SMA Solar Technology SUNNY BOY 1300TL User manual

ServiceManual
SUNNYBOY1300TL/1600TL/2100TL
SB13-21TL-SG-en-11 | Version 1.1 AMERICAN ENGLISH

Table of Contents
1 Information on this Document ................................................. 4
1.1 Validity................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Target Group...................................................................................... 4
1.3 Symbols .............................................................................................. 4
1.4 Nomenclature..................................................................................... 5
2 Safety......................................................................................... 6
2.1 Safety Information.............................................................................. 6
2.2 Disconnecting the Inverter from Voltage Sources ............................ 7
3 Cleaning the Inverter................................................................ 10
4 Troubleshooting ........................................................................ 11
4.1 Error Messages .................................................................................. 11
4.2 Red LED is Glowing Continuously..................................................... 16
4.2.1 Procedure for Troubleshooting...................................................... 16
4.2.2 Checking the PV System for Ground Faults.................................. 16
4.2.3 Checking the Function of the Varistors.......................................... 19
4.2.4 Replacing the Varistors.................................................................. 20
5 Recommissioning the Inverter.................................................. 22
6 Decommissioning the Inverter ................................................. 24
7 Spare Parts................................................................................ 25
8 Contact....................................................................................... 26
Table of Contents SMA Solar Technology AG
Service ManualSB13-21TL-SG-en-112

Legal Provisions
The information contained in these documents is property of SMA Solar Technology AG. Any
publication, whether in whole or in part, requires prior written approval by SMA Solar Technology
AG. Internal reproduction used solely for the purpose of product evaluation or other proper use is
allowed and does not require prior approval.
SMA Warranty
You can download the current warranty conditions from the Internet at www.SMA-Solar.com.
Trademarks
All trademarks are recognized, even if not explicitly identified as such. A lack of identification does
not mean that a product or symbol is not trademarked.
The BLUETOOTH® word mark and logos are registered trademarks of BluetoothSIG,Inc. and any
use of these marks by SMASolarTechnologyAG is under license.
Modbus® is a registered trademark of Schneider Electric and is licensed by the Modbus
Organization, Inc.
QR Code is a registered trademark of DENSO WAVE INCORPORATED.
Phillips® and Pozidriv® are registered trademarks of Phillips Screw Company.
Torx® is a registered trademark of Acument Global Technologies, Inc.
SMA Solar Technology AG
Sonnenallee 1
34266 Niestetal
Germany
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
www.SMA.de
E-mail: [email protected]
© 2004 to 2014 SMA Solar Technology AG. All rights reserved.
Legal Provisions
SMA Solar Technology AG
Service Manual 3SB13-21TL-SG-en-11

1 Information on this Document
1.1 Validity
This document describes how to rectify certain errors and how to replace defective components.
This document supplements the documents that are enclosed with each product and does not
replace any locally applicable standards or directives. Read and observe all documents supplied
with the product.
This document is valid for the following device types from firmware version4.50:
• SunnyBoy1300TL (SB1300TL-10)
• SunnyBoy1600TL (SB1600TL-10)
• SunnyBoy2100TL (SB2100TL)
1.2 Target Group
The tasks described in this document must only be performed by qualified persons. Qualified
persons must have the following skills:
• Registered qualification for electrically qualified person, level1 and2
• Knowledge of how an inverter works and is operated
• Training in how to deal with the dangers and risks associated with installing and using
electrical devices and installations
• Training in the installation and commissioning of electrical devices and installations
• Knowledge of the applicable standards and directives
• Knowledge of and compliance with this document and all safety information
• Knowledge of building structures and building materials
1.3 Symbols
Symbol Explanation
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, can result in death or serious injury
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, can result in minor or moderate injury
Indicates a situation which, if not avoided, can
result in property damage
Information that is important for a specific topic
or goal, but is not safety-relevant
Indicates a requirement for meeting a specific
goal
1 Information on this Document SMA Solar Technology AG
Service ManualSB13-21TL-SG-en-114

