Rohde & Schwarz ZND Series User manual

R&S®ZND
Vector Network Analyzers
Getting Started
Getting Started
Version 52
1316240702
(=@H72)

This manual describes the R&S®ZND (2 ports, 9 kHz to 4.5 GHz, unidirectional, N connectors), order no.
1328.5170.92 and its options.
Hardware Options
●R&S®ZND-B7 "High Output Power", order no. 1338.1578.02
●R&S®ZND-B10 "GPIB Interface", order no. 1328.5358.02
●R&S®ZN-B14 "Handler I/O", order no. 1316.2459.05
Software Options
●R&S®ZND-K1 "Frequency range extension to 8.5 GHz for unidirectional instrument", order no.
1328.5306.02
(not compatible with R&S®ZND-K5 and R&S®ZND-K8)
●R&S®ZND-K2 "Time Domain (TDR)", order no. 1328.5393.02
●R&S®ZND-K5 "Bidirectional measurements 9 kHz to 4.5 GHz", order no. 1328.5312.02
(not compatible with R&S®ZND-K1 and R&S®ZND-K6)
●R&S®ZND-K6 "Bidirectional measurements 9 kHz to 8.5 GHz", order no. 1328.5329.02
(requires R&S®ZND-K1; not compatible with R&S®ZND-K5 and R&S®ZND-K8)
●R&S®ZND-K8 "Frequency range extension to 8.5 GHz for bidirectional instrument", order no.
1328.5412.02
(requires R&S®ZND-K5; not compatible with R&S®ZND-K1 and R&S®ZND-K6)
●R&S®ZND-K7 "Extended Power Range", order no. 1328.5335.02
●R&S®ZND-K19 "1 mHz Frequency Resolution", order no. 1326.8089.02
© 2020 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: [phone] - 0
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1316.2407.02 | Version 52 | R&S®ZND
Throughout this manual, R&S® is abbreviated as R&S.

Contents
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Contents
1 Safety Information..................................................................................7
2 Preface.................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Documentation Overview............................................................................................. 8
2.1.1 Getting Started Manual................................................................................................... 8
2.1.2 User Manual and Help.................................................................................................... 8
2.1.3 Service Manual............................................................................................................... 8
2.1.4 Instrument Security Procedures......................................................................................9
2.1.5 Basic Safety Instructions.................................................................................................9
2.1.6 Data Sheets and Brochures............................................................................................ 9
2.1.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)............................................ 9
2.1.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc................................................9
2.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation.................................................................10
2.2.1 Typographical Conventions...........................................................................................10
2.2.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions.......................................................................10
2.2.3 Notes on Screenshots...................................................................................................10
3 Putting the Analyzer into Operation................................................... 11
3.1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument................................................................. 11
3.2 Positioning the Instrument.........................................................................................11
3.3 Bench Top Operation..................................................................................................12
3.4 Operation in a 19" Rack..............................................................................................13
3.5 EMI Suppression......................................................................................................... 13
3.6 Connecting the Analyzer to the AC Supply.............................................................. 14
3.7 Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down.................................................................14
3.8 Standby and Ready State........................................................................................... 15
3.9 Connecting External Accessories............................................................................. 16
3.9.1 Connecting a Monitor.................................................................................................... 16
3.9.2 Connecting a Keyboard.................................................................................................16
3.9.3 Connecting a Mouse..................................................................................................... 17
3.9.4 Connecting a Printer..................................................................................................... 17
3.9.5 Connecting a LAN Cable...............................................................................................18
3.10 Minimizing the VNA Application................................................................................ 18

