R&S ZNC Series User manual

R&S® ZNC/ZND
Vector Network Analyzers
User Manual
User Manual
Version 37
1173955702
(;×íÇ2)

This manual describes the following vector network analyzer types:
●R&S®ZNC3 (2 ports, 9 kHz to 3 GHz, N connectors), order no. 1311.6004K12
Hardware Options
–R&S®ZNC-B10 "GPIB Interface", order no. 1316.1617.02
–R&S®ZN-B14 "Handler I/O", order no. 1316.2459.05
–R&S®ZNC-B19 "Additional Removable Hard Disk, 32 bit IPS1", order no. 1323.9503.02
–R&S®ZNC-B19 "Additional Removable Hard Disk, 64 bit IPS2", order no. 1323.9503.08
–R&S®ZNC3-B22 "Extended Power Range for R&S®ZNC3", order no. 1316.1752.02
Software Options
–R&S®ZNC-K2 "Time Domain Analysis", order no. 1316.1630.02
–R&S®ZNC-K19 "1 mHz Frequency Resolution", order no. 1317.8596.02
●R&S®ZND (2 ports, 100 kHz to 4.5 GHz, unidirectional, N connectors), order no. 1328.5170.92
Hardware Options
–R&S®ZND-B7 "High Output Power", order no. 1338.1578.02
–R&S®ZND-B10 "GPIB Interface", order no. 1328.5358.02
–R&S®ZN-B14 "Handler I/O", order no. 1316.2459.05
Software Options
–R&S®ZND-K1 "Frequency range extension to 8.5 GHz for unidirectional instrument", order no.
1328.5306.02
(not compatible with R&S®ZND-K5 and R&S®ZND-K8)
–R&S®ZND-K2 "Time Domain (TDR)", order no. 1328.5393.02
–R&S®ZND-K5 "Bidirectional measurements 100 kHz to 4.5 GHz", order no. 1328.5312.02
(not compatible with R&S®ZND-K1 and R&S®ZND-K6)
–R&S®ZND-K6 "Bidirectional measurements 100 kHz to 8.5 GHz", order no. 1328.5329.02
(requires R&S®ZND-K1; not compatible with R&S®ZND-K5 and R&S®ZND-K8)
–R&S®ZND-K8 "Frequency range extension to 8.5 GHz for bidirectional instrument", order no.
1328.5412.02
(requires R&S®ZND-K5; not compatible with R&S®ZND-K1 and R&S®ZND-K6)
–R&S®ZND-K7 "Extended Power Range", order no. 1328.5335.02
–R&S®ZND-K19 "1 mHz Frequency Resolution", order no. 1326.8089.02
© 2019 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: [phone] - 0
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1173.9557.02 | Version 37 | R&S® ZNC/ZND
Throughout this manual, R&S® is abbreviated as R&S.

Contents
R&S® ZNC/ZND
3User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................. 13
1.1 Documentation Overview........................................................................................... 13
1.1.1 Getting Started Manual................................................................................................. 13
1.1.2 User Manual and Help.................................................................................................. 13
1.1.3 Service Manual............................................................................................................. 13
1.1.4 Instrument Security Procedures....................................................................................14
1.1.5 Basic Safety Instructions...............................................................................................14
1.1.6 Data Sheets and Brochures.......................................................................................... 14
1.1.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA).......................................... 14
1.1.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc..............................................14
1.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation.................................................................15
1.2.1 Typographical Conventions...........................................................................................15
1.2.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions.......................................................................15
1.2.3 Notes on Screenshots...................................................................................................15
2 Safety Information................................................................................16
3 Release Notes for Firmware V2.94..................................................... 17
4 Getting Started..................................................................................... 18
4.1 Putting the Analyzer into Operation..........................................................................18
4.1.1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument...................................................................... 18
4.1.2 Positioning the Instrument.............................................................................................19
4.1.3 Bench Top Operation.................................................................................................... 19
4.1.4 Operation in a 19" Rack................................................................................................ 20
4.1.5 EMI Suppression...........................................................................................................20
4.1.6 Connecting the Analyzer to the AC Supply................................................................... 21
4.1.7 Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down..................................................................... 21
4.1.8 Standby and Ready State............................................................................................. 22
4.1.9 Connecting External Accessories................................................................................. 22
4.1.10 Minimizing the VNA Application.................................................................................... 25
4.2 Instrument Tour...........................................................................................................26
4.2.1 Front Panel....................................................................................................................26

