TASKING iSYSTEM ARM HSSTP II User manual

ARM HSSTP II Active Probe
User Manual
V2.5, June 2023
isystem.com/start

General safety instructions
Please read the following safety precautions carefully before putting this device to use to avoid
any personal injuries, damage to the instrument, or to the target system. Use this instrument
only for its intended purpose as specified by this manual to prevent potential hazards.
Use included power cord and power supply
The enclosed power supply has been approved for use by iSYSTEM. Please contact iSYSTEM if
you need to consider an alternative power.
Use grounding wire
Prior to applying power to either the BlueBox or the target, connect the device and the target
system together with the included grounding wire. This is to avoid potential damage caused by
any voltage difference between the device and the target system.
Use proper overvoltage protection
Ensure proper protection to avoid exposing the BlueBox device or the operator to overvoltage
surges (e.g. caused by thunderstorm, mains power).
Do not operate without cover
Do not operate the device with cover removed.
Avoid circuit and wire exposure
Do not touch exposed components or wires when the device is powered.
Do not operate with suspected damage
If you suspect damage may have occurred, the BlueBox device must be inspected by qualified
service personnel before further operation.
Do not operate the device outside its rated supply voltage or environmental range
Consult with iSYSTEM before using equipment outside of the parameters provided in this
manual.
This symbol is used within the manual to highlight further safety notices.

Contents
Package content ................................................................................................................................ 4
Specifications ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Operation ............................................................................................................................................... 6
mDIO Cable ................................................................................................................................................ 8
40-pin Samtec ERF8 to 20-pin 2.54mm ARM Converter ............................................................... 9
40-pin Samtec ERF8 to 10-pin 1.27mm CoreSight and 40-pin Samtec ERF8 HSSTP
Converter ................................................................................................................................................. 10
10-pin 1.27mm CoreSight to 20-pin 2.54mm ARM Converter .................................................... 13
40-pin Samtec / USB-C to USB-C (HSSTP) Switch ........................................................................ 14
Hardware Setup and Configuration ..................................................................................... 18
Accessories ......................................................................................................................................... 19

Package content
Active Probe ARM HSSTP II allows debugging, tracing and testing ARM® Cortex™ architectures. It
supports both the JTAG debug interface and ARM High-Speed Trace Port (HSSTP). Its small and
compact hardware size allows for connecting to a target microcontroller in a confined space as far
as 10 m away. The Active Probe supports up to 4 parallel HSSTP lanes, running at a maximum
bitrate of 5Gbps.
The ARM HSSTP II Active Probe kit is delivered with the following components:
ARM HSSTP II
Active Probe
1m FNet Cable
Samtec40 -to 20-pin JTAG ARM
Adapter
Ordering code:
IC57125-1
Ordering code:
BB-FNET-100
Ordering code:
IASAM40ARMPIN20

Specifications
GENERAL
Supply voltage
9.0V DC via FNet cable
Operating temperature
10°C to 40°C
Storage temperature
-10°C to 60°C
Humidity
5% to 80% RH
MECHANICAL
Size
80 x 55 x 18 mm
Weight
0.125 kg
OPERATION
Communication
interface to BlueBox
iSYSTEM proprietary FNet
Debug signal valid
input voltage range
3.3V (max. 3.6V)
Power consumption
Max. 2W (dependent on operation mode)
Number of supported
HSSTP lanes
Up to 4
Maximum HSSTP
bitrate
5Gbps
Supported event/trigger
signals
DGBREQ/DBGACK or TRIGIN/TRIGOUT
PROTECTION
Debug signals
33 Ohm series termination/protection resistors, ESD protection devices
Debug signals w/o
clock
Configurable 4k7 pull-down / pull-up
RESET
1k Ohm pull-up
VREF
1k Ohm input impedance

