SunFounder 3in1 Kit User manual

SunFounder 3in1 Kit
www.sunfounder.com
Sep 26, 2023

CONTENTS
1 Components List and Introduction 3
1.1 Arduino Uno R4 Minima ......................................... 4
1.2 ESP8266 Module ............................................. 7
1.3 Breadboard ................................................ 10
1.4 Resistor .................................................. 11
1.5 Capacitor ................................................. 14
1.6 Jumper Wires ............................................... 16
1.7 74HC595 ................................................. 16
1.8 LED ................................................... 18
1.9 RGB LED ................................................ 19
1.10 7-segment Display ............................................ 21
1.11 I2C LCD1602 .............................................. 24
1.12 Buzzer .................................................. 26
1.13 TT Motor ................................................. 27
1.14 Servo ................................................... 28
1.15 Centrifugal Pump ............................................. 31
1.16 L9110 Motor Driver Module ....................................... 32
1.17 Button .................................................. 34
1.18 Reed Switch ............................................... 35
1.19 Potentiometer ............................................... 36
1.20 Joystick Module ............................................. 38
1.21 IR Receiver ................................................ 39
1.22 Photoresistor ............................................... 42
1.23 Thermistor ................................................ 43
1.24 DHT11 Humiture Sensor ......................................... 44
1.25 Line Tracking Module .......................................... 46
1.26 Soil Moisture Module .......................................... 47
1.27 Obstacle Avoidance Module ....................................... 49
1.28 Ultrasonic Module ............................................ 50
2 Get Started with Arduino 53
2.1 What is Arduino? ............................................. 53
2.2 What can Arduino do? .......................................... 53
2.3 How to build an Arduino Project ..................................... 54
3 Download the Code 85
4 Basic Projects 87
4.1 1. Digital Write .............................................. 87
4.2 2. Analog Write ............................................. 96
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4.3 3. Digital Read .............................................. 104
4.4 4. Analog Read .............................................. 117
4.5 5. More Syntax .............................................. 132
4.6 6. Funny Project ............................................. 194
5 Car Projects 219
5.1 Assemble the Car ............................................. 219
5.2 1. Move .................................................. 230
5.3 2. Move by Code ............................................. 235
5.4 3. Speed Up ............................................... 238
5.5 4. Follow the line ............................................. 239
5.6 5. Play with Obstacle Avoidance Module ................................ 244
5.7 6. Play with Ultrasonic Module ..................................... 248
5.8 7. Follow Your Hand ........................................... 251
5.9 8. Self-Driving Car ............................................ 253
5.10 9. Remote Control ............................................ 256
5.11 10. One Touch Start ........................................... 261
5.12 11. Speed Calibration .......................................... 263
6 IoT Projects 267
6.1 1. Get Started with Blynk ........................................ 268
6.2 2. Get Data from Blynk ......................................... 280
6.3 3. Push Data to Blynk .......................................... 290
6.4 4. Cloud Music Player .......................................... 295
6.5 5. Home Environment Monitoring .................................... 301
6.6 6. Plant Monitor ............................................. 309
6.7 7. Current Limiting Gate ......................................... 316
6.8 8. IoT Car ................................................. 323
7 FAQ 333
7.1 How to use Blynk on mobile device? .................................. 333
7.2 How to re-burn the firmware for ESP8266 module? ........................... 335
8 Thank You 345
9 Copyright Notice 347
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SunFounder 3in1 Kit
When you bought a learning kit online, did it come with a simple PDF or booklet with only the steps to build the
project?
Or maybe you want to build your own smart car, but the ones you find online are pricey and complicated
Or have you seen useful and interesting IoT projects made by others, but have no idea where to start?
All these problems can be solved with our 3 in 1 starter kit.
In the 3-in-1 starter kit, you will find a complete Arduino course to help beginners learn Arduino, as well as a wide
variety of interesting projects that other learning kits do not offer, such as smart car projects and IoT projects. You will
master Arduino as long as you follow the kit’s course step by step, instead of just copying and pasting code, you will
write your own code and implement your Arduino project however you like.
Come on! Start programing Arduino with confidence from zero to hero!
If you have any questions or other interesting ideas, feel free to send an email to [e-mail].
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CONTENTS 1

