SWARCO SW2224 User manual

SWARCO
SW2
224
Manual
SW2224
LOOP DETECTOR
WITH ASTRA-SWISS-SPECIFICATION
SW2224_BE_10

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Content
1Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 About this manual.................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Usage according to regulations............................................................................................... 4
1.3 Label ........................................................................................................................................ 5
1.4 Further documentation ............................................................................................................ 5
1.5 Symbols ................................................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Safety instructions ................................................................................................................... 6
2Product description....................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Overview of the essential product characteristics ................................................................... 9
3Installation of the SW2224.......................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Installation and start-up of the unit ........................................................................................ 10
3.2 Overvoltage protection and loop diagnosis ........................................................................... 10
3.3 Connection of the feeder cable.............................................................................................. 10
3.4 Parameterizing the traffic data acquisition ............................................................................ 11
4Operating the SW2224 with LoopMaster................................................................................... 13
4.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 13
4.2 Functionalities........................................................................................................................ 13
5Display and operating elements at the front panel.................................................................. 15
6Alignment and error diagnosis .................................................................................................. 17
6.1 Alignment............................................................................................................................... 17
6.2 Error detection and troubleshooting ...................................................................................... 17
6.3 Automatic calibration and control of vehicle detection .......................................................... 19
7Parameters and functionality ..................................................................................................... 21
7.1 Significance of the channel parameters ................................................................................ 21
7.1.1 Channel function............................................................................................................ 21
7.1.2 Frequency range............................................................................................................ 21
7.1.3 Loop type and loop distance.......................................................................................... 24
7.1.4 Vehicle length correction ............................................................................................... 24
7.1.5 Detection of wrong way drivers ..................................................................................... 25
7.1.6 Address data bus........................................................................................................... 25
7.1.7 Sensitivity / measuring time........................................................................................... 25
7.1.8 Hold time........................................................................................................................ 26
7.1.9 Channel flags................................................................................................................. 26
7.1.10 Maximum loop alignment duration................................................................................. 26
7.1.11 Noise threshold.............................................................................................................. 27
7.2 Significance of the device parameters .................................................................................. 27
7.2.1 Language service interface ........................................................................................... 27
7.2.2 Baud rate data bus ........................................................................................................ 27
7.2.3 Detector flags................................................................................................................. 27
7.2.4 LED turn-off time............................................................................................................ 27

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7.3 Significance of the channel diagnostic values....................................................................... 28
7.3.1 Loop length .................................................................................................................... 28
7.3.2 Extended channel flags ................................................................................................. 28
7.3.3 Channel status............................................................................................................... 28
7.3.4 Vehicle classification ..................................................................................................... 28
7.3.5 Channel error................................................................................................................. 28
7.3.6 Alignment counter and hold time exceedance .............................................................. 28
7.3.7 Inductance ..................................................................................................................... 29
7.3.8 Frequency...................................................................................................................... 29
7.3.9 Turn-on threshold, maximum and last amplitude .......................................................... 29
7.3.10 Norm value .................................................................................................................... 29
7.3.11 Alignment cause ............................................................................................................ 29
7.4 Significance of the device diagnostic values ......................................................................... 30
7.4.1 Backplane address data bus ......................................................................................... 30
7.4.2 Front panel switches...................................................................................................... 30
7.4.3 Reset counter, reset cause............................................................................................ 31
7.4.4 Cycle time ...................................................................................................................... 31
7.5 Description of the special functions....................................................................................... 31
7.5.1 Synchronization ............................................................................................................. 31
7.5.2 Notes concerning the data bus function ........................................................................ 32
8Appendix ...................................................................................................................................... 33
8.1 General technical data........................................................................................................... 33
8.2 Technical data of switching outputs ...................................................................................... 34
8.3 Pin assignment multipoint connector (DIN41612 type F and C) ........................................... 35
8.4 Pin assignment service interface (DSUB 9-pole, plug) ......................................................... 36
8.5 Dimensions ............................................................................................................................ 36
8.6 Requirements for the usage according to regulations........................................................... 37
8.7 EC Conformity ....................................................................................................................... 38

