Sharp W Series User manual

SCIENTIFIC
CALCULATOR
OPERATION GUIDE
SCIENTIFIC
CALCULATOR
OPERATION GUIDE
<W Series>

1
C O N TEN T S
HOW TO OPERATE
Read Before Using
Key layout/Reset switch 2
Display pattern 3
Display format 3
Exponent display 4
Angular unit 5
Function and Key Operation
O N /O FF, entry correction keys 6
Data entry keys 7
Random key
Modify key
8
Basic arithmetic keys, parentheses 10
Percent 11
Inverse, square, cube, xth power of y,
square root, cube root, xth root of y 12
10 to the power of x, common logarithm 13
e to the power of x, natural logarithm 14
Factorials 15
Permutations, combinations 16
Time calculation 17
Fractional calculations 18
Memory calculations 19
Last answer memor y 20
Trigonometric functions 21
Arc trigonometric functions 22
Hyperbolic functions 23
C oordinate conversion 24
25
STATISTICS FUNCTION
Binary, pental, octal, decimal, and
hexadecimal operations (N -base)
Data input and correction 26
“AN S” keys for 1-variable statistics 27
“AN S” keys for 2-variable statistics 31
9
~

2
H o w t o O pe r a t e
2nd function key
Pressing this key will enable the functions
written in orange above the calculator
buttons.
ON/C, OFF key
D irect function
Mode key
This calculator can operate in three different
modes as follows.
<Example>
W ritten in orange above
the O N /C key
<Power on> <Power off>
1 . K E Y L AY O U T
If the calculator fails to operate normally,
press the reset switch on the back to
reinitialise the unit. The display format
and calculation mode will return to their
initial settings.
RESET
2 . R E S E T S W I T C H
Reset switch
RESET
2nd function
N O T E :
Pressing the reset switch
will erase any data stored
in memory.
≈Read B efore Using≈
This operation guide has been written based on the EL-531W , EL-509W , and EL-531W H
models. Some functions described here are not featured on other models. In addition,
key operations and symbols on the display may differ according to the model.
•Mode = 0; normal mode for
performing normal arithmetic
and function calculations.
[Normal mode]
•Mode = 1; ST AT- 0mode for
performing 1-variable statisti-
cal calculations.
[STAT-0 mode]
•Mode = 1; STAT -1–6 mode
for performing 2-variable
statistical calculations.
[STAT-1–6 mode]
W hen changing to the statistical sub-mode,
press the corresponding number key after
performing the operation to select the statistics
mode (press ).
(LIN E): Linear regression calculation
(Q UAD): Q uadratic regression calculation
(EX P):  Exponential regression calculation
(LO G):  Logarithmic regression calculation
(PW R): Power regression calculation
(IN V):  Inverse regression calculation

3
For convenient and easy operation, this model can be used in one of four display modes.
The selected display status is shown in the upper part of the display (Format Indicator).
N ote: If more 0’s (zeros) than needed are displayed when the O N/C key is pressed, check
whether or not the calculator is set to a Special Display Format.
• Floating decimal point format (no symbol is displayed)
Valid values beyond the maximum range are displayed in the form of a [10-digit
(mantissa) + 2-digit (exponent)]
• Fixed decimal point format (FIX is displayed)
Displays the fractional part of the calculation result according to the specified
number of decimal places.
• Scientific notation (SC I is displayed)
Frequently used in science to handle extremely small or large numbers.
• Engineering scientific notation (EN G is displayed)
C onvenient for converting between different units.
(specifies normal mode)
<Example> Let’s compare the display result of
[10000 8. 1 =] in each display format.
4 . DI S P L AY F O R M AT A N D
DE C I M A L S E T T I N G F U N C T I O N
3 . D I S P L AY P AT T E R N
Initial display
DEG
The actual display does not appear like this.
This illustration is for explanatory purposes only.
10000 8.1
(normal mode)
DEG
N ote: T he calculator has two settings for displaying a
floating point number: N O RM1(default setting) and
N O RM2. In each display setting, a number is
automatically displayed in scientific notation outside a
preset range:
• N O RM1: 0.000000001 x 9999999999
• N O RM2: 0.01 x 9999999999
(FIX mode TAB = 3)
DEGFIX

