Symantec NORTON GHOST User manual

Norton Ghost
™
Personal Edition
User’s Guide

Norton Ghost
™
Personal Edition User’s Guide
The software described in this book is furnished under a license agreement
and may be used only in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
Copyright Notice
Copyright Ó 1998–1999 Symantec Corporation.
All Rights Reserved.
Any technical documentation that is made available by Symantec Corporation
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10987654321

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• You may:
(i) use the Software on one computer to clone, or apply an image of, a hard drive on that computer, or
a portion thereof, to another hard drive on the same computer;
(ii) use the Software on that same computer to create an image file of a hard drive on that computer and
store the image file on removable media for disaster recovery purposes;
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drive image that was created for disaster recovery purposes to the hard drive on that same computer;
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SYMANTEC LICENSE AND WARRANTY

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5
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 About Norton Ghost Personal Edition
How Norton Ghost works ................................................................8
Clone internal hard disk drives and individual partitions .............8
Save and load image files to and from removable media ...........9
Clone hard disk drives and partitions peer-to-peer ..................10
Chapter 2 Setting up Norton Ghost
Minimum system requirements ......................................................13
Hardware requirements for Norton Ghost transfer modes .......14
Installing Norton Ghost Personal Edition ........................................14
Installing Norton Ghost in Windows ........................................14
Installing Norton Ghost in DOS ...............................................15
Uninstalling Norton Ghost .............................................................16
Uninstalling Norton Ghost in Windows ....................................16
Uninstalling Norton Ghost in DOS ..........................................16
Setting up a DOS boot disk ...........................................................16
Setting up transfer methods ..........................................................17
Internal drives ..........................................................................17
Local devices ..........................................................................17
Peer-to-peer connections ........................................................18
Peer-to-peer parallel port connections .....................................18
Peer-to-peer NetBIOS network connections ...........................18
Chapter 3 Using Norton Ghost
What you need to do .....................................................................21
Starting Norton Ghost ...................................................................23
Navigating without a mouse ...........................................................24
Cloning disks .................................................................................24
Cloning from disk to disk .........................................................25
Cloning a disk to image file .....................................................27
Cloning a disk from an image file .............................................29
Cloning partitions ...........................................................................32
Cloning from partition to partition ............................................32
Cloning from partition to image file ..........................................34
Cloning a partition from an image file .......................................36
Managing image files .....................................................................39
Image files and compression ...................................................39
Image files and CRC32 ...........................................................40

Contents
6
Image files and volume spanning .............................................40
Image files and tape drives ......................................................43
Viewing image file content and selective file restoration ..........44
Appendix A Norton Ghost command-line switches
Command-line switches .................................................................47
Appendix B Frequently asked questions
Appendix C Troubleshooting
Norton Ghost error codes .............................................................67
Appendix D Diagnostics
Hard drive detection and diagnostic information .............................69
Norton Ghost abort error file (ghost.err) .................................69
Hard disk geometry diagnostics ..............................................70
Full diagnostic statistics dump summary ..................................70
Symantec Service and Support Solutions
Disk Replacement Form
Index

CHAPTER
7
1
About Norton Ghost
Personal Edition
Norton Ghost is the fast and reliable software solution to satisfy all your PC
disk cloning and copying needs: upgrading hard drives, backing up for
disaster recovery, or migrating from your old PC to a new PC.
Caution: Norton Ghost Personal Edition is a powerful utility program that
performs complex operations on your computer. It is recommended for
experienced and highly skilled PC users only.
Norton Ghost clones either complete disks or specified partitions:
■
An entire disk can be either cloned directly from one disk to
another or saved into a Norton Ghost image file. The image file
can be used as a template to create copies of the original disk.
■
The contents of a partition can be copied to another partition.
Selected partitions can be copied to an image file that is used as a
template to create copies of the original partitions.
When cloning complete hard drives, procedures such as FDISK and
FORMAT are a thing of the past. Norton Ghost dynamically partitions and
formats a target disk on the fly. The source and target disks can be different
sizes. Norton Ghost adjusts the position and size of the target partitions
automatically, FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS partitions are expanded or
contracted to fit the target. The source and target disk can be on the same
computer, or the target disk can be on a different computer, providing the
two computers are connected through NetBIOS or the parallel ports.
Norton Ghost copies every required partition, regardless of type, from the
source (disk or image file) to the target. If the source and target disks are
identical in size and structure, Norton Ghost can perform a sector-by-sector
copy. Because this is seldom the case and does not allow the resizing of