Contents
R&S® ZNC/ZND
4User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
4.2.2 Rear Panel.................................................................................................................... 32
4.3 Operating the Instrument........................................................................................... 34
4.3.1 Manual Operation .........................................................................................................35
4.3.2 Control Elements of the Application Window................................................................ 39
4.3.3 Working with Dialogs.....................................................................................................45
4.3.4 Handling Diagrams, Traces, and Markers.....................................................................46
4.3.5 Entering Data................................................................................................................ 50
4.3.6 Scaling Diagrams.......................................................................................................... 53
4.4 Performing Measurements.........................................................................................58
4.4.1 Transmission S-Parameter Measurement.....................................................................59
4.4.2 Reflection S-Parameter Measurement..........................................................................66
5 Concepts and Features....................................................................... 68
5.1 Basic Concepts........................................................................................................... 68
5.1.1 Global (Persistent) Settings.......................................................................................... 68
5.1.2 Recall Sets.................................................................................................................... 69
5.1.3 Traces, Channels and Diagrams...................................................................................69
5.1.4 Sweep Control...............................................................................................................71
5.1.5 Data Flow...................................................................................................................... 75
5.2 Screen Elements......................................................................................................... 77
5.2.1 Display Elements of a Diagram.....................................................................................77
5.2.2 Dialogs.......................................................................................................................... 88
5.2.3 Trace Formats............................................................................................................... 91
5.3 Measurement Results................................................................................................. 99
5.3.1 S-Parameters................................................................................................................ 99
5.3.2 Impedance Parameters...............................................................................................101
5.3.3 Admittance Parameters...............................................................................................103
5.3.4 Wave Quantities and Ratios........................................................................................105
5.3.5 Unbalance-Balance Conversion..................................................................................109
5.3.6 Reference Impedances................................................................................................111
5.3.7 Stability Factors...........................................................................................................113
5.3.8 Delay, Aperture, Electrical Length............................................................................... 114
5.4 Operations on Traces................................................................................................115
5.4.1 Limit Check..................................................................................................................115

Contents
R&S® ZNC/ZND
5User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
5.4.2 Trace Files...................................................................................................................120
5.5 Calibration................................................................................................................. 125
5.5.1 Calibration Types........................................................................................................ 126
5.5.2 Calibration Standards and Calibration Kits................................................................. 137
5.5.3 Calibration Pool...........................................................................................................143
5.5.4 Calibration Labels....................................................................................................... 143
5.5.5 Automatic Calibration.................................................................................................. 143
5.5.6 Scalar Power Calibration.............................................................................................149
5.5.7 Parallel Calibration of Multiple Channels.................................................................... 154
5.6 Offset Parameters and Embedding......................................................................... 155
5.6.1 Offset Parameters....................................................................................................... 155
5.6.2 Embedding and Deembedding....................................................................................161
5.7 Optional Extensions and Accessories....................................................................173
5.7.1 Frequency Range Extension to 8.5 GHz for unidirectional R&S ZND........................ 173
5.7.2 Bidirectional Measurements 100 kHz to 4.5 GHz for R&S ZND................................. 174
5.7.3 Bidirectional Measurements 100 kHz to 8.5 GHz for R&S ZND................................. 174
5.7.4 Frequency Range Extension to 8.5 GHz for bidirectional R&S ZND.......................... 174
5.7.5 Time Domain Analysis.................................................................................................174
5.7.6 Frequency Resolution 1 mHz......................................................................................182
5.7.7 High Output Power for R&S ZND................................................................................182
5.7.8 GPIB Interface.............................................................................................................182
5.7.9 Handler I/O (Universal Interface)................................................................................ 182
5.7.10 Additional Removable System Drive...........................................................................183
5.7.11 Extended Power Range.............................................................................................. 183
5.7.12 External Power Meters................................................................................................183
6 GUI Reference.................................................................................... 186
6.1 Function Keys and Softtools................................................................................... 186
6.2 Meas Softtool.............................................................................................................188
6.2.1 S-Params Tab............................................................................................................. 188
6.2.2 Ratios Tab................................................................................................................... 197
6.2.3 Wave Tab.................................................................................................................... 200
6.2.4 Z←Sij Tab....................................................................................................................203
6.2.5 Y←Sij Tab................................................................................................................... 205

