Siemens PGC 302 Edition II User manual

Contents
Information for the user
Conformity certificates
Safety information
Disclaimer of liability
Sensitive components
Abbreviations and symbols
Explosion protection
1
Software and networking
The software
The IBM-compatible PC
Installation of software
Parameterization of control unit
Problems and errors
Networking
2
Installation
Installation location
Assembly
Technical data 3
Commissioning
Shutting down 4
Operation with keyboard and screen 5
Software supplements
GCLAN, GCARCHIV, PGCSIM 6
7
Function description of analytical system
Gas supply
Sample input
Columns
Detectors
Oven
Column switching
8
Function description of electronics
Summary of electronics
Detector electronics
Control electronics
Circuit diagrams 9
10
Application data 11
Dimensional drawings 12
External piping and wiring diagrams 13
Data sheets and certificates 14
Spare parts lists 15
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
PGC 302 edition II
Process
Gas Chromatograph
Manual
Order No. C79000-G5376-C523-2

NOTE:
For clarity reasons this Instruction Manual does not contain all detailed information on all types of
chromatograph. It cannot refer to all possible cases in conjunction with installation, operation or repair
either.
Should you require further information, or should particular problems occur which are not handled in
sufficient depth in this Manual, help can be requested through your local Siemens office or representative.
The contents of this Instruction Manual are not part of a previous or existing agreement, commitment or
statutory right and do not change these. All commitments on the part of Siemens are contained in the
respective sales contract which also contains the complete and solely applicable warranty conditions.
These warranty conditions in the contract are neither extended nor limited by the contents of this Instruc-
tion Manual.
We have checked the contents of this manual for agreement with the hardware and
software described. Since deviations cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot
guarantee full agreement. However, the data in this manual are reviewed regularly
and any necessary corrections included in subsequent editions. Suggestions for
improvement are welcomed.
Technical data are subject to change.
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages. All
rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or
design, are reserved.
Copyright © Siemens AG 1995 All Rights Reserved
S iemens Aktienges ells chaft Order from: Gerätewerk Karlsruhe
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany

INFORMATION FOR THE USER Page
Conformity certificates . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Safety information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Symbols and abbreviations . . . . . . . 5
Explosion protection
Special fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Temperature class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Isolating relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Opening the electronics door . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Pressurized enclosure,
switching on the chromatograph . . . . . . . . . . 9
Starting the automatic purging time . . . . . . . . . 9
Key switch, bypassing of purging time controller . . 9
Purging time monitoring unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Design of the classified PGC 302 . . . . . . . . . 10
Degrees of protection
used in the classified PGC 302 . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Heaters for oven,
liquid injection valve and heated line . . . . . . . 10
Solenoid valve for carrier gas H2. . . . . . . . . . 10
Classified FID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Classified TCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Maintenance of classified parts . . . 11
Contents
1INHALT.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999 1

EG conformity certificate
The master of the EG conformity certificate can be con-
sulted at:
Siemens AG
AUT 362
D-76181 Karlsruhe
Conformity certificate
Contents of EG conformity certificate
This chromatograph has been developed and manufac-
tured in line with
89/336/EWG
Guideline for electromagnetc comaptibility
(changed by 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EWG and
93/68/EWG)
73/23/EWG
Guideline for voltage limits in use of electrical
equipment (changed by 93/68/EWG)
The following international standards are applied:
EN 50081-1
EN 50082-2
EN 61010
Safe electrical isolation
The low-voltage circuits are isolated safely from the
power supply circuits. The chromatograph has been de-
signed according to DIN VDE 0100, Part 410: Protec-
tive measures, Protection against dangerous shock cur-
rents, in particular Section 4.3.2 Functional extra-low
voltage with safe isolation.
The chromatograph complies with the requirements of
DIN VDE 0106, Part 101: Protection against dan-
gerous shock currents, Basic requirements for safe iso-
lation.
Explosion protection
Explosion-proof chromatographs have been designed in
accordance with:
EN 50014: 1977 + A1 ... A5 General regulations
EN 50016: 1977 + A1 Pressurized enclosure p
EN 50018: 1977 + A1 ... A3 Flameproof enclosure d
EN 50019: 1977 + A1 ... A3 Increaseded safety e
Refer to the conformity certificate in Register 14.
Recommendation
You retain this status and guarantee danger-free oper-
ation if you observe the information and warnings in
this manual.
Conformity certificate
1SICHERH.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999 3