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1 Introduction
In this chapter you will find preliminary remarks about the usage of the SW2224, as well as
explanations about the structure of this manual and the usage of symbols.
1.1 About this manual
On the following pages you will learn how to install and operate the device in an appropriate
way.
We attach great importance to the safe, appropriate and effective handling of this device.
It is therefore important to read this manual thoroughly before using the device. In the
manual you will find important instructions helping you to avoid danger and to prolong the
reliability and durability of the device and the accessories.
For your own safety you should read the safety instructions. Follow the instructions closely in
order to avoid danger for yourself and others or damage to the device.
If you have any questions about the SW2224 which are not answered in this manual, or if
you have problems understanding the descriptions, please contact:
SWARCO TRAFFIC SYSTEMS GmbH
Business Unit Detection
Niederkircher Straße 16
54294 Trier
Germany
www.swarco.com/sts
1.2 Usage according to regulations
The SW2224 is solely suited for the detection of vehicles for classification and speed
measurement. Any further usage is not appropriate. Do not use the SW2224 for any other
purpose.
The SW2224 is designed for precise vehicle classification and speed
measurement in interurban systems for traffic data acquisition and traffic control. It
is less suited for urban applications e.g. at traffic light intersections. The conditions
for precise vehicle classification such as constant moving are not fulfilled. For
these kinds of applications we recommend using detector types from our traffic
lights product folio, e.g. IG746CAN (see www.swarco.com/sts/detection).
For further requirements for the usage according to regulations see chapter 8.6.
NOTE

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1.3 Label
The SW2224 is provided with a quality label and serial number. You will need the indications
when talking with the customer service, e. g. ordering accessories or spare parts.
Note here the serial number and name of the device in order to have them available when
needed:
Serial number: ______________________________________________
Device identification: ______________________________________________
This manual is valid for devices with the following order numbers:
•SW2224T10 (order nr. D.000.611.115): type F connector, open collector,
SWISS10 classification, loop type ASTRA, front panel 4 TE
CE-label:
1.4 Further documentation
•“Loop installation TLS“,
SWARCO TRAFFIC SYSTEMS GmbH
•“VTD – Vendor-specific telegram definitions“,
SWARCO TRAFFIC SYSTEMS GmbH
•"Technical delivery terms for roadway stations (TLS)“, BASt (German federal
highway research institute)
•"Richtlinie Verkehrszähler13012 V1.02 “, ASTRA (Swiss federal roads office)
1.5 Symbols
In several places throughout this manual you will find the following symbols stating important
safety instructions:
ATTENTION!
This symbol indicates dangers which might cause damage to people
or property
NOTE
This symbol indicates information for installation and function
of the device

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1.6 Safety instructions
Read the following safety instructions thoroughly and observe them carefully. They are
stated to ensure your own safety and the safety of others and to avoid damage to the device
or accessories.
•Danger of electricity!
Make sure that no liquid may get inside the device. If this happens, interrupt the
power supply to the device at once.
•If you notice any damage, e.g. broken or crushed cables, damaged plugs,
enclosures etc., turn off the device at once, interrupt the power supply and make
sure that the device cannot accidentally be turned on again.
•The device may only be installed, brought into service and repaired by an electro-
technical expert. Inappropriate operation, improper maintenance or not observing
the instructions in this manual can lead to danger.
•Any malfunction of the device which may limit the safety of its users or others must
be removed immediately. All warning and safety labels on the device must be
observed and kept complete and legible.
•The appropriate usage must be observed by all means. For damage resulting from
inappropriate usage the manufacturer will not undertake any liability.
•The device must not be used as a safety component in the sense of the European
Directive 98/37/EC ("Machinery Directive”). In systems with high risk additional
safety measures are necessary.
•The operator of the device must ensure that the chosen means of operation will
not cause damage to material or danger to people and that all security and safety
installations are present and functioning.
•Before installation and first operation please observe the instructions in the
manual.
•The manual must be available at the site of usage at any time. It must be read
thoroughly and applied appropriately by the person responsible for the operation,
maintenance and service of the device.
•Our products are in a constant process of improvement and advancement.
Because of this, read the current manual thoroughly before installation and first
operation.
•Without prior consent of the manufacturer, no modifications, neither mechanical
nor electrical, may be done. Only parts that have the consent of the manufacturer
may be used for backfitting or as accessories. Any violations will lead to the
termination of conformity and the manufacturer’s warranty. The user will
subsequently bear the risk.
NOTE
ATTENTION!