Contents
R&S® ZNC/ZND
6User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
6.2.6 Y-Z-Params Tab.......................................................................................................... 206
6.2.7 Stability Tab.................................................................................................................208
6.2.8 Power Sensor Tab.......................................................................................................210
6.3 Format Softtool..........................................................................................................211
6.4 Scale Softtool............................................................................................................ 217
6.4.1 Scale Values Tab.........................................................................................................218
6.4.2 Scale Coupling Tab..................................................................................................... 220
6.4.3 Zoom Tab.................................................................................................................... 221
6.5 Trace Config Softtool................................................................................................223
6.5.1 Traces Tab...................................................................................................................223
6.5.2 Mem Math Tab............................................................................................................ 228
6.5.3 All Mem All Data Tab...................................................................................................235
6.5.4 Time Domain Tab........................................................................................................ 237
6.5.5 Time Gate Tab.............................................................................................................241
6.5.6 Trace Statistics Tab..................................................................................................... 243
6.5.7 Smooth Shift Hold Tab................................................................................................ 248
6.5.8 Trace Data Tab............................................................................................................251
6.6 Lines Softtool............................................................................................................ 258
6.6.1 Limit Test Tab.............................................................................................................. 258
6.6.2 Ripple Test Tab............................................................................................................266
6.6.3 Circle Test Tab.............................................................................................................270
6.6.4 Display Circle Tab....................................................................................................... 273
6.6.5 Horiz. Line Tab............................................................................................................ 275
6.7 Marker Softtool..........................................................................................................276
6.7.1 Markers Tab................................................................................................................ 276
6.7.2 Marker Props Tab........................................................................................................278
6.7.3 Marker Search Tab......................................................................................................281
6.7.4 Multiple Peak Tab........................................................................................................285
6.7.5 Target Search Tab....................................................................................................... 286
6.7.6 Bandfilter Tab.............................................................................................................. 288
6.7.7 Set by Marker Tab....................................................................................................... 293
6.7.8 Info Field Tab...............................................................................................................294
6.8 Stimulus Softtool...................................................................................................... 295

Contents
R&S® ZNC/ZND
7User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
6.8.1 Stimulus Tab................................................................................................................295
6.8.2 Power Tab................................................................................................................... 297
6.8.3 Time Domain X-Axis Tab.............................................................................................298
6.9 Power Bw Avg Softtool.............................................................................................300
6.9.1 Power Tab................................................................................................................... 300
6.9.2 Bandwidth Tab.............................................................................................................300
6.9.3 Average Tab................................................................................................................ 301
6.10 Sweep Softtool.......................................................................................................... 303
6.10.1 Sweep Params Tab..................................................................................................... 303
6.10.2 Sweep Type Tab..........................................................................................................306
6.10.3 Sweep Control Tab......................................................................................................316
6.11 Cal Softtool................................................................................................................ 320
6.11.1 Start Cal Tab............................................................................................................... 320
6.11.2 Cal Devices Tab.......................................................................................................... 341
6.11.3 Pwr Cal Settings Tab...................................................................................................354
6.11.4 Use Cal Tab.................................................................................................................360
6.12 Channel Config Softtool........................................................................................... 365
6.12.1 Channels Tab.............................................................................................................. 365
6.12.2 Mode Tab.................................................................................................................... 369
6.12.3 Pwr Cal Settings Tab...................................................................................................374
6.13 Trigger Softtool......................................................................................................... 374
6.13.1 Trigger Tab.................................................................................................................. 374
6.13.2 Sweep Control Tab......................................................................................................379
6.14 Offset Embed Softtool.............................................................................................. 379
6.14.1 Offset Embed Dock Widget.........................................................................................379
6.14.2 Offset Tab.................................................................................................................... 387
6.14.3 One Way Loss Tab...................................................................................................... 393
6.14.4 Single Ended Tab........................................................................................................ 395
6.14.5 Fixture Modeling Dialog.............................................................................................. 398
6.14.6 Port Sets Tab...............................................................................................................407
6.14.7 Balanced Tab.............................................................................................................. 410
6.14.8 Ground Loop Tab........................................................................................................ 412
6.14.9 Differential Match Tab..................................................................................................414