SAFETY INFORMATION
The chromatograph complies to the safety regula-
tions. Following our handling instructions and
safety informations the chromatograph normally
won’t cause any substancial damage or any per-
sonal injury.
This safety information is to warn you of dangers
which could lead to personal injury or damage to
property. This information is present
in this manual
on the chromatograph
on components of the chromatograph.
The following are differentiated depending on the
degree of danger:
Safety information
DANGER
This means that death, severe personal
injury or substantial damage to property will
occur if the specified safety precautions are
not observed.
WARNING
This means that death, severe personal
injury or substantial damage to property can
occur if the specified safety precautions are
not observed.
CAUTION
This means that slight personal injury or
damage to property can occur if the
specified safety precautions are not
observed.
IMPORTANT:
This is important information on the chroma-
tograph or a part of the manual to which par-
ticular attention should be paid.
NOTE:
is an information about the chromatograph or a part of the
manual, we want you to read for better comprehension.
WARNING
If you open the door or remove the covers
certain parts in electrical devices become
accessible which possess dangerous
voltages during operation.
Only suitably qualified staff should work on
this device or in its vicinity.
These should be thoroughly familiar with all
warnings and maintenance measures
according to this manual.
Correct and safe operation of this device is
dependent on:
Proper transport
Correct storage
Correct installation and assembly
Proper operation and maintenance
Please follow the directions for use in this
manual to avoid personal injury or damage
to property
Qualified person
A qualified person in the sense of this manual and the
warning information on the chromatograph and its
components is one who is familiar with the installation,
design, commissioning and operation of the chromato-
graph and who has the appropriate qualifications, e.g.
Is trained and authorized to energize, de-energize,
ground and tag circuits and devices/systems in ac-
cordance with established safety practices, espe-
cially in potentially explosive atmospheres.
Is trained in the proper care and use of protective
equipment in accordance with established safety
practices.
Is trained in first aid.
Safety information
41SICHERH.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999

WARNING: Dangerous gases!
The chromatograph uses various gases,
some of which may be dangerous.
Before working on the chromatograph,
establish which gases are used in the
chromatograph, and in particular the
composition of the sample gas.
Route all exhaust gases via a common line
out of the chromatograph and away from the
position of use.
Always ensure there is sufficient ventilation:
If you are working with hydrogen.
Hydrogen produces an explosive mixture
with air
If you are working with liquid CO2. The
inhalation of larger quantities of CO2
leads to an oxygen shortage and even to
unconsciousness and suffocation.
If you allow the sample gas line to run
empty and the sample gas contains
corrosive or toxic components.
WARNING: Explosive gases!
The chromatograph uses various gases,
some of which may produce an explosive
mixture with air!
Before working on the chromatograph,
establish which gases are used in the
chromatograph.
Route all exhaust gases via a common line
out of the chromatograph and away from the
position of use.
Always ensure there is sufficient ventilation.
CAUTION: Flames!
In some detectores a flame is still burning
although the chromatograph is electrically
switched off! Switch off the gases and allow
the detector to cool down before you open
such a detector!
CAUTION: Hot parts!
Some parts of the chromatograph need to
be hot while working although they must be
accessible, e.g. the oven, the detectors and
injectors.
CAUTION: Radioaktive!
If the chromatograph is equipped with ECD
or HID: ECD and HID are radiators. They are
subject to governmental supervision.
Observe the regulations!
Route all exhaust gases via a common line
out of the chromatograph and away from the
position of use.
Observe the maximum operating
temperatures of these detectors!
These detectors are marked with the
corresponding label.
Electrostatically sensitive devices!
Before you touch such components/modules:
Switch off the chromatograph.
Discharge any static from yourself by
touching a grounded object or by using an
ESD wristband.
Only use tools which are free of static
charges.
Do not touch any connection pins or con-
ductor paths. Only touch the modules by
their edges.
Disclaimer of liability
for external accessories
If you wish to use or connect accessories which we
have not specifically recommended for the chromato-
graph, please ask us to first confirm that the operational
safety of the chromatograph is not influenced by the
accessory. Without this approval, we will not accept any
liability for the operational safety.
Safety information
1SICHERH.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999 5