Symbol Explanation
Desired result
A problem that might occur
1.4 Nomenclature
Complete designation Designation in this document
Sunny Boy Inverter, product
Electronic Solar Switch ESS
SMA BLUETOOTH Wireless Technology BLUETOOTH
1 Information on this Document
SMA Solar Technology AG
Service Manual 5SB13-21TL-SG-en-11

2 Safety
2.1 Safety Information
This section contains safety information that must be observed at all times when working on or with
the product.
To prevent personal injury and property damage and to ensure long-term operation of the product,
read this section carefully and observe all safety information at all times.
Danger to life due to high voltages of the PV array
When exposed to sunlight, the PV array generates dangerous DC voltage which is present in the
DC conductors and the live components of the inverter. Touching the DC conductors or the live
components can lead to lethal electric shocks. If you disconnect the DC connectors from the
inverter under load, an electric arc may occur leading to electric shock and burns.
• Do not touch uninsulated cable ends.
• Do not touch the DC conductors.
• Do not touch any live components of the inverter.
• Have the inverter mounted, installed and commissioned only by qualified persons with the
appropriate skills.
• If an error occurs, have it rectified by qualified persons only.
• Prior to performing any work on the inverter, disconnect it from all voltage sources as
described in this document (see Section2.2 "Disconnecting the Inverter from Voltage
Sources", page7).
Danger to life due to electric shock
Touching an ungrounded PV module or array frame can cause a fatal electric shock.
• Connect and ground the PV modules, array frame and electrically conductive surfaces so
that there is continuous conduction. Observe the applicable local regulations.
Risk of burns due to hot enclosure parts
Some parts of the enclosure can get hot during operation.
• During operation, do not touch any parts other than the enclosure lid of the inverter.
Risk of burns from hot heat sink
During operation, the heat sink at the top of the inverter can reach temperatures of over 70°C.
• Do not touch the heat sink.
• If the heat sink is soiled, clean it with a soft brush or a vacuum cleaner.
2 Safety SMA Solar Technology AG
Service ManualSB13-21TL-SG-en-116

Damage to the seal of the enclosure lid in sub-zero conditions
If you open the enclosure lid in sub-zero conditions, the sealing of the enclosure lid can be
damaged. This can lead to moisture entering the inverter.
• Do not open the inverter at ambient temperatures lower than -5°C.
• If a layer of ice has formed on the seal of the enclosure lid in sub-zero conditions, remove it
prior to opening the inverter (e.g. by melting the ice with warm air). Observe the applicable
safety regulations.
Dust and water intrusion can damage the inverter.
If the inverter is equipped with an ESS, the inverter complies with degree of protection IP65 when
the ESS is plugged in and the inverter is closed.
If the ESS is not plugged in, moisture and dust can penetrate and damage the inverter. In order to
sufficiently protect the inverter during decommissioning, the DC inputs must be closed.
• Unlock and remove all DC connectors.
• Open all DC connectors.
• Close all DC inputs with the corresponding DC connectors and the supplied sealing plugs.
• Securely plug the ESS back in.
Damage to the display or the type label due to the use of cleaning agents
• If the inverter is dirty, clean the enclosure, the enclosure lid, the type label, the display and
the LEDs with a damp cloth only.
Damage to the inverter due to the use of cleaning agents
• If the inverter is dirty, clean the enclosure, the enclosure lid, the type label and the LEDs using
only clean water and a cloth.
2.2 Disconnecting the Inverter from Voltage Sources
Prior to performing any work on the inverter, always disconnect it from all voltage sources as
described in this section. Always adhere to the prescribed sequence.
Destruction of the measuring device due to overvoltage
• Only use measuring devices with a DC input voltage range of 600V or higher.
2 Safety
SMA Solar Technology AG
Service Manual 7SB13-21TL-SG-en-11