Operation
A– 40-pin HSSTP connector with 20cm high-speed cable and the following pinout:
Signal
Direction
Signal Description
Signal
Pin
Pin
Signal
Signal Description
Signal
Direction
O
HSSTP Lane 4
Tx4_P
1
2
Vref
Reference Voltage
I
O
HSSTP Lane 4
Tx4_N
3
4
TCK/SWCLK
JTAG / SWD
O
Ground
GND
5
6
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 2
Tx2_P
7
8
TMS/SWDIO
JTAG / SWD
I/O
O
HSSTP Lane 2
Tx2_N
9
10
nTRST
JTAG
O
Ground
GND
11
12
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 0
Tx0_P
13
14
TDI
JTAG
O
O
HSSTP Lane 0
Tx0_N
15
16
TDO
JTAG
I
Ground
GND
17
18
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Clock
CLK_P
19
20
nRESET
RESET
O
O
HSSTP Clock
CLK_N
21
22
DBGREQ
Debug Request
O
Ground
GND
23
24
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 1
Tx1_P
25
26
DBGACK
Debug Acknowledge
I
O
HSSTP Lane 1
Tx1_N
27
28
RTCK
Return TCK
I
Ground
GND
29
30
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 3
Tx3_P
31
32
TRIGIN
CTI Trigger Input
I
O
HSSTP Lane 3
Tx3_N
33
34
TRIGOUT
CTI Trigger Output
O
Ground
GND
35
36
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 5
Tx5_P
37
38
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 5
Tx5_N
39
40
GND
Ground
40-pin HSSTP pinout
Blue colored signals are trace signals.
Signal direction definition:
O - Output from the Active Probe to the target microcontroller
I - Input to the Active Probe from the target microcontroller
The target microcontroller connector is a Samtec ERF8 series, rugged high-speed socket, part
number ASP-130367-01.
B – mDIO port marked as TRIG on the housing

mDIO port provides two digital signals, which can interact with the embedded target. Each can be
configured either for input or output operation.
Number
Name
Pin1
IOØ
Pin2
IO1
Pin3
GND
mDIO port pinout
mDIO port on the Active Probe
C – The indicator light provides the status of the Active Probe as follows:
Permanently green – Powered on and ready to use.
Blinking green – Establishing connection with the BlueBox.
Blinking blue – Reprogramming SPLASH.
Permanently magenta – Golden image loaded and ready to use.
D – FNet connector, that connects the Active Probe to the iC5700 BlueBox. The FNet cable is
delivered with the Active Probe.
When powering on the system, switch the iC5700 on before powering on the target. When
powering down the system, power off the target before powering off the iC5700!
Use only original iSYSTEM accessories for powering and connecting with the iC5700. Consult
with iSYSTEM before attempting to use any other accessory.

mDIO Cable
Ordering code
BB-AP-MDIO-20
mDIO Cable is used to connect the Active Probe mDIO port with the signals around the debugged
microcontroller, which can then be either read or controlled by the debugger. For example, the
debugger can periodically service an external watchdog through the mDIO output or just read and
record an external signal through the mDIO input. It must be ordered separately. Length of the cable
is 20 cm.
The following pinout is valid on the Active Probe side:
Number
Name
Color
Pin1
IOØ
White
Pin2
IO1
Brown
Pin3
GND
Black
mDIO Cable pinout

40-pin Samtec ERF8 to 20-pin 2.54mm ARM Converter
Ordering code
IASAM40ARMPIN20
In conjunction with this 40-pin Samtec ERF8 to 20-pin 2.54 ARM converter delivered in the package,
the Active Probe can be connected to the target board featuring a 20-pin 2.54 mm ARM target
debug connector providing the JTAG debug interface.
This converter is required only when the Active Probe is to be connected to the embedded
target providing the 20-pin 2.54 mm ARM target debug connector exposing only the debug
interface without the ARM HSSTP trace interface. The adapter is delivered along the Active
Probe.
The converter has the following pinout:
Signal Direction
Signal
Description
Signal
Pin
Pin
Signal
Signal
Description
Signal Direction
I
Reference
Voltage
Vref
1
2
Vref
Reference
Voltage
I
O
JTAG
nTRST
3
4
GND
Ground
O
JTAG
TDI
5
6
GND
Ground
I/O
JTAG / SWD
TMS/SWDIO
7
8
GND
Ground
O
JTAG / SWD
TCK/SWCLK
9
10
GND
Ground
I
Return TCK
RTCK
11
12
GND
Ground
I
JTAG
TDO
13
14
GND
Ground
I/O
Reset
nRESET
15
16
GND
Ground
O
Debug Request
DBGRQ
17
18
GND
Ground
I
Debug
Acknowledge
DBACK
19
20
GND
Ground
20-pin ARM pinout
Signal Direction is described from the BlueBox perspective.