Contents
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4 Instrument Tour....................................................................................20
4.1 Front Panel.................................................................................................................. 20
4.1.1 Touchscreen..................................................................................................................21
4.1.2 Function Keys............................................................................................................... 21
4.1.3 Data Entry Keys............................................................................................................ 22
4.1.4 Rotary Knob.................................................................................................................. 23
4.1.5 Navigation Keys............................................................................................................ 23
4.1.6 Standby Key..................................................................................................................24
4.1.7 Front Panel Connectors................................................................................................ 24
4.2 Rear Panel....................................................................................................................25
5 Operating the Instrument.................................................................... 28
5.1 Manual Operation .......................................................................................................28
5.2 Control Elements of the Application Window.......................................................... 33
5.2.1 Title Bar......................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.2 Toolbar.......................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.3 Softtools........................................................................................................................ 35
5.2.4 Menu Bar.......................................................................................................................36
5.2.5 Menu Structure..............................................................................................................37
5.2.6 Hardkey Panel...............................................................................................................38
5.2.7 Status Bar..................................................................................................................... 38
5.3 Working with Dialogs..................................................................................................39
5.4 Handling Diagrams, Traces, and Markers.................................................................40
5.4.1 Adding New Traces and Diagrams................................................................................40
5.4.2 Adding New Markers.....................................................................................................42
5.4.3 Deleting Display Elements............................................................................................ 43
5.4.4 Using Drag and Drop.................................................................................................... 43
5.5 Entering Data...............................................................................................................44
5.5.1 Using Front Panel Keys................................................................................................ 44
5.5.2 Using the Numeric Editor.............................................................................................. 46
5.5.3 Using the Analyzer's On-Screen Keyboard...................................................................46
5.5.4 Using the Windows® On-Screen Keyboard...................................................................47
5.6 Scaling Diagrams........................................................................................................ 48
5.6.1 Using the Graphical Zoom............................................................................................ 48

Contents
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5.6.2 Setting the Sweep Range............................................................................................. 49
5.6.3 Reference Value and Position.......................................................................................50
5.6.4 Auto Scale.....................................................................................................................50
5.6.5 Circular Diagrams......................................................................................................... 51
5.6.6 Set by Marker................................................................................................................51
5.6.7 Enlarging a Diagram..................................................................................................... 52
6 Performing Measurements..................................................................54
6.1 Transmission S-Parameter Measurement.................................................................54
6.1.1 Connecting the Instrument for Transmission Measurements........................................55
6.1.2 Selecting the Sweep Range and Other Parameters..................................................... 56
6.1.3 Calibrating the Instrument............................................................................................. 56
6.1.4 Evaluating Data ............................................................................................................59
6.1.5 Saving and Printing Data ............................................................................................. 60
6.2 Reflection S-Parameter Measurement...................................................................... 61
7 Administrative Tasks........................................................................... 63
7.1 Windows Operating System.......................................................................................63
7.2 Firmware Installation.................................................................................................. 64
7.3 Remote Operation in a LAN....................................................................................... 64
7.3.1 Assigning an IP Address............................................................................................... 65
7.3.2 Using Computer Names................................................................................................67
7.3.3 Remote Desktop Connection........................................................................................ 68
7.3.4 Windows® Firewall Settings...........................................................................................68
8 Maintenance......................................................................................... 70
8.1 Cleaning....................................................................................................................... 70
8.2 Storing and Packing the Instrument......................................................................... 71
9 Contacting Customer Support............................................................72
Index......................................................................................................73

Contents
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Safety Information
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1 Safety Information
The product documentation helps you use the R&S ZND safely and efficiently. Follow
the instructions provided here and in the printed "Basic Safety Instructions". Keep the
product documentation nearby and offer it to other users.
Intended use
The R&S ZND is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic
components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments.
Use the R&S ZND only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating conditions
and performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you about the poten-
tial dangers and gives instructions how to prevent personal injuries or damage caused
by dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●The printed "Basic Safety Instructions" provide safety information in many lan-
guages and are delivered with the R&S ZND.
●Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.

Preface
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2 Preface
This chapter provides safety-related information, an overview of the user documenta-
tion and the conventions used in the documentation.
2.1 Documentation Overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S ZND user documentation. Unless speci-
fied otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S ZND product page at:
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZND
2.1.1 Getting Started Manual
Introduces the R&S ZND and describes how to set up and start working with the prod-
uct. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general informa-
tion, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for down-
load on the Internet.
2.1.2 User Manual and Help
The user manual contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also
provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control
commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
The contents of the user manual are available as help in the R&S ZND. The help offers
quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the instrument and its
firmware.
The user manual is also available for download or for immediate display on the Inter-
net.
2.1.3 Service Manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replace-
ment and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
●R&S ZND Service Manual
Documentation Overview

Preface
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2.1.4 Instrument Security Procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S ZND in secure areas. It is avail-
able for download on the Internet.
2.1.5 Basic Safety Instructions
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information.
The printed document is delivered with the instrument.
2.1.6 Data Sheets and Brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S ZND. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific char-
acteristics.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZND
2.1.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/ZND
2.1.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particu-
lar topics.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/ZND
Documentation Overview