Contents
R&S® ZNC/ZND
8User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
6.14.10 Config Tab................................................................................................................... 416
6.15 File Softtool............................................................................................................... 417
6.15.1 Recall Sets Tab........................................................................................................... 418
6.15.2 Favorites Tab...............................................................................................................420
6.15.3 Print Tab...................................................................................................................... 421
6.15.4 Trace Data Tab............................................................................................................421
6.15.5 More Tab..................................................................................................................... 421
6.16 Print Softtool............................................................................................................. 422
6.16.1 Print Tab...................................................................................................................... 422
6.16.2 Printer Setup Dialog.................................................................................................... 423
6.17 Applic Softtool...........................................................................................................424
6.17.1 External Tools Application........................................................................................... 424
6.18 Display Softtool.........................................................................................................426
6.18.1 Diagram Tab................................................................................................................426
6.18.2 Split Tab...................................................................................................................... 430
6.18.3 Config Tab................................................................................................................... 432
6.18.4 View Bar Tab............................................................................................................... 437
6.18.5 Touchscreen Tab......................................................................................................... 438
6.19 Setup Softtool............................................................................................................439
6.19.1 Setup Tab.................................................................................................................... 439
6.19.2 Freq. Ref. Tab............................................................................................................. 453
6.19.3 Remote Settings Tab...................................................................................................454
6.19.4 External Devices Tab.................................................................................................. 457
6.20 Help Softtool..............................................................................................................462
6.21 Additional Function Keys.........................................................................................463
7 Remote Control.................................................................................. 465
7.1 Introduction to Remote Control...............................................................................465
7.1.1 Starting a Remote Control Session.............................................................................466
7.1.2 GPIB Explorer............................................................................................................. 466
7.1.3 Switchover to Remote Control.................................................................................... 468
7.1.4 Combining Manual and Remote Control..................................................................... 471
7.2 Messages................................................................................................................... 472
7.2.1 Device Messages (Commands and Device Responses)............................................ 472

Contents
R&S® ZNC/ZND
9User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
7.2.2 SCPI Command Structure and Syntax........................................................................472
7.2.3 SCPI Parameters........................................................................................................ 476
7.3 Basic Remote Control Concepts............................................................................. 478
7.3.1 Traces, Channels, and Diagram Areas....................................................................... 478
7.3.2 Active Traces in Remote Control.................................................................................479
7.3.3 Initiating Measurements, Speed Considerations.........................................................480
7.3.4 Addressing Traces and Channels............................................................................... 481
7.4 Command Processing.............................................................................................. 482
7.4.1 Input Unit.....................................................................................................................482
7.4.2 Command Recognition................................................................................................483
7.4.3 Data Base and Instrument Hardware..........................................................................483
7.4.4 Status Reporting System............................................................................................ 484
7.4.5 Output Unit.................................................................................................................. 484
7.4.6 Command Sequence and Command Synchronization............................................... 484
7.5 Status Reporting System......................................................................................... 486
7.5.1 Overview of Status Registers......................................................................................487
7.5.2 Structure of an SCPI Status Register..........................................................................487
7.5.3 Contents of the Status Registers................................................................................ 489
7.5.4 Application of the Status Reporting System................................................................496
7.5.5 Reset Values of the Status Reporting System............................................................ 499
8 Command Reference......................................................................... 500
8.1 Special Terms and Notation..................................................................................... 500
8.1.1 Upper/Lower Case...................................................................................................... 501
8.1.2 Special Characters......................................................................................................501
8.1.3 Parameters..................................................................................................................501
8.1.4 Numeric Suffixes......................................................................................................... 501
8.2 Common Commands................................................................................................ 502
8.3 SCPI Command Reference.......................................................................................503
8.3.1 CALCulate Commands............................................................................................... 504
8.3.2 CONFigure Commands...............................................................................................652
8.3.3 CONTrol Commands...................................................................................................659
8.3.4 DIAGnostic Commands...............................................................................................668
8.3.5 DISPlay Commands....................................................................................................670