40-pin Samtec ERF8 to 10-pin 1.27mm CoreSight and 40-pin
Samtec ERF8 HSSTP Converter
Ordering code
IASAM40HSSTP-JTAGSAM
Normally 40-pin ERF8 ARM HSSTP connector provides both, ARM HHSTP trace interface and JTAG
or SWD debug interface. However, some targets for some reason don’t connect debug interface to
this connector and provide the debug JTAG/SWD interface on a separate debug connector (10-pin
1.27mm CoreSight). Using this adapter, the Active Probe can be properly connected to such target.
This converter is required only when the Active Probe is to be connected to the embedded
target where the 40-pin Samtec ERF8 target debug connector doesn’t have the debug
JTAG/SWD interface physically connected but has it connected instead to the available 10-pin
1.27 mm CoreSight target debug connector.
The adapter doesn’t come along the Active Probe and has to be ordered separately.

The converter has the following pinouts:
A – 40-pin Samtec ERF8 connector providing merged JTAG/SWD debug signals (C on the image)
and the HSSTP trace signals (B on the image) signals, to which the Active Probe connects then.
Signal Direction
Signal
Description
Signal
Pin
Pin
Signal
Signal
Description
Signal Direction
O
HSSTP Lane 4
Tx4_P
1
2
Vref
Reference
Voltage
I
O
HSSTP Lane 4
Tx4_N
3
4
TCK
JTAG
O
Ground
GND
5
6
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 2
Tx2_P
7
8
NC
Not Connected
O
HSSTP Lane 2
Tx2_N
9
10
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
11
12
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 2
Tx0_P
13
14
TDI
JTAG
O
O
HSSTP Lane 2
Tx0_N
15
16
TDO
JTAG
O
Ground
GND
17
18
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Clock
CLK_P
19
20
nRESET
Reset
O
O
HSSTP Clock
CLK_N
21
22
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
23
24
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 1
Tx1_P
25
26
NC
Not Connected
O
HSSTP Lane 1
Tx1_N
27
28
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
29
30
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 3
Tx3_P
31
32
NC
Not Connected
O
HSSTP Lane 3
Tx3_N
33
34
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
35
36
Reserved
O
HSSTP Lane 5
Tx5_P
37
38
Reserved
O
HSSTP Lane 5
Tx5_N
39
40
Reserved
40-pin Samtec ERF8 pinout

B– 40-pin Samtec ERF8 connector which connects to target development board with 40-pin
Samtec ERF8 connector exposing only the HSSTP trace signals.
Signal Direction
Signal
Description
Signal
Pin
Pin
Signal
Signal
Description
Signal Direction
O
HSSTP Lane 4
Tx4_P
1
2
Vref
Reference
Voltage
I
O
HSSTP Lane 4
Tx4_N
3
4
JTAG
O
Ground
GND
5
6
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 2
Tx2_P
7
8
NC
Not Connected
O
HSSTP Lane 2
Tx2_N
9
10
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
11
12
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 2
Tx0_P
13
14
JTAG
O
O
HSSTP Lane 2
Tx0_N
15
16
JTAG
O
Ground
GND
17
18
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Clock
CLK_P
19
20
Reset
O
O
HSSTP Clock
CLK_N
21
22
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
23
24
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 1
Tx1_P
25
26
NC
Not Connected
O
HSSTP Lane 1
Tx1_N
27
28
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
29
30
GND
Ground
O
HSSTP Lane 3
Tx3_P
31
32
NC
Not Connected
O
HSSTP Lane 3
Tx3_N
33
34
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
35
36
Reserved
O
HSSTP Lane 5
Tx5_P
37
38
Reserved
O
HSSTP Lane 5
Tx5_N
39
40
Reserved
40-pin Samtec ERF8 pinout
Blue colored signals are trace signals.
C – 10-pin CoreSight connector which connects to the target development board exposing
JTAG/SWD debug interface.
Signal Direction
Signal
Description
Signal
Pin
Pin
Signal
Signal
Description
Signal Direction
I
Reference
Voltage
Vref
1
2
SWDIO/TMS
SWD/JTAG
I/O
Ground
GND
3
4
SWCLK/TCK
SWD/JTAG
O
Ground
GND
5
6
SWO/TDO
SWD/JTAG
I
Not Connected
KEY
7
8
NC/TDI
Not
Connected /
JTAG
O
Ground
GND
9
10
nRESET
Reset
I/O
10-pin CoreSight pinout
Signal Direction is described from the BlueBox perspective.

