE :0 (PRT)
JOBLOG
ROUTE *JL [TO] file
ROUTE *JL [TO] device
Establishes the Joblog device (*JU, which sends
certain information to afile or device.
ROUTE *JL TO LISTER/JBL
ROUTE *JL TO *PR
KSM/FLT
SET device KSM/FLT [USING] file
[(ENTER =value)]
FILTER *KI device
SET *DU KSM/FLT USING ROUTINE/KSM
FILTER *KI *DU

LIB
Displays library commands.
LIB
LINK device 1[TO] device2
Links two logical devices, :
LINK #D0 *PR
LIST Me [(ASCII8,NUM,HEX, TAB =number, PRT,
LINE =number, REC =number, LRL =number)]
Lists contents of afile to the display or printer
LIST TESTFILE:0
LIST MONITOR/CMD (PRT)
LOAD [(X)] file
Loads aprogram file into memory.
LOAD STATUS/CMD
LOAD (X) PROGRAM/CIM
MEMDISK7DCT
SYSTEM (DRIVE =drive.DRIVER ="MEMDISK")
Adds to the system apseudo floppy drive which keeps
its files in memory.
SYSTEM (DRIUE=2»DRIUER="MEMDISK")
MEMORY [(CLEAR =value, HIGH =address,
LOW=address, ADD =address, WORD =word
BYTE =byte, GO =address)]
Reserves aportion of memory, sets or displays current
HIGHS and LOW$, modifies amemory address, or
jumps to aspecified memory location.
MEMORY
MEMORY <ADD =X'E100' ,WORD=X '3E0A '
)
PATCH file (patch commands)
,Changes the contents of adisk file.
PATCH MONITOR/CMD (X'E100'=C3 SB 00)
PATCH file! USING Iile2 [(YANK,REMOVE)]
Makes changes contained in file2 to filet
PATCH BACKUP/CMDsB USING SPECIAL/FIX
PURGE [file]:drive [(QUERY=NO,MPW ="password"
INVSYS, DATE ="date")]
Deletes files, (fife can be apartial name.)
PURGE :0 (MPW="SECRET")
PURGE /BAS:1 (Q=N)
REMOVE iile [file] ...
Deletes files from the directory.
REMOVE ALPHA/DAT :0 BREAKER/DAT :

REMOVE device [device] ...
Removes devices from the device table.
REMOVE *LU
RENAME filel [TO] file2
RENAME device 1[TO] device2
Changes the name of afile or device.
RENAME TEXT/DAT :0 TO OLD/DAT
RENAME *UD TO *TX
REPAIR :drive
Updates system information on disks which were
formatted under Model ITRSDOS.
REPAIR :1
RESET device
RESET me
Returns adevice to its original start-up condition.
Closes an open file.
RESET *PR RESET PRINTER/DAT
ROUTE device 1[TO] device2
ROUTE device [TO] file [(REWIND)]
ROUTE device (NIL)
Routes adevice to another device, to adisk file, or to
nothing (NIL).
ROUTE *PR *D0
ROUTE #PR TO PRINTER/DAT
[RUN] [(X)] file [(command text)]
Loads and executes aprogram, command text is
optional values the program may require.
RUN CONTROL/CMD CONTROL/CMD
SET device [TO] driver file [(parameters)]
Assigns adriver program to adevice, parameters are
optional values the driver program may require.
SET *SP TO SERIAL/DRV
SET phantom device [TO] filter file [USING]
[parameters]
Assigns afilter program to aphantom device.
parameters are optional values the filter program may
require.
SET #LC TO TRAP/FLT
SETCOM [(DEFAULT, BAUD -number, WORD -
number, STOP =number, PARITY -switch, QUERY,
BREAK=value.EVEN.ODD)]
Sets up RS-232C communications or display status.
SETCOM <BAUD=300 ,W0RD=8 ,STOP=i .
PARITY=OFF)