Symbols and abbreviations
used in this manual
Name Symbol Abbreviation Remarks
Pressure
regulator DR
Pressure
converter DW
Manometer MA
Restrictor DB with and without
class specification
Needle valve NV with Teflon or
graphite gasket
Capillary DS
Solenoid valve MV closed when
de-energized
Solenoid valve MV open when
de-energized
Absorber
Preliminary
column VS
Main column HS
Detectors
Flame ionization detector
Electron capture detector
Flame photometric detector
Thermal conductivity detector
Oxygen-selective detektor,
modified FID
Helium ionization detector
FID
ECD
FPD
WLD
O-FID
HeD
Injectors
Liquid injection valve
Gas injection valve FDV GDV
Symbols and abbreviations
6
Symbols and abbreviations
61SICHERH.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999

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1SICHERH.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999 7

Explosion protection
EXPLOSION PROTECTION
The installation and operation of electrical equip-
ment in potentially explosive atmospheres is subject
to regulations. These regulations refer to the
general rules applicable in technological applica-
tions.
Special fittings
Some chromatographs are provided by us with special
fittings according to customer requirements. The condi-
tions for special fittings are regulated in § 10 of Elex V:
If an electrical unit has been specially manufac-
tured for a particular operation, it must not be
used until the authorized inspector has estab-
lished that it complies with the requirements of
this regulation and has provided a certificate on
the result of this test.
This test can be carried out at the same time as the test
which must be carried out anyway before the chromato-
graph is used for the first time.
WARNING:
The test certificate for your classified chroma-
tograph only applies to the original configura-
tion and to the connection and installation ac-
cording to the Siemens circuit diagrams and
piping diagrams. The classified protection for
your device is cancelled if the configuration or
ignition class of one of more components is
changed.
Following conversions and maintenance on
components relevant to the explosion protec-
tion the chromatograph must be certified
again by an authorized inspector.
Conditions
The conformity certificate with its supplements con-
tains all conditions specified by the authorized inspec-
tor for the installation and operation of the chromato-
graph.
Temperature class
To ensure retention of the temperature class, the heated
components of the chromatograph are protected by
temperature limiters. The temperature limiters must be
reset manually in the event of an error: open the door to
the electronics area and press the corresponding red
button.
WARNING:
An explosion may occur if the electronics door
is opened too soon because of hot components
and residual electrical charges in the chroma-
tograph. An appropriate warning label is
present on the door!
Isolating relay
An isolating relay must be interconnected if signal con-
tacts of the chromatograph supplied by an external
source are used in a division 1 area. These isolating
relays are positioned on the left in the electronics area
(type of protection e) and are switched by the safety
monitoring equipment.
Opening the electronics door
Before opening the electronics door in a division 1 area,
it is essential to switch off the power supply and to then
wait for at least 5 minutes.
WARNING:
An explosion may occur if the electronics door
is opened too soon because of hot components
and residual electrical charges in the chroma-
tograph. An appropriate warning label is
present on the door!
Explosion protection
81EXPLO.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999

