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Tektronix

COMMITTED

TO

EXCELLENCE

FUNCTION

GENERATOR

FG

501

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

Tektronix

COMMITTED

TO

EXCELLENCE

FUNCTION

GENERATOR

FG

501

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

Tektronix,

Inc.

P.O.

Box

500

Beaverton,

Oregon

97077

Serial

Number

______________________

070

1431-01

First

rinting

August

I972

W RR NTY

This

Tektronix

product

is

warranted

against

defective

materials

and

workmanship,

under

normal

use,

for

a

period

of

one

year

from

date

of

initial

shipment.

Tektronix

will

repair

or

replace,

at

its

option,

those

products

determined

to

be

defective

within

the

warranty

period

and

returned,

freight

prepaid,

to

a

Tektronix

Service

Center.

There

is

no

implied

warranty

for

fitness

of

purpose.

Please

direct

all

requests

for

service

or

replacement

parts

to

the

nearest

Tektronix

Service

Center

or

Field

Office;

include

the

type

or

part

number

of

the

product

and

its

serial

number.

Copyright

©

1972,

1978

by

Tektronix,

Inc.

ll

rights

reserved.

Contents

of

this

publication

may

not

be

reproduced

in

any

form

without

the

permission

of

Tektronix,

Inc.

Products

of

Tektronix,

Inc.

and

its

subsidiaries

are

covered

by

U.S.

and

foreign

patents

and/or

pending

patents.

TEKTRONIX,

TEK,

SCOPE-MOBILE,

TELEQUIPMENT,

and

are

registered

trademarks

of

Tektronix,

Inc.

Printed

in

U.S. .

Specification

and

price

change

privileges

are

reserved.

FG

501

WARNING

T BLE

OF

CONTENTS

Page

SECTION

1

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

1-1

SECTION

2

SPECIFICATION

AND

PERFORMANCE

CHECK

2-1

THE

FOLLOWING

SERVICING

INSTRUCTIONS

ARE

FOR

USE

BY

QUALIFIED

PER



SONNEL

ONLY.

TO

AVOID

PERSONAL

INJURY,

DO

NOT

PERFORM

ANY

SERVICING

OTHER

THAN

THAT

CONTAINED

IN

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

UNLESS

YOU

ARE

QUALIFIED

TO

DO

SO.

SECTION

3

ADJUSTMENT

3-1

SECTION

4

MAINTENANCE

AND

INTERFACING

INFORMATION

4-1

SECTION

5

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

5-1

SECTION

6

OPTIONS

6-1

SECTION

7

REPLACEABLE

ELECTRICAL

PARTS

7-1

SECTION

8

DIAGRAM

AND

CIRCUIT

BOARD

ILLUSTRATION

8-1

SECTION

9

REPLACEABLE

MECHANICAL

PARTS

AND

EXPLODED

VIEW

9-1

CHANGE

INFORMATION

Fig.

1-1.

FG

501

Function

Generator

FG

501

REV.

B

JUL

1978

Section

1

—

FG

501

OPER TING

INSTRUCTIONS

INTRODUCTION

The

FG

501

Function

Generator

is

designed

to

o erate

in

a

TM

500-Series

ower

module.

Low

distortion

sine,

square,

triangle,

ulse,

and

ram

waveforms

from

0.001

Hz

to

1

MHz

as

well

as

a

+2.5

volt

square-wave

trigger

are

available

at

the

front

anel.

Variable

DC

offset

of

±7.5

volts

is

also

rovided.

A

"hold"

feature

allows

the

generator

out ut

to

be

abru tly

halted

at

its

instantaneous

voltage

level

and

held

there

until

manually

switched

on

again.

A

voltage-controlled

frequency

(VCF)

in ut

is

rovided

to

control

the

out ut

frequency

from

an

external

voltage

source.

The

out ut

frequency

can

be

swe t

above

or

below

the

selected

frequency

to

a

maximum

of

1000:1

de ending

on

the

olarity

and

am litude

of

the

VCF

in ut

and

the

selected

out ut

frequency.

Also

included

is

an

external

gate

in ut

that

allows

the

generator

to

be

turned

on

for

the

duration

of

an

externally

a lied

gating

signal.

This

mode

rovides

either

a

single

cycle

out ut

or

a

train

(burst)

of

reselected

waveforms

de ending

on

the

gating

signal

width

and

the

generator

frequency

setting.