SETKI [(DEFAULT, RATE =number, WAIT= number
QUERY)]
Sets keyboard repeat values. (SETKI by itself displays
current values.)
SETKI <DELAY=15)
SPOOL [device] [TO] [file] (NO, MEM =number,
BANK =number, DISK =number, PAUSE
RESUME.CLEAR)
Establishes an output buffer for adevice.
SPOOL *PR TO TEXTFILE:0
<MEM=5»DISK=15> SPOOL *PR (NO)
SYSGEN [(switch)] [(DRIVE =drive)]
Stores current system options in afile (CONFIG/SYS)
on drive. If switch is NO, the configuration file is
removed.
SYSGEN (YES) (DRIVE=4) SYSGEN (NO)
SYSTEM (parameters)
Selects certain options of yourTRSDOS system. In
the following SYSTEM commands, switch is YES or
NO.
SYSTEM (ALIVEf switch])
Displays amoving character when task processor is
running.
SYSTEM (BLINK =siv/fcW
SYSTEM (BLINK --number)
SYSTEM (BLINK,[LARGE,SMALL])
Control the cursor character.
SYSTEM (BREAK[ switch])
Enables or disables BREAK key.
SYSTEM (DATE[ =switch])
Turns on or off the start-up date prompt.
SYSTEM (DRIVE =drive, [CYL =number,
DELAY=NO/YES, DISABLE, ENABLE,
DRIVER = "file", WP%yjw/fcn]3
Sets parameters for drive.
SYSTEM (SYSRES =number)
Adds TRSDOS system overlays into high memory
SYSTEM (SYSTEM
=
drive)
Assigns drive as system drive.
SYSTEM (TIME[ =siv/fch])
Turns on or off the start-up time prompt.
SYSTEM (TRACE[=sMch])
Displays contents of Program Counter.
SYSTEM (TYPE[ =switch])
Turns on or off the Kf/DVR type-ahead feature.
10

TAPE 100
TAPE100 filel [TO] Iile2 (READ.WRITE)
Reads aModel 100 cassette tape file and writes it to a
disk file, or reads adisk file and writes it to cassette
tape.
TAPE100 PRNTER TO PR INT/DAT :(READ)
TIME [hh:mm:ss] [(CLOCK =YES/NO)]
Sets the time or displays current time.
TIME TIME 12:23:34
VERIFY [(switch)]
Sets VERIFY function on or off.
VERIFY (YES) VERIFY (NO)

Error Messages
Number Message Explanation/
Action
7
X'07'
Attempted to read
locked/deleted data
record
Check for error in
program
6
X'06'
Attempted to read
system data record Check for error in
program
5
X'05'
Data record not
found during read
Try again; use
another disk; refor-
mat old disk
13
X'OD' Data record not
found during write
Try again; use
another disk
39
X'27'
Device in use Reset device in use
before REMOVEing it
8
X'08'
Device not available Check device specifi-
cation; make sure
peripheral is ready
30
X'1E'
Directory full— can't
extend file
Copy files to new
disk
17
X'11'
Directory read error Try another drive or
disk
18
X'12'
Directory write error Try another disk
27
X'1B'
Disk space full Write file to adisk
with more available
space
28
X'1C End of file encountered Check for error in
program
63 Extended error Error code is in HL
register
25
X'19'
File access denied Use correct pass-
word; use no pass-
word for unprotected
file
41
X'29'
File already open Use RESET to close
the file
24
X'18'
File not in directory Check spelling of
filespec
38
X'26'
File not open Open file before
access
20
X'14' GAT read error Try another drive
21
X'15' GAT write error Try another drive or disk
22
X'16' HIT read error Try another drive
1Q

23
X' 17'
HIT write error Try another drive or
disk
37
X'25'
Illegal access
attempted to pro-
tected file
OWNER password is
required for the
requested access
32
X'20'
Illegal drive number Drive is not in system
or not ready for
access
19
X'13'
Illegal file name Use proper filespec
syntax
16
X'10'
Illegal logical file
number Check for error in program
34
X'22' Load file format error Attempt was made to load anon-program
file
3
X'03'
Lost data during read Try another drive or
disk
11
X'OB' Lost data during write
Try another drive or
disk
42
X'2A' LRL open fault COPY file to another
file that has the spec-
ified LRL
33
X'21' No device space available REMOVE non- system devices to
provide more space
26
X'lA' No directory space available
Use adifferent disk
or REMOVE
unwanted files
X'OO' No error Check for error in program
1
X'or Parity error during header read
Try another drive or
disk
9
X'C)9'
Parity error during
header write
Try another drive or
disk
4
X'04'
Parity error during
read
Try another drive or
disk
12
X'OC Parity error during write
Try another drive or
disk
31
X'1F'
Program not found Check spelling of
filespec; check for
proper disk in drive
40
X'28'
Protected system
device System devices can-
not be REMOVEd
29 Record number out
X'lD' of range Provide correct
record number or try
another copy of the
file
14

2
X'02' Seek error during read Set step rate with
SYSTEM command
or try another drive or
disk
10
X'OA' Seek error during write
Set step rate with
SYSTEM command
or try another drive or
disk
—Unknown error code Check for error in
program
14
X'OE' Write fault on disk drive
Try another disk or
drive
15
X'OE' Write protected disk Remove write-
protect tab or write
enable disk using
SYSTEM command
15