Preface
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2.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation
2.2.1 Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
"Graphical user interface ele-
ments"
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
File names, commands,
program code
File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distin-
guished by their font.
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
tion marks.
2.2.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions
When operating the instrument, several alternative methods may be available to per-
form the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen is described.
Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an addition-
ally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or
the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating pro-
cedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on the
touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on a key-
board.
2.2.3 Notes on Screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options instal-
led. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your par-
ticular product configuration.
Conventions Used in the Documentation

Putting the Analyzer into Operation
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3 Putting the Analyzer into Operation
This section describes the basic steps to be taken when setting up the analyzer for the
first time.
Simple measurement examples are provided in Chapter 6, "Performing Measure-
ments", on page 54; for a description of the operating concept refer to Chapter 5,
"Operating the Instrument", on page 28. For all background and reference informa-
tion concerning manual and remote control of the instrument, refer to your analyzer's
help system or user manual. A more detailed description of the hardware connectors
and interfaces is also part of the help system or user manual.
Risk of injury due to disregarding safety information
Observe the information on appropriate operating conditions provided in the data sheet
to prevent personal injury or damage to the instrument. Read and observe the basic
safety instructions provided with the instrument, in addition to the safety instructions in
the following sections. In particular:
●Do not open the instrument casing.
3.1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument
Check the equipment for completeness using the delivery note and the accessory lists
for the various items. If you notice any damage, immediately contact the carrier who
delivered the instrument.
Packing material
Retain the original packing material. If the instrument needs to be transported or ship-
ped later, you can use the material to protect the control elements and connectors.
Risk of injury during transportation
The carrying handles at the front and side of the casing are designed to lift or carry the
instrument. Do not apply excessive force to the handles. If a handle is ripped off, the
falling instrument can cause injury.
3.2 Positioning the Instrument
The network analyzer is designed for use under laboratory conditions, either on a
bench top or in a rack.
Positioning the Instrument

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Risk of instrument damage due to inappropriate operating conditions
An unsuitable operating site or test setup can damage the instrument and connected
devices. Before switching on the instrument, observe the information on appropriate
operating conditions provided in the data sheet. In particular, ensure the following:
●All fan openings are unobstructed and the airflow perforations are unimpeded. A
minimum distance of 10 cm to other objects is recommended.
●The instrument is dry and shows no sign of condensation.
●The instrument is positioned as described in the following sections.
●The ambient temperature does not exceed the range specified in the data sheet.
●Signal levels at the input connectors are all within the specified ranges.
●Signal outputs are connected correctly and are not overloaded.
Instrument damage caused by electrostatic discharge
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage the electronic components of the instrument
and the device under test (DUT). Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when
you connect or disconnect a DUT or test fixture to the instrument's test ports. To pre-
vent electrostatic discharge, use a wrist strap and cord and connect yourself to the
ground, or use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combination.
During operation, if the firmware observes a serious unexpected disturbance (e.g. due
to ESD), it resets all hardware components to ensure proper instrument functioning. It
then restores the user settings to the state before the disturbance and indicates the
foregone hardware reset by an "Hardware communication problem [...]" information
popup.
3.3 Bench Top Operation
If the analyzer is operated on a bench top, the surface must be flat. The instrument can
be used in horizontal or vertical position, standing on its feet, or with the support feet
on the bottom expanded.
Bench Top Operation

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Risk of injury if feet are folded out
The feet can fold in if they are not folded out completely or if the instrument is shifted.
Collapsing feet can cause injury or damage the instrument.
●Fold the feet completely in or out to ensure stability of the instrument. Never shift
the instrument when the feet are folded out.
●When the feet are folded out, do not work under the instrument or place anything
underneath.
●The feet can break if they are overloaded. The overall load on the folded-out feet
must not exceed 500 N.
3.4 Operation in a 19" Rack
The R&S ZND can be mounted in 19" racks using the adapter R&S ZZA-KN5 (order
number 1175.3040.00). Proceed according to the mounting instructions supplied with
the rack adapter.
Risk of instrument damage due to insufficient airflow in a rack
If you mount several instruments in a rack, you need an efficient ventilation concept to
ensure that the instruments do not overheat. Insufficient airflow for a longer period can
disturb the operation and even cause damage.
3.5 EMI Suppression
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
To suppress generated Electromagnetic Interference:
●Use suitable shielded cables of high quality (see table below)
●Always terminate open cable ends
●Note the EMC classification in the data sheet
Regarding cable length and quality, the following requirements have to be met:
EMI Suppression