Contents
R&S® ZNC/ZND
10User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
8.3.6 FORMat Commands................................................................................................... 694
8.3.7 HCOPy Commands.....................................................................................................696
8.3.8 INITiate Commands.................................................................................................... 700
8.3.9 INSTrument Commands..............................................................................................703
8.3.10 MEMory.......................................................................................................................704
8.3.11 MMEMory Commands................................................................................................ 706
8.3.12 OUTPut Commands....................................................................................................743
8.3.13 PROGram Commands................................................................................................ 748
8.3.14 [SENSe:] Commands.................................................................................................. 751
8.3.15 SOURce Commands...................................................................................................849
8.3.16 STATus Commands.....................................................................................................872
8.3.17 SYSTem Commands...................................................................................................875
8.3.18 TRACe Commands..................................................................................................... 901
8.3.19 TRIGger Commands................................................................................................... 904
8.4 R&S ZVR/ZVABT Compatible Commands...............................................................911
9 Programming Examples....................................................................935
9.1 Basic Tasks................................................................................................................935
9.1.1 Typical Stages of a Remote Control Program.............................................................935
9.1.2 Channel, Trace and Diagram Handling....................................................................... 938
9.2 Condensed Programming Examples...................................................................... 944
9.2.1 Path Independent RC Programs................................................................................. 944
9.2.2 Trace and Diagram Handling...................................................................................... 945
9.2.3 Using Markers............................................................................................................. 954
9.2.4 Data Handling............................................................................................................. 956
9.2.5 Calibration................................................................................................................... 960
9.2.6 Fixture Modeling..........................................................................................................965
10 Error Messages and Troubleshooting..............................................967
10.1 Errors during Firmware Operation.......................................................................... 967
10.1.1 Asynchronous Errors...................................................................................................968
10.1.2 Errors during Measurement........................................................................................ 968
10.2 Errors during Firmware Installation/Update........................................................... 969
10.3 Obtaining Technical Support................................................................................... 970

Contents
R&S® ZNC/ZND
11User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
11 Annexes.............................................................................................. 971
11.1 Administrative Tasks................................................................................................ 971
11.1.1 Windows Operating System........................................................................................971
11.1.2 Firmware Update.........................................................................................................972
11.1.3 Remote Operation in a LAN........................................................................................ 972
11.2 System Recovery...................................................................................................... 976
11.3 Interfaces and Connectors.......................................................................................977
11.3.1 Rear Panel Connectors...............................................................................................977
11.3.2 LAN Interface.............................................................................................................. 979
11.3.3 GPIB Interface.............................................................................................................979
11.3.4 Handler I/O (Universal Interface)................................................................................ 983
11.4 Maintenance.............................................................................................................. 991
11.4.1 Cleaning...................................................................................................................... 991
11.4.2 Storing and Packing the Instrument............................................................................ 992
11.4.3 Replacing Fuses......................................................................................................... 992
11.5 Showroom Mode....................................................................................................... 992
11.6 ENA Emulation Commands......................................................................................993
Glossary: Frequently Used Terms..................................................1001
List of Commands............................................................................1007
Index..................................................................................................1024

Contents
R&S® ZNC/ZND
12User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37

Preface
R&S® ZNC/ZND
13User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
1 Preface
This chapter provides safety-related information, an overview of the user documenta-
tion and the conventions used in the documentation.
1.1 Documentation Overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S ZNC/ZND user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S ZNC/ZND product page at:
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZNC
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZND
1.1.1 Getting Started Manual
Introduces the R&S ZNC/ZND and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general infor-
mation, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for down-
load on the Internet.
1.1.2 User Manual and Help
The user manual contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also
provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control
commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
The contents of the user manual is available as help in the R&S ZNC/ZND. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the instrument
and its firmware.
The user manual is also available for download or for immediate display on the Inter-
net.
1.1.3 Service Manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replace-
ment and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
●R&S ZNC Service Manual
Documentation Overview