PRESSURIZED ENCLOSURE,
SWITCHING ON THE CHROMATO-
GRAPH
The electronics area of the chromatograph is press-
urized. It is constantly purged with a non-inflamm-
able gas to prevent explosive gas from entering this
area.
The power supply to the chromatograph must only
be switched on when the electronics area has been
sufficiently purged. An automatic feature ensures
this is the case in a division 1 area. In a division 2
area, you must switch on the chromatograph your-
self once you have assessed that the electronics area
has been sufficiently purged.
Starting the automatic purging time
Switch on the external power switch. The excess
pressure is produced in the chromatograph.
The purging time commences once the purging
pressure has been produced and the flow is suffi-
cient. The Purge lamp lights up while purging time.
Once the purging time has expired and the ON/OFF
pushbutton is at ON at the same time, the purging
time controller switches the power supply to the
chromatograph, to the control room panel and to the
isolating relay via a contactor. The purging valve is
switched over such that only losses resulting from
leaks are compensated. The Purge lamp goes out.
The Ready lamp lights up if the ON/OFF pushbut-
ton is at OFF.
The purging time controller switches off the power
supply if the pressure in the housing becomes too
low or too high. A new purging procedure com-
mences.
Key switch,
bypassing of purging time controller
For certain maintenance operations it is necessary to
open the electronics door without switching off the
chromatograph. You must first possess an appropriate
permit. Then set the key switch to Bypass before open-
ing the electronics door.
NOTE:
The power supply to the chromatograph is switched on imme-
diately if you set the key switch to Bypass and then switch on
the purging time controller!
WARNING:
Never activate the key switch before an expert
has guaranteed that the atmosphere at the
chromatograph location does not present an
explosion hazard and will remain so for the
duration of the maintenance work (permit!).
We recommend that you install a gas warning
device in the vicinity of the chromatograph
during the maintenance work.
Purging time monitoring unit
The monitoring unit is fitted in the electronics area of
the explosion-proof chromatograph. It has been espe-
cially adapted for this purpose. All parts are explosion-
proof and must be wired according to Siemens circuit
diagrams, otherwise the explosion protection is can-
celled.
The set purging time is also part of the explosion pro-
tection. The explosion protection is cancelled if the set-
tings are changed.
Pressure/flow monitor
Control panel
ONOFF
PURGE
READY
Bypass
Purging gas valve
Explosion protection
1EXPLO.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999 9

DESIGN OF THE CLASSIFIED PGC 302
There are three different areas in the chromatograph
with respect to the explosion protection:
Pressurized area
This includes the electronics area, the mounting shaft
behind the analyzer section, the connections of the oven
heating cartridge and the connection cables of the FID.
Carrier gas H2must never be passed into this area.
Switching valves for carrier gas H2must therefore be
fitted outside this area: classified solenoid valve in the
mounting area, or pneumatically-controlled slide valve.
Flameproof area
The housings can resist an internal explosion pressure.
Flames are not released because they are cooled down
below the ignition class temperature on their way out.
These include the FID, TCD and solenoid valves.
Potentially explosive atmosphere
The surface temperatures in the oven area and the
mounting area above the oven are limited to tempera-
ture class.
Degrees of protection used
A rating plate which specifies the degrees of protection
is present on the housing of your classified chromato-
graph:
Electronics area EEx pe IIB+H2
Oven heater EEx pd IIB+H2T2/T3/T4
FID EEx dp IIB+H2T2/T3/T4
TCD EEx de IIB+H2T3/T4
FDV EEx pd IIB+H2T2/T3/T4
FPD EEx pd IIC T3/T4
Detector heater EEx pd IIB+H2T2/T3/T4
Heated line EEx p IIB+H2T3/T4
Solenoid valve for H2
and flammable samples EEx de IIB+H2T5
Safety monitoring unit EEx de[ib] IIC T4
Heaters for oven,
liquid injection valve and heated line
Each heater contains a temperature limiter in addition
to a heating cartridge and temperature sensor. The
limiter switches the heater off shortly before the igni-
tion class temperature is violated.
The electrical connections have a pressurized enclosure.
They are routed into the mounting shaft via a purged
tube. Exhaust openings in the flange ensure good venti-
lation.
Solenoid valve for carrier gas H2
The solenoid valve is classified. The connection cables
are potted.
Classified FID
The detector has no own heater and is classified. The
gas inlets and outlets act as flame barriers. They prevent
sparks from passing outside the heating chamber.
The electrical connections have a pressurized enclosure.
They are routed into the mounting shaft via a purged
tube. Exhaust openings in the flange ensure good venti-
lation.
Classified TCD
The detector has its own heater and is classified. The
gas inlets and outlets act as flame barriers. They prevent
sparks from passing outside the measuring chamber.
The electrical connections are present in a classified
junction box.
A temperature limiter is fitted in the detector housing
because the bridge current additionally heats the detec-
tor. The limiter switches off the bridge current shortly
before the ignition class temperature is reached.
Oven
Heaters
Detector,
flameproof
Electronics
Pressurized area
Explosion protection
10 1EXPLO.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999