10-pin 1.27mm CoreSight to 20-pin 2.54mm ARM Converter
Related to the just described converter IASAM40HSSTP-JTAGSAM, the target development board
can also feature a 20-pin 2.54 mm ARM target debug connector instead of the 10-pin 1.27 mm
CoreSight. In order to connect the C part of the IASAM40HSSTP-JTAGSAM to this connector,
another converter IA10PINCS20PINARM-1 is required, converting from ARM 20-pin 2.54mm to 10-
pin 1.27 CoreSight. The IA10PINCS20PINARM-1 connects to the target and then the ‘C’ point of the
IASAM40HSSTP-JTAGSAM connects on top of it.
Ordering code
IA10PINCS20PINARM-1
This converter is required only when the Active Probe is to be connected to the embedded target
providing the 20-pin 2.54 mm ARM target debug connector exposing only the debug interface
without the ARM HSSTP trace interface. No trace interface (e.g. SWO, parallel) is supported with this
converter. The converter is delivered along the Active Probe. Refer to ARM HSSTP II Active Probe
User Manual for more information.
The following pinout is valid on the target side:
Signal Direction
Signal
Description
Signal
Pin
Pin
Signal
Signal
Description
Signal Direction
I
Reference
Voltage
Vref
1
2
NC
Not Connected
O
JTAG
nTRST*
3
4
GND
Ground
O
JTAG
TDI
5
6
GND
Ground
I/O
JTAG/SWD
TMS/SWDIO
7
8
GND
Ground
O
JTAG/SWD
CLK/SWCLK
9
10
GND
Ground
Not Connected
NC
11
12
GND
Ground
I
JTAG/SWD
TDO
13
14
GND
Ground
I/O
Reset
nRESET
15
16
GND
Ground
Not Connected
NC
17
18
GND
Ground
Not Connected
NC
19
20
GND
Ground
20-pin CoreSight pinout
* nTRST is permanently pulled up
Signal Direction is described from the BlueBox perspective.

40-pin Samtec / USB-C to USB-C (HSSTP) Switch
Ordering code
IEA-SWITCH-SAM40USBC
Through this hardware switch, you can conveniently connect
· ARM HSSTP II Active Probe
· and a host PC via a standard USB-C connection
to NVIDIA Orin device (connection marked as ORIN USB-C) at the same time. This switch is optional
and must be ordered separately.
A use case is that an application is programmed by the PC-based flash programming utility
through the USB-C connection, and later, the application is debugged using the ARM HSSTP II Active
Probe. Refer to the Technical Note NVIDIA Orin: USB port functionality switching for a use case where
the switching can be automated.