SunFounder 3in1 Kit
2 CONTENTS

CHAPTER
ONE
COMPONENTS LIST AND INTRODUCTION
After opening the package, please check whether the quantity of components is compliance with product description
and whether all components are in good condition.
Below is the introduction to each component, which contains the operating principle of the component and the corre-
sponding projects.
Control Board
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1.1 Arduino Uno R4 Minima
Overview
Enhanced and improved, the Arduino UNO R4 Minima is armed with a powerful 32-bit microcontroller courtesy
of Renesas. Brace yourself for increased processing power, expanded memory, and a whole new level of on-board
peripherals. The best part? Compatibility with existing shields and accessories remains intact, and there’s no need to
make any changes to the standard form factor or 5 V operating voltage.
Joining the Arduino ecosystem, the UNO R4 is a trusty addition suitable for both beginners and seasoned electronics
enthusiasts. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to push the boundaries of your projects, this robust board
delivers reliable performance every time.
Here’s what the UNO R4 Minima brings to the table:
•Hardware compatibility with UNO form factor: The UNO R4 Minima maintains the same form factor, pinout,
and 5 V operating voltage as its predecessor, the UNO R3. This ensures a seamless transition for existing shields
and projects, leveraging the extensive and unique ecosystem already established for the Arduino UNO.
•Expanded memory and faster clock: Prepare for more precise calculations and the ability to handle complex
projects with ease. The UNO R4 Minima boasts increased memory and a faster clock speed, empowering you to
tackle demanding tasks effortlessly.
•Extra on-board peripherals: The UNO R4 Minima introduces a range of on-board peripherals, including a 12-
bit DAC, CAN BUS, and OP AMP. These additional components provide you with expanded capabilities and
flexibility in your designs.
•Extended 24 V tolerance: The UNO R4 Minima now supports a wider input voltage range, allowing power
supplies up to 24 V. This enables seamless integration with motors, LED strips, and other actuators, simplifying
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your projects by utilizing a single power source.
•SWD connector: Debugging is a critical aspect of any project. Simply connect an external debugger to the UNO
R4 Minima and effortlessly monitor the inner workings of your system. Stay in control and gain valuable insights.
•HID support: The UNO R4 Minima comes with built-in HID (Human Interface Device) support, enabling it to
simulate a mouse or keyboard when connected to a computer via a USB cable. This convenient feature makes it
a breeze to send keystrokes and mouse movements to a computer, enhancing usability and functionality.
Tech specs
•Board:
–Name: Arduino®UNO R4 Minima
–SKU: ABX00080
•Microcontroller: Renesas RA4M1 (Arm®Cortex®-M4)
•USB: USB-C®Programming Port
•Pins:
–Digital I/O Pins: 14
–Analog input pin: 6
–DAC: 1
–PWM pins: 6
•Communication
–UART: Yes, 1x
–I2C: Yes, 1x
–SPI: Yes, 1x
–CAN: Yes 1 CAN Bus
•Power
–Circuit operating voltage: 5 V
–Input voltage (VIN): 6-24 V
–DC Current per I/O Pin: 8 mA
•Clock speed Main core 48 MHz
•Memory RA4M1 256 kB Flash, 32 kB RAM
•Dimensions
–Width: 68.85 mm
–Length: 53.34 mm
Pinout
1.1. Arduino Uno R4 Minima 5

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1.2 ESP8266 Module
The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip, with built-in TCP/IP networking software, and microcontroller capability,
produced by Espressif Systems in Shanghai, China.
The chip first came to the attention of Western makers in August 2014 with the ESP-01 module, made by a third-
party manufacturer Ai-Thinker. This small module allows microcontrollers to connect to a Wi-Fi network and make
simple TCP/IP connections using Hayes-style commands. However, at first, there was almost no English-language
documentation on the chip and the commands it accepted. The very low price and the fact that there were very few
external components on the module, which suggested that it could eventually be very inexpensive in volume, attracted
many hackers to explore the module, the chip, and the software on it, as well as to translate the Chinese documentation.
Pins of ESP8266 and their functions:
1.2. ESP8266 Module 7

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Table 1: ESP8266-01 Pins
Pin Name Description
1 TXD UART_TXD, sending; General Purpose Input/Outpu: GPIO1; Pull-down is
not allowed when startup.
2 GND GND
3 CU_PD Working at high level; Power off when low level is supplied.
4 GPIO2 It should be high level when power on, hardware pull-down is not allowed;
Pull-up by default;
5 RST External Reset signal, reset when low level is supplied; work when high level
is supplied (high level by default);
6 GPIO0 WiFi Status indicator; Operation mode selection: Pull-up: Flash Boot, op-
eration mode; Pull-down: UART Download, download mode
7 VCC Power Supply(3.3V)
8 RXD UART_RXDReceiving; General Purpose Input/Output: GPIO3;
•ESP8266 - Espressif
•ESP8266 AT Instruction Set
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1.2.1 ESP8266 Adapter
The ESP8266 adapter is an expansion board that allows the ESP8266 module to be used on a breadboard.
It perfectly matches the pins of the ESP8266 itself, and also adds a 5V pin to receive the voltage from the Arduino
board. The integrated AMS1117 chip is used to drive the ESP8266 module after dropping the voltage to 3.3V.
The schematic diagram is as follows:
Example
1.2. ESP8266 Module 9