MAINTENANCE
OF CLASSIFIED PARTS
According to regulations, the following operations must
only be carried out by:
1Experienced Siemens maintenance specialists on
the user’s premises
2User’s maintenance personnel with assessment by
authorized inspector according to regulations
3SIEMENS factory according to manufacturing
diagram
4Factory of respective manufacturer
WARNING:
The regulations must be observed during
maintenance and repairs! According to the
regulations for maintenance on components
relevant to the explosion protection, work is
only permissible in line with the table below.
Part Adjustment Replacement
Upgrading Repair Limitations Notes
Purging time monitoring equipment 1 2 4 1 2 4
Classified solenoid valves 1 2 (1) (2) (Clean valve)
Restrictors for protective gas 3 1 2 3
Heater for oven, FDV, line 1 2
Temperature limiter 1 2 3+4 1 2
Temperature class, modify limiter type (1) (2) 3 (Advice from 3)
Diaphragm valve Permissible
temperature ≤ 160 °C
TCD 1 2 3
FID 1 2 1 2
Methanizer (1) 2 3 (w. expert’s opinion)
Window, electronics door lock 1 2
Classified cable gland,
Cassified terminals 12
Purging hose for protective gas 1 2 1 2
Gaskets for pressurized inclosure 1 2
Fuses for classified solenoid valves 1 2
Isolating relay: Modex, line contactor 1 2
Isolating amplifier 1 2 4
Numbers in brackets refer to notes in brackets.
Explosion protection
1EXPLO.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999 11

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12 1EXPLO.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999

THE SOFTWARE Page
BIOS (basic input output system) . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Operating system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Specific software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Software in the chromatograph
BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Control software, interface drivers . . . . . . . . . . 3
Software in the control unit
Installation program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Control software, interface drivers . . . . . . . . . . 3
Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Screen operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Supplementary software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Server link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Software in the server
Server software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Interface drivers for coupling modules . . . . . . . . 4
Software in the control system . . . . . 4
THE IBM-COMPATIBLE PC
What happens when switching on . . . . . . . . . . 6
The MS-DOS operating system . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
The CONFIG.SYS file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
The AUTOEXEC.BAT file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Working with subdirectories . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The directories
on the control unit
BEDI directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
KONFIG directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
METH directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
PGCARCH directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
PCPU-2 directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
The directories on the server
SERV directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
SERV\DF32 directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
SERV\DF32\SSnn directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
PCBEDI directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Page
INSTALLATION OF SOFTWARE
Generation of backup copies . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Latest information on software . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Installation of operating
software and configuration . . . . . . . 11
Parameterization of control unit . . . . . . . . . 11
Transmission rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Number of chromatographs in ChromLAN . . . . 11
Use of printer on control unit
for results and alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Synchronization of date and time . . . . . . . . . . 11
Parameterization of number of
reports/chromatograms on the control unit . . . . . 11
Optimizing memory in the control unit . . . . . 12
Checking the memory assignments . . . . . . . . . 12
The various types of memory . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Optimization of hard disk in the control unit . . . 13
Installation of control software . . . . 14
Installation of server software . . . . 15
STARTING THE SOFTWARE
Starting the operating software or GCLAN . . . . 16
Calling the configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Starting the server software . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
A useful batch file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
BEDI and Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
PROBLEMS AND ERRORS
Faulty communication
with the chromatograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Testing the PCPU-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
NETWORKING
People use a telephone! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Chromatographs use interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . 20
How are characters transmitted? . . . . . . . . . . 21
Parallel interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Serial interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Various serial interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Various components for networking . . . . . . . . 23
Examples of networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
MODBUS coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
TELEPERM coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Contents
2INHALT.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999 1

