TeleVideo 950 User manual

~leVided
Operator's Manual Model 950

February, 1981
©Copyright Televideo, 1981
1981 TelVideo@ Inc.
Specifications and information subject
to change without prior notification.
TeleVideo No. B300002-001

CONTENTS
Paragraph
Page
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.3
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
GeneralInformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
FunctionalDescription. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
PerformanceVerification. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION. . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
Additional OEM Features. . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
Options ............................. 1-1
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
RELATED
DOCUMENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-2
SPECIFICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-2
LIMITED AND EXTENDED
WARRANTy ....................... 1-2
MANUFACTURER AND
AUTHORIZED DEALER
SERVICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-2
CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION
INTRODUCTION ................... 2-4
UNPACKING
AND
RECEIVING INSPECTION. . . . . . . . . .. 2-4
Shipping Damage
Inspection. . . . . . . . . .. 2-4
Model950 Unpacking
................. 2-4
Enclosed Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 2-4
InspectionProcedures
................ 2-4
Reshipping Procedures
................ 2-4
SITEPREPARATION ................ 2-4
INSTALLATION AND
SETUP PROCEDURE ............... 2-4
INSTALLATIONCHECKS . . . . . . . . . .. 2-6
CHAPTER 3 OPERATION
INTRODUCTION ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-8
REAR PANEL CONTROLS
AND CONNECTORSI
TURN-ON/TURN-OFF
PROCEDURE ....................... 3-8
Rear Panel Controls
and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-8
Turn-On Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-8
Turn-Off Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-8
DESCRIPTIONS OF
KEYBOARD MODES AND
FUNCTIONS ....................... 3-8
Paragraph
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.8.3
3.9
3.10
3.10.1
3.10.2
3.10.3
3.10.4
3.10.5
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.15.1
Alpha-Numeric Keys
................. .
Editing
and CursorControl Keys ....... .
FunctionKeys
...................... .
SET- UP INO SCROLLKey .......... .
BREAK Key
........................ .
Key Modifiers
...................... .
KEYBOARD SETUP
PROCEDURE ...................... .
USER LINE PROGRAMMING ....... .
FUNCTION KEY
PROGRAMMING .................. .
CURSORATTRIBUTES ............ .
USINGTABS ...................... .
Typewriter Tabs
..................... .
Field Tabs
.......................... .
Tab Operations
..................... .
OTHER MODE CONTROLS ......... .
TEXT/DATA
CONTROL MODES ................ .
Editing Text
........................ .
Inserting Text
....................... .
Print Control ....................... .
SendFunction ...................... .
FunctionKeys
...................... .
OPERATING IN
BLOCKMODE ..................... .
OPERATING IN
LOCALMODE ..................... .
OPERATING IN HALF
DUPLEX MODE ................... .
OPERATING IN FULL
DUPLEX MODE ................... .
PROGRAMMER'S NOTES
AND INFORMATION .............. .
Communications Mode
and
Word Structure ..................... .
3.15.2 Editing
and Cursor Control ........... .
3.15.3
Protect Mode ....................... .
3.15.4 Tab Programming
................... .
3.15.5
Print FunctionProgramming .......... .
3.15.6 Send FunctionProgramming
.......... .
3.15.7 Video Attributes
.................... .
3.15.8 Special Graphics
.................... .
3.15.9 PageControl
....................... .
3.15.10 ClearFunction
...................... .
3.15.11 MonitorMode ...................... .
3.15.12 InsertCharacter Loading
............. .
3.15.13 Main
Port Programming ............. .
3.15.14 Printer
Port Programming ............ .
3.15.15 X-ON, X-OFF, Control
.............. .
3.15.16 User
PROM ........................ .
3.15.17 Line Lock
.......................... .
3.15.18. Wraparound Feature
................ .
Page
3-9
3-11
3-11
3-12
3-12
3-12
3-12
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-14
3-14
3-14
3-14
3-14
3-14
3-14
3-14
3-15
3-15
3-15
3-15
3-15
3-15
3-16
3-16
3-16
3-16
3-17
3-17
3-19
3-19
3-21
3-21
3-22
3-22
3-22
3-22
3-22
3-22
3-24
3-24
3-24
3-24