The

hase

(start

level)

of

the

waveform

burst

can

be

varied

±90°

by

a

front- anel

control.

The

variety

of

swe t

and

modulated

signals

available

from

the

FG

501

make

it

es ecially

useful

for

such

a lications

as

testing

servo-system

or

am lifier

res onse,

distortion,

and

stability;

FM

generation

and

frequency

multi lication;

or

sim ly

used

as

a

variable

beat-frequency

oscillator,

re etition-rate,

or

tone-burst

generator.

The

square-wave

trigger

out ut

can

be

used

as

a

source

for

transistor-transistor

logic

(TTL)

or

to

syn



chronize

an

external

device

such

as

an

oscillosco e

or

counter.

The

FG

501

is

calibrated

and

ready

for

use

when

received.

It

is

designed

to

o erate

in

any

com artment

of

a

TM

500-Series

ower

module

only.

Refer

to

the

ower

module

Instruction

Manual

for

line

voltage

requirements

and

ower

module

o eration.

Installation

and

Removal

Turn

th

pow r

modul

off

b for

ins rting

th

plug



in;

oth rwis ,

damag

may

occur

to

th

plug-in

circuitry.

B caus

of

th

high

curr nt

drawn

by

th

FG

501,

it

is

also

r comm nd d

that

th

pow r

modul

b

turn d

off

b for

r moving

th

FG

501.

R f r

to

Fig.

1-2.

Ch ck

to

s

that

th

plastic

barri rs

on

th

int rconn cting

jack

of

th

s l ct d

pow r

modul

compartm nt

match

th

cut-outs

in

th

FG

501

circuit

board

dg

conn ctor.

Align

the

FG

501

chassis

with

the

u er

and

lower

guides

of

the

selected

com artment.

Push

the

module

in

and

ress

firmly

to

seat

the

circuit

board

in

the

inter



connecting

jack.

Pull

the

Power

switch

on

the

front

anel

of

the

ower

module

to

a ly

ower

to

the

FG

501.

Observe

that

the

POWER

indicator

light

on

the

FG

501

comes

on.

Remove

the

FG

501

from

the

ower

module

by

ulling

the

release

latch

at

the

bottom

of

the

front

anel

and

sliding

the

unit

straight

out

of

the

ower

module.

Fig.

1-2.

Plug-in

installation

and

removal.

1-1

REV.

C

JUL

1978

Operating

Instructions

—

FG

501

OPER TING

CONSIDER TIONS

NOTE

B for

using

th

FG

501

for

th

first

tim ,

r ad

th

Op rating

Consid rations

in

this

s ction

and

th

d scription

of

th

front-pan l

controls,

conn ctors,

and

indicators

in

Fig.

1-3.

Output

Connections

The

out ut

of

the

FG

501

is

designed

to

o erate

as

a

voltage

source

in

series

with

50



and

working

into

a

50



load.

At

the

higher

frequencies,

an

unterminated

or

im ro erly

terminated

out ut

will

cause

excessive

aberrations

on

the

out ut

waveform

(see

Im edance

Matching

discussion).

Loads

less

than

50



will

reduce

the

waveform

am litude.

Excessive

distortion

or

aberrations

due

to

im ro er

termination

is

less

likely

to

occur

at

the

lower

frequencies

(es ecially

with

sine

and

triangle

waveforms).

However,

to

ensure

that

waveform

urity

is

reserved,

observe

the

following

recautions:

1.

Use

quality

50

O

coaxial

cables

and

connectors.

2.

Make

all

connections

tight

and

as

short

as

ossible.

3.

Use

quality

attenuators,

if

necessary,

to

reduce

waveform

am litude

to

sensitive

circuits.

4.

Use

terminators

or

im edance-matching

devices

to

avoid

reflections

when

using

long

cables,

i.e.,

six

feet

or

more.

5.

Ensure

that

attenuators,

terminations,

etc.

have

adequate

ower-handling

ca abilities

for

the

out ut

waveform

(a roximately

0.5

W

into

a

50



load).

Power

out ut

is

determined

by

the

selected

waveform,

its

am litude,

and

the

amount

of

offset

voltage

selected.

The

hysical

and

electrical

characteristics

of

the

ulse



transmitting

cable

determine

the

characteristic

im



edance,

velocity

of

ro agation,

and

amount

of

signal

loss.