Chapter 1: About Norton Ghost Personal Edition
8
partitions, Norton Ghost positions each partition or logical drive on the
target disk using the same rules as FDISK, copying the partitions on a file-
by-file basis.
An image file can be stored on a CD, Superdisk, JAZ or ZIP drive, or other
removable media. This file can be used for backup or for cloning copies of
the original disk.
Norton Ghost runs in DOS with a simple graphical interface. Alternatively,
to simplify repetitive tasks, command-line switches can automate
operation.
The Norton Ghost installation CD contains these additional utilities that
work with Norton Ghost:
■
Ghost Explorer recovers and deletes individual directories and files
from an image file.
■
GDISK is a complete replacement for the FDISK and FORMAT
utilities that allows on-the-fly formatting, better disk space
utilization, batch mode operation, hiding and unhiding of
partitions, and extensive partition reporting.
Unlike FDISK, which uses interactive menus and prompts, GDISK is
command line driven and offers quicker configuration of a disk’s
partitions.
How Norton Ghost works
Because the Norton Ghost executable is small with minimal conventional
memory requirements, it can easily be run from a DOS boot disk or
alternative storage location within DOS. Norton Ghost can make complete
backups of disks or partitions. Norton Ghost even copies in-use system
files that other backup utilities miss, making it a great tool for disaster
recovery operations.
The following sections give examples of common ways to use Norton
Ghost.
Clone internal hard disk drives and individual partitions
With Norton Ghost you can save all of the contents on one internal hard
disk drive or partition to another by cloning local disk-to-disk, or partition-
to-partition. The hardware must be installed correctly and have the hard
disk drive jumpers and CMOS/BIOS correctly configured. As with all

How Norton Ghost works
9
Norton Ghost usage, both the source and destination must be free from file
corruption and physical hard disk drive problems prior to cloning.
Note: When cloning an entire hard disk drive, the existing partition
configuration is overwritten and need not be set in advance.
Internal transfer operations are one of the fastest methods of cloning, and
offer a simple quick hard disk drive backup or migration tool. By using a
second hard disk drive as a backup, it can be used to replace the original
in the event of its failure or corruption, reducing the downtime of the
machine.
Norton Ghost’s ability to resize the partitions and file systems it
understands while cloning disk-to-disk simplifies upgrading to a larger
hard disk drive. Install the new hard disk drive hardware as required, then
run Norton Ghost from a boot disk to migrate the contents of the old drive
to the larger drive. This leaves the original disk untouched and available
until the new system configuration is completed.
Caution: Make sure you correctly identify and select the source and
destination disks as the operation cannot be undone.
Save and load image files to and from removable media
It is possible to burn image files onto a CD or to save an image file to a ZIP
drive, JAZ drive, Superdisk, or other removable media.
For ZIP, JAZ, Superdisk, and removable media, Norton Ghost writes and
reads directly to and from the device, providing that the device is working
and has a DOS drive letter.
When creating the image of the model for storage on a CD, we recommend
bringing the image down onto the PC that has the writing software, and
then creating the CD. Norton Ghost can be included on the created CD.
To create a CD image file for later restoration:
1 Save the model hard disk to an image file using Norton Ghost and
the split command-line option.
2 Run the CD writing software and save the image onto the CD.

Chapter 1: About Norton Ghost Personal Edition
10
For restoration purposes, once the device is working and has a drive letter,
Norton Ghost can use that drive to perform the required task.
Clone hard disk drives and partitions peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer connections are typically used when there are two computers
that you wish to connect. Norton Ghost gives you the choice of connecting
through the NetBIOS or through the LPT (printer) parallel port. In both
cases, one computer becomes the master, the other the slave. See “Peer-to-
peer connections” on page 18 for more information.
■
To connect through the printer port you need a parallel data
transfer cable plugged into the LPT port of both computers.
■
To connect through NetBIOS you need a network card in each
computer, a converted Ethernet cable, and the appropriate
networking software. In general, connecting through the network
gives two to five times the performance of an LPT connection.
For NetBIOS and LPT connections, one machine must act as the master and
the other the slave. All operator input will be on the master computer.
Using the NETBIOS interface
With Ethernet, or Token Ring, it is possible to clone between two
machines, using their network interface cards through the NetBIOS
protocol interface. By purchasing, or making, a custom connectivity
Ethernet crossover cable or using coaxial or a mini-HUB and cables, a PC
can connect to another PC. This is a two-node peer-to-peer network. To set
up NetBIOS requires five basic Novell networking software components:
■
LSL
■
MLID (the Network Interface Card ODI driver)
■
IPXODI
■
NetBIOS interface
■
NET.CFG (configuration)