The software
THE SOFTWARE
Modern chromatographs are controlled by micro-
processors which require software containing infor-
mation on what they have to do. In most com-
puters, the software is divided into several levels:
BIOS
Operating system
Specific software.
BIOS (basic input output system)
The BIOS matches the processor to its respective elec-
tronic environment. It contains elementary functions
which are typical for a specific application and which
always remain unchanged. Examples in the case of per-
sonal computers include e.g. output characters on
screen, recognize pressed keys. In the case of chroma-
tographs, these include e.g. selftest, receive control
software via interface, program flash EPROM.
Operating system
The operating system is a collection of programs which
control the more complex functions of the computer. In
the case of personal computers, these include e.g. for-
mat diskettes, interface control, print.
Specific software
These are the functions for which you have really pur-
chased a computer. For example, word processing with
personal computers, or valve control, data processing
etc. in the case of chromatographs.
Chromato
g
raphs
BIOS
MS-DOS 5.0
Control softw. + loader
Configuration
Operation
Server coupling
- ChromLAN
- Printer spooler
- Multitasking
BIOS
Control software
- process
- laboratory
Interface drivers
Control-PC
VGA
386/33
Color
Process control s
y
stems
* Teleperm M
* Simatic S5
* Honeywell TDC3000 Data address lists
Server-PC
VGA
386/33
Color
BIOS
MS-DOS 5.0
- Printer spooler
Interface drivers
- Settings
- ChromLAN
- Multitasking
Server software with
Reduced operation with
Couplin
g
modules for PCs
DF20
DF32 Interface drivers
The software
22SOFTWAR.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999

SOFTWARE IN THE
CHROMATOGRAPH
The chromatograph can carry out analyses auto-
matically without a control unit being connected.
To achieve this, you must
Load the control software and interface driver
Configure the system
Load the methods
Set the analysis parameters.
BIOS
The computer in the chromatograph is called PCPU-2. It
has two EPROMs which contain the BIOS.
Control software, interface drivers
There are flash EPROMs on the PCPU-2 for the control
software and the interface drivers. Flash EPROMs can
be electrically deleted and programmed directly in the
chromatograph.
The control software and the interface drivers must be
loaded from the control computer into the chromato-
graph via a serial interface. Software updates can be
carried out very simply in this manner.
SOFTWARE IN THE CONTROL UNIT
Every IBM-compatible personal computer has the
BIOS in built-in EPROMs. The MS-DOS operating
system must be installed on the hard disk.
Further software which is supplied on several diskettes or
already installed on the hard disk is required to convert the
personal computer into a chromatograph control unit:
Installation program
Control software and interface drivers
Configuration
Screen operation with ChromLAN
If applicable, supplementary software such as
GCLAN, GCARCHIV
If applicable, further special interface drivers
If applicable, server coupling
Installation program
The first diskette contains the installation program. This is
used:
To install the software on the control computer
To load the control software with interface drivers
into the chromatograph. You can select either labor-
atory or process versions, and the use of the inter-
faces.
Control software, interface drivers
The control software for the chromatograph is stored on the
control computer in order to be able to subsequently load it
into the chromatograph.
Configuration
The configuration is used to set the elementary par-
ameters for the chromatograph. These are the par-
ameters which are not often changed, e.g. chromato-
graph type, module designation or valve names.
Screen operations
Operation does not only mean the generation of colour-
ful pictures. Programs are also required which are re-
sponsible for the invisible procedures in the control
computer:
Network software ChromLAN
Network initialization INITCHRO
Multitasking PGCRES
Stores information onto the hard disk in the back-
ground. This information is obtained from the chro-
matographs via ChromLAN, e.g. analytical results,
chromatograms, status.
Printer spooler LPRINT or CPRINT
Passes information on to the printer in the back-
ground. This information is obtained from the chro-
matographs via ChromLAN, e.g. analytical results
or status information.
Supplementary software
The software packages GCLAN and GCARCHIV are
supplied on separate diskettes. The installation program
also copies these programs onto the control computer.
Server link
An additional interface driver is required in Chrom-
LAN networks with servers to link the control unit to
the server. The driver is called TELI and uses the
D3964R protocol on ChromLAN.
The software
2SOFTWAR.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999 3