Procedure:
1. Disconnect the circuit breaker and secure it against reconnection.
2. If an external DC load-break switch is installed, disconnect it from all voltage sources.
3. If an ESS is installed, carefully remove the ESS.
4. If the fault indicator relay is used, switch off the load supply voltage, if necessary.
5. Wait until the LEDs and the display have gone out.
6. Use a current clamp to ensure that no current is present in the DC cables.
7. Release and remove all DC connectors. Insert a
flat-blade screwdriver or an angled screwdriver
(blade width:3.5mm) into one of the side slots
and pull the DC connectors straight out. Do not
pull on the cable.
8. Ensure that no voltage is present at the DC
inputs on the inverter.
9. Pull the AC connection socket out of the AC pin
connector on the inverter. Turn the bush insert of
the AC connection socket to the left until the AC
connection socket releases.
10.
Danger to life due to high voltages
The capacitors in the inverter take tenminutes to discharge.
• Wait tenminutes before opening the inverter.
2 Safety SMA Solar Technology AG
Service ManualSB13-21TL-SG-en-118

11.
Damage to the inverter due to electrostatic discharge
Touching electronic components can cause damage to or destroy the inverter through
electrostatic discharge.
• Ground yourself before touching any component.
2 Safety
SMA Solar Technology AG
Service Manual 9SB13-21TL-SG-en-11

3 Cleaning the Inverter
Risk of burns from hot heat sink
During operation, the heat sink at the top of the inverter can reach temperatures of over 70°C.
• Do not touch the heat sink.
• If the heat sink is soiled, clean it with a soft brush or a vacuum cleaner.
Damage to the display or the type label due to the use of cleaning agents
• If the inverter is dirty, clean the enclosure, the enclosure lid, the type label, the display and
the LEDs with a damp cloth only.
3 Cleaning the Inverter SMA Solar Technology AG
Service ManualSB13-21TL-SG-en-1110

4 Troubleshooting
4.1 Error Messages
Errors, disturbances and warnings are shown in the display and start in the first line with the word
"Error", "Disturbance" or "Warning". In the second line of the display, the cause of the error,
disturbance or warning is shown.
Message Cause and corrective measure
!PV-Overvoltage! !! - !
DISCONNECT DC!
Overvoltage at the DC input. This can destroy the inverter.
This message is additionally highlighted by rapid flashing of the
backlight.
Corrective measures:
• Disconnect the circuit breaker.
• If installed, disconnect the external DC load-break switch.
• If an ESS is plugged in, remove it.
• Unlock and remove all DC connectors using a screwdriver
(blade width: 3.5mm):
– Insert the screwdriver into one of the side slots.
– Remove the DC connectors.
• Check whether the DC voltage is below the maximum input
voltage of the inverter. If the DC voltage is below the maximum
input voltage of the inverter, reconnect the DC connectors to
the inverter.
If the DC voltage is above the maximum input voltage of the
inverter, check the PV system design or contact the installer of
the PV array.
• If this message is repeated frequently, disconnect the inverter
from voltage sources (see Section2.2 "Disconnecting the
Inverter from Voltage Sources", page7) and contact the
SMAServiceLine.
4 Troubleshooting
SMA Solar Technology AG
Service Manual 11SB13-21TL-SG-en-11

Message Cause and corrective measure
ACVtgRPro The ten-minute average value of the grid voltage is no longer within
the permissible range. The grid voltage or grid impedance at the
connection point is too high. The inverter disconnects from the utility
grid to maintain power quality.
Corrective measures:
• Check whether the grid voltage at the connection point of the
inverter is permanently in the permissible range.
If the line voltage is 253V or higher, contact the grid operator.
Ask the grid operator whether the voltage can be adapted at
the feed-in point or whether it would be acceptable to change
the threshold of the ACVtgRPro/Voltage increase
protection parameter.
If the grid voltage is permanently within the permissible range
and this message is still displayed, contact the
SMAServiceLine.
Bfr-Srr Internal measurement comparison fault or hardware defect.
Corrective measures:
• Contact the SMAServiceLine if this disturbance occurs
frequently.
Check PE The grounding cable is not connected.
Corrective measures:
• Ensure that the AC cable is correctly connected (see the
operating manual of the inverter).
• If the AC cable is connected correctly and this message is still
displayed, contact the SMAServiceLine.
Derating The inverter reduces its power output due to overheating.
Corrective measures:
• Ensure sufficient ventilation.
dI-Mess Deviation in the differential current measurement. If this message is
displayed frequently, permanent operation inhibition will be trig-
gered.
Corrective measures:
• Contact the SMAServiceLine.
4 Troubleshooting SMA Solar Technology AG
Service ManualSB13-21TL-SG-en-1112

