Rohde & Schwarz ZNB User manual

R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
Vector Network Analyzers
User Manual
1173916302
Version 54
(;×éÍ2)

This manual describes the following vector network analyzer types and their options:
●R&S® ZNB4, 9 kHz to 4.5 GHz, 2 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.22
●R&S® ZNB4, 9 kHz to 4.5 GHz, 4 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.24
●R&S® ZNB8, 9 kHz to 8.5 GHz, 2 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.42
●R&S® ZNB8, 9 kHz to 8.5 GHz, 4 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.44
●R&S® ZNB20, 100 kHz to 20 GHz, 2 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.62
●R&S® ZNB20, 100 kHz to 20 GHz, 4 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.64
●R&S® ZNB40, 10 MHz to 40 GHz, 2 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.72 (variant 72)
●R&S® ZNB40, 100 kHz to 40 GHz, 2 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.82 (variant 82)
●R&S® ZNB40, 100 kHz to 40 GHz, 4 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.84 (variant 84)
●R&S® ZNBT8, 9 kHz to 8.5 GHz, 4 test ports (up to 24 ports optional), order no. 1318.7006.24
●R&S® ZNBT20, 100 kHz to 20 GHz, 8 test ports (up to 24 ports optional), order no. 1332.9002.24
●R&S® ZNBT26, 100 kHz to 26.5 GHz, 8 test ports (up to 24 ports optional), order no. 1332.9002.34
●R&S® ZNBT40, 100 kHz to 40 GHz, 8 test ports (up to 24 ports optional), order no. 1332.9002.44
© 2020 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: [phone] - 0
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1173.9163.02 | Version 54 | R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
Throughout this manual, R&S® is abbreviated as R&S.

Contents
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
3User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 54
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................. 13
1.1 Documentation Overview........................................................................................... 13
1.1.1 Getting Started Manual................................................................................................. 13
1.1.2 User Manual and Help.................................................................................................. 13
1.1.3 Service Manual............................................................................................................. 13
1.1.4 Instrument Security Procedures....................................................................................14
1.1.5 Basic Safety Instructions...............................................................................................14
1.1.6 Data Sheets and Brochures.......................................................................................... 14
1.1.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA).......................................... 14
1.1.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc..............................................14
1.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation.................................................................15
1.2.1 Typographical Conventions...........................................................................................15
1.2.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions.......................................................................15
1.2.3 Notes on Screenshots...................................................................................................15
2 Safety Information................................................................................16
3 Firmware V3.15.....................................................................................17
4 Getting Started..................................................................................... 20
4.1 Putting the Analyzer into Operation..........................................................................20
4.1.1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument...................................................................... 20
4.1.2 Positioning the Instrument.............................................................................................21
4.1.3 Bench Top Operation.................................................................................................... 21
4.1.4 Operation in a 19" Rack................................................................................................ 22
4.1.5 EMI Suppression...........................................................................................................22
4.1.6 Connecting the Analyzer to the AC Supply................................................................... 23
4.1.7 Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down..................................................................... 24
4.1.8 Standby and Ready State............................................................................................. 25
4.1.9 Connecting External Accessories................................................................................. 25
4.1.10 Minimizing the VNA Application.................................................................................... 28
4.1.11 Changing the Screen Resolution (R&S ZNBT)............................................................. 29
4.1.12 Remote Operation in a LAN.......................................................................................... 29

