Technalogix TAUD-100 User manual

TAUD-1000
BROADCAST TRANSMITTER
OPERATING
MANUAL

You’ve already unpacked it, haven’t you? You’ve unpacked
it and plugged it in and turned it on and fiddled with the
knobs. No? Okay, good. Please take a few minutes to read
the manual and familiarize yourself with your new
Technalogix power amplifier.
We believe that this manual, and of course our equipment,
should be everything you need to get on the air with superb
broadcast quality video. We understand that a capable and
confident user will get the most out of our product and we
have made every attempt to educate readers of all technical
levels. If there is something that is not clear, or you require
further information, please do not hesitate to contact us and
we’ll be glad to help out.
Technalogix Ltd.
#4, 8021 Edgar Industrial Place
Red Deer, Alberta, Canada
T4P 3R3
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
URL: www.technalogix.ca
Email: [e-mail]
[e-mail]
We truly appreciate that you have chosen us as your
television broadcast system supplier. Happy viewing.

I-1
Technalogix Ltd
Section I - Safeguards
General Safeguards
This section is written as a general guide to keep all 5 fingers on your hand and is intended for
those having previous knowledge and experience with these kinds of equipment. It is not intended
to contain a complete statement of all safety precautions, which should be observed by personnel
using this or other electronic equipment.
DOCUMENTATION-Read,retainandfollowinstructions before operatingtheequipment.
There is a lot of useful information in the manual, and besides, we spent a lot of time
writing it!
ENVIRONMENT - To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this
equipment to rain, moisture, or rye and sodas at the company Christmas party. Refer all
servicing to qualified service personnel.
SERVICING - Do not attempt to service this equipment yourself as opening or removing
covers can result in a warm tingly feeling and will void the warranty. Refer all servicing to
qualified service personnel.

I-2
Technalogix Ltd
Safety and First Aid
Personnel engaged in the installation, operation,maintenance,orservicing of electronicequipment
are exposed to the hazard of high voltage. It is imperative that all safety regulations and
precautions are consistently observed. Knowledge of first aid procedures is recommended. The
following information is presented as a reference only.
•At all times, avoid placing any part of the body in series between ground and circuit points,
whether power is on or off.
•Dangerous voltage may be present in equipment even though power is off. Do not open the
cabinet. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel.
•It is the duty of all personnel to be prepared to give adequate emergency first aid treatment and
thereby prevent avoidable loss of life.
•There are three principle degrees of burns, recognizable as follows:
•a first-degree burn reddens the skin.
•a second-degree burn blisters the skin.
•a third degree burn chars the flesh and frequently places the victim in a state of shock
accompanied by respiratory paralysis.
•Respiratory paralysis can cause death by suffocation within seconds. It is imperative that the
approvedmethods of artificial respiration areinitiated immediately andcontinue untilthe victim’s
breathing is normal.
•A muscular spasm of unconsciousness may render the victim unable to break free of the
electric power. If this is the case, turn the power off immediately.
DO NOT TOUCH THE VICTIM OR YOU MAY SHARE THE SAME
PREDICAMENT.
•If the power cannot be turned off immediately, very carefully loop a dry rope, article of clothing,
length of strong cloth or a rolled-up newspaper around the victim and pull the victim free of the
power source. Carefully avoid touching the victim or clothing.
•Once free of the power source, the victim must be placed in a reclining position and covered
with a blanket or newspapers to keep warm. At the first opportunity, enlist help in
summoning a doctor. If a doctor cannot be summoned, transport the victim to the doctor or
a hospital. Be sure the victim is kept well covered and warm while awaiting professional
treatment.