Contents (continued)
Paragraph
Page
3.15.19 Video Display Control ................ 3-24
3.15.20 Reference Tables
..................... 3-24
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
CHAPTER 4 PERFORMANCE
VERIFICATION
INTRODUCTION ................... 4-34
SELF-TEST 1 ....................... 4-34
SELF-TEST2 ....................... 4-34
CHAPTER 5 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION ................... 5-35
TERMINALOVERVIEW ............. 5-35
DISPLAY PROCESSOR .............. 5-35
KEYBOARD AND KEYBOARD
INTERFACE CIRCUITS ............. 5-35
List of Illustrations
Figure Page
2-1 Terminal Cabinet Receiving Inspection 2-5
2-2 115/230 V Select Switch 2-6
2-3
Host Interface Connector Configuration for
Current Loop 2-6
2-4
Baud Rate, Word Length, and Stop Bit
Settings 2-7
2-5 Operating Mode Switch Settings 2-7
3-1 Model 950 Rear Panel Controls
and
Connectors 3-8
3-2
Model 950 Communications Modes 3-9
3-3 Model 950 Screen Display 3-10
3-4
Model 950 Keyboard 3-10
3-5 Model 950 Video Attributes
3-21
3-6
Model 950 Special Graphics Characters
3-21
4-1 Self Test 1 Screen Display 4-34
5-1 Model 950 Simplified Block Diagram 5-35
6-1 Keyboard Assembly Bottom 6-36
6-2
Power Supply Fuses 6-37
Paragraph
Page
5.5' MAIN INTERFACE PORT ............ 5-35
5.6 PRINTER PORT INTERFACE ........ 5-35
5.7 DISPLAY GENERATOR ............. 6-36
5.8 VIDEO MODULE
AND SCREEN ...................... 6-36
5.9 POWER SUPPLY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6-36
6.1
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.3
6.4
6.4.1
6.4.2
CHAPTER 6 OPERATOR MAINTENANCE
INTRODUCTION ................... 6-36
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE ......... 6-36
Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6-36
Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6-36
TROUBLESHOOTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6-37
REPAIR ............................ 6-37
Line Fuse ........................... 6-37
PowerSupply Fuses .................. 6-37
List of Tables
Table Page
1-1
Specifications
1-3
2-1
Host Interface Connector Configuration 2-6
2-2
Printer Connector Configuration 2-6
3-1 Monitor Mode Control Characters 3-23
3-2
USASCII Chart
3-24
3-3 Model 950 Cursor Addressing Codes 3-25
3-4
Model 950 Control and Escape Codes 3-26
3-5 Alpha-Numeric Key Hex Codes 3-30
3-6 Cursor Control and Edit Key Hex Codes 3-32
3-7 Function Key Default Hex Codes 3-32
3-8 Local Only Keys 3-33
3-9
Key Action Modifiers 3-33
6-1 Model 950 Troubleshooting Check List 6-37