Contents
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4.2 Instrument Tour...........................................................................................................34
4.2.1 Front Panel R&S ZNB................................................................................................... 34
4.2.2 Front Panel R&S ZNBT.................................................................................................40
4.2.3 Rear Panel R&S ZNB....................................................................................................42
4.2.4 Rear Panel R&S ZNBT................................................................................................. 45
4.3 Operating the Instrument........................................................................................... 47
4.3.1 Manual Operation .........................................................................................................47
4.3.2 Control Elements of the Application Window................................................................ 52
4.3.3 Working with Dialogs.....................................................................................................58
4.3.4 Handling Diagrams, Traces, and Markers.....................................................................59
4.3.5 Entering Data................................................................................................................ 63
4.3.6 Scaling Diagrams.......................................................................................................... 66
4.4 Performing Measurements.........................................................................................72
4.4.1 Transmission S-Parameter Measurement.....................................................................72
4.4.2 Reflection S-Parameter Measurement..........................................................................79
5 Concepts and Features....................................................................... 81
5.1 Basic Concepts........................................................................................................... 81
5.1.1 Global (Persistent) Settings.......................................................................................... 81
5.1.2 Recall Sets.................................................................................................................... 82
5.1.3 Traces, Channels and Diagrams...................................................................................82
5.1.4 Sweep Control...............................................................................................................84
5.1.5 Data Flow...................................................................................................................... 91
5.2 Screen Elements......................................................................................................... 93
5.2.1 Display Elements of a Diagram.....................................................................................93
5.2.2 Dialogs........................................................................................................................ 104
5.2.3 Trace Formats............................................................................................................. 108
5.3 Measurement Results............................................................................................... 116
5.3.1 S-Parameters.............................................................................................................. 116
5.3.2 Reference Impedances............................................................................................... 119
5.3.3 Impedance Parameters...............................................................................................121
5.3.4 Admittance Parameters...............................................................................................125
5.3.5 Wave Quantities and Ratios........................................................................................126
5.3.6 Unbalance-Balance Conversion..................................................................................129

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5.3.7 Stability Factors...........................................................................................................133
5.3.8 Delay, Aperture, Electrical Length...............................................................................134
5.4 Operations on Traces............................................................................................... 135
5.4.1 Limit Check................................................................................................................. 135
5.4.2 Trace Files...................................................................................................................142
5.4.3 Memory-Mapped Trace Data Transfer........................................................................ 147
5.5 Calibration................................................................................................................. 149
5.5.1 Calibration Types........................................................................................................ 150
5.5.2 Calibration Standards and Calibration Kits................................................................. 161
5.5.3 Calibration Pool...........................................................................................................168
5.5.4 Calibration Labels....................................................................................................... 168
5.5.5 Automatic Calibration.................................................................................................. 168
5.5.6 Scalar Power Calibration.............................................................................................175
5.5.7 SMARTerCal................................................................................................................181
5.5.8 Parallel Calibration of Multiple Channels.................................................................... 183
5.6 Offset Parameters and De-/Embedding.................................................................. 184
5.6.1 Offset Parameters....................................................................................................... 184
5.6.2 Embedding and Deembedding....................................................................................190
5.7 Optional Extensions and Accessories....................................................................202
5.7.1 Additional Test Ports (R&S ZNBT only).......................................................................203
5.7.2 Time Domain Analysis.................................................................................................203
5.7.3 Distance to Fault Measurements................................................................................ 216
5.7.4 Frequency Conversion Measurements....................................................................... 217
5.7.5 Receiver Bandwidth 10 MHz.......................................................................................227
5.7.6 Frequency Resolution 1 mHz......................................................................................228
5.7.7 Measurement Uncertainty Analysis.............................................................................228
5.7.8 Eazy De-embedding Based on IEEE 370................................................................... 230
5.7.9 In-situ De-Embedding................................................................................................. 232
5.7.10 Smart Fixture De-Embedding......................................................................................232
5.7.11 Delta-L 4.0 PCB Characterization............................................................................... 232
5.7.12 Bias Tees (R&S ZNB only).......................................................................................... 233
5.7.13 Internal Second Source...............................................................................................234
5.7.14 Precision Frequency Reference..................................................................................234

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5.7.15 GPIB Interface.............................................................................................................234
5.7.16 Device Control.............................................................................................................235
5.7.17 Handler I/O (Universal Interface)................................................................................ 235
5.7.18 RFFE GPIO Interface..................................................................................................236
5.7.19 Additional Removable System Drive...........................................................................237
5.7.20 Extended Power Range.............................................................................................. 237
5.7.21 Extended Dynamic Range.......................................................................................... 238
5.7.22 Receiver Step Attenuators.......................................................................................... 240
5.7.23 DC Inputs.................................................................................................................... 240
5.7.24 USB-to-IEC/IEEE Adapter...........................................................................................243
5.7.25 External Power Meters................................................................................................243
5.7.26 External Generators.................................................................................................... 245
5.7.27 External Switch Matrices.............................................................................................247
6 GUI Reference.................................................................................... 255
6.1 Function Keys and Softtools................................................................................... 255
6.2 Meas Softtool.............................................................................................................257
6.2.1 S-Params Tab............................................................................................................. 258
6.2.2 Ratios Tab................................................................................................................... 267
6.2.3 Wave Tab.................................................................................................................... 270
6.2.4 Intermod. Tab.............................................................................................................. 273
6.2.5 Z←Sij Tab....................................................................................................................277
6.2.6 Y←Sij Tab................................................................................................................... 279
6.2.7 Y-Z-Params Tab.......................................................................................................... 281
6.2.8 Imbal. CMRR Tab........................................................................................................282
6.2.9 Stability Tab.................................................................................................................285
6.2.10 Power Sensor Tab.......................................................................................................286
6.2.11 DC Tab........................................................................................................................ 287
6.3 Format Softtool......................................................................................................... 290
6.4 Scale Softtool............................................................................................................ 297
6.4.1 Scale Values Tab.........................................................................................................297
6.4.2 Scale Coupling Tab..................................................................................................... 300
6.4.3 Zoom Tab.................................................................................................................... 301
6.5 Trace Config Softtool................................................................................................303