SOFTWARE IN THE SERVER
Server PCs can be used e.g. to connect several con-
trol units to a ChromLAN loop. Servers can also
reduce the load on the control computer if many
chromatographs are connected.
At least one coupling module must be installed to con-
vert the PC into a server, and additional software is
required. This is supplied on diskettes or already in-
stalled on the hard disk:
Server software
Interface driver
Server software
The server software is supplied on a diskette which
contains a program to install this diskette on the server.
The server software communicates with the chromato-
graphs, control system and control unit via the inter-
faces of the coupling modules. The software collects
data from the chromatographs and passes them on to
the control unit or control system.
The server software must be assigned parameters.
These settings are then stored in parameter files.
Interface drivers for coupling modules
At least one coupling module must be installed in the
server. The module has two serial interfaces. Each mo-
dule has a diskette with interface drivers:
Coupling to a control unit or TELEPERM M using
the D3964R protocol. This driver is called COMDRV
Coupling to a control system with the MODBUS
protocol. This driver is called UNIDRV.
The coupling module and diskette belong together and
only function if they have the same serial number!
SOFTWARE IN THE
CONTROL SYSTEM
The chromatograph information is stored in data struc-
tures in the control system. Data address lists must be
declared when configuring so that the control system
can assign these data.
The software
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The softwareThe software
The IBM-COMPATIBLE PC
Fundamentals are handled here which must be ob-
served when working with IBM-compatible com-
puters. You can find further detailed information
in the User’s Manual of your computer and in ap-
propriate literature.
What happens when switching on
The computer contains an EPROM (BIOS) which con-
tains the elementary functions which must be executed
when the computer is switched on. These functions are:
recognition of keyboard, provision of screen output,
starting of hard disk or diskette drive.
The operating system (MS-DOS) is then loaded from the
hard disk or diskette. The computer then becomes a
little intelligent. For example, you can now copy, delete
or print files.
Special programs are additionally required for specific
tasks, e.g. a text editor, a database system or the chro-
matograph control program.
Once the operating system has been loaded, a prompt
appears on the screen, e.g.
C:>
Two files are very important whilst the operating sys-
tem is being loaded: autoexec.bat and config.sys.
The MS-DOS operating system
The operating system is a collection of programs which
control the basic operations of the computer. Examples
of operating system files include:
COMMAND.COM MS-DOS command processor
CONFIG.SYS Operating system configuration
ANSI.SYS System file
APPEND.COM Defines file path
AUTOEXEC.BAT Batch file for switching on
CHKDSK.EXE Checks diskettes
DISKCOPY.EXE Copies diskettes
EDLIN.EXE Small editor
FORMAT.COM Formats diskettes
MODE.EXE Controls interfaces
PRINT.EXE Prints in background
XCOPY.EXE Copies directories/files
The CONFIG.SYS file
This file contains information for the operating system.
You will probably never change this file. It could be the
case, however, that its information is incomplete or in-
correct. It should at least contain:
buffers=30
files=30
device=c:\dos\himem.sys
device=c:\dos\emm386.exe noems
dos=high,umb
country=001,,c:\dos\country.sys
The AUTOEXEC.BAT file
This file contains commands which are automatically
executed as soon as the operating system is loaded. The
following contents are typical, but not binding:
path=c:\;c:\dos
lh keyb us,,c:\dos\keyboard.sys
prompt $p$g
cd \bedi
In this case a path is generated, the American keyboard
driver is loaded, and the prompt of MS-DOS emphas-
ized. The directory \bedi is then selected.
You can also enter the name of your user program here
at the end (e.g. BEDI). This operating software is then
started automatically when you switch on your com-
puter.
Directories
A directory structure is produced on the control com-
puter. Directories can be compared with files in a
cabinet. The filing cabinet corresponds to the hard
disk c:. A directory can be divided into subdirectories.
C: \BEDI
\KONFIG
\PCPU-2 \DRIVER1
\DRIVER2
\DRIVER3
\DRIVER4
\METH \CUMOL
\TEST
\4801
\WACHS
\PGCARCH \GC0101
\GC0102
\GC0103
:
\GC0115
\GC0201
\GC0202
:
\GC0215
When and why the chromatograph software generates
the directories in this manner is explained further
below.
The software
62SOFTWAR.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999