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2 Product description
2.1 General
The SW2224 is a classification detector operating with two induction loops per lane
according to ASTRA-SWISS-specifications.
The SW2224 classifies the vehicles into the ASTRA-SWISS-classes SWISS10, SSSVZ
vehicle classes or car-similar / HGV-similar). When using ASTRA-SWISS loops, the
classification meets the definitions of ASTRA.
The detection quality is not influenced by e.g. the weather. By activating the directional logic,
messages for wrong way drivers can be generated.
The vehicle class is determined by means of the detection curves, which show typical
features for the different classes and the loop type used.
The detector can provide the following single vehicle data via RS232 service interface and
RS485 data interface:
Single vehicle data:
vehicle class, speed (up to 300 km/h), length, distance, driving
direction
Additionally available at data
interface:
Interval occupancy and time gap to calculate the occupancy rate;
single-vehicle occupancy and time gap
SWISS10-vehicle classes:
motorbike / car / car with trailer / van / van with trailer / van with
semitrailer / bus, car / HGV / HGV with trailer / HGV articulated
The classification into SSVZ vehicle classes resp. car-similar /
HGV-similar vehicles is based on the SWISS10 vehicle classes
according to ASTRA guidelines.
Table 1: Data of the SW2224 at the service and data interface

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Single vehicle data is transmitted via the RS485-bus to a controller, which carries out the
further data-aggregation according to ASTRA-specification.
The detector aligns itself automatically to the loops and feed combination connected.
Variations in temperature do not affect the data acquisition. The measurement systems are
permanently checked for short-circuited or open loops and only put in an error status when a
definite malfunction is recognized. If one loop of the TLS double-loop system is defective, the
remaining loop still provides time of occupancy, time gap and a classification of car-similar
and lorry-similar vehicles. Speed and vehicle length cannot be detected anymore.
Short measurement intervals and a particular speed measurement processes ensure the
high accuracy of measurement data and the high detection speed according to ASTRA
requirements.
The detector processes the loops one after the other in a predetermined sequence (multiplex
mode); i.e. there is always only one loop switched as inductance L to the LC oscillating circuit
of the detector. Since there is always only current flow through one loop, the channels of a
detector cannot interfere with each other. The channel reaction times and the cycle time of
the detector indicated in the technical data result from the multiplex mode.
If a metallic object is located within the range of action of the connected induction loop, the
frequency of the LC oscillator also changes owing to reduction in the loop inductance. The
detector evaluation circuit determines these changes and generates e.g. vehicle profiles for
the classification.
The detector is configured via service interface on the front. The free PC service software
LoopMaster provides a convenient operator interface for modifying and displaying all
parameters and diagnostic values. The configured parameters are stored in a non-volatile
memory (EEPROM).
The loop detector SW2224 is solely designed for use by qualified personnel trained
in dealing with traffic detection equipment. Improper use of the SW2224 may result
in unpredictable behavior of the systems controlled by the detector.
ATTENTION!