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6.5.1 Traces Tab...................................................................................................................303
6.5.2 Mem............................................................................................................................ 308
6.5.3 All Mem All Data Tab................................................................................................... 311
6.5.4 Math Tab..................................................................................................................... 312
6.5.5 Time Domain Tab........................................................................................................ 318
6.5.6 Time Gate Tab.............................................................................................................323
6.5.7 Distance to Fault Tab.................................................................................................. 325
6.5.8 Trace Statistics Tab..................................................................................................... 325
6.5.9 Smooth Shift Hold Tab................................................................................................ 331
6.5.10 Infinite Averaging Tab..................................................................................................335
6.5.11 Trace Data Tab............................................................................................................335
6.6 Lines Softtool............................................................................................................ 342
6.6.1 Limit Test Tab.............................................................................................................. 343
6.6.2 Ripple Test Tab............................................................................................................351
6.6.3 Circle Test Tab.............................................................................................................356
6.6.4 Display Circle Tab....................................................................................................... 359
6.6.5 Horiz. Line Tab............................................................................................................ 360
6.7 Marker Softtool..........................................................................................................361
6.7.1 Markers Tab................................................................................................................ 361
6.7.2 Marker Props Tab........................................................................................................364
6.7.3 Marker Search Tab......................................................................................................367
6.7.4 Multiple Peak Tab........................................................................................................372
6.7.5 Target Search Tab....................................................................................................... 374
6.7.6 Bandfilter Tab.............................................................................................................. 375
6.7.7 Set by Marker Tab....................................................................................................... 380
6.7.8 Info Field Tab...............................................................................................................381
6.7.9 Marker Coupling Tab................................................................................................... 382
6.8 Stimulus Softtool...................................................................................................... 383
6.8.1 Stimulus Tab................................................................................................................383
6.8.2 Power Tab................................................................................................................... 385
6.8.3 Time Domain X-Axis Tab.............................................................................................387
6.9 Power Bw Avg Softtool.............................................................................................389
6.9.1 Power Tab................................................................................................................... 389

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6.9.2 Bandwidth Tab.............................................................................................................389
6.9.3 Average Tab................................................................................................................ 391
6.10 Sweep Softtool.......................................................................................................... 392
6.10.1 Sweep Params Tab..................................................................................................... 392
6.10.2 Sweep Type Tab..........................................................................................................396
6.10.3 Trigger Tab.................................................................................................................. 407
6.10.4 Sweep Control Tab...................................................................................................... 411
6.11 Cal Softtool................................................................................................................ 415
6.11.1 Start Cal Tab............................................................................................................... 415
6.11.2 Cal Devices Tab.......................................................................................................... 477
6.11.3 Pwr Cal Settings Tab...................................................................................................489
6.11.4 Use Cal Tab.................................................................................................................496
6.11.5 METAS Cal Tab........................................................................................................... 502
6.12 Channel Config Softtool........................................................................................... 511
6.12.1 Channels Tab.............................................................................................................. 512
6.12.2 Port Config Tab........................................................................................................... 525
6.12.3 Mode Tab.................................................................................................................... 542
6.12.4 Intermod. Tab.............................................................................................................. 547
6.12.5 Pwr Cal Settings Tab...................................................................................................559
6.12.6 Mixer Mode Tab...........................................................................................................559
6.13 Offset Embed Softtool.............................................................................................. 570
6.13.1 Offset Embed Dock Widget.........................................................................................571
6.13.2 Offset Tab.................................................................................................................... 580
6.13.3 One Way Loss Tab...................................................................................................... 587
6.13.4 Single Ended Tab........................................................................................................ 588
6.13.5 Fixture Modeling Dialog.............................................................................................. 591
6.13.6 Port Sets Tab...............................................................................................................603
6.13.7 Balanced Tab.............................................................................................................. 606
6.13.8 Ground Loop Tab........................................................................................................ 609
6.13.9 Differential Match Tab..................................................................................................611
6.13.10 Config Tab................................................................................................................... 613
6.13.11 Delta-L Tab..................................................................................................................614
6.14 File Softtool............................................................................................................... 621