I-3
Technalogix Ltd
Operating Safeguards
It is a known fact that our broadcast transmitters and translators enjoy 50-ohm load
impedances. So much so, that it is imperative you maintain 50-ohm impedances throughout
your system. In return, your equipment will provide you with maximum power transfer to the
antenna and decreased reflected power heading back towards the amplifier pallets, reducing
the amount of magic smoke that gets let out of the power amplifier. Before anything is turned
on, ensure that there is a 50-ohm path from the output of each stage to the input of the next, all
the way to the antenna.
In addition to maintaining proper 50-ohm impedances throughout the signal chain, it is also
important, whenever possible, to make sure the RF drive going to the input of the power
amplifier is removed before turning on or turning off the DC power supply. This is because all of
the RF transistors used in the individual amplifier pallets are fabricated with LDMOS (Laterally
Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology. Nice and linear yes, but they do not like to
make any RF power when their supply voltages are not within a specific range. When you first
turn your power amplifier on or off, the DC power supply’s output voltage may take a while to
stable out to a safe operating voltage. Ten seconds wait before applying the RF drive will
ensure no issues arise.
Our power amplifiers are designed to reliably generate a specific RF output power. Failing to
adhere to overdriven amplifier warnings can decrease the reliability of your system, and frankly,
makes our repair department busy and grumpy. If you need to transmit to a little larger
coverage, you are better off increasing antenna gain, and more importantly, antenna height
above average terrain. On TV and FM broadcast frequencies, insufficient antenna height puts
an upper limit on your range, regardless of power levels, as the distance from your antenna to
the radio horizon is limited.

Technalogix Ltd Transmitter
II-1
Section II - Warranty
Our legalese is straightforward. It is simplydesigned togive you peaceof mind and helpsyouresist
the temptation to have your electronics friend try to repair your Technalogix product.
Technalogix Ltd. products have been completely tested and found to meet specifications and bein
proper operating condition. They are warranted to be free from defects in materials and
workmanshipfor a period of oneyear from the date ofshipment. If the system becomesdamaged in
shipment and there are obvious signsof damage to theoutside ofthe packaging, notify yourcourier
immediately before that courier walks out the door.
Technalogix Ltd. will not be liable for damages of whatever nature arising out of or in connection
with the equipment or its use thereof. Technalogix does not assume responsibility for injury or
damage resulting from the practices of untrained or unqualified personnel in the handling of this
equipment.
Technalogix Ltd. warranty does not include:
•misuse, neglect or accident.
•incorrect wiring and /or improper installation.
•unauthorized repairs, modifications or use in violation of instructions issued by Technalogix.
•incidental or consequential damages as a result of any defect.
•reshipment cost or insurance of the unit or replacement units or parts.
•acts of nature or terrorism.
Technalogix agrees, at our option, to remedy warranted defects or furnish a new part in exchange
forany part of a unitwhich, under normal installation, useand service, becomes defective. Theuser
will pay for transportation costs to and from the repair center. If you require technicalservice onthe
site, the cost to you will be $800.00 US per day plus air fare and meals.

Technalogix Ltd Transmitter
II-2
To claim your rights under this warranty:
•Contact Technalogix and describe the problem in as much detail as possible. See
troubleshooting section in this manual. If a solution cannot be found at this time, it may be
determined that the unit will have to be returned to Technalogix for repair, once a Return
Materials Authorization (RMA) number is provided. Please look under our web site
(www.technalogix.ca) for the RMA form (Service) and fill it out. Either fax it to us or email to us.
•Packageequipment carefully for prepaid shipmentto Technalogix. Include a written description
of the problem experienced, a copy of the original invoice establishing warranty status, and the
RMA.
Technalogix reserves the right to make revisions in current production of the equipment and
assumes no obligation to incorporate these changes in earlier models.
Shipping Address:
Technalogix Ltd.
ATTN:RMA#
#4, 8021 Edgar Industrial Place
Red Deer, Alberta, Canada
T4P 3R3
Ph: 403.347.5400
Made in Canada, returned for repairs