BASIC Statements
and Functions
Terms:
integer:
Awhole number from -32768 to 32767
string:
asequence of characters which is to be taken
verbatim
dummy number or dummy string:
anumber or string used in an expression to meet
syntactic requirements, but whose value is
insignificant.
ABS (number)
Computes the absolute value of number.
Y=ABS(X)
ASC (string)
Returns the ASCII code for the first character of string.
PRINT ASC ("A")
ATN (number)
Computes the arctangent of number, returns the value
in radians.
Y=ATN(X/3)
AUTO [line] [.increment]
Automatical ly generates line numbers every time you
press (enter).AUTO begins numbering at line and
displays the next line using increment.
AUTO AUTO 1000, 100 AUTO ,5
CALL address [parameter list]
Transfers program control to an assembly-language
subroutine stored at address. The parameter list
contains the values to be passed to the external
subroutine.
CDBL (number)
Converts number to double precision.
Y« =CDBL(N*3)
CHRS (code)
Returns the corresponding character of the ASCII or
control code.
PRINT CHR$(35)
17

CHAIN [MERGE] Mespec [.line] [ALL] [.DELETE
line -line]
Loads aBASIC program named filespec, chains it to a
"main" program, and begins running it. The line is the
first line to be run in the CHAINed program. The ALL
option passes every variable in the main program to
the CHAINed program. The MERGE option "overlays"
the lines of filespec with the main program. The
DELETE option erases lines in the overlay so that you
can MERGE in anew overlay.
CINT(flumber)
Converts number to integer representation.
PRINT CINTU7.G5)
CLEAR [.memory location] [.stack space]
Clears the value of all variables and closes all open
files. Optionally, it also sets the highest memory
location for BASIC and the amount of stack space.
CLEAR CLEAR, 75 CLEAR, G1000, 20E
CLOSE buffer,...
Closes access to afile. The buffer number (the same
used to OPEN the file) may be from 1to 15.
CLOSE 1,2,8
CLOSE FIRSTX +COUNT'*.
CLS
Clears the screen.
CLS
COMMON variable,...
Passes one or more variables to aCHAINed program.
100 COMMON A,B,C,D( ) , G*
110 CHAIN "PR0G3" ,10
CONT
Resumes execution of aprogram when it has been
stopped by the (break) key or by aSTOP or an END
statement in the program.
CONT
COS (number)
Computes the cosine of number.
Y=C0S(X *.01745323)
CSNG (number)
Converts number to single precision.
CSNG( .1453885509)
CVt>(8-byte string)
Restores the string value to anumeric value.
A* =COD (GR0S5PAY*)
18

CVI (2-byte string)
Restores the string value to anumeric value.
CVS (4-byte siring)
Restores the string value to a numeric value.
DATA constant,...
Stores numeric and string constants to be accessed
by aREAD statement.
1340 DATA NEW YORK. CHICAGO, LOS
ANGELES, PHILADELPHIA, DETROIT
1350 DATA 2.72, 3.14159, 0.0174533,
57.29578
DATES
Returns today's date.
PRINT DATE*
DEFDBL/INT/SNG/STR
DEFDBL letter ,., .
DEFINT letter:
DEFSNG letter:
DEFSTR letten
Defines any variables beginning with the letter(s) as:
(DBL) double precision, (INT) integer, (SNG) single
precision, or (STR) string.
10 DEFDBL L-P 10 DEFINT I-N, W, Z
10 DEFSNG I, Q-T 10 DEFSTR A
DEF FN iunction name [(argument....')] =function
definition
Defines function name according to function
definition. The argument represents those variables in
the function definition that are to be replaced when the
function is called.
DEF FNR=RND(90)+9
DEFUSR [digit] =address
Defines the starting address for digit assembly-
language subroutines.
DEFUSR3 =&H7D00
DEFUSR =(BASE +IB)
DELETE linel -line2
Deletes from linel to Iine2 of aprogram in memory.
DELETE 70 DELETE 50-110 DELETE
DIM array (dimension(s)), array (dimension(s)),...
Sets aside storage for the arrays with the dimensions
you specify.
DIM AR(100) DIM L1I(B,25)
19