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9User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 54
6.14.1 Recall Sets Tab........................................................................................................... 622
6.14.2 Favorites Tab...............................................................................................................626
6.14.3 Print Tab...................................................................................................................... 627
6.14.4 Printer Setup Dialog.................................................................................................... 627
6.14.5 Trace Data Tab............................................................................................................629
6.14.6 More Tab..................................................................................................................... 629
6.15 Applic Softtool...........................................................................................................630
6.15.1 External Tools Application........................................................................................... 630
6.15.2 TDR Application (R&S ZNB/ZNBT-K20)..................................................................... 632
6.15.3 DUT Centric Application..............................................................................................661
6.15.4 Distance to Fault Application.......................................................................................676
6.16 Display Softtool.........................................................................................................684
6.16.1 Diagram Tab................................................................................................................684
6.16.2 Split Tab...................................................................................................................... 688
6.16.3 Config Tab................................................................................................................... 690
6.16.4 View Bar Tab............................................................................................................... 697
6.16.5 Touchscreen Tab......................................................................................................... 698
6.17 Setup Softtool............................................................................................................698
6.17.1 Setup Tab.................................................................................................................... 699
6.17.2 Freq. Ref. Tab............................................................................................................. 716
6.17.3 Remote Settings Tab...................................................................................................717
6.17.4 External Devices Tab.................................................................................................. 720
6.17.5 External Ports Tab.......................................................................................................729
6.18 Help Softtool..............................................................................................................740
6.19 Additional Function Keys.........................................................................................741
7 Remote Control.................................................................................. 743
7.1 Introduction to Remote Control...............................................................................743
7.1.1 Remote Control via USB............................................................................................. 744
7.1.2 Starting a Remote Control Session.............................................................................744
7.1.3 GPIB Explorer............................................................................................................. 745
7.1.4 Switchover to Remote Control.................................................................................... 746
7.1.5 Combining Manual and Remote Control..................................................................... 749
7.2 Messages................................................................................................................... 750

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7.2.1 Device Messages (Commands and Device Responses)............................................ 750
7.2.2 SCPI Command Structure and Syntax........................................................................750
7.2.3 SCPI Parameters........................................................................................................ 754
7.3 Basic Remote Control Concepts............................................................................. 756
7.3.1 Traces, Channels, and Diagram Areas....................................................................... 756
7.3.2 Active Traces in Remote Control.................................................................................757
7.3.3 Initiating Measurements, Speed Considerations.........................................................758
7.3.4 Addressing Traces and Channels............................................................................... 759
7.4 Command Processing.............................................................................................. 760
7.4.1 Input Unit.....................................................................................................................760
7.4.2 Command Recognition................................................................................................761
7.4.3 Data Base and Instrument Hardware..........................................................................761
7.4.4 Status Reporting System............................................................................................ 762
7.4.5 Output Unit.................................................................................................................. 762
7.4.6 Command Sequence and Command Synchronization............................................... 762
7.5 Status Reporting System......................................................................................... 764
7.5.1 Overview of Status Registers......................................................................................765
7.5.2 Structure of an SCPI Status Register..........................................................................765
7.5.3 Contents of the Status Registers................................................................................ 767
7.5.4 Application of the Status Reporting System................................................................774
7.5.5 Reset Values of the Status Reporting System............................................................ 777
8 Command Reference......................................................................... 778
8.1 Special Terms and Notation..................................................................................... 778
8.1.1 Upper/Lower Case...................................................................................................... 779
8.1.2 Special Characters......................................................................................................779
8.1.3 Parameters..................................................................................................................779
8.1.4 Numeric Suffixes......................................................................................................... 779
8.2 Common Commands................................................................................................ 780
8.3 SCPI Command Reference.......................................................................................781
8.3.1 CALCulate Commands............................................................................................... 782
8.3.2 CONFigure Commands...............................................................................................991
8.3.3 CONTrol Commands...................................................................................................999
8.3.4 DIAGnostic Commands.............................................................................................1023