Chapter 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1
INTRODUCTION
This manual is a reference guide for the TeleVideo Mod-
el 950 Video Display Terminal operator. The informa-
tion presented in this manual will enable a Model 950
user to install, operate, program,
and service the Video
Display Terminal. The manual contains the following
chapters:
Chapter
1. General Information
Chapter 2. Installation
Chapter 3. Operation
Chapter 4. Performance Verification
Chapter 5. Functional Description
Chapter 6. Maintenance
The following paragraphs describe the contents
and
scope of these chapters.
1.1.1 General Information
The General Information describes the Model 950 Video
Display Terminal, its features, and its applications.
In
addition, it provides general safety precautions, lists
documents related
to the terminal, and lists the
terminal's mechanical and electrical specifications.
1.1.2 Installation
The Installation chapter provides detailed procedures
for unpacking
and inspecting the Video Display Ter-
minal, interconnecting it to a host computer, and setting
up operating parameters. It also includes procedures for
installation checks.
1.1.3 Operation
The Operation chapter contains detailed procedures for
operating the Model 950.
It includes instructions for
turning the terminal
on and off and controlling and pro-
gramming its many special features.
1.1.4 Performance Verification
The Performance Verification chapter contains proce-
dures for checking the terminal in all its operational
modes using the self-test feature.
1.1.5 Functional Description
The Functional Description chapter describes the overall
functional operation
of the terminal based on a system
simplified block diagram.
It also describes the functional
operation
of the major circuits in the terminal, also based
upon simplified diagrams. The information contained
in this chapter provides the Model 950 user with
an
overall perspective of the terminal hardware.
1.1.6 Maintenance
The Maintenance chapter provides preventive mainte-
nance instructions and simplified procedures for troub-
leshooting terminal faults.
It also contains procedures
for repairs most terminal users can make.
1.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The TeleVideo Model 950 Video Display Terminal is a
compact state-of-the-art
"smart" terminal that provides
high level performance
at low cost. This terminal is com-
patible with most host computers and finds a wide vari-
ety
of applications in the end user environment. Stan-
dard features include editing capabilities, protected
field, addressable cursor, line and character
insert/ de-
lete, upper
and lower case characters, and tabbing. In
addition, the Model 950 provides the following standard
features:
Split screen with line lock
Etched
CRT face to reduce glare
Programmable function keys
(11 keys with 22
functions)
15 special graphics characters
On-screen status (25th line)
Buffered auxiliary
port
14 x 10 character resolution
Attractive cabinet styling
Detached keyboard
Light weight for portability
Typewriter-styled keyboard
Dedicated editing keys
Maximum serviceability
Self test
1.2.1 Additional OEM Features
The Model 950 provides the original equipment manu-
facturer with several customizing features that include
Easy keyboard reconfiguration
Easy character reconfiguration
Reconfigurable firmware for Escape sequence
changes
Readily adaptable to packaging changes
Easily repainted keyboard
and CRT bezels, and
cabinet
Easily replaced
CRT's with differing phosphors
Accepts a variety
of CRT color filters
Maximum serviceability
1.2.2 Options
The Model 950 may be ordered with several options that
enhance its already comprehensive list
of features. These
options, available
at additional cost, include
48 line memory that can be organized by the user in
either one 48-line page
or two 24-line pages
96 line memory that can be organized by the user in
one 96-line page, two 48-line pages,
or four 24-line
pages
Integral
modem/ dialer
1.3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
As with any electronic equipment, precautions con-
sistent with all standard safety practices must be taken
while servicing the Model 950 Video Display Terminal.
Any servicing
that requires opening the cabinet must be
performed by qualified service personnel. Prior to in-
spection or service, power must be disconnected.
Notices are included throughout this manual to alert the
reader
to problem areas or situations that could cause
personnel injury, loss
of data, or hardware damage.
A WARNING statement precedes the text
of a procedure
1-1

that, if not strictly observed, could result in injury or
death.
A CAUTION statement precedes the text
of a procedure
that,
if not strictly followed could result in the loss of
data or damage to or destruction of equipment hardware
or software.
A NOTE statement highlights essential operating
or
maintenance procedures, conditions, or clarifying facts.
NOTEs also provide information that helps the user un-
derstand a concept
or the completion of a procedure.
The following are general safety precautions that are
not
related to any specific procedure and, therefore, do not
appear elsewhere in this manual. Personnal must heed
these warnings during installation and maintenance.
WARNING
Keep Away
From Live Circuits
Always observe safety precautions. Ob-
serve all the CAUTIONs andWARNINGs
in this manual when working inside the
terminal cabinet. Under certain condi-
tions, dangerous potentials may exist
when the power
is off because of charges
retained by the cathode ray tube (CRT)
and capacitors. To avoid injury, always re-
move power and discharge them to ground
before touching them.
Do Not Service
Or Adjust Alone
Never reach into the terminal enclosure
unless someone capable
of giving aid is
present.
The following WARNING applies to any service inside
the terminal cabinet.
It appears elsewhere in the text of
this manual and is introduced here for emphasis:
WARNING
Hazardous voltages are exposed in the
cabinet. Use extreme caution when servic-
ing either the power supply, the cathode
ray tube,
or any area where power ter-
minals are exposed.
1.4 RELATED DOCUMENTATION
This manual provides only that information necessary
for terminal installation, operation,
-and user mainte-
nance. Other documents that may be helpful to the
Model 950 user include:
Operators Reference Handbook for Models
-912B,
912C, -920B, and -920C, TeleVideo No.
B300001-001
Model 950 Video Display Terminal Service Manual,
TeleVideo No. B300002-002
Models 912B, 912C, 920B, and 920C Maintenance
Manual, TeleVideo No. B300001-002
TeleVideo Commercial Price List
Model 950 Customizing Instructions
Televideo Spares Price List
TeleVideo Model 950 data sheets
These documents may be obtained from Televideo Inc.,
1170 Morse Avenue, Sunnyvale, California 94086.
1-2
1.5 SPECIFICATIONS
The mechanical, electrical, and environmental charac-
teristics
of the Model 950 are listed in Table 1-1.
1.6 LIMITED AND EXTENDED WARRANTY
TeleVideo warrants that its products will be free from
defects in material and workmanship for a period
of 6
months from the date
of shipment from the factory. If a
terminal
is recei~ed that has been damaged in shipment,
contact the carner and process a claim (Refer to para-
graph 2.2).
TeleVideo offers,
at additional cost, an Extended War-
ranty Contract that warrants the Model 950 against de-
fects in material and workmanship for up to 1 year be-
yond the standard 6 month warranty. To be effective
this Extended Warranty must be purchased prior to
th~
expiration date of the standard warranty. The Extended
Warranty may be renewed for
an additional year at the
current purchase price.
For current Extended Warranty
Contract prices, contact your authorized TeleVideo
dealer or write to TeleVideo, Inc., at
1170 Morse
Avenue, Sunnyvale, California, 94086, attention Mana-
ger Customer Service.
1.7 MANUFACTURER AND AUTHORIZED
DEALER SERVICES
TeleVideo offers service to the end users of its products
that include:
1. Authorized Dealer Repair
2. Factory Repair
3. User Replaceable Spare Parts
4. Service Documentation
If you experience technical problems with a Model 950
call your TeleVideo Authorized Dealer.
If the terminal should fail during the standard warranty
period, contact your local Authorized Dealer for assist-
ance.
If your dealer finds that the repairs require re-
turning the terminal to the factory, a Return Material
Authorization number will be issued. Use this numberto
identify the terminal in all correspondence regarding the
repairs.
The terminal will be shipped to TeleVideo
at the owner's
expense. Once the terminal
is repaired, TeleVideo will
return
it to its owner at no charge via UPS surface. Any
other shipping arrangements, such as air express, will be
at the owner's expense. Normal repairs require two days
plus transit time.
For out-of-warranty repairs, the same procedure must
be followed. The terminal owner
is responsible for all
shipping charges and must issue a purchase order or
other written authorization for repair charges.
NOTE
Include a detailed description of the symp-
toms
of the terminal malfunction when re-
turning it for repairs. Also include the
name and' telephone number
of a responsi-
ble technical person that Tele
Video may
call in the event
of any questions.
If for any reason you are dissatisfied with either the
product or the service, please call the Manager
of
Customer Service, TeleVideo, Inc.