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2.2 Overview of the essential product characteristics
•Traffic data acquisition and vehicle classification ASTRA-SWISS according to ASTRA for
two lanes
•Measurement of speeds and lengths, detection of direction and wrong way drivers by
means of double loop systems, occupancy rate in connection with a controller.
•Data interface: RS485 interface at terminal strip
•Service interface: RS232 interface at front
•4 Open Collector switching outputs with parameterizable function:
Detection signals or switching signals depending on vehicle class and/or vehicle speed for
the direct control of optical traffic signs with parameterizable blinking frequency and
number of pulses.
•Euro-card plug-in (100 mm x 160 mm) for 19”-module carrier,
slim design: 20 mm (4 TE) or 40 mm (8 TE)
•Loop control in multiplex mode
•Wide setting range for measurement frequency
•Low power consumption
•Convenient operation by means of PC operating program LoopMaster via RS232, saving
of unit-specific or application-specific parameter sets by means of LoopMaster
•Non-volatile storage of all operating parameters in EEPROM (internal or external),
a slot-related parameterization can be realized by using an additional external
EEPROM at the backplane
Advantage: Parameter transfer allows simple device exchange
•System parameters, e.g.:
oFrequency
oHold time
oLoop distance
•Channel diagnosis values, e.g.:
oMeasurement frequency
oLoop inductance
oFailure type
•Permanent loop control for immediate detection of inductive loop failures
•Automatic compensation of temperature influences and ferrite control
•High interference resistance by means of frequency adjustment, oversampling and
possibility of detector synchronization
•Automatic alignment after activation, reset or parameter modification
•Automatic recalibration in case of malfunction
•µ-controller with watchdog and power fail monitoring
•Special options:
oPotential free switching outputs (electronic relays)
oTraffic data acquisition and vehicle classification with single loops1for 4 lanes
1Without speed and length measurement, no recognition of driving direction (not possible for CD9234)

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3 Installation of the SW2224
3.1 Installation and start-up of the unit
The SW2224 is designed for installation in 19" racks with plug connectors according to
DIN41612 (type F or C). Wire the racks according to the terminal assignment in the
appendix. When connecting the loops, all feeder cables must be twisted both inside the
control cabinet and the rack! Do not use the feeder cables parallel to e.g. AC-power supply
or communication cables! The loop installation manual by SWARCO TRAFFIC SYSTEMS
GMBH must be observed (available on request).
Refer to the technical data for the specification of the supply voltage.
There is no inverse polarity protection for the power supply connection (d32/z32).
Incorrect connection of the unit may result in malfunctions or destruction of the unit.
SWARCO TRAFFIC SYSTEMS GMBH does not provide any warranty coverage for
unit function in case of incorrect installation and cannot be held liable in this case.
The general electro-technical rules must be complied with when connecting the
detector.
After switching on the unit for the first time, the detector aligns to the connected loop
inductance. Short-circuited or open loop connections are indicated by the ERR (ERROR)
collective error LED and flashing of the channel LED of the disturbed channel (see also
chapter 6.2). The FCT (FUNCTION) LED flashes during normal operation with a frequency
of 1 Hz.
3.2 Overvoltage protection and loop diagnosis
The detector has a basic overvoltage protection at the loop inputs.
Additional overvoltage protection measures must be applied in order to provide multistage
overvoltage protection. For this purpose, an overvoltage protection element such as
FP_V1_3 by SWARCO TRAFFIC SYSTEMS GMBH can be mounted on a DIN rail in the
control cabinet. This protection element is adapted to the medium protection (backplane) and
the fine protection (detector).
Under no circumstances should varistors or suppression diodes be used, as these may have
a negative effect on detector function.
Before the detectors are installed, the loop values must be checked. The values for loop
inductance, ohmic resistance and insulation resistance should be checked and documented.
For more information about loop installation see the manual “Loop installation TLS“.
3.3 Connection of the feeder cable
For short distances between detector and induction loop up to approx. 15 m, the feeder cable
can be directly connected to the feeder clamps. The loop feeder cable must be drilled
approx.
20 – 50 times per meter.
ATTENTION!
ATTENTION!