How Norton Ghost works
11
These components can be loaded from a boot disk to allow Norton Ghost
to use NetBIOS to communicate and clone between master and slave.
Using the parallel (LPT) port
With two computers and a parallel data transfer cable (not provided with
Norton Ghost) you can clone two computers, master to slave.
Crossover
Ethernet Cable
Master
Slave
Parallel data
transfer cable
Master
Slave

Chapter 1: About Norton Ghost Personal Edition
12

CHAPTER
13
2
Setting up Norton Ghost
Minimum system requirements
The system requirements to run Norton Ghost are:
■
386SX processor (486 or above recommended)
■
4 MB RAM (8 MB RAM for NTFS), 16 MB recommended
■
DOS 5.0 or above
■
VGA monitor

Chapter 2: Setting up Norton Ghost
14
Hardware requirements for Norton Ghost transfer modes
Installing Norton Ghost Personal Edition
Norton Ghost installation requires you to run the setup program or copy
the Norton Ghost executable to the location from which it will be run,
depending on whether you install in Windows or DOS.
Installing Norton Ghost in Windows
To install Norton Ghost in Windows:
1 Insert the Norton Ghost Personal Edition CD in your CD-ROM
drive. After a moment, the Norton Ghost setup program starts
automatically.
If the setup program does not start automatically, Autorun might be
disabled on your computer.
Peer-to-peer LPT/parallel port
connection
Parallel connection cable and a
bidirectional parallel port with EPP or ECP
compatibility on each machine.
Peer-to-peer NetBIOS
connection
Ethernet or Token Ring network interface
card.
Established network connection which
includes one of the following:
■
Crossover Ethernet cable (pins 1236
> 3612)
■
Coaxial cable
■
Standard cables with hub or MAU
NetBIOS network software
SCSI tape driver DOS ASPI driver
SCSI tape drive
Tape media
Removable media Removable media drive and media
Media drivers required to use in DOS
CD-ROM usage CD-ROM writer
CD-ROM writer disk creation software

Installing Norton Ghost Personal Edition
15
To manually start the installation, double-click the My Computer icon
on your desktop. Then locate and double-click SETUP.EXE on the
installation CD.
Note: If you do not have a CD-ROM drive, see the Disk
Replacement form in this guide for information about getting
floppy disks.
2 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
The setup program places a Norton Ghost Personal Edition program
group in your Start menu and installs the files necessary to run
Norton Ghost Personal Edition.
Installing Norton Ghost in DOS
To install Norton Ghost in DOS:
1 Create a directory on the destination drive.
For example, C:\GHOSTPE.
2 Locate the DOSINST folder on the installation CD and copy the
directory tree under DOSINST to the folder you created in step 1.
For example, if E:\ is your CD-ROM drive, type the following at the
DOS prompt:
cd E:\DOSINST
copy *.* C:\GHOSTPE
Note: If a Windows drag-and-drop or copy and paste operation is used
instead of a DOS command, the files being copied from the CD retain their
read-only attributes when copied to a floppy disk or hard drive. You must
manually change the attribute on the Norton Ghost executable
(GHOSTPE.EXE) and all other files that will be updated or edited.
To remove read-only property on Norton Ghost files in Windows:
1Select the GHOSTPE.EXE file.
2Right-click the file and select Properties.
3Uncheck the Read-only attribute.
4Click OK.