Switch configuration
MODE SELECT jumper defines which connection is active.
Selected
Description
MODE SELECT
jumper
SWITCH MODE
indication
HOST USB-C
USB-C connection between the PC and the
NVIDIA Orin device is established.
Not populated /
not bridged.
The HOST LED is ON.
HSSTP
(default)
ORIN USB-C is configured for SWD + HSSTP
operation to which ARM HSSTP II Active
Probe is connected.
Bridged.
The HSSTP LED is
ON.
Connectors
The switch features two USB-C connectors:
· ORIN USB-C with a custom pinout for connection with the NVIDIA Orin device,
· HOST USB-C for connection with the host PC (standard USB connection).
The following pinout is valid on the HSSTP connector:
Signal
Direction
Signal Description
Signal
Pin
Pin
Signal
Signal Description
Signal
Direction
Not Connected
NC
1
2
Vref
Reference Voltage
I
Not Connected
NC
3
4
SWCLK
SWD
O
Ground
GND
5
6
GND
Ground
Not Connected
NC
7
8
SWDIO
SWD
I/O
Not Connected
NC
9
10
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
11
12
GND
Ground
I
HSSTP Lane 0
Tx0_P
13
14
NC
Not Connected
I
HSSTP Lane 0
Tx0_N
15
16
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
17
18
GND
Ground
Not Connected
NC
19
20
NC
Not Connected
Not Connected
NC
21
22
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
23
24
GND
Ground
I
HSSTP Lane 1
Tx1_P
25
26
NC
Not Connected
I
HSSTP Lane 1
Tx1_N
27
28
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
29
30
GND
Ground
Not Connected
NC
31
32
NC
Not Connected
Not Connected
NC
33
34
NC
Not Connected
Ground
GND
35
36
GND
Ground
Not Connected
NC
37
38
GND
Ground
Not Connected
NC
39
40
GND
Ground
40-pin HSSTP pinout
Blue colored signals are trace signals.
The following pinout is valid on ORIN USB-C connector in HOST mode:
Signal
Direction
Signal Description
Signal
Pin
Pin
Signal
Signal Description
Signal
Direction
Ground
GND
A1
B12
GND
Ground
USB 3.0 SSTX
TX1_P
A2
B11
RX2_P
USB 3.0 SSRX
USB 3.0 SSTX
TX1_N
A3
B10
RX2_N
USB 3.0 SSRX
USB +5V Supply
VBUS
A4
B9
VBUS
USB +5V Supply
Configuration Channel
CC1
A5
B8
SBU2
Alternative Mode

Signal
Direction
Signal Description
Signal
Pin
Pin
Signal
Signal Description
Signal
Direction
USB 2.0 data
D1_P
A6
B7
D1_N
USB 2.0 data
USB 2.0 data
D1_N
A7
B6
D1_P
USB 2.0 data
Alternative Mode
SBU1
A8
B5
CC2
Configuration Channel
USB +5V Supply
VBUS
A9
B4
VBUS
USB +5V Supply
USB 3.0 SSRX
RX2_N
A10
B3
TX2_N
USB 3.0 SSTX
USB 3.0 SSRX
RX2_P
A11
B2
TX2_P
USB 3.0 SSTX
Ground
GND
A12
B1
GND
Ground
ORIN USB-C pinout in HOST mode

The following pinout is valid on ORIN USB-C connector in HSSTP mode:
Signal
Direction
Signal Description
Signal
Pin
Pin
Signal
Signal Description
Signal
Direction
Ground
GND
A1
B12
GND
Ground
I
HSSTP Lane 0
TX0_P
A2
B11
NC
Not Connected
I
HSSTP Lane 0
TX0_N
A3
B10
NC
Not Connected
Reference Voltage
VREF
A4
B9
VREF
Reference Voltage
Configuration Channel*
CC1
A5
B8
SBU2
Cable Orientation
O
SWD
SWCLK
A6
B7
NC
Not Connected
IO
SWD
SWDIO
A7
B6
NC
Not Connected
Cable Orientation
SBU1
A8
B5
CC2
Configuration Channel*
Reference Voltage
VREF
A9
B4
VREF
Reference Voltage
Not connected
NC
A10
B3
TX1_N
HSSTP Lane 1
I
Not connected
NC
A11
B2
TX1_P
HSSTP Lane 1
I
Ground
GND
A12
B1
GND
Ground
ORIN USB-C pinout in HSSTP mode
* Pulled down with 5k1 resistor.
Blue colored signals are trace signals.
The following pinout is valid on HOST USB-C connector:
Signal
Direction
Signal Description
Signal
Pin
Pin
Signal
Signal Description
Signal
Direction
Ground
GND
A1
B12
GND
Ground
USB 3.0 SSTX
TX1_P
A2
B11
RX1_P
USB 3.0 SSRX
USB 3.0 SSTX
TX1_N
A3
B10
RX1_N
USB 3.0 SSRX
USB +5V Supply
VBUS
A4
B9
VBUS
USB +5V Supply
Configuration Channel
CC1
A5
B8
SBU2
Alternative Mode
USB 2.0 data
D1_P
A6
B7
D2_N
USB 2.0 data
USB 2.0 data
D1_N
A7
B6
D2_P
USB 2.0 data
Alternative Mode
SBU1
A8
B5
CC2
Configuration Channel
USB +5V Supply
VBUS
A9
B4
VBUS
USB +5V Supply
USB 3.0 SSRX
RX2_N
A10
B3
TX2_N
USB 3.0 SSTX
USB 3.0 SSRX
RX2_P
A11
B2
TX2_P
USB 3.0 SSTX
Ground
GND
A12
B1
GND
Ground
HOST USB-C pinout
Signal Direction is described from the BlueBox perspective.
When connecting the BlueBox to a target for the first time, double check that the debug
adapter pinout matches the Target connector. A mismatch can result in a hardware failure.
Orientation
When connecting the switch ORIN USB-C connector to NVIDIA Orin target, make sure the connector
is oriented correctly. Pay attention to the ORIENTATION LED indicator located on the Switch. The
green LED lits when ORIN USB-C connector is properly connected to the NVIDIA target. If the red LED
lits, rotate the ORIN USB-C connection.
· Red – Wrong
· Green – OK