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For longer distances to the roadside station, we recommend using an outdoor telephone
cable type A-2Y (L) 2Y resp. A-2YF (L) 2Y (see also chapter 8.1). Please also observe the
according information about loop connection and cable types to be used stated in the TLS.
In order minimize the coupling of channels caused by a shared feeder cable, both channels
of a measurement system must be connected to the opposing leads of a star quad (e.g.
channel 1: 1a – 1b and channel 2: 2a – 2b).
Figure 2: Connection of the inductive loops in a star quad of cable type A-2Y (L) 2Y
For feeder cable lengths > 300 m, a double pair of wires per loop can also be used (please
inquire). Here, a star quad is used per channel. The parallel wiring of 1a / 1b and 2a / 2b
reduces the ohmic resistance of the feeder cable by half, the inductance of the feeder cable
is reduces to approx. 25 % of the value using one pair of wires.
3.4 Parameterizing the traffic data acquisition
In order to parameterizing the traffic data acquisition, the following settings in the LoopMaster
operating program must be done in the indicated order:
•Turn on the measurement system: see chapter 7.1.1
•Address of traffic data acquisition system at the RS485 data interface: see chapters
7.1.6 and 7.4
•Check consistency of loop type used acc. to ASTRA-SWISS definitions and detector
parameter loop type, if necessary, correct loop head distance: see chapter 7.1.3 and
7.3.1
•Frequency adjustment: see chapter 7.1.2
•Detection of wrong way drivers, directional logic (only if necessary): see chapter 7.1.5
•Length correction (only if necessary): see chapter 7.1.4
NOTE
With the SW2224, for feed cable lengths up to 300 m and the indicated cable type
only one pair of wires per loop is necessary in the feed cable. No expensive double
pair of wires – often impossible in existing systems – is needed.
1a
2b
2a
1b
Channel 2
Channel 1

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Malfunctions, indicated at the ERR LED are displayed in the LoopMaster operating program
and can be determined by the blinking of the channel LED with the help of Table 2. If
operation is faultless, the correct function of the traffic data acquisition should be checked on
location using single vehicle data after having detected a minimum of approx. 50 cars.
Classification, vehicle length and driving direction can be controlled by monitoring cars
passing the loop system and comparing them with the vehicle data read out at the service
interface (see chapter 6.3).
An exact evaluation of speeds can only be done by means of a calibrated speed reference
(e.g. laser / radar gun).

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4 Operating the SW2224 with LoopMaster
4.1 General
The SW2224 is operated via service interface on the front by means of the LoopMaster
operating program installed on a PC or laptop computer. The detector is connected directly
with the COM port of the PC or alternatively via USB port and standard COM-USB adapter.
•Please use a 9-pole (1:1)-DSUB standard cable (plug-plug) as connection cable.
SWARCO TRAFFIC SYSTEMS GMBH label KA_V746 (order number:
D.000.603.296).
•The connection cable used with the preceding model MC2024 and the TTL-RS232
adapter is not needed anymore.
•Due to the new operating concept of LoopMaster, the service terminal used with
the preceding model MC2024 cannot be used anymore. The reason for this is the
harmonization of the service interfaces for all detectors of the “Weiss-Electronic“
brand.
•Please use the LoopMaster program only, the preceding program IGBT does not
support this detector type.
In the LoopMaster program the following interface parameters can be set: (Settings –
Communication settings…):
•COM port
•Baud rate: 4800 Baud (default)
The LoopMaster program provides an extensive help function, therefore only the most
important functions will be described in the following.
The LoopMaster software is available as download from our website under
www.swarco.com/products/software/other-software
.
4.2 Functionalities
In the parameter and diagnosis windows of LoopMaster the parameter and diagnosis values
used in the SW2224 are displayed as clear text. There are windows for individual channels,
normally 4 in the SW2224, and one detector window. The detector window lists the according
values for several channels and / or of the complete device. The data of these values
between LoopMaster and SW2224 is transferred together with the channel values.
The displayed values in the channel and detector windows are classified into alterable
parameter values and unalterable diagnosis values. The entry fields for the alterable
parameters are white, the display fields for the diagnosis values are grey.
NOTE

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SW2224 SN123456 E Jul 23 2011 V1.08 LC22
Besides these windows a terminal window is located at the left side of the LoopMaster
program which logs the serial communication via service interface. In this window also all
current vehicle data are listed.
When the LoopMaster program is started, all channel and detector data are automatically
requested and displayed in the according windows, the status bar at the bottom part of the
window is updated.
Figure 3: Example for the LoopMaster status bar
The displayed information are used to identify the detector hardware and firmware:
•Detector type, e.g. SW2224
•Serial Number, e.g. SN123456
•Country code of the service interface output, e.g. E (English) or D (German)
•Detector firmware date, e.g. Jul 23 2011 (23.07.2011)
•Version status of the detector firmware, e.g. V1.08 (Version 1.08)
•Identification for the detector-specific display in LoopMaster, loop configuration,
e.g.: LC22: 2 loop systems with 2 double loops each
Opposite to detectors for traffic light systems, the SW2224 is normally used as double loop
detector, i.e. in order to function a loop system with 2 inductive loops arranged successively
is necessary. Channels 1 and 2 form the first loop system, channels 3 and 4 the second loop
system.
This makes no difference in the operation of the LoopMaster program: the 4 channels are
separately listed. However, please pay attention to the following notes.
NOTE
•In order to parameterize a double loop system, the windows of the according
first channel are used. Alterable parameters are thus only available for channel 1
resp. channel 3.
•The detector automatically adopts the correct parameters for the according
second channel of the loop system. The parameters of the channels 2 resp.
4 cannot be altered.
•The diagnosis values of the channels are still displayed individually.