Display format
Character format
Character set
Cursor control
Communications interface
Communication modes
Baud rates
Parity
Word structure
Screen attributes
Cursor attributes
Editing
Auxiliary port
Communication protocol
Primary power
Cabinet dimensions
Keyboard dimensions
Cabinet weight
Keyboard weight
Ambient operating temperature
Relative humidity (operating)
Storage temperature
Relative humidity (non-operating)
Table
1-1 Specifications
24 lines x 80 characters 25th status line
14 x 10 dot resolution with lower case descenders
128 character ASCII (96 alphanumeric + 32 control)
15 special graphics
Dedicated keys for left, right, up, down, home,
carriage return, line feed, tab, back
tab
RS-232C, 20mA current loop and optional
originatejauto-dial modem
Half duplex
or full duplex (keyboard selectable),
10- or 11- bit word
Switch selectable: 50, 75, 110,
135, 150, 300, 600
1200,
1800,2400,3600,4800,7200,9600, and 19,200
Odd, even, no parity, mark,
and space (switch
and keyboard selectable)
7
or 8 data bits, I or2 stop bits
Dual intensity with protected fields, reverse video,
underline, blink
and blank plus combinations
Programmable for reverse block, blinking reverse
block,
or not displayed, underline, or blinking
underline
Line insertionjdelete; Line
or page edit; character
insertionjdelete line lock; Line scrolling,
smooth
scrolling, or no scroll, or insert mode
Printer RS-232C, bi-directional, page print, buffered
transparent, buffered with screen copy (Transparent
requires 48
or 96 line memory)
XON, XOFF, DTR
115 Vac, 60 Hzj230 Vac, 50 Hz; 6 5W
16.50" (41.9 cm) x 14.00" (35.6 cm) x 14.25" (36.2 cm)
16.50" (41.9 cm) x 7.50" (19.0 cm) x 3.00" (7.6 cm)
30 lbs. (13.6 kg)
4.5 lbs. (2.3 kg)
32°F (O°C) to 122°F (50°C)
10% -95% non-condensing
No restrictions
1-3