Signal

loss,

due

to

energy

dissi ation

in

the

cable

dielectric,

is

ro ortional

to

the

frequency;

therefore,

a

few

feet

of

cable

can

attenuate

high-frequency

informa



tion

in

a

f

as

t-rise

ulse.

It

is

im ortant

to

kee

these

cables

as

short

as

ossible.

When

signal

com arison

measurements

or

time

difference

determinations

are

made,

the

two

signals

from

the

test

device

should

travel

through

coaxial

cables

with

identical

loss

and

time-delay

characteristics.

If

there

is

a

d

c

voltage

across

the

out ut

load,

the

out ut

ulse

am litude

will

be

com ressed;

or

in

some

cases,

if

the

voltage

exceeds

±10

V,

it

may

short

the

out ut.

To

revent

this

from

occurring,

the

out ut

must

be

cou led

through

a

d

c

blocking

ca acitor

to

the

load.

The

time

constant

of

the

cou ling

ca acitor

and

load

must

be

long

enough

to

maintain

ulse

flatness.

Risetime

and

Falltime

If

the

out ut

ulse

from

the

FG

501

is

used

for

measuring

the

rise

or

falltime

of

a

device,

the

risetime

characteristics

of

associated

equi ment

may

have

to

be

considered.

If

the

risetime

of

the

device

under

test

is

at

least

10

times

greater

than

the

combined

risetimes

of

the

FG

501

lus

the

monitoring

oscillosco e

and

associated

cables,

the

error

introduced

will

not

exceed

1%

and

generally

can

be

ignored.

If

the

rise

or

falltime

of

the

test

device,

however,

is

less

than

10

times

as

long

as

the

combined

risetimes

of

the

testing

system,

the

actual

risetime

of

the

device

will

have

to

be

determined

from

the

risetime

of

each

com onent

making

u

the

system.

This

equals

the

square

root

of

the

sum

of

the

squares

of

the

individual

risetimes.

Conversely,

the

risetime

of

the

device

under

test

can

be

found

from

the

same

relationshi

if

all

the

actual

risetimes

in

the

system

are

known

exce t

that

of

the

device

under

test.

Impedance

Matching

Reflections.

As

a

ulse

travels

down

a

transmission

line,

each

time

it

encounters

a

mismatch,

or

an

im edance

different

than

the

transmission

line,

a

reflection

is

generated

and

sent

back

along

the

line

to

the

source.

The

am litude

and

olarity

of

the

reflections

are

determined

by

the

amount

of

the

encountered

im edance

in

relation

to

the

characteristic

im edance

of

the

cable.

If

the

mismatch

im edance

is

higher

than

the

line,

the

reflection

will

be

of

the

same

olarity

as

the

a lied

signal;

if

it

is

lower,

the

reflection

will

be

of

o osite

olarity.

If

the

reflected

signal

returns

before

the

ulse

is

ended,

it

adds

to

or

subtracts

from

the

am litude

of

the

ulse.

This

distorts

the

ulse

sha e

and

am litude.

Matching

Networks.

The

following

describes

methods

for

matching

im edance

networks

into

relatively

low

im edances.

If

the

FG

501

is

driving

a

high

im edance,

such

as

the

1

M



in ut

im edance

of

the

vertical

in ut

for

an

oscillosco e,

the

transmission

line

must

determinated

1-2

REV.

B

JUL

1978

Operating

Instructions

—

FG

501

FUNCTION

Selector

TRIG

OUTPUT

Connector

POWER

Indicator

B

SM

connector

that

pro



vides

a

+2.5

V

square



wave

trigger

output

into

a

600

Q

load.

Selects

sine,

triangle,

square,

ramp,

and

pulse

output

waveforms.

Pulse

and

ramp

duration

is

Operating

siderations

tional

information.

waveform

1/2f.

See

Co

n

-

for

addi-

M

PL

Control

Concentric

with

OFF



SET

control.

Varies

am



plitude

of

waveform

at

the

OUTPUT

connector

from

less

than

500

mV

(fully

ccw)

to

20

V

p-p

open

circuit

(SN

B130000-up).

For

SN

below

B1

30000,

con



trol

is

label

OUTPUT

and

provides

a

maximum

of

15

V

p-p

open

circuit.

FREQUENCY

Hz

Dial

The

frequency

of

sine,

triangle

and

waveforms

is

the

dial

reading

times

multiplier.