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5 Display and operating elements at the front panel
Figure 4: LEDs and pushbuttons at front panel of SW2224
The detector has an LED for each channel to indicate vehicle detection (CH1…CH4).
Furthermore, in case of a malfunction, the LEDs display the cause of the malfunction (e.g.
loop open) by means of a predetermined number of LED blinkings (see chapter 6.2).
The ERR LED is activated in case of a malfunction of at least one channel.
The reception and transmission processes of the RS485 data bus interface are indicated at
the RXD and TXD LEDs for the reception and transmission direction of the SW2224 .
The FCT LED flashes with a frequency of 1 Hz during normal operation of the detector. With
activation of MASTER-SLAVE synchronization, the flashing frequency during normal
operation is reduced to 0.5 Hz.
The RES LED pushbutton has 3 functions, depending on how long the button is being
pushed:
•LED on / off: Press button less than 1 sec,
all LEDs are deactivated or activated,
function can be disabled by means of the parameter
setting "LED-turnoff-time = 0"
•Channel alignment: Press button 1 – 2 s,
initialization of all active loop channels
•Reset: Press button longer than 3 s,
detector reset and subsequent alignment of all channels
All detector settings are made using the front RS232 interface (labeled: "SERVICE").

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In the standard Version of the des SW2224 (2 double
loop systems K1 / K2 and K3 / K4), the parameter
frequency range can additionally be adjusted at the
DIP switch on the front. For most applications this is
the only adjustment to be made and there are no
further adjustments necessary e.g. via LoopMaster.
In order to do these adjustments, use the according
4 switches for each loop system:
•The 4 switches on top for loop system 1 with channel 1 and 2
•The 4 switches at the bottom for loop system 2 with channel 3 and 4
Function of the DIP switches:
DIP-
switch
Loop
system
(channel)
Function
Switch position
left (OFF)
right (ON)
1
1 (1 / 2)
Loop type* SWISS10 TLS type 2
5
2 (3 / 4)
2
3 1 (1 / 2)
Frequency
range
Frequency range 1 (30 – 44 kHz)
Frequency range 2 (45 – 64 kHz
Frequency range 3 (65 – 84 kHz)
Frequency range 4 (85 – 110 kHz)
6
7 2 (3 / 4)
4 1 (1 / 2)
Activation
switches 1 – 3
Not activated** activated***
8 2 (3 / 4)
Activation
switches 5 – 7
*: The loop type to be used depends on the installed firmware version. Only one loop type is valid.
Therefore, this switch is only used to display the loop type and not to parameterize it.
If a loop type is selected which is not supported, an according error message will be displayed:
The ERR LED will be on and the channel LED will be blinking 8 times.
Moving the switches will always result in an alignment of the allocated loop system.
In order to use a loop head distance different from the standard value, the switches must be disabled.
**: Parameterizing of frequency via interface possible.
***: Parameterizing via interface disabled.