Chapter 2
INSTALLATION
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains procedures for installing the
Model 950 Video Display Terminal.
It includes instruc-
tions for unpacking
and inspecting, and procedures for
setup
and for interconnecting the terminal to a hostcom-
puter.
2.2 UNPACKING AND RECEIVING INSPECTION
When a Model 950 Video Display Terminal is delivered
bya transfer company, it must be carefully inspected (in-
side the shipping container, as well as out) for damage
before taking it to the installation site.
If the terminal is
to be reshipped, itmustbe repacked in a manner that will
prevent any damage
whHe in transit.
2.2.1 Shipping Damage Inspection
Prior to accepting delivery of the Model 950 Video Dis-
play Terminal from the carrier, carefully inspect the
shipping container for obvious damage.
If damage is
found, note it on the waybill and require the delivery
agent to sign the waybill. Notify the transfer company
immediately and submit a damage report to the carrier,
your dealer,
and to TeleVideo, Inc. If no exterior dam-
age exists, unpack the terminal and inspect for hidden
damage.
2.2.2 Model 950 Unpacking
The Model 9$0
is shipped with the cabinet, keyboard,
and Operator's Instruction Manual in the same shipping
container. The container
and packing consists of a stur-
dy cardboard box and preformed styrofoam inserts.
Unpack the terminal from the shipping container with
care; avoid using sharp instruments to open the con-
tainer. TeleVideo recommends saving all packing mate-
rials for possible use in reshipping the terminal.
If hidden damage is found, immediately notifythe trans-
fer company
of the damage. Save all packing materials
for the transfer company's inspection, file a damage re-
port with the carrier, and notify your dealer and
TeleVideo, Inc.
of the damage. Since Model950 terms of
sale are F.O.B. TeleVideo Inc., Sunnyvale, California,
TeleVideo
is not responsible for any damage incurred
during shipment,
nor will TeleVideo repair this damage
under warranty. All repairs for shipping damage will be
billed.
Prompt notification of damage will ensure claim
validity and will help·expedite payment for necessary
repairs by the transfer company or its insurance agent.
2.2.3 Enclosed Documents
A Model 950 Operator's Instruction Manual
is shipped
with the Model 950 to provide operating and applica-
tions information, installation instructions, and service
information to the end user.
2.2.4 Inspection Procedures
After unpacking the Model 950, inspect it thoroughly
for damage hidden by the packaging and for loose com-
ponents or fittings, as follows:
2-4
WARNING
The coating
on the inside of cathod ray
tubes
is poisonous. Wear heavy rubber
gloves or use tongs (or a similar tool) to
pick up broken CRT fragments.
1. Remove the keyboard and video dis-
play covers (see Figure 2-1).
2. Inspect the keyboard and the display
cabinet interior for shipping damage.
3. Examine cable harnesses for stress,
loose or broken wires,
or broken cable
ties.
4. Examine internally mounted compo-
nents for loose
or missing hardware.
5. Tighten all loose hardware.
6. Clean the cabinet interior by removing
loose debris.
7. Replace the keyboard and video dis-
play covers.
2.2.5 Reshipping Procedures:
Should the Model 950 be reshipped to a distant location,
whether for reinstallation
at a new site or for return to .
the factory for repair, proceed as follows:
1. Remove the keyboard and video display cabinet
covers.
2. Check the integrity
of the cabling and the secur-
ity
of internal mounting hardware.
3. Repack the terminal in the original TeleVideo
shipping container
or other suitable materials.
2.3 SITE PREPARATION
The Model 950 requires
115 Vac 60 Hz or 230 Vac 50 Hz
and 65 watts of power. A flat, level, mounting area is re-
quired. The installation site should have this power in
the immediate vicinity (in the U.S., a NEMA standard
5-15R, 3-prong receptacle). The cabinet requires
an area
17.25" (43.8cm) high x 20.13" (51.1cm) wide x 24.06"
(61.1cm) deep. These dimensions allow 4inches (1O.2cm)
for ventilation clearance.
2.4 INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURE
Installation and setup of the terminal consists of config-
uring for
115 Vac of 230 Vac operation, configuring and
installing the host
and printer connectors, and setting up
the various operating paramenter switches. These proce-
dures should be performed only by technically qualified
personnel. To connect and set up the terminal for opera-
tion, proceed as follows:
1. As required for international applications, cut
off the US-style plug on the power cord and install a
connector that will mate to local power receptacles.
The power cord wires are color-coded as follows:
Green = earth ground
Black = primary power (hot)
White = primary power return (neutral)
2. Set the power select switch to
115V or 230V (re-
move and reinstall the switch blocking strip as
necessary. (see Figure 2-2).
3. Configure the main interface connector accord-
ing to Table 2-1.