Working with subdirectories
You must be acquainted with a number of functions so
that you can organize your files meaningfully in hierar-
chical directories:
Generation of subdirectories
Deletion of subdirectories
Changing from root directory to a subdirectory.
Generation of subdirectories
If you enter the command MD CUMOL in the directory
c:\meth, for example, you generate a sub-subdirectory
cumol in the subdirectory meth. The complete name of
this sub-subdirectory is c:\meth\cumol.
Deletion of subdirectories
If you enter the command RD CUMOL in the directory
c:\meth, for example, you delete the subdirectory
cumol. Prerequisite: no files or further subdirectories
may be present in the directory cumol. You are thus
prevented from deleting files by mistake which you
have forgotten.
Changing directories
If you enter the command CD CUMOL in the subdirectory
c:\meth, for example, you change to the sub-subdirec-
tory cumol. Please note:
You can change forwards e.g. from the root direc-
tory to the subdirectory c:\meth using CD METH or
CD \METH.
You can change backwards e.g. from the sub-subdi-
rectory c:\meth\cumol to the subdirectory c:\meth
using
CD \METH only.
You must always enter the backslash ("\") if you wish
to change backwards or across from subdirectories. Be-
cause the backslash is difficult to find on some com-
puters, here is a trick: you can also move backwards by
one subdirectory at a time using the command CD.. !
You can omit the backslash in the forward direction.
Example: you can change from the directory
c:\meth\cumol to the directory c:\pgcarch\gc0102 if
you enter:
c:\meth\cumol> cd..
c:\meth> cd..
c:\> cd pgcarch
c:\pgcarch> cd gc0102
c:\pgcarch\gc0102>
NOTE:
The bold MS-DOS prompt in the above example shows which
directory you are currently in. This only functions if the com-
mand prompt $p$g is entered in the file autoexec.bat!
Files
Files are present in all directories and have names such
as e.g. konfig.exe. The dot may be preceded by up to
eight letters. These help the user to find his file.
The dot can be followed by up to three letters which
identify the extension. These letters are used to classify
the files. Certain extensions have a fixed meaning:
.EXE These are programs which can be called by typing their
name.
Example: konfig.exe can be started by typing: konfig
[Return] .
.COM These are programs similar to the .exe files.
.BAT These are files in which commands are stored which
would otherwise have to be entered at the DOS level
itself.
Example: A file k.bat could contain the following
commands:
cd \konfig
konfig
cd \bedi
cls
The file k.bat is started by typing: k[Return]. This
results in starting of the configuration software
Path
Files can only be reached using their names if they are
present in the current directory. For example, if you are
in the directory c:\ and wish to start the file bedi.bat in
the directory \bedi, you must either first change to the
directory \bedi or enter the name with its path:
\bedi\bedi. Examples:
c:\ This is the root directory
\bedi This is a subdirectory, but could also
be the file bedi in the main directory.
\bedi\koli.dbf This is a file in the subdirectory
The software
2SOFTWAR.CHP, Stand Dezember 22, 1999 7