Ramp

and

pulse

wave



forms

have

a

frequency

approximately

1.6X

dial

setting

times

multiplier

with

the

MULTIPLIER

at

1

or

above

and

a

fre



quency

of

approximately

2X

dial

setting

on

the

three

lowest

ranges

of

the

MULTIPLIER

selec



tor.

square

OFFSET

Control

Concentric

with

MPL

control

.

For

S

N

6130000-up,

control

pullout

provides

a

var-

able

de

offset

voltage

from

zero

(centered)

to

either

7.5

V

(fully

ccw)

or

+7.5

V

(fully

cw).

When

pushed

in

pro



vides

zero

off-set.

For

SN

below

B1

30000

control

does

not

pull

out

and

offset

limits

are

-5

V

to

+5

V.

FREQ

VERNIER

Control

Provides

vernier

selec



tion

of

output

frequency

from

the

fully

cw

(calibrated)

position

to

approximately

0.35%

of

full

scale

in

the

fully

ccw

position.

MULTIPLIER

Selector

Selects

frequency

range

in

9

decade

steps

and

provides

three

"hold"

positions

(between

the

lowest

three

multiplier

positions)

that

hold

the

generator

output

at

any

desired

instantaneous

voltage

level.

PH SE

Control

When

pulled

out

provides

continuously

variable

selection

of

the

gated

output

waveform

start

level

(phase)

from

+90°

(fully

ccw)

to

—

90°

(fully

cw)

referenced

to

the

sine

or

triangle

waveform

0°

starting

point.

Used

in

conjunction

with

the

G TE

INPUT

connector

when

operating

in

gated

output

(burst)

mode.

VCF

INPUT

Connector

BNC

connector

for

apply



ing

an

external

voltage

for

controlling

the

output

frequency

of

the

generator.

10

V

input

provides

a

frequency

range

of

1000:1.

OUTPUT

Connector

B

NC

connector

that

pro



vides

the

output

wave



form

selected

by

the

FUNCTION

selector.

G TE

INPUT

Connector

BNC

connector

for

applying

a

+2

V

to

+15

V

gating

signal

to

the

generator.

1431-13

Fig.

1-3.

Operating

controls

and

connectors.

REV

G,

MAR

1979

1-3

Operating

Instructions

—

FG

501

into

a

50

O

attenuator

and

a

50

Q

termination

at

the

oscillosco e

in ut.

The

attenuator

isolates

the

in ut

ca acity

of

the

device.

Distortion

can

be

caused

by

this

in ut

ca acity.

A

sim le

resistive

im edance-matching

network

that

rovides

minimum

attenuation

is

illustrated

in

Fig.

1-4.

To

match

im edance

with

the

illustrated

network,

the

follow



ing

conditions

must

exist:

(Ri

+

Z

2

)R

2

•=1

—

.

_

’

-

must

equal

Zi

Ri

+

Z

2

+

R

2

and

Ri

+

-=^~~

must

equal

Z

2

Zi

t

R

2

Therefore:

R

i

R

2

=

ZiZ

2

;

and

RiZi

=

R

2

(Z

2

Zi)

Fig.

1-4.

Impedance-matching

network

that

provides

minimum

attenuation.

A

signal

(E

2

)

a lied

from

the

higher

im edance

source

(Z

2

)

encounters

a

greater

voltage

attenuation

(A

2

)

which

is

greater

than

1

and

less

than

2

(Z

2

/Zi):

For

exam le;

to

match

a

50

Q

system

to

a

125

Q

system,

Zi

equals

50

Q

and

Z

2

equals

125

D.

Therefore:

In

the

exam le

of

matching

50

Q

to

125

Q.

When

constructing

such

a

device,

the

environment

surrounding

the

com onents

should

also

be

designed

to

rovide

a

transition

between

the

im edances.

Kee

in

mind

that

the

characteristic

im edance

of

a

coaxial

device

is

determined

by

the

ratio

between

the

outside

diameter

of

the

inner

conductor

to

the

inside

diameter

of

the

outer

conductor.

Zo

=

138/

ξ

log

10

D/d,

where

D

is

the

inside

diameter

of

the

outer

conductor,

and

d

is

the

outside

diameter

of

the

inner

conductor,

c

is

the

dielectric

cons



tant

(1

in

air).

The

illustrated

network

can

be

modified

to

rovide

different

attenuation

ratios

by

adding

another

resistor

(less

than

Ri)

between

Zi

and

the

junction

of

Ri

and

R

2

.

ttenuation

Ratios.