Technalogix Ltd Transmitter
II-3
Terms & Conditions of Sale
Sales by Technalogix Ltd (“Seller”) are made only on the terms which are contained in this
Terms and Conditions of Sale Policy. Seller hereby gives notice of its objection to any different
or additional terms and conditions. All sales are expressly conditional upon Buyers’ assent to
the terms and conditions set forth below. These terms and conditions may be modified or
supplemented only by a written document sighed by the authorized representative of Seller.
These terms and conditions supersede any prior and/or contemporaneous agreements or
correspondence between Buyer and Seller. Any order received and accepted by Technalogix
Ltd (Seller) shall be construed as an acceptance of Seller’s offer to sell its products to the
purchaser (Buyer) in accordance with the terms and conditions of sale set forth herein. No
waiver, whether express or implied, by Seller of any of the terms or conditions hereof shall be
deemed a continuing waiver or trade custom between the parties, but shall apply solely to the
instance to which the waiver is directed.
Ordering Information
All orders must be in writing and/or accompanied by a PO. 50% down payment is required with
all orders. No orders are considered an order until the down payment has been paid.
Order Confirmation
A purchase order is not binding on Seller until Buyer has received Seller’s order confirmation or
acknowledgement.
Pricing Policy
Prices for products do not include taxes or any additional charges. All prices are FOB shipping
point and prices do not include freight/handling charges and insurance charges. All prices are
in U.S. currency.
All prices published or quoted by Seller may be changed at any time without notice. Unless
otherwise specified, written quotations expire thirty (30) days from the date issued and are
subject to change or termination by notice during this period.
Taxes
Prices for all products do not include any sales, use, excise or other taxes. Buyer agrees to pay
all applicable federal, state, and local taxes, duties and other fees on product and services
ordered. If Buyer claims an exemption form any tax, Buyer shall submit to Seller the
appropriate exemption certificates.
Shipping
Shipping is the responsibility of the Buyer. This includes all freight, custom and brokerage
charges and duties.

Technalogix Ltd Transmitter
II-4
Terms of Payment
Seller will provide credit terms to Buyer at its discretion. Such terms are subject to change at all
times. If credit is provided, Seller will invoice Buyer on the date the product is ordered. Such
invoices will be due and payable net thirty (30) days from date of invoice, subject to credit
approval. If credit is not established or maintained, terms shall be net cash on or prior to the
Delivery Date. Seller reserves the right, at its sole discretion at any time to revoke any credit
previously extended.
Past due accounts shall be charged two percent (2%) per month, or the highest rate permitted
by Alberta law, whichever is less, and will be added to the outstanding balance. In the event
Buyer defaults on payment, Buyer shall be liable for all collection cost, including reasonable
attorney’s fees and costs.
Changes and Cancellation
Purchase orders that have been accepted by Seller may not be changed or cancelled, in whole
or in part, without written consent of Seller. All changes must be include in a change order
reflecting the purchase order number and submitted to the Seller. All other changes will not be
accepted or acknowledged. Changes may affect delivery dates. Expenses incurred because of
the changes shall be charged to the Buyer. Buyer will be liable for Seller’s costs incurred, plus
a reasonable profit, for the portion of the work terminated, in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principle, together with cancellation charges.
Orders for standard product may be changed by Buyer, with no penalty to the Buyer, provided
that Buyer provides Technalogix notification at least 30 days prior to the scheduled ship date.
Order changes received within 30 days of the scheduled ship date may be subject to an order
change charge; a schedule detailing these charges will be forwarded to Buyer when Buyer’s
change order is acknowledged. In no event can any aspect of the order be changed after
product shipment has occurred.
Orders for custom product may be canceled by Buyer, provided that Buyer pays Seller for
completed work allocated to Buyer’s order at the time of termination of the work at the unit
selling price and all costs, direct and indirect for work-in-progress as well as costs resulting from
cancellation and a reasonable profit therein. Specific cancellation charges will be dependent on
the type of custom product ordered; a schedule detailing these charges will be forwarded to
Buyer when Buyer’s cancellation is acknowledged. Orders for custom product are subject to a
cancellation fee of up to 100% of the order, depending on the stage of completion of the order
at the date the cancellation or revision is accepted.
Custom Products Policy
Custom items are not returnable; items other than “off the shelf” products are considered
custom. Custom products, by their nature, are products and materials which have been altered,
modified, cut, amended and customized to your order, and are not resalable or returnable.