Preface
R&S® ZNC/ZND
14User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
●R&S ZND Service Manual
1.1.4 Instrument Security Procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S ZNC/ZND in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
1.1.5 Basic Safety Instructions
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information.
The printed document is delivered with the instrument.
1.1.6 Data Sheets and Brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S ZNC/ZND. It also lists
the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific char-
acteristics.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZNC
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZND
1.1.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/ZNC
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/ZND
1.1.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particu-
lar topics.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/ZNC
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/ZND
Documentation Overview

Preface
R&S® ZNC/ZND
15User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
1.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation
1.2.1 Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
"Graphical user interface ele-
ments"
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
File names, commands,
program code
File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distin-
guished by their font.
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
tion marks.
1.2.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions
When operating the instrument, several alternative methods may be available to per-
form the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen is described.
Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an addition-
ally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or
the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating pro-
cedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on the
touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on a key-
board.
1.2.3 Notes on Screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options instal-
led. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your par-
ticular product configuration.
Conventions Used in the Documentation

Safety Information
R&S® ZNC/ZND
16User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
2 Safety Information
The product documentation helps you use the R&S ZNC/ZND safely and efficiently.
Follow the instructions provided here and in the printed "Basic Safety Instructions".
Keep the product documentation nearby and offer it to other users.
Intended use
The R&S ZNC/ZND is intended for the development, production and verification of
electronic components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environ-
ments. Use the R&S ZNC/ZND only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating
conditions and performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you about the poten-
tial dangers and gives instructions how to prevent personal injuries or damage caused
by dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●The printed "Basic Safety Instructions" provide safety information in many lan-
guages and are delivered with the R&S ZNC/ZND.
●Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.

Release Notes for Firmware V2.94
R&S® ZNC/ZND
17User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
3 Release Notes for Firmware V2.94
Version 2.94 of the R&S ZNC/ZND firmware provides the following changes:
New Functionality
●Windows 10 support
– New R&S ZND ship with Windows 10 (64bit)
– Analyzer firmware V2.94 or higher supports Windows 10 and Windows 7
– Windows edition, version and build are now part of the analyzer's hardware info
For the R&S ZND, upgrade kits Windows 7 → Windows 10 and additional remova-
ble system drives with Windows 10 are also available
Improvements
●Up to 100 trace colors in user-defined color schemes
See "Number of Trace Colors" on page 445
●Ports sets for offset de-/embedding: the "port set number" is now indicated in the
"Port Set" selection combo boxes
●Fixture Compensation calculation now uses the configured Freq for Loss instead of
a fixed reference frequency of 1 GHz
●Marker tracking now also works for coupled markers
●Touchstone file export dialog (free configuration): selected ports and port order can
be preserved per recall set
See "Save Settings in Recall Set" on page 258
●Optimized calculation of time domain traces if balanced ports are configured and
distance is used as the x-axis
Solved Issues
●For a unidirectional R&S ZND, the "S-Parameter Wizard" could not be finished
without calibration
●"Low Pass Step" time domain representation (R&S ZNC/ZND-K2): DC extrapola-
tion did only work for S-parameter traces
●Fixture measurement data were not always stored with s1p file name extension
●In presence of single-ended and balanced ports, sometimes the impedance
renormalization was not applied
Downgrade to a firmware version < 2.40
In order to downgrade the firmware from a version ≥ 2.40 to a version < 2.40, it is
required to uninstall the "R&S ZNBC Compass Webserver" using the Windows "Pro-
grams and Features" control panel before proceeding with the installation.
Firmware version
► To check your R&S ZNC/ZND firmware version, select "Help" > "About..." from the
main menu.