Chapter 2: Setting up Norton Ghost
16
Uninstalling Norton Ghost
Uninstalling Norton Ghost in Windows
To uninstall Norton Ghost in Windows:
1Click the Start button, then select Settings > Control Panel.
2Double-click Add/Remove programs.
3In the list of installed programs, select Norton Ghost Personal
Edition. Click Add/Remove.
4Follow the instructions on the screen.
Uninstalling Norton Ghost in DOS
To uninstall Norton Ghost under DOS:
■Delete the single GHOSTPE.EXE executable file and associated
files in the Ghost directory on your hard drive.
Setting up a DOS boot disk
Norton Ghost is a DOS-based application that should be run in DOS mode
outside of Windows. On some systems, such as Windows NT, Windows
2000, and other non-DOS operating systems, a DOS boot disk must be
used to start the system to allow Norton Ghost to operate. Additional DOS
drivers may be required to allow Norton Ghost to access local hardware.
The configuration files on a DOS boot disk can be altered to load these
drivers as detailed in “Setting up transfer methods” on page 17.
To create a DOS boot disk for Norton Ghost:
1Insert a blank floppy disk into the A: drive of a Windows 9x or
DOS machine.
2Copy the system files onto the disk. Do one of the following:
■Within Windows 95/98:
aDouble-click the My Computer icon.
bRight-click the floppy drive, and select Format.
cChoose Copy System Files.
■Within a DOS prompt box:

Setting up transfer methods
17
Use the following DOS command to copy the system files to the
formatted disk:
C:\> sys c: a:
Use the following DOS command to format and copy the system files
to the unformatted disk:
C:\> format a: /s
3Copy GHOSTPE.EXE onto the boot disk. For example:
C:\> copy c:\GHOSTPE\GHOSTPE.EXE a:\
4Set up any drivers required for the transfer method. For more
information see “Setting up transfer methods” on page 17.
Setting up transfer methods
The following sections summarize the information you need to prepare
devices and drives for Norton Ghost operation.
Internal drives
To work with internal drives, ensure that each of the drives is properly
configured. This means that if fixed IDE drives are in use, the jumpers on
the drives are set up correctly, and the BIOS of the machine is configured
for the disks and setup arrangement. Both the source and the destination
drives must be free from file corruption and physical hard drive defects.
Local devices
To use Norton Ghost with SCSI tape devices, the tape device needs to have
an Advanced SCSI Programming Interface (ASPI) driver for DOS installed.
The driver is installed in the config.sys file as shown in the example below:
device=C:\scsitape\aspi4dos.sys
Refer to the documentation included with the SCSI tape device for further
details.

Chapter 2: Setting up Norton Ghost
18
Peer-to-peer connections
Peer-to-peer connections enable Norton Ghost to run on two machines and
transfer drives and partitions, and to use image files between them.
Peer-to-peer parallel port connections
Connect both computers through the LPT port with a parallel data transfer
cable. Norton Ghost must be running under DOS on both computers. The
parallel port must be set to bidirectional, or EPP, or ECP, but not
unidirectional. You may need to experiment with the mode for best
performance.
Select which computer is the master (the machine from which you control
the connection), and which is the slave (the other machine participating in
the connection). All operator input will be on the master computer. Use the
previous table to choose which machine will be the master and which will
be slave.
Peer-to-peer NetBIOS network connections
NetBIOS is only available for peer-to-peer connections. Sample third-party
files are available on the Symantec FTP site at:
ftp://ftp.symantec.com/public/english_us_canada/products/
ghost/
Action Master Slave
Disk-to-disk copy Machine containing
source disk
Machine containing
destination disk
Disk-to-image file
copy
Machine containing
source disk
Machine receiving
destination image file
Image file-to-disk
copy
Machine containing
destination disk
Machine containing source
image file
Partition-to-
partition copy
Machine containing
source partition
Machine containing
destination partition
Partition-to-image
file copy
Machine containing
source partition
Machine receiving
destination image file
Image file-to-
partition copy
Machine containing
destination partition
Machine containing source
image file

Setting up transfer methods
19
Sourcing NetBIOS
The following steps explain the NetBIOS setup procedure.
1Install network interface cards.
2Once the network interface cards are installed, the two peer
machines need to be connected using cabling. The type and setup
of the connection will depend on your individual network
requirements. These can include converted twisted pair cables,
coaxial, hub, and MAU-based setups.
3Run the Network Interface Card setup program and configure the
card.
4Set up NetBIOS.
Here is an example of loading NetBIOS in your startnet.bat or
autoexec.bat:
LSL.COM
REM (Comment: replace NE2000.COM with your NIC driver)
NE2000.COM
IPXODI.COM
NETBIOS.EXE
An example of the net.cfg for an NE2000 NIC:
#set up the NIC
link driver NE2000
_int 10
_port 300
Select which computer is the master (the machine from which you
control the connection), and which is the slave (the other machine
participating in the connection). All operator input will be on the
master computer. See “Peer-to-peer connections” on page 18 to
choose which will be the master and which machine will be slave.

Chapter 2: Setting up Norton Ghost
20