Though

the

network

in

Fig.

1-4

rovides

minimum

attenuation

for

a

urely

resistive

im edance-matching

device,

the

attenuation

as

seen

from

one

end

does

not

equal

that

seen

from

the

other

end.

A

signal

(Ei

)

a lied

from

the

lower

im edance

source

(Zi)

encounters

a

voltage

attenuation

(Ai)

which

is

greater

than

1

and

less

than

2,

as

follows:

Duration

of

Ramps

and

Pulses

The

duration

of

ram

and

ulse

waveforms

is

always

equal

to

the

half-cycle

time

of

the

sine,

square,

or

triangle

waveform

frequency.

For

MULTIPLIER

settings

of

1

or

greater,

the

retrace/off

time

is

such

that

the

waveform

has

a

duty

cycle

of

a roximately

80%,

i.e.

,

frequency

equals

a roximately

1.6X

FREQUENCY

Hz

dial

setting.

For

MULTIPLIER

settings

less

than

1,

the

retrace/off

time

is

from

10

ms

to

100

ms,

which

results

in

duty

cycles

a roaching

100%;

i.e.,

frequency

equals

a roximately

2X

FREQUENCY

Hz

dial

setting.

1-4

REV.

B

JUL

1978

Operating

Instructions

—

FG

501

OPER TION

Free-Running

Output

The

following

rocedure

rovides

a

free-running

waveform

out ut

with

variable

frequency

and

am litude.

1.

Set

the

AMPL

control

to

the

fully

counterclockwise

osition

and

the

OFFSET

control

to

the

0

(centered)

osition.

Check

that

the

PHASE

control

is

ushed

in

(off).

2.

Set

the

FUNCTION

selector

to

the

desired

waveform

(see

Fig.

1-5).

Fig.

1-5.

Output

waveforms

available

from

the

FG

501.

3.

Select

the

desired

frequency

with

the

MULTIPLIER

selector

and

FREQUENCY

Hz

dial.

For

exam le,

if

the

MULTIPLIER

selector

is

set

to

the

10

5

osition

and

the

FREQUENCY

Hz

dial

is

at

5,

out ut

frequency

is

500

kHz;

i.

e.,

MULTIPLIER

setting

X

FREQUENCY

Hz

setting.

The

out ut

frequency

is

calibrated

when

the

FREQUENCY

VERNIER

control

is

in

the

fully

clockwise

osition.

The

duration

of

ram

and

ulse

waveforms

is

de endent

on

the

MULTIPLIER

setting.

See

Duration

of

Ram s

and

Pulses

under

O erating

Considerations

for

further

information.

4.

Connect

the

load

to

the

OUTPUT

connector

and

adjust

the

AMPL

control

for

the

desired

out ut

am litude.

Variable

DC

Offset

Pull

outward

on

the

OFFSET

control

( ull

switch

added

at

SN

B020000)

to

osition

the

d

c

level

(baseline)

of

the

out ut

waveform.

For

exam le,

+5

V

of

offset

will

increase

the

d

c

+

eak

ac

voltage

of

a

7.5

V

-

out ut

to

+5

and

,

+12.5

V

d

c

+

eak

ac

while

-5

V

of

offset

will

reduce

the

d

c

+

dak

ac

out ut

to

+2.5

V

and

—

5

V.

Gated

(Burst)

Output

and

Variable

Phase

A

gating

signal

of

2

to

15

V

am litude

a lied

to

the

GATE

INPUT

connector

with

the

PHASE

control

ulled

out

will

rovide

a

burst

of

cycles

at

the

OUTPUT

connector.

The

duration

of

the

burst

and

number

of

cycles

in

the

burst

de end

on

the

gating

signal

duration

and

the

out ut

frequency

selected.

When

the

gating

signal

goes

to

the

zero

level,

the

generator

com letes

its

last

cycle

and

remains

quiescent

until

the

next

gating

signal.

Single

cycles

can

be

obtained

by

a lying

a

gating

signal

with

a

eriod

a roximately

equal

to

the

eriod

of

the

FG

501

out ut

waveform.

The

number

of

cycles

er

burst

can

be

a roximated

by

dividing

the

gating

signal

duration

by

the

eriod

of

the

FG

501

out ut

frequency.

Fig.

1-6.

Single

cycle

output

with

variable

phase.

REV.

C

JUL

1978

1-5