Message Cause and corrective measure
dI
Fault Curr-current control
unit
The inverter has detected a change in the differential current. A
change in the differential current can be caused by a ground fault,
residual current or a malfunction. The inverter disconnects from the
utility grid.
Corrective measures:
• If none of the above causes apply and this message is still
displayed, ensure that the PV system is insulated correctly and
that no ground fault is present (see Section4.2.2 "Checking the
PV System for Ground Faults", page16).
EEPROM Temporary disturbance during reading or writing of data from the
EEPROM. The data is not essential for safe operation.
This message is for information purposes and has no effect on the
performance of the inverter.
EEPROM Data EEPROM defective. The inverter switches off because the loss
of data has disabled important inverter functions.
Corrective measures:
• Contact the SMAServiceLine.
EeRestore One of the duplicate records in the EEPROM is defective and has
been reconstructed without loss of data.
This error message is only for information purposes and has no ef-
fect on the performance of the inverter.
Fac
Fac-Bfr
FacFast
Fac-Srr
The power frequency is outside the permissible range. The inverter
has disconnected from the utility grid.
Corrective measures:
• Ensure that the AC cable is correctly connected (see the
operating manual of the inverter).
• Ensure that the power frequency is within the permissible range.
• If the power frequency is in the permissible range and this
message is still displayed, contact the SMAServiceLine.
GOOSE Timeout No valid GOOSE commands have been received for one minute.
The GOOSE-GoAppID is incorrectly configured or no data can be
transmitted.
Corrective measures:
• Check the network cabling and the parameter setting.
• Load default values if GOOSE has been activated
inadvertently.
4 Troubleshooting
SMA Solar Technology AG
Service Manual 13SB13-21TL-SG-en-11

Message Cause and corrective measure
Iac-DC_Offs-Srr
Iac-DC_Offs-Bfr
Excessive DC current has been detected during feed-in operation.
Corrective measures:
• Ensure that the grid conditions are complied with.
• If this message is displayed frequently or recurrently, contact
the SMAServiceLine.
Imax Overcurrent on the AC side. The current at the AC terminal is higher
than specified.
Corrective measures:
• Ensure that the PV system is designed correctly.
• Ensure that the grid conditions are complied with.
K1-Close
K1-Open
K2-Open
Fault during relay test.
Corrective measures:
• If this disturbance occurs frequently or several times
consecutively, contact the SMAServiceLine.
MSD-dI
MSD‑Fac
MSD-Vac
MSD-Timeout
Internal measurement comparison fault or the hardware is defective.
Corrective measures:
• If this message is displayed frequently, contact the
SMAServiceLine.
Offset Disturbance in recording measured values.
Corrective measures:
• If this message is displayed frequently, contact the
SMAServiceLine.
Earthfault The electrical insulation between the PV system and ground is defec-
tive. The resistance between the positive and negative DC terminal
to ground is outside the permissible range.
Corrective measures:
• Ensure that the PV system is insulated correctly.
• Check the PV array for ground faults (see Section4.2.2, page16
).
ROM The inverter firmware is faulty.
Corrective measures:
• If this message is displayed frequently, contact the
SMAServiceLine.
Shutdown Temporary inverter disturbance.
Corrective measures:
• Contact the SMAServiceLine.
4 Troubleshooting SMA Solar Technology AG
Service ManualSB13-21TL-SG-en-1114