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8.3.5 DISPlay Commands..................................................................................................1025
8.3.6 FORMat Commands................................................................................................. 1051
8.3.7 HCOPy Commands...................................................................................................1053
8.3.8 INITiate Commands.................................................................................................. 1058
8.3.9 INSTrument Commands............................................................................................1060
8.3.10 MEMory.....................................................................................................................1062
8.3.11 MMEMory Commands.............................................................................................. 1063
8.3.12 OUTPut Commands.................................................................................................. 1105
8.3.13 PROGram Commands...............................................................................................1110
8.3.14 [SENSe:] Commands.................................................................................................1113
8.3.15 SOURce Commands.................................................................................................1251
8.3.16 STATus Commands...................................................................................................1299
8.3.17 SYSTem Commands.................................................................................................1302
8.3.18 TRACe Commands................................................................................................... 1345
8.3.19 TRIGger Commands................................................................................................. 1348
8.4 R&S ZVR/ZVABT Compatible Commands.............................................................1355
9 Programming Examples..................................................................1381
9.1 Basic Tasks..............................................................................................................1381
9.1.1 Typical Stages of a Remote Control Program...........................................................1381
9.1.2 Channel, Trace and Diagram Handling..................................................................... 1384
9.2 Condensed Programming Examples.................................................................... 1390
9.2.1 Path Independent RC Programs............................................................................... 1391
9.2.2 Trace and Diagram Handling.................................................................................... 1391
9.2.3 Using Markers........................................................................................................... 1400
9.2.4 Data Handling........................................................................................................... 1402
9.2.5 Calibration................................................................................................................. 1406
9.2.6 Mixer Measurement.................................................................................................. 1412
9.2.7 RFFE/GPIO Interface Programming......................................................................... 1415
9.2.8 Fixture Modeling........................................................................................................1417
10 Error Messages and Troubleshooting............................................1419
10.1 Errors during Firmware Operation........................................................................ 1419
10.1.1 Asynchronous Errors.................................................................................................1420
10.1.2 Errors during Measurement...................................................................................... 1420

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10.2 Errors during Firmware Installation/Update......................................................... 1421
10.3 Collecting Information for Technical Support...................................................... 1423
10.4 Contacting Customer Support...............................................................................1424
11 Annexes............................................................................................ 1425
11.1 Administrative Tasks.............................................................................................. 1425
11.1.1 Windows Operating System......................................................................................1425
11.1.2 Firmware Installation................................................................................................. 1426
11.2 System Recovery.................................................................................................... 1427
11.3 Interfaces and Connectors.....................................................................................1427
11.3.1 Rear Panel Connectors.............................................................................................1427
11.3.2 LAN Interface............................................................................................................ 1429
11.3.3 GPIB Interface...........................................................................................................1430
11.3.4 Handler I/O (Universal Interface).............................................................................. 1433
11.3.5 RFFE - GPIO Interface .............................................................................................1441
11.4 Maintenance............................................................................................................ 1443
11.4.1 Cleaning.................................................................................................................... 1443
11.4.2 Storing and Packing the Instrument.......................................................................... 1444
11.4.3 Replacing Fuses....................................................................................................... 1444
11.5 Showroom Mode..................................................................................................... 1445
11.6 ENA Emulation Commands....................................................................................1445
Glossary: Frequently Used Terms..................................................1453
List of Commands............................................................................1459
Index..................................................................................................1483

Preface
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13User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 54
1 Preface
This chapter provides safety-related information, an overview of the user documenta-
tion and the conventions used in the documentation.
1.1 Documentation Overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S ZNB/ZNBT user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S ZNB/ZNBT product page at:
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZNB
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZNBT
1.1.1 Getting Started Manual
Introduces the R&S ZNB/ZNBT and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general infor-
mation, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for down-
load on the Internet.
1.1.2 User Manual and Help
The user manual contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also
provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control
commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
The contents of the user manual are available as help in the R&S ZNB/ZNBT. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the instrument
and its firmware.
The user manual is also available for download or for immediate display on the Inter-
net.
1.1.3 Service Manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replace-
ment and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
●R&S ZNB Service Manual
Documentation Overview