SunFounder 3in1 Kit
•IoT Projects (IoT Project)
Basic
1.3 Breadboard
A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. Originally the word referred to a literal bread board,
a polished piece of wood used for slicing bread.[1] In the 1970s the solderless breadboard (a.k.a. plugboard, a terminal
array board) became available and nowadays the term “breadboard” is commonly used to refer to these.
It is used to build and test circuits quickly before finishing any circuit design. And it has many holes into which
components mentioned above can be inserted like ICs and resistors as well as jumper wires. The breadboard allows
you to plug in and remove components easily.
The picture shows the internal structure of a breadboard. Although these holes on the breadboard appear to be inde-
pendent of each other, they are actually connected to each other through metal strips internally.
If you want to know more about breadboard, refer to: How to Use a Breadboard - Science Buddies
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1.4 Resistor
Resistor is an electronic element that can limit the branch current. A fixed resistor is a kind of resistor whose resistance
cannot be changed, while that of a potentiometer or a variable resistor can be adjusted.
Two generally used circuit symbols for resistor. Normally, the resistance is marked on it. So if you see these symbols
in a circuit, it stands for a resistor.
is the unit of resistance and the larger units include K, M, etc. Their relationship can be shown as follows: 1 M=1000
K, 1 K = 1000 . Normally, the value of resistance is marked on it.
When using a resistor, we need to know its resistance first. Here are two methods: you can observe the bands on the
resistor, or use a multimeter to measure the resistance. You are recommended to use the first method as it is more
convenient and faster.
1.4. Resistor 11

SunFounder 3in1 Kit
As shown in the card, each color stands for a number.
Black Brown Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet Grey White Gold Silver
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.1 0.01
The 4- and 5-band resistors are frequently used, on which there are 4 and 5 chromatic bands.
Normally, when you get a resistor, you may find it hard to decide which end to start for reading the color. The tip is
that the gap between the 4th and 5th band will be comparatively larger.
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Therefore, you can observe the gap between the two chromatic bands at one end of the resistor; if it’s larger than any
other band gaps, then you can read from the opposite side.
Let’s see how to read the resistance value of a 5-band resistor as shown below.
So for this resistor, the resistance should be read from left to right. The value should be in this format: 1st Band 2nd
Band 3rd Band x 10^Multiplier () and the permissible error is ±Tolerance%. So the resistance value of this resistor is
2(red) 2(red) 0(black) x 10^0(black) = 220 , and the permissible error is ±1% (brown).
You can learn more about resistor from Wiki: Resistor - Wikipedia.
1.4. Resistor 13

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1.5 Capacitor
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Capacitor, refers to the amount of charge storage under a given potential difference, denoted as C, and the international
unit is farad (F). Generally speaking, electric charges move under force in an electric field. When there is a medium be-
tween conductors, the movement of electric charges is hindered and the electric charges accumulate on the conductors,
resulting in accumulation of electric charges.
The amount of stored electric charges is called capacitance. Because capacitors are one of the most widely used
electronic components in electronic equipment, they are widely used in direct current isolation, coupling, bypass,
filtering, tuning loops, energy conversion, and control circuits. Capacitors are divided into electrolytic capacitors,
solid capacitors, etc.
According to material characteristics, capacitors can be divided into: aluminum electrolytic capacitors, film capacitors,
tantalum capacitors, ceramic capacitors, super capacitors, etc.
In this kit, ceramic capacitors and electrolytic capacitors are used.
•Ceramic Capacitor - Wikipedia
•Electrolytic Capacitor - Wikipedia
There are 103 or 104 label on the ceramic capacitors, which represent the capacitance value, 103=10x10^3pF,
104=10x10^4pF
Unit Conversion
1F=10^3mF=10^6uF=10^9nF=10^12pF
1.5. Capacitor 15

SunFounder 3in1 Kit
1.6 Jumper Wires
Wires that connect two terminals are called jumper wires. There are various kinds of jumper wires. Here we focus on
those used in breadboard. Among others, they are used to transfer electrical signals from anywhere on the breadboard
to the input/output pins of a microcontroller.
Jump wires are fitted by inserting their “end connectors” into the slots provided in the breadboard, beneath whose
surface there are a few sets of parallel plates that connect the slots in groups of rows or columns depending on the
area. The “end connectors” are inserted into the breadboard, without soldering, in the particular slots that need to be
connected in the specific prototype.
There are three types of jumper wire: Female-to-Female, Male-to-Male, and Male-to-Female. The reason we call it
Male-to-Female is because it has the outstanding tip in one end as well as a sunk female end. Male-to-Male means
both side are male and Female-to-Female means both ends are female.
More than one type of them may be used in a project. The color of the jump wires is different but it doesn’t mean their
function is different accordingly; it’s just designed so to better identify the connection between each circuit.
Chip
1.7 74HC595
The 74HC595 consists of an 8bit shift register and a storage register with threestate parallel outputs. It converts serial
input into parallel output so you can save IO ports of an MCU. When MR (pin10) is high level and OE (pin13) is low
level, data is input in the rising edge of SHcp and goes to the memory register through the rising edge of SHcp. If the
two clocks are connected together, the shift register is always one pulse earlier than the memory register. There is a
serial shift input pin (Ds), a serial output pin (Q) and an asynchronous reset button (low level) in the memory register.
The memory register outputs a Bus with a parallel 8-bit and in three states. When OE is enabled (low level), the data
in memory register is output to the bus.
•74HC595 Datasheet
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