Technalogix Ltd Transmitter
II-5
Orders for custom product are subject to a cancellation fee of up to 100% of the order,
depending on the stage of completion of the order at the date the cancellation or revision is
accepted.
Returns
The return of Products without a written authorization by Seller will not be accepted. Returns
are accepted only with a valid Return Material Authorization (RMA) number for items to be
returned. To receive authorization for Product return, please call customer service. There is a
standard 25% restocking cost assessed on most returns.
All returned products must be unused, and in original condition. No refund or credit shall be
given for damaged products.
We do not accept return packages without a valid RMA number and we do not accept postage-
due or C.O.D. packages at any time for any reason.
Excusable Delay
Seller shall not be liable for any loss or damage resulting from any delay in delivery or failure to
deliver which is due to any cause beyond Seller’s control, including, without limitation, acts of
nature, unavailability of supplies or sources of energy, riots, wars, fires, floods, epidemics,
lockouts, strikes and slowdowns, delays in delivery by supplies, or acts or omissions of the
Buyer. The Buyer shall be liable for stage charges, including but not limited to all third party
costs and expenses incurred by Seller, in holding or storing products for the Buyer or at the
Buyer’s request.
Assignment
Buyer shall not assign any duties nor assign any order or any interest therein without the written
consent of the Seller. Any such actual or attempted assignment shall entitle Seller to cancel the
order upon written notice to Buyer.
Installation
Seller assumes no obligation to install any product sold or to place any products in working
order at Buyer’s premises
Validity of Separate Clauses
If any provisions of this agreement shall be held invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the validity,
legality or enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not be affected or impaired thereby.

III-1
Section III – Overview
Standard Features
•Narrow output bandpass filter allows adjacent channel operation
•Front panel Display to monitor system parameters
•Microcontroller-based monitoring and control ensures amplifier will never be overdriven and
high VSWR will not damage amplifier
•All aluminium enclosure maintains power amplifier’s light weight
•Simple design using commonly available parts ensures reliable operation
•Ethernet, SNMP and Remote Port system monitoring

III-2
Principle of Operation
The TAUD-1000 power amplifier supplies a 1000-watt (rms) 8VSB television signal on any of the
UHF television channels 14 through 69. Please note that channel selection must be made at time
of order, as the transmitter or translator is calibrated and tested to the channel requested andis not
field tuneable. The TAUD-1000 power amplifier is a modular solid-state 1000-watt broadcast
amplifier utilizing readily available RF components wherever possible, thus enhancing the
serviceability of the equipment.
The TAUD-1000 is comprised of two TAUD-500 500-watt RMS power amplifiers that get combined
to create the 1,000-watts RMS 8VSB RF signal, as illustrated in the following block diagram

TAUD-500 AMPLIFIER
TAUD-500 AMPLIFIER
Modulator or
Processor
External
power
supply
COMBINER/FILTER
RF Out
TAUD-1000 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Date: November 17, 2008 Page: 1 of 1
Rev ID

III-3
Inside each of the 500-watt RMS power amplifiers, the signal passes through an RF attenuator
to limit the output power level of the power amplifier and to help buffer any transients that may
come into the power amplifier. After attenuation, the signal gets preamplified through a UHFTV-
50 driver amplifier before the signal gets split into (3) signals for final amplification using a 3-way
microstrip power divider. The final amplification stage is comprised of (3) BLF878 final
amplifiers. The outputs of the (3) final amplifier pallets are combined with a 3-way microstrip
combiner and pass through an isolator as illustrated in the following TAUD-500 block diagram.
After the isolator, the signal passes through a dual directional coupler before heading into the
combiner/filter enclosure.

BLF878 FINAL
AMPLIFIER PALLET
BLF878 FINAL
AMPLIFIER PALLET
A=-0.05dB typical
A=-0.5dB typical
To Wattmeter
and Antenna
UHFTV-50 Driver
Pallet
3 WAY SPLIITER 3 WAY COMBINER
RF INPUT RF OUT
Directional C
TERMINATION
50 OHM
ATTENUATION
TAUD-500 ENCLOSURE
Date: NOVEMBER 29, 2010 Page: 1 of 1
Rev ID

III-4
After amplification, the signal exits the power amplifier enclosure and goes into the filter/coupler
enclosure. The two RF signals from each of the TAUD-500 amplifiers (500-watts RMS) get
combined by a 2-way, 90 degree combiner via phased cables. The amplified signals are filtered
with a bandpass filter and monitored again with another directional coupler before heading out
to the customers inline 8VSB reading wattmeter and then to an antenna for broadcast, as
depicted in the following filter/coupler block diagram.