4
5 . E X P O N E N T D I S P L AY
The distance from the earth to the sun is approx. 150,000,000 (1.5 x 108) km.Values
such as this with many zeros are often used in scientific calculations, but entering the
zeros one by one is a great deal of work and it’s easy to make mistakes.
In such a case, the numerical values are divided into mantissa and exponent portions,
displayed and calculated.
<Example> W hat is the number of electronics flowing in a conductor when
the electrical charge across a given cross-section is 0.32 cou-
lombs. (The charge on a single electron = 1.6 x 10-19coulombs).
0.32
DEG
(SC I mode)
SCI DEG
X10
(EN G mode)
ENG DEG
X10
(normal mode)
DEG
191.6 DEG
X10
DEG
X10

5
Angular values are converted from DEG to RAD to GRAD with each push of the DRG
key.This function is used when doing calculations related to trigonometric functions or
coordinate geometry conversions.
(π/2)
<Example>
6 . A N G U L A R U N I T
(in DEG mode)
••••••••
O per ation D isplay
90° (DEG) =
π/2 (RAD) =
100 (GRAD) =
π
2
The relationships between the three types
of angular units can be expressed as right:
C heck to confirm 90 degrees equaling π/2 radians
equaling 100 grads. (π=3.14159...)
90
DEG
RAD
GRAD
DEG
Angular indicator
D egrees (D E G is shown at the top of the display)
A commonly used unit of measure for angles.The angular measure of a circle
is expressed as 360°.
R adians (R A D is shown at the top of the display)
Radians are different than degrees and express angles based on the circumfer-
ence of a circle. 180° is equivalent to πradians.Therefore, the angular mea-
sure of a circle is 2πradians.
G r ads ( G R A D is shown at the top of the display)
Grads are a unit of angular measure used in Europe, particularly in France. An
angle of 90 degrees is equivalent to 100 grads.

6
Turns the calculator on or clears the data. It also clears the contents of the
calculator display and voids any calculator command; however, coeffi-
cients in 3-variable linear equations and statistics, as well as values stored
in the independent memory in normal mode, are not erased.
Turns the calculator off.
C lears all internal values, including coefficients in 3-variable linear equations and
statistics.Values stored in memory in normal mode are not erased.
These arrow keys are useful for Multi-Line playback, which lets you
scroll through calculation steps one by one. (refer to page 8)
These keys are useful for editing equations. T he key moves the
cursor to the left, and the key moves the cursor to the right. The
key deletes the symbol/number at the cursor.
ON/OFF, Entry
Correction Keys
≈F unction and K ey Operation≈
key inserts the symbol/number at the cursor.

7
Data Entry Keys
Provided the earth is moving around the sun in a circular orbit,
how many kilometers will it travel in a year?
* T he average distance between the earth and the sun being
1.496 x 108km.
C ircumference equals diameter x π; therefore,
1.496 x 108x 2 x π
0 to 9
Pressing πautomatically enters the value for π(3.14159...).
The constant π, used frequently in function calculations, is the ratio of the
circumference of a circle to its diameter.
<Example>
N umeric keys for entering data values.
Decimal point key. Enters a decimal point.
Enters minus symbol or sign change key.
C hanges positive numbers to negative and negative numbers to positive.
Pressing this key switches to scientific notation data entry.
O per ation D isplay
2
1496 8DEG
X10
DEG

8
Random
Generates random numbers.
Random numbers are three-decimal-place values between 0.000 and 0.999. Using this
function enables the user to obtain unbiased sampling data derived from random
values generated by the calculator.
<Example>
A P P L IC AT IO N S :
Building sample sets for statistics or research.
0. * * * (A random number has been generated.)
[ R andom D ice]
To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1and 6can be generated by
pressing . To generate the next random dice number, press .
[ R andom C oin]
To simulate a coin flip, 0(heads) or 1(tails) can be randomly generated by pressing 
. To generate the next random coin number, press .
[ R andom Integer ]
An integer between 0and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing .
To generate the next random integer, press .

9
Function to round calculation results.
Even after setting the number of decimal places on the display, the calculator per-
forms calculations using a larger number of decimal places than that which appears
on the display. By using this function, internal calculations will be performed using
only the displayed value.
A P P L IC AT IO N S :
Frequently used in scientific and technical fields, as well as business,
when performing chained calculations.
<Example>
Rounded calculation (MDF)
FIX mode TAB = 1 (normal calculation)
5.0
0.6
0.6
5.4
59
9
5 9
9
Modify
(internally, 0.6)
(internally, 0.5555...)
(internally, 0.555 5.. .)

10
Basic Arithmetic
Keys, Parentheses
Used to specify calculations in which certain operations have precedence.
You can make addition and subtraction operations have precedence over
multiplication and division by enclosing them in parentheses.
The four basic operators. Each is used in the same way as a standard
calculator:
+ (addition), – (subtraction), x (multiplication), and ÷(division).
Finds the result in the same way as a standard calculator.