Putting the Analyzer into Operation
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Table 3-1: Cable Requirements
Cable Type (Connector) Requirement
RF cables (PORT 1, ..., PORT N) Double shielded
BNC cables (various) Double shielded
DB-25 (USER PORT) Double shielded
GPIB Standard cable
Handler I/O Standard cable
DVI-D (Monitor) 2 ferrite cores
LAN At least CAT6, S/FTP
USB Standard cables, length ≤ 3m
3.6 Connecting the Analyzer to the AC Supply
The network analyzer is automatically adapted to the AC supply voltage, which must
be in the range of 100 V to 240 V at 50 Hz to 60 Hz. The mains connector is located in
the upper part of the rear panel (see Chapter 4.2, "Rear Panel", on page 25).
► Connect the network analyzer to the AC power source using the AC power cable
delivered with the instrument.
The maximum power consumption and the typical power consumption of the individual
analyzer models are listed in the data sheet.
3.7 Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down
The AC power switch is located in the upper part of the rear panel, together with the
mains connector; see Chapter 4.2, "Rear Panel", on page 25.
To start the analyzer, proceed as follows:
1. Switch the AC power switch to position I (On).
After power-on, the analyzer automatically goes to standby or ready state, depend-
ing on the state of the standby toggle key at the front panel when the instrument
was switched off last time.
2. If necessary, press the standby toggle key on the front panel to switch the instru-
ment to ready state (the green LED goes on).
The instrument automatically performs a system check, boots the Windows® oper-
ating system and then starts the vector network analyzer (VNA) application. If it
was terminated regularly, the VNA application restores all recall sets and instru-
ment settings of the previous analyzer session.
Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down

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To shut down the analyzer, proceed as follows:
1. Press the standby key.
Pressing the standby key causes the instrument to save all loaded recall sets, to
close the VNA application, to shut down Windows®, and to go to standby state. Of
course, you can also perform these steps manually, like in any Windows session.
2. If desired, set the AC power switch to position O (Off).
Risk of data loss
It is recommended to switch the analyzer to standby state before disconnecting it from
the AC supply. If you set the power switch to 0 while the VNA application is still run-
ning, you lose the current settings. Moreover, loss of program data cannot be excluded
if the application is terminated improperly.
The AC power switch can be permanently on. It is recommendable, however, to switch
it off if the instrument is not used for some time. When you switch the instrument back
on, be sure to comply with the extended warm-up phase specified in the data sheet.
To guarantee the specified functionality, after turning off the R&S ZND, you have to
wait for at least 10 seconds before turning it on again. This rule applies to both the AC
power off and the standby state.
3.8 Standby and Ready State
The standby toggle key is located in the bottom left corner of the front panel.
In standby state, the right, amber LED is on. The standby power only supplies the
power switch circuits. In this state, it is safe to switch the AC power off and disconnect
the instrument from the power supply.
In ready state, the left, green LED is on and all modules are power-supplied. When
switched to ready state, the analyzer initiates its startup procedure.
Observe the instructions for startup and shutdown in Chapter 3.7, "Starting the Ana-
lyzer and Shutting Down", on page 14.
Standby and Ready State

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3.9 Connecting External Accessories
The analyzer's standard PC interfaces (Monitor, USB, LAN) can be used to connect
various accessories:
●An external monitor expands/displays the Windows® desktop, which is, by default,
covered by the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) application window in full-screen
mode.
●External keyboard and mouse simplify local control, in particular manual (GUI)
operation of the VNA application.
●A printer can be used to create hard copies of the measurement diagrams and
traces from within the VNA application.
●A LAN connection can be established to access the analyzer's mass storage or
control the analyzer from an external PC.
External monitor, keyboard and mouse are not required for local operation. A
R&S ZND can be fully controlled by tapping the touchscreen and front panel keys.
3.9.1 Connecting a Monitor
A standard monitor can be connected to the DVI-D connector on the rear panel of the
R&S ZND. No extra configuration is required.
Safety aspects
The monitor must be connected while the instrument is switched off (or in standby
mode). Otherwise correct operation cannot be guaranteed.
Select SYSTEM > [DISPLAY] > "View Bar" > "Hard Key Panel On" from the menu bar
of the VNA application window to add the (virtual) "Hard Key Panel" to the application
window.
3.9.2 Connecting a Keyboard
A keyboard can be connected to any of the USB connectors. After being auto-detected
by the operating system, it can safely be disconnected and reconnected even during
measurements.
Keyboard configuration
The default input language is English – US. Select "Settings" > "Time & language" >
"Region & language" from the Windows® Start menu to manage languages and key-
boards.
Connecting External Accessories