Hardware Setup and Configuration
For detailed visual presentation of the hardware setup and configuration, refer to Getting
started tutorial. Use short link isystem.com/start.
1. Connect the power supply cable. BlueBox should be switched off.
2. First connect via USB. Later you can configure TCP/IP connection to work remotely.
3. Connect the Grounding wire to the BlueBox and the Target.
If the Grounding wire is not connected, the ground potential difference between the BlueBox
and the Target can exceed well over 1000V even before any of the devices are powered up.
This voltage difference is discharged over the BlueBox and the Target, leading to the
possible destruction of electronic components.
4. Connect FNet cable of Active Probe to the BlueBlux FNet port.
Although it looks similar to the HDMI interface, the FNet Port is not compatible with HDMI
or any HDMI accessories.
Connecting iSYSTEM hardware to HDMI accessories will damage the hardware and will
render the iSYSTEM hardware warranty void.
5. Power ON the hardware in the following order:
a. BlueBox
b. Target
6. Install winIDEA and create a new workspace.
7. Configure Debug channel modes via Hardware / CPU Options / SoC.
For troubleshooting refer to Knowledge Base - kb.isystem.com.
More general settings are described in winIDEA Help.

Accessories
Analog/Digital and Network Trace
Ordering Code
Description
IC57031
IOM6 Hub (3 x FNet & FBridge)
IC57040
IOM6 CAN/LIN
IC57041
IOM6 ADIO
IC57125-1
ARM HSSTP II Active Probe
IC57163-1
Infineon DAP/DAPE II Active Probe
IC57164
Infineon AGBT Active Probe
IC57150
MPC5x/SPC5x Aurora Active Probe
IC57166
Infineon SGBT (HSTCU) Active Probe
ARM HSSTP II Active Probe Accessories
Description
Ordering Code
1.0m FNet Cable
BB-FNET-100
3.0m FNet Cable
BB-FNET-300
5.0m FNet Cable
BB-FNET-500
TET SICA20I2P Converter
IATETSICA20I2P
Samtec40 to 20-pin JTAG ARM Converter
IASAM40ARMPIN20
10-pin Cortex 1.27mm + Samtec40 HSSTP
Converter
IASAM40HSSTP-JTAGSAM
10-pin CoreSight to ARM20 Converter
IA10PINCS20PINARM-1
40-pin Samtec / USB-C to USB-C (HSSTP)
Switch
IEA-SWITCH-SAM40USBC
mDIO Cable
BB-AP-MDIO-20
Please refer to the iC5700 BlueBox for all current iC5700 accessories.
More information about our products on www.isystem.com or via [e-mail].

www.isystem.com
Visit our website for:
· Support - isystem.com/support
· Tutorials - isystem.com/getting-started
· Knowledge Base - kb.isystem.com