Getting Started
R&S® ZNC/ZND
18User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
4 Getting Started
4.1 Putting the Analyzer into Operation
This section describes the basic steps to be taken when setting up the analyzer for the
first time.
Simple measurement examples are provided in Chapter 4.4, "Performing Measure-
ments", on page 58; for a description of the operating concept refer to Chapter 4.3,
"Operating the Instrument", on page 34. For all background and reference informa-
tion concerning manual and remote control of the instrument, refer to your analyzer's
help system or user manual. A more detailed description of the hardware connectors
and interfaces is also part of the help system or user manual.
Risk of injury due to disregarding safety information
Observe the information on appropriate operating conditions provided in the data sheet
to prevent personal injury or damage to the instrument. Read and observe the basic
safety instructions provided with the instrument, in addition to the safety instructions in
the following sections. In particular:
●Do not open the instrument casing.
Risk of instrument damage due to inappropriate operating conditions
An unsuitable operating site or test setup can damage the instrument and connected
devices. Before switching on the instrument, observe the information on appropriate
operating conditions provided in the data sheet. In particular, ensure the following:
●All fan openings are unobstructed and the airflow perforations are unimpeded. A
minimum distance of 10 cm to other objects is recommended.
●The instrument is dry and shows no sign of condensation.
●The instrument is positioned as described in the following sections.
●The ambient temperature does not exceed the range specified in the data sheet.
●Signal levels at the input connectors are all within the specified ranges.
●Signal outputs are connected correctly and are not overloaded.
4.1.1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument
Check the equipment for completeness using the delivery note and the accessory lists
for the various items. If you notice any damage, immediately contact the carrier who
delivered the instrument.
Putting the Analyzer into Operation

Getting Started
R&S® ZNC/ZND
19User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
Packing material
Retain the original packing material. If the instrument needs to be transported or ship-
ped later, you can use the material to protect the control elements and connectors.
Risk of injury during transportation
The carrying handles at the front and side of the casing are designed to lift or carry the
instrument. Do not apply excessive force to the handles. If a handle is ripped off, the
falling instrument can cause injury.
4.1.2 Positioning the Instrument
The network analyzer is designed for use under laboratory conditions, either on a
bench top or in a rack. Notice the general ambient conditions at the operating site
described under "Risk of instrument damage due to inappropriate operating conditions"
on page 18.
Instrument damage caused by electrostatic discharge
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage the electronic components of the instrument
and the device under test (DUT). Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when
you connect or disconnect a DUT or test fixture to the instrument's test ports. To pre-
vent electrostatic discharge, use a wrist strap and cord and connect yourself to the
ground, or use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combination.
4.1.3 Bench Top Operation
If the analyzer is operated on a bench top, the surface must be flat. The instrument can
be used in horizontal or vertical position, standing on its feet, or with the support feet
on the bottom expanded.
Putting the Analyzer into Operation

Getting Started
R&S® ZNC/ZND
20User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
Risk of injury if feet are folded out
The feet can fold in if they are not folded out completely or if the instrument is shifted.
Collapsing feet can cause injury or damage the instrument.
●Fold the feet completely in or out to ensure stability of the instrument. Never shift
the instrument when the feet are folded out.
●When the feet are folded out, do not work under the instrument or place anything
underneath.
●The feet can break if they are overloaded. The overall load on the folded-out feet
must not exceed 500 N.
4.1.4 Operation in a 19" Rack
The R&S ZNC/ZND can be mounted in 19" racks using the adapter R&S ZZA-KN5
(order number 1175.3040.00). Proceed according to the mounting instructions supplied
with the rack adapter.
Risk of instrument damage due to insufficient airflow in a rack
If you mount several instruments in a rack, you need an efficient ventilation concept to
ensure that the instruments do not overheat. Insufficient airflow for a longer period can
disturb the operation and even cause damage.
4.1.5 EMI Suppression
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
To suppress generated Electromagnetic Interference:
●Use suitable shielded cables of high quality (see table below)
●Always terminate open cable ends
●Note the EMC classification in the data sheet
Regarding cable length and quality, the following requirements have to be met:
Table 4-1: Cable Requirements
Cable Type (Connector) Requirement
RF cables (PORT 1, ..., PORT N) Double shielded
BNC cables (various) Double shielded
Putting the Analyzer into Operation