Message Cause and corrective measure
STM Timeout Internal program run disturbance
Corrective measures:
• If this message is displayed frequently, contact the
SMAServiceLine.
Vac-Bfr
Vac-Srr
The line voltage is no longer within the permissible range. The in-
verter has disconnected from the utility grid for safety reasons. This
can be caused by one of the following:
• The circuit breaker is switched off.
• The AC cable is interrupted or highly resistive.
Corrective measures:
• Ensure that the AC cable is correctly connected (see the
operating manual of the inverter).
• Ensure that the grid voltage is in the permissible range.
• Ask the grid operator for permission to change the parameters
Vac-Min / Voltage monitoring upper minimum threshold
and Vac-Max / Voltage monitoring lower maximum
threshold.
• If the AC cable is connected correctly, the grid voltage is within
the permissible range and this message is still displayed,
contact the SMAServiceLine.
UpvMax Overvoltage at the DC input. This can destroy the inverter.
Corrective measures:
1. Disconnect the circuit breaker.
2. If there is an external DC load-break switch, turn it off.
3. If an ESS is plugged in, remove it.
4. Unlock and remove all DC connectors using a screwdriver
(blade width: 3.5mm):
• Insert the screwdriver into one of the side slots.
• Remove the DC connectors.
5. Check whether the DC voltage is below the maximum input
voltage of the inverter. If the DC voltage is below the maximum
input voltage of the inverter, reconnect the DC connectors to
the inverter.
If the DC voltage is above the maximum input voltage of the
inverter, check the design of the PV system.
6. If this message is repeated frequently, disconnect the inverter
from voltage sources (see Section2.2, page7) and contact the
SMAServiceLine.
4 Troubleshooting
SMA Solar Technology AG
Service Manual 15SB13-21TL-SG-en-11

Message Cause and corrective measure
Uzwk The internal hardware monitoring system has detected an overvolt-
age in the DC link of the inverter.
Corrective measures:
• If this message is displayed frequently, contact the
SMAServiceLine.
Watchdog
Watchdog CCU
Internal program run disturbance
Corrective measures:
• If this message is displayed frequently, contact the
SMAServiceLine.
4.2 Red LED is Glowing Continuously
4.2.1 Procedure for Troubleshooting
If the red LED is continuously glowing during operation, there is a ground fault in the PV array or at
least one of the varistors for overvoltage protection is defective.
Procedure See
1. Check the PV array for ground faults. Section4.2.2, page16
2. If the red LED continues to glow, check
the function of the varistors.
Section4.2.3, page19
4.2.2 Checking the PV System for Ground Faults
If the red LED is glowing and the inverter displays the message Riso or the communication product
displays the message Insulation error, there is a ground fault in the PV array. The electrical
insulation between the PV system and ground is defective or insufficient.
If the inverter displays the event numbers 3501, 3601 or 3701, there could be a ground fault. The
electrical insulation from the PV system to ground is defective or insufficient.
Danger to life due to electric shock
In the event of a ground fault, high voltages can be present.
• Touch the cables of the PV array on the insulation only.
• Do not touch any parts of the substructure or frame of the PV array.
• Do not connect PV strings with ground faults to the inverter.
Destruction of the measuring device due to overvoltage
• Only use measuring devices with a DC input voltage range of 600V or higher.
4 Troubleshooting SMA Solar Technology AG
Service ManualSB13-21TL-SG-en-1116

Procedure:
In order to check the PV system for ground faults, perform the following actions in the prescribed
order. The exact procedure is described in the sections below.
• Check the PV system for ground faults by measuring the voltage.
• If the voltage measurement was not successful, check the PV system via insulation resistance
measurement for ground faults.
Test by Measuring the Voltage
Proceed as follows to check each string in the PV system for ground faults.
Procedure:
1.
Danger to life due to high voltages
• Disconnect the inverter from all voltage sources (see Section2.2, page7).
2. Measure the voltages:
• Measure the voltages between the positive terminal and the ground potential (PE).
• Measure the voltage between the negative terminal and the ground potential (PE).
• Measure the voltages between the positive and negative terminals.
If the following results are present at the same time, there is a ground fault in the PV
system:
☑ All measured voltages are stable.
☑ The sum of the two voltages to ground potential is approximately equal to the
voltage between the positive and negative terminals.
• If a ground fault is present, determine the location of the ground fault via the ratio of the
two measured voltages and eliminate the ground fault.
Example: Location of the ground fault
The example shows a ground fault between the second and third PV module.
4 Troubleshooting
SMA Solar Technology AG
Service Manual 17SB13-21TL-SG-en-11