A=-0.6dB to -1.0dB
A=-0.05dB
A=-0.45dB
TO WATTMETER
AND ANTENNA
COMBINER DIRECTIONAL COUPLER
FILTER
RF OUT
PA2 OUT
PA1 OUT
TAUD-1000 COMBINER/FILTER ENCLOSURE
Date: November 17, 2008 Page: 1 of 1
Rev ID

III-6
Specifications
Electrical specifications that are specific to the unit are included with the shipment in addition to
being kept on file at Technalogix
Physical Characteristics
Operating Temperature 0 - 50°C
Dimensions
TAUD-500 Power Amplifier (each) W-19" flange (17” encl.), D-25-¼", H-10 ½” (6U) each
Combiner/Filter W-19" flange (17” encl.), D-25-¼", H-10 ½” (6U)
Power Supply W-19" flange (17” encl.), D-25-¼", H-5 ¼” (3U)
TM600-8VSB Modulator (if supplied) W-19" flange (17” encl.), D-16", H-3 ½” (2U)

Technalogix Ltd TAUD-1000 Transmitter
IV-1
Section IV – RF Components
Amplifier Pallets
The UHFTV-50 driver pallet is also a linear class-AB pallet. It has a typical gain of 37dB and draws
no more than 3.0Adc total drain current. The quiescent and drain currents can be measured on the
UHFTV-50 by inserting an ammeter in series with the power supply lead to the pallet or by
measuring the voltage drop across the current sense resistorfound directlyat the DC power supply
lead input to the pallet. This resistance is 0.01-ohms, providing a 10mV per ampere ratio.
TheBLF878 pallets used in thefinal amplification stage useLDMOS(LaterallyDiffusedMetalOxide
Semiconductor) technology. LDMOS technology offers higher gain, efficiency and linearity over
standard MOSFET and Bipolar devices and enhances ruggedness and reliability. LDMOS
transistors have the added advantage of not having BEO (Beryllium Oxide) in their construction.
The BLF878 amplifier pallets have a typical gain of 17dB and draw no more than 25Adc. Currents
for these pallets must be measured with an ammeter in series with the power supply lead.
Each of the amplifier pallets is connectorized to optimize servicing and accessibility

Technalogix Ltd TAUD-1000 Transmitter
IV-4
Power Divider/Combiner (internal to each TAUD-500 enclosure)
A Wilkinson power divider and combiner (identical printed circuit boards) are used to split the RF
signal into, and combine the amplified RF signal out of the (3) BLF final amplifier pallets. Flanged
power resistors help ensure that any differences between the inputs or outputs are balanced.
The Wilkinson design takes advantage of the fact thatan impedance transformationcan take place
across a quarter-wavelength transmission line ifthe linehas different impedancethan the sourceor
load impedances being matched. In this case, quarter-wavelengths of 75-ohm coaxial are used to
maintain 50-ohm impedances at the input and output of the Wilkinson divider/combiner. Due to its
electrical and mechanical symmetry, the Wilkinson design’s performance over moderate
bandwidths is superior to other types. This design maintains phase and amplitude equality, in
addition to providing isolation and matched outputs.
Splitter/Combiner
The splitter and combiner are used to split the RF signal into, and combine the amplified RF signal
out of the (2) final amplifier pallets. The connectorized designs are based on the simple isolated
Wilkinson combiner design. Due to its electrical and mechanical symmetry, the Wilkinson design’s
performance over moderate bandwidths is superior to other types.
Directional Coupler
The Technalogix dual directional coupler provide DC voltages proportional toforward and reflected
RF power monitoring. These analog voltages are converted for processing using analog-to-digital
convertersand provide the control systemwith valuable datafor monitoringpurposes. Outputpower
should be set following the operating procedure found elsewhere in this manual. The directional
coupler has a typical insertion loss of 0.5dB and its Type N connectors can handle 1,500 watts
peak. On higher power systems, 7/16 DIN connectors are used for increased power handling
capability.
Isolator
The power amplifier pallets are protected in part by the isolator located in the filter enclosure. It is
actually made up of a circulator and 50-ohm dump resistor. The circulators’ specifications include
an insertion loss of less than 0.2dB with an isolation rating better than 20dB. Any reflected power
gets dumped into the flanged power resistor. Even though the flanged power resistor is rated for
less than the transmitter’s rated power, the software will recognize quickly that reflected power is
present and turn the carrier off. This way,there is instantaneousprotection due to theisolator setup
and long term protection due to the software.