11
For calculating percentages. Four methods of calculating percentages
are presented as follows.
1) $125 increased by 10%…137.5
2) $125 reduced by 20%…100
3) 15% of $125…18.75
4) W hen $125 equals 5% of X , X equals…2500
125 10
125 20
125 15
125 5
Percent
DEG
DEG
DEG
DEG

12
<Example>
C alculates the square root of the value on the display.
C alculates the inverse of the value on the display.
Squares the value on the display.
C ubes the value on the display.
C alculates the cube root of the value on the display.
C alculates the xth root of y.
24
416
DEG
DEG
DEG
O per ation D isplay
C alculates exponential values.
2 2 2 2
Inverse, Square, Cube,
xth Power of y, Square Root,
Cube Root, xth Root of y

13
10 to the Power of x,
Common Logarithm
<Example>
C alculates the value of 10 raised to the xth power.
C alculates logarithm, the exponent of the power to which 10 must be
raised to equal the given value.
1000
3
O per ation D isplay
DEG
DEG

14
e to the Power of x,
Natural Logarithm
C alculates powers based on the constant e (2.718281828).
<Example>
5
10
O per ation D isplay
DEG
DEG
C omputes the value of the natural logarithm, the exponent of the power
to which e must be raised to equal the given value.

15
Factorials
The product of a given positive integer n multiplied by all the lesser positive
integers from 1to n-1is indicated by n! and called the factorial of n.
A P P L IC AT I O N S :
Used in statistics and mathematics. In statistics, this function is used
in calculations involving combinations and permutations.
<Example>
c.f
n! = 1x 2 x 3 x …xn
O per ation D isplay
DEG
7

64
64
16
A P P L IC AT IO N S :
Used in statistics (probability calculations) and in simulation hypoth-
eses in fields such as medicine, pharmaceutics, and physics. Also,
can be used to determine the chances of winning in lotteries.
Permutations, Combinations
<Example>
This function finds the number of different possible orderings in selecting
robjects from a set of nobjects. For example, there are six different
ways of ordering the letters ABC in groups of three letters—ABC , AC B,
BAC , BC A, C AB, and C BA.
The calculation equation is 3P3= 3 x 2 x 1= 6 (ways).
This function finds the number of ways of selecting robjects from a set of
nobjects. For example, from the three letters ABC , there are three ways
we can extract groups of two different letters—AB, AC , and CB.
The calculation equation is 3C2.
DEG
DEG
O per ation D isplay

17
Time Calculation
C onvert 24° 28’ 35” (24 degrees, 28 minutes, 35 sec-
onds) to decimal notation. Then convert 24.476° to
sexagesimal notation.
C onverts a sexagesimal value displayed in degrees, minutes, seconds to
decimal notation. Also, converts a decimal value to sexagesimal
notataion (degrees, minutes, seconds).
Inputs values in sexagesimal notation (degrees, minutes, seconds).
<Example>
A P P L IC AT IO N S :
Used in calculations of angles and angular velocity in physics, and
latitude and longitude in geography.
24 28 35
O per ation D isplay
Repeat last key operation to return to the previous display.
C onvert to decimal notation
DEG
DEG
DEG

18
Fractional Calculations
Add 3 and , and convert to decimal notation.
<Example>
Inputs fractions and converts mutually between fractions and decimals.
C onverts between mixed numbers and improper fractions.
31 2
57
C onvert to an improper fraction
Press once to return to the previous display
C onvert to decimal notation
Press once to return to the previous display
A P P L IC AT IO N S :
There is a wide variety of applications for this function because
fractions are such a basic part of mathematics.This function is useful
for calculations involving electrical circuit resistance.
DEG
DEG
DEG
O per ation D isplay
DEG
1
2
5
7

19
Stores displayed values in memories A~F, X ,Y, M.
Recalls values stored inA~F, X ,Y, M.
Adds the displayed value to the value in the independent memory M.
Memory Calculations
<Example 1>
25 27
73
DEG
MDEG
MDEG
MDEG
O per ation D isplay
~
Temporary memories
~
(Enter 0 for M)
0
<Example 2>
Subtracts the displayed value from the value in the independent memory M.
Independent memory
O per ation D isplay
Calculates $/¥ at the designated exchange rate.
110
26510
2750
$1 = ¥110
¥26,510 = $?
$2,750 = ¥?
DEG
110 Y
DEG
26510 ÖY=
DEG
2750 xY=