Preface
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
14User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 54
●R&S ZNBT Service Manual
1.1.4 Instrument Security Procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S ZNB/ZNBT in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
1.1.5 Basic Safety Instructions
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information.
The printed document is delivered with the instrument.
1.1.6 Data Sheets and Brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S ZNB/ZNBT. It also lists
the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific char-
acteristics.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZNB
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZNBT
1.1.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/ZNB
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/ZNBT
1.1.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particu-
lar topics.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/ZNB
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/ZNBT
Documentation Overview

Preface
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15User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 54
1.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation
1.2.1 Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
"Graphical user interface ele-
ments"
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
File names, commands,
program code
File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distin-
guished by their font.
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
tion marks.
1.2.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions
When operating the instrument, several alternative methods may be available to per-
form the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen is described.
Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an addition-
ally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or
the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating pro-
cedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on the
touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on a key-
board.
1.2.3 Notes on Screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options instal-
led. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your par-
ticular product configuration.
Conventions Used in the Documentation

Safety Information
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
16User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 54
2 Safety Information
The product documentation helps you use the R&S ZNB/ZNBT safely and efficiently.
Follow the instructions provided here and in the printed "Basic Safety Instructions".
Keep the product documentation nearby and offer it to other users.
Intended use
The R&S ZNB/ZNBT is intended for the development, production and verification of
electronic components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environ-
ments. Use the R&S ZNB/ZNBT only for its designated purpose. Observe the operat-
ing conditions and performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you about the poten-
tial dangers and gives instructions how to prevent personal injuries or damage caused
by dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●The printed "Basic Safety Instructions" provide safety information in many lan-
guages and are delivered with the R&S ZNB/ZNBT.
●Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.

Firmware V3.15
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3 Firmware V3.15
Version 3.15 of the R&S ZNB/ZNBT firmware provides the following changes:
New functionality
●Measurement uncertainty analysis using METAS VNA Tools (option R&S ZNB-K50/
K50P) for all R&S ZNB models:
– "METAS Calibration" using calibration kits with uncertainties
– Real-time visualization of measurement uncertainty
– Verification using verification kits with uncertainties
– Real-time visualization of verification results
– Export to METAS VNA Tools for offline analysis
See Chapter 5.7.7, "Measurement Uncertainty Analysis", on page 228
For the R&S ZNBT, this option is not available.
●Transmission measurements: "parallel" converted impedance and admittance mod-
eling (in addition to "series" modeling). New measurement results and marker for-
mats
See "Parallel Transmission Impedance" on page 123
●New software option R&S ZNB-K210/R&S ZNBT-K210 "Eazy De-embedding"
(EZD) based on IEEE 370
See Chapter 5.7.8, "Eazy De-embedding Based on IEEE 370", on page 230
●New software option R&S ZNB-K220/R&S ZNBT-K220 "In-situ De-Embedding"
See Chapter 5.7.9, "In-situ De-Embedding", on page 232
●New software option R&S ZNB-K230/R&S ZNBT-K230 "Smart Fixture De-embed-
ding"
See Chapter 5.7.10, "Smart Fixture De-Embedding", on page 232
●New software option R&S ZNB-K231/R&S ZNBT-K231 "Delta-L 4.0 PCB Charac-
terization"
See Chapter 5.7.11, "Delta-L 4.0 PCB Characterization", on page 232
●New "Disable all other Measurements" trace function:
– Disables all channels, except the active one
– Disables all traces in the active channel, except the active one
– Hides all diagrams except the active one
The previous configuration can be restored using the complementary "Enable all
Measurements" function
See Disable all other Measurements/Enable all Measurements
●New automatic gain control algorithm (R&S ZNB only!)
Note that the new "Memory AGC" algorithm has become the factory default for the
R&S ZNB. You can reactivate the legacy "Point AGC" algorithm in the "System
Config" dialog.
See "Global AGC (R&S ZNB only!)" on page 711.
Modified functionality
●"Save Report" button in system info dialog relabeled to "Create R&S Support Infor-
mation"