EDIT line
tnters the edit mode so that you can edit line
EDIT 100 EDIT
END
Ends execution of aprogram.
END
EOF(buiter)
Detects the end of afile.
IF EOF(i) THEN GOTO 1540
ERASE array,...
Erases one or more arrays from aprogram.
ERASE C.F
EEL
Returns the line number in which an error has
occurred.
PRINT ERL E=ERL
ERR
Returns the error code (if an error has occurred).
IF ERR =7THEN 1000 ELSE 2000
iuKKv
Returns asystem error number and message.
PRINT "THE LATEST TRSDOS ERROR IS
"5 ERR*
ERROR code
Simulates the error associated with code during
program execution.
ERROR 1
EXP (number)
Calculates the natural exponential of number.
PRINT EXP<-2)
FIELD butter, length AS Held name,...
Divides adirect-access buffer into one or more fields.
Each field is identified by the field name and is the
length you specify.
FIELD 3, 128 AS A* ,128 AS B*
FIX (number)
Returns the truncated integer of number.
PRINT FIX(2.B)
20

FOR/NEXT
FOR variable =initial value TO iinal value [STEP
increment
Establishes aprogram loop.
20 FOR H=l TO 2STEP -2
FEE(dummynumber)
Returns the amount of free memory space.
PRINT FRE<44)
FEE(dummystring)
Returns the amount of free string space.
PRINT FRE<"44">
GET buffer [.record number]
Gets arecord from adirect disk file and places it in a
buffer.
GET iGET tf25
GOSUB line
Goes to asubroutine, beginning at the specified line.
GOSUB 1000
GOTO line
Goes to the specified line.
GOTO 100
HEX$ (number)
Calculates the hexadecimal value of number.
PRINT HEX$(30), HEX* (50), HEX*<90>
IF.. .THEN.. .ELSE
IF expression THEN statement(s) or line ELSE
[statement(s)] or [line]
Tests aconditional expression and makes adecision
regarding program flow.
IF X>127 THEN PRINT "OUT OF
RANGE" :END
IF A<BTHEN PRINT "A <B" ELSE
PRINT "B <A"
INKEY$
Returns akeyboard character.
A* =INKEY*
INP(porf)
Returns the byte read from aport. Port may be any
integer from to 255.
100 A=INP(255)
21

INPUTS (number [.butter])
Inputs astring of number characters from either the
keyboard or asequential disk file. The number must be
avalue from 1to 255.
A$ =INPUT$(5) A$ =INPUT$(11,3>
INPUT ["prompt string";] variable I, variable2....
Inputs data to aprogram during execution.
INPUT \'Z
INPUT# butter, variable,...
Inputs data from asequential disk file into one or more
variables.
INPUTS ,A, BINPUT**4, A$ ,B$ ,C$
WSTR([integer],stringl. string 2)
Searches for the first occurrence of string 2in string 1
and returns the position at which the match is found.
INSTR(A*. "12")
im(number)
Converts number to integer value.
PRINT INT<79,89>
LEVT$(string, integer)
Returns all characters left of position integer in the
string.
PRINT LEFT$< "BATTLESHIPS" ,B)
LEN(string)
Returns the number of characters in string.
X=LEN(SENTENCE$>
KILL filespec from the disk.
KILL "FILE/BAS" KILL "DATA:2"
LET variable =expression
Assigns the value of expression to variable.
LET A$ ="A ROSE IS AROSE"
LET Bl =1.23
LINE INPUT[;] [prompt message;] string variable
Inputs aline from the keyboard.
LINE INPUT A$
LINE INPUT# butter, variable
Reads aline of data from asequential-access file into
astring variable. The buffer is the number used when
the file was OPENed.
LINE INPUT** 1,A$
22

LIST [startline] -[endline]
Lists program lines to the display.
LIST 50 LIST 50-85 LIST-227
LLIST [startline] -[endline]
Lists program lines to the line printer.
LLIST 780 LLIST 50- LLIST.
-
LOAD filespec [R]
Loads filespec, aBASIC program, into memory. If Ris
used, the program is RUN automatically.
LOAD "PR0G1/BAS:2"
LOAD "PR0G1/BAS"
LOC buffer
Returns the current record number.
IF L0C(1)>55 THEN END
LOF buffer
Returns the end-of-file record number.
Y=L0F(5)
LOG(number)
Computes the natural logarithm of number.
PRINT LOGO, 14159)
Z=10*LOG(PS/P1)
LPOS (number)
Returns the position of the line printer's print head
within the line printer's buffer.
100 IF LPOS(X) >G0THEN PRINT CHR$(13)
LPRINT data...
Prints data at the printer.
LPRINT (A *2)/3
LPRINT USING format; data,...
Prints data at line printer, using aspecified format.
LPRINT USING "####,#"; 2,17
LSET field name =data
Sets dafa in adirect-access buffer field name. The
data is left-justified.
LSET NM$ ="JIM CRICKET, JR."
MEM
Returns the amount of memory.
PRINT MEM
23