3. If a definite ground fault cannot be measured and the message is still displayed, measure the
insulation resistance.
4. Reconnect the strings without ground faults to the inverter and recommission the inverter (see
Section5, page22).
Test by Measuring the Insulation Resistance
If the voltage measurement does not accurately indicate a ground fault, the insulation resistance
measurement can provide more detailed results.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the measurement
Calculating the insulation resistance
The expected total resistance of the PV system or of an individual string can be calculated
using the following formula:
total
The exact insulation resistance of a PV module can be obtained from the module manufacturer
or the datasheet.
For the resistance of a PV module an average value can be assumed: for thin-film PV modules
approximately 40MOhm and for polycrystalline and monocrystalline PV modules
approximately50MOhm per PV module (for further information on calculating the insulation
resistance see the Technical Information "Insulation Resistance (Riso) of Non-Galvanically
Isolated PV Systems" at www.SMA-Solar.com).
Required devices:
☐ Suitable device for safe disconnection and short-circuiting
☐ Measuring device for insulation resistance
Device required for safe disconnection and short-circuiting of the PV array
The insulation resistance can only be measured with a suitable device for safe disconnection
and short-circuiting of the PV array. If no suitable device is available, the insulation
measurement must not be carried out.
4 Troubleshooting SMA Solar Technology AG
Service ManualSB13-21TL-SG-en-1118

Procedure:
1. Calculate the expected insulation resistance per string.
2.
Danger to life due to high voltages
• Disconnect the inverter from all voltage sources (see Section2.2, page7).
3. Install the short circuit device.
4. Connect the measuring device for insulation resistance.
5. Short-circuit the first string.
6. Set the test voltage. The test voltage should be as close as possible to the maximum system
voltage of the PV modules but must not exceed it (see datasheet of the PV modules).
7. Measure the insulation resistance.
8. Eliminate the short circuit.
9. Measure the remaining strings in the same manner.
☑ If the insulation resistance of a string deviates considerably from the theoretically
calculated value, there is a ground fault present in the that string.
10. Reconnect only those strings to the inverter from which the ground fault has been eliminated.
11. Reconnect all other strings to the inverter.
12. Recommission the inverter (see Section5, page22).
13. If the inverter still displays an insulation error, contact the SMAServiceLine. The PV modules
might not be suitable for the inverter in the present quantity.
4.2.3 Checking the Function of the Varistors
Figure 2: Varistors inside the inverter
Position Designation
A Upper varistor lead
4 Troubleshooting
SMA Solar Technology AG
Service Manual 19SB13-21TL-SG-en-11

Position Designation
B Middle varistor lead
C Lower varistor lead with loop
Destruction of the inverter due to overvoltage
If varistors are missing, the inverter is no longer protected against overvoltage.
• Do not operate the inverter without varistors in PV systems with a high risk of overvoltages.
• Do not recommission the inverter until the defective varistors have been replaced.
If no ground fault was detected in the PV system, check the function of the varistors as described
below:
Procedure:
1.
Danger to life due to high voltages
• Disconnect the inverter from all voltage sources (see Section2.2, page7).
2. Remove all screws from the enclosure lid and pull the enclosure lid forward smoothly.
3. Remove the grounding conductor from the bottom of the enclosure lid.
4. Use a measuring device to measure whether
there is a conductive connection between the
upper and the middle varistor lead.
If there is no conductive connection, the varistor is defective. SMASolarTechnologyAG
recommends replacing all varistors immediately.
4.2.4 Replacing the Varistors
Proceed as follows to replace each varistor.
Procedure:
1.
Danger to life due to high voltages
Disconnect the inverter from all voltage sources and open the enclosure lid (see Section2.2,
page7).
2. Remove all screws from the enclosure lid and pull the enclosure lid forward smoothly.
3. Remove the grounding conductor from the bottom of the enclosure lid.
4 Troubleshooting SMA Solar Technology AG
Service ManualSB13-21TL-SG-en-1120