Firmware V3.15
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
18User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 54
Improvements
●"Distance to Fault" measurements (R&S ZNB-K3/R&S ZNBT-K3):
– Import dialog for cable types
See "Import Cable Type" on page 682
– Now available on all ports
– Now also available in "Applic" softtool
See Chapter 6.15.4, "Distance to Fault Application", on page 676
●Optimized calculation of port set de-/embedding
●Extended time domain analysis (option R&S ZNB/ZNBT-K20): new "TDR Wizard"
to set up and calibrate a TDR measurement quickly (R&S ZNB only!)
See Chapter 6.15.2.2, "TDR Wizard", on page 633
●Enhanced selftest functionality:
– Detailed self test report now also available at service level 0
– Selftest execution can be triggered directly from SYSTEM – [SETUP] > "Setup"
softtool tab
– Test report comprises serial number and firmware version
– Overall and individual test results clearly highlighted ("PASS": green, "FAIL":
red)
See "Selftest Tab" on page 715
●Auto length and loss functions:
– Approximate loss can be calculated based on loss values at two positive refer-
ence frequencies instead of one
– Curve fitting can be restricted to a custom "Evaluation Range"
●Improved handling of long diagram titles during printing
●Configurable system defaults for trace-specific USER PORT "TTL1 Pass" and
"TTL2 Pass" settings
See "TTL Pass Default Values" on page 709
●Support of R&S NRQ6 power sensor via LAN
Solved issues
●Segmented frequency sweeps:
If the column "Segm Time" was not displayed in the "Define Segments" dialog, the
total sweep time ([Sweep] > "Sweep Params" > "Sweep Time"
– was not calculated from the segment times
– was configurable
●Deleting a trace by dragging it to the recycle bin sometimes did not work
●Configured "Reference Receiver Cal Power" value not used for SMARTerCal
●R&S ZNBT segmented sweeps: AGC "Auto" mode in one segment activated the
AGC pre-measurement for measurements in all segments
●Multiple DUT configurations: for segmented sweeps with segment-specific power,
the AGC learn sweep did not work
●Calibrations using cal unit R&S ZN-Z150 resulted in an error message

Firmware V3.15
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
19User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 54
●Formula-defined limit lines: formula was not applied if entered directly in
"Response" dialog
●Logarithmic interpolation of limit lines did not work for linear sweeps
●Missing space between cal label and power cal label in trace info
●Error message for missing calibration not informative
●Installation of R&S ZNB/BT/D firmware simulation failed if R&S ZVA/B/T firmware
simulation was installed on the same PC
●When storing calibration files using MMEM:STOR:CORR, file names containing dots
were truncated
●Segmented sweeps: in FW versions 3.x, markers could not be positioned between
sweep segments
●PC firmware simulation failed to run due to incorrect environment detection
●Fixed an issue with handling multiple Line standards in TRL calibration
Firmware version
► To check your R&S ZNB/ZNBT firmware version, select "Help" > "About..." from the
main menu.

Getting Started
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
20User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 54
4 Getting Started
4.1 Putting the Analyzer into Operation
This section describes the basic steps to be taken when setting up the analyzer for the
first time.
Simple measurement examples are provided in Chapter 4.4, "Performing Measure-
ments", on page 72; for a description of the operating concept refer to Chapter 4.3,
"Operating the Instrument", on page 47. For all background and reference informa-
tion concerning manual and remote control of the instrument, refer to your analyzer's
help system or user manual. A more detailed description of the hardware connectors
and interfaces is also part of the help system or user manual.
Risk of injury due to disregarding safety information
Observe the information on appropriate operating conditions provided in the data sheet
to prevent personal injury or damage to the instrument. Read and observe the basic
safety instructions provided with the instrument, in addition to the safety instructions in
the following sections. In particular:
●Do not open the instrument casing.
4.1.1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument
Check the equipment for completeness using the delivery note and the accessory lists
for the various items. If you notice any damage, immediately contact the carrier who
delivered the instrument.
Packing material
Retain the original packing material. If the instrument needs to be transported or ship-
ped later, you can use the material to protect the control elements and connectors.
Risk of injury during transportation
The carrying handles at the front and side of the casing are designed to lift or carry the
instrument. Do not apply excessive force to the handles. If a handle is ripped off, the
falling instrument can cause injury.
As the R&S ZNBT is very heavy (over 35 kg fully equipped), it must always be carried
by two people using both carrying handles to avoid personal injury or damage to the
instrument.
Putting the Analyzer into Operation