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Windows 7: select "Control Panel" > "Clock, Language, and Region" > "Region and
Language" > "Keyboards and Languages" from the Windows® Start menu to configure
the keyboard properties.
To access Windows®, use the button in the toolbar of the application window.
3.9.3 Connecting a Mouse
A USB mouse can be connected to any of the USB connectors. After being auto-detec-
ted by the operating system, it can safely be disconnected and reconnected even dur-
ing measurements.
Mouse configuration
Select "Settings" > "Devices" > "Mouse & touchpad" from the Windows® "Start" menu
to configure the mouse properties.
Windows 7: select "Control Panel" > "Hardware and Sound" > "Devices and Printers" >
"Mouse" from the Windows® "Start" menu to configure the mouse properties.
To access Windows®, use the button in the toolbar of the application window.
3.9.4 Connecting a Printer
A printer can be connected to any of the USB connectors. After successful installation,
it can safely be disconnected and reconnected even during measurements.
Before printing (SYSTEM – [PRINT]), the analyzer checks whether a printer is connec-
ted and turned on and whether the appropriate printer driver is installed.
Printer driver installation
If necessary, the printer driver installation is initiated using the operating system's "Add
Printer Wizard". The wizard is self-explanatory. A printer driver must be installed only
once.
A great variety of printer drivers is available on the analyzer. To obtain the complete
list, select "Settings" > "Devices" > "Printers & scanners" from the Windows® "Start"
menu.
Windows 7: select "Control Panel" > "Hardware and Sound" > "Devices and Printers"
from the Windows® "Start" menu.
To access Windows®, use the button in the toolbar of the application window.
Connecting External Accessories

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You can load updated and improved driver versions or new drivers from an installation
disk, USB memory stick or another external storage medium. Alternatively, if the ana-
lyzer is integrated in a network, you can install driver data stored in a network directory.
In either case, use the "Add Printer" wizard to complete the installation.
Printer configuration
Use the "Printer Setup" dialog of the firmware (SYSTEM – [PRINT] > "Print...") or the
Windows® printer management to configure the printer properties and printing prefer-
ences.
3.9.5 Connecting a LAN Cable
A LAN cable can be connected to the LAN connector on the rear panel of the analyzer.
To establish a LAN connection, proceed as follows:
1. Refer to Chapter 7.3.1, "Assigning an IP Address", on page 65.
2. Connect a CAT6 or CAT7 LAN cable to the LAN port.
The LAN port of the analyzer is an auto-crossover Ethernet port. You can connect it to
a network, but you can also set up a direct connection to a computer or another instru-
ment. For both connection types, you can use either crossover or straight through
(patch) cables.
The IP address information is displayed in the SYSTEM – [SETUP] > "Remote Set-
tings" softtool tab.
3.10 Minimizing the VNA Application
With a minimized VNA application, you can access your analyzer's Windows® desktop
or run other applications.
To exit the default full-screen mode of the VNA application, deselect SYSTEM – [DIS-
PLAY] > "View Bar" > "Title Bar Task Bar". Then use the standard Windows® titlebar
functions to minimize/maximize/close the application window.
To start the VNA application with a minimized window
1. Right-click the Vector Network Analyzer shortcut icon on the desktop and open the
"Properties" dialog.
2. In the "Shortcut" tab, select "Run: Minimized".
Minimizing the VNA Application

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A software update restores the original shortcut properties.
Minimizing the VNA Application

Instrument Tour
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4 Instrument Tour
This chapter gives an overview of the control elements and connectors of the
R&S ZND and gives all information that is necessary to put the instrument into opera-
tion and connect external devices.
4.1 Front Panel
The front panel of the network analyzer consists of the touchscreen with the diagrams
and softtool panels (left side), the hardkey area (right side) and the test port area
below. Brief explanations on the controls and connectors, the hardkey area and the
rear panel can be found on the next pages.
Figure 4-1: Front View of R&S ZND
Instrument damage caused by cleaning agents
Cleaning agents contain substances such as solvents (thinners, acetone, etc.), acids,
bases, or other substances. Solvents can damage the front panel labeling, plastic
parts, or screens, for example.
Never use cleaning agents to clean the outside of the instrument. Use a soft, dry, lint-
free dust cloth instead.
Front Panel