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6 Alignment and error diagnosis
6.1 Alignment
Alignment is defined as initialization of a detector channel. In doing so, all settings are
configured according to the parameters saved in the EEPROM (e.g. frequency, sensitivity).
There must be no extended vehicle passages during the alignment. If a convoy of vehicles
passes during alignment, the SW2224 attempts to adjust to the gaps between the vehicles.
There are no vehicle detections possible during the alignment. After the alignment, the
channel is always in an "undetected" status.
When a channel is aligned, vehicles located within the range of action of the
induction loop at this point in time are ignored. This means that they are not
detected during and after the alignment!
In the following events, the SW2224 carries out an alignment:
•after switching on the supply voltage (Power OnReset "POR")
•as a result of modification of relevant parameters (e.g. frequency, loop type, channel
function) via service or data interface
•as a result of pushing the RESET button
•as a result of an external RESET signal on the terminal strip
(0 V on RESET external, pin d28)
•as a result of an internal RESET (e.g. watchdog or power fail).
After RESET, all activated channels are aligned. When prompted by a parameter transfer via
service interface by means of LoopMaster or RS485 bus, only the selected channels for
which at least one parameter has changed are realigned. All other channels continue to
operate without any influence on their detection in this case. The alignment takes approx. 1
sec. with an unaffected induction loop and may take longer e.g. with disturbances on the
loop. The corresponding channel LED CH1 ... CH4 is activated during the alignment and
additionally the FCT LED flashes faster (approx. 5 Hz). Once alignment has been
successfully completed, the channel LEDs CH1 ... CH4 are switched off and used for the
indication of the detection status.
6.2 Error detection and troubleshooting
Channel-related errors are indicated at the channel LEDs CH1 ... CH4 by blinking repeatedly
every 5 s with a predetermined number of blinkings for each error.
Table 2: List of channel errors with allocation of the number of flashes to the channel LED
Channel errors
Number of channel LED blinkings
Short-circuit loop
1
Open loop, loop broken
2
Frequency not adjustable
3
Disturbance
4
Frequency jumper faulty
5
Maximum loop alignment duration exceeded
7
Loop type incorrect
8
ATTENTION!

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These errors are displayed in the channel windows in the LoopMaster as "channel error"
diagnostic parameters (see chapter 7.3.5). Furthermore, the ERR collective error LED and
the corresponding switching output on the terminal strip indicates an error status with at least
one channel.
In case of a short-circuited or open loop, the alignment algorithm detects that the connected
inductance (induction loop + feeder cable!) is outside the permissible range (see chapter
8.1). The error cause is to be found and eliminated.
If the selected frequency range cannot be set, the loop inductance lies outside the
recommended range (see chapter 8.1). To solve this problem, set another frequency range
(see chapter 7.1.2).
The loop frequency can be further influenced by modifying 2 plug jumpers (marked f, and
LOW / HIGH, position in top centre of board). Both jumpers are in the LOW position (lower
frequency) in the delivered default condition. The alignment frequency is generally raised by
approx. 15 % - 20 % in the HIGH position (higher frequency). Using this, in case of the error
message "Frequency not adjustable" for example, another of the upper frequency steps can
be released again. Furthermore, in case of frequency overlaps in installations with several
SW2224 devices, an additional frequency offset for improved frequency separation can be
performed. Both jumpers must be plugged into the same LOW or HIGH position, otherwise
the SW2224 will detect this with the error message "Frequency jumpers faulty" for all
channels.
The error message "Disturbance" indicates external interferences during alignment. This
causes longer alignment times (more than approx. 2 s per channel). The external
interferences must be determined and eliminated in order to ensure the correct detector
function. Otherwise, misdetections may occur, i.e. the according channel switches even
without loop attenuation. The external inferences may be caused by electromagnetic fields or
pulses in the environment of the induction loop or feeder cable. Selecting another frequency
range may solve this problem.
If the disturbances are caused by other identical loop detectors, the interference can be
eliminated by synchronizing the detectors by means of the synchronization leads of the
terminal strip (see chapter 7.5).
The duration of the channel alignment is restricted to the set duration using the "maximum
loop alignment duration" parameter. The error message "maximum loop alignment duration
exceeded" is generated if this time is exceeded.
After troubleshooting, an alignment of all channels or a reset of the SW2224 with subsequent
alignment of all channels can be initiated using the pushbutton on the front panel in order to
restore correct functionality.
If the channel flag "Automatic recalibration in case of channel error" (see chapter 7.1.9) is
activated (factory setting: deactivated), a cyclical alignment is performed in case of a channel
error. At the latest 1 min. after troubleshooting, the channel faults will automatically be
removed in this case, except for the following faults:
•Frequency jumper faulty
•Loop type incorrect
In this case also, a vehicle located within the range of action of the loop at the time of
troubleshooting will be ignored.

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If one loop of a double loop system is faulty, the other loop works in standby operation. A
high-quality classification (e.g. ASTRA-SWISS10) is not possible anymore, because vehicle
lengths and speeds cannot be determined. The classification will automatically be reduced to
car-similar / HGV-similar vehicles. In order to reach the original data acquisition quality, the
failure cause must be eliminated.
6.3 Automatic calibration and control of vehicle detection
The SW2224 is delivered with standard parameter values optimized for the permitted loop
and feeder cable configurations. In order to further optimize the single vehicle detection,
important characteristic values e.g. norm value and switch-on threshold resp. sensitivity for
the connected loop / feeder cable configuration are permanently and automatically evaluated
and stored non-volatile in the EEPROM. Thus, a power failure or reset does not influence the
already reached detection quality.
The adjustment of the sensitivity is not possible, since the response thresholds for the
vehicle detection are permanently evaluated by using the norm value. The automatic
alignment usually has achieved sufficient accuracy after a detection of approx. 50 cars.
Afterwards, a control of the single vehicle detection can be done by visually comparing the
vehicles with the data readouts at the service interface on the front. To do so, the
LoopMaster terminal window or any terminal program can be used. The following data are
displayed separated by detection system:
•Vehicle class
•Vehicle speed
•Vehicle length
•Driving direction
•Vehicle distance
Examples:
•sy.2 l: 4,31 m v: 75,6 km/h di.0 dis.:910 m car
Detection system 2 (channel 3 / 4): vehicle class car, length 4.31 m,
speed 75.6 km/h,
driving direction 0 ≡ loop 3 4,
distance 910 m
•sy.1 l: 7,97 m v: 60,5 km/h di.1 dis.: 87 m lorry
Detection system1 (channel 1 / 2): vehicle class lorry, length 7.97 m,
speed 60.5 km/h,
driving direction 1 ≡ loop 2 1,
distance 87 m
•sy.1 l: 5,21 m v: 54,3 km/h di.0 dis.: 14 m delivery van
Detection system1 (channel 1 / 2): vehicle class delivery van, length 5.21 m,
speed 54.3 km/h,
driving direction 0 ≡ loop 1 2,
distance 14 m
With the standard width of the terminal window (16 characters) the traffic data is displayed in
4 rows per vehicle. When the width is set >63, the data is displayed in one row per vehicle.

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Afterwards, the norm value should be checked (LoopMaster: channel diagnosis value). The
norm value is different for each loop type and is mainly determined by loop length and
installation depth. Also, the norm value is reduced when the length of the loop feeder cable is
increased. Typical values for the norm value with common loop types depending on the
feeder cable lengths are indicated in the following table:
Loop type*
Feeder cable
length
[m]**
norm value
permitted tolerance: + 10 % / - 20%
TLS type 1
(loop length 2.5 m)
0
2.7 %
300
1.8 %
TLS type 2
(loop length 1.0 m)
0
1.5 %
300
1.0 %
ASTRA-SWISS
(loop length 2.0 m)
0
2.5 %
300
1.6 %
*: Installation depth approx. ca. 5 – 7 cm **: Cable type and connection according to chapter 3.3
Table 3: Typical norm values
If you notice strongly diverging values or big differences between the loops of a double loop
system, the quality of the data may be reduced. Reasons for this can be e.g. metallic objects
in the area of the inductive loops.
For the precise and reliable vehicle detection, a homogenous (uninterrupted)
magnetic field in the loop area is indispensable. Metallic components such as
manhole covers and reinforcement in concrete carriageways as well as the
installation of inductive loops in bridges with metallic fundaments can have a
negative influence on the quality of the vehicle detection.
Without these influences and with correctly installed inductive loops, the difference of the
norm value between the loops of a double loops system is usually less than 3 %.
For the exemplary reference value for TLS type 2 without additional feeder cable from Table
3 this is 1.45 % and 1.55 % as norm values of the two loops.
Further reasons for bigger differences are different installation depths, number of windings or
loop dimensions.
ATTENTION!
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