Terminal cover removed for inspection.
Keyboard cover removed for inspection.
Figure 2-1 Terminal Cabinet Receiving Inspection
2-5

4. Configure the host interface connector with ac-
tive/passive current loop connectors as required for
the loop option (see Figure 2-3).
5.
As required, configure the printer interface con-
nector according
to Table 2-2.
6. Set the desired
baud rate, word length, and stop
bits on SI (see Figure 2-4).
7. Set the desired operating modes and parity on S2
(see Figure 2-5).
8.
Connect the host cable to the RS-232C connector
on the cabinet rear panel.
9. As required, connect the printer cable to the
PRINTER connector on the cabinet rear panel.
10. Connect the terminal to primary power.
2.5 INSTALLATION
CHECKS
Before turning the terminal on for normal operation for
the first time after installation, check each of the follow-
ing:
1. Correct power plug installed for wall outlet?
2.
Power selector switch set for local power? (see
Figure 2-2)
3. Main interface cable to host computer properly
wired
and plugged in? (see Table 2-1)
4.
Current loop jumpers installed, if needed? (see
Table 2-3)
5.
Printer interface connector plugged in, if needed?
(see Table 2-2)
6. Baud rate set? Stop bits? Word Length? Printer
baud rate? (see Figure 2-4)
7. Desired operating modes set: key click,
50/60 Hz,
duplex/block/local, black-on-white/white-on-
black, parity, cursor display, local or duplex edit? (see
Figure 2-5)
8. Terminal plugged in to primary power?
Table
2-1 Host Interface Connector Configuration
PIN No.
SIGNAL NAME
1
Frame Ground
2
Transmit Data Output
3 Receive
Data Input
4 Request
To Send Output
5 Clear
To Send Input
6
Data Set Ready Input (opt.)
7 Signal
Ground
8 Carrier Detect Input
20
Data Terminal Ready Output
9
20 rnA source (+ 12V, no load)
14
20 rnA source (+ 12V, no load)
10
Detected current loop data
25
Current Loop +, Transmit*
13
Current Loop -, Transmit*
12
Current Loop +, Receive*
24
Current Loop -, Receive*
*Refer to Figure 2-3 for connector configuration.
2-6
Table 2-2
Printer Connector Configuration.
PIN No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
20
115/230V
SELECT SWITCH
SIGNAL NAME
Protect Ground
Transmit Data
Receive Data
Request To Send
Clear To Send
Data Set Ready
Signal Ground
Data Carrier Detect
Data Terminal Ready
STRIP BLOCKING
SWITCH
Figure 2-2 115/230V Select Switch
FDX ACTIVE PASSIVE
==fl
B
+ 25
-:
~
A
9 20 mo SOURCE
25 + TRANSMIT CURRENT
+ 13 • TRANSMIT CURRENT
- 7 GROUND
TRANSMIT lOOP
RECEIVE lOOP
c
14 20 m. SOURCE
/'
12 + RECEIVE CURRENT
+-
24 • RECEIVE CURRENT
7 GROUND
10 DETECTED CURRENT lOOP DATA
3 RCV DATA IN
CONNECTIONS IN ANY COMBINATION:
A+C B+O
A+OorB+C
14
12
24
10
HDX
ACTIVE PASSIVE
25
13
14
12
10
Figure 2-3 Host Interface Connector
Configuration for Current
Loop
25
13
14
12
24
10
o

!
---- OPEN ----
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
UP
DOWN
~I I' f 'PRINT BAUD R~TE _
STOP BIT (UP - 2, DOWN -1) , .. ," _____ ,_
"-------- WORD STRENGTH (UP = 7;6~WN = 8~
"----------- TERMINAL BAUD RATE
l
SWITCHES
BAUD RATE
I
7 8 9 10
PRINTER
1 234
TERMINAL
000 0 9600
1 000
50
o 1 0 0 75
1 1 0 0 110
001 0 135
101 0 150
o 1 1 0 300
1 1 1 0 600
000 1 1200
1 0 0 1 1800
o 1 0 1 2400
1 1 0 1 3600
o 0 1 1 4800
1 0 1 1 7200
o 1 1 1 9600
1 1 1 1 19200
0= DOWN
1 = UP
Figure 2-4 Baud Rate, Word Length, and Stop Bit Settings
---- OPEN ----
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
UP
DOWN
~II LKEY CLICK (UP = OFF, DOWN = ON)
50/60Hz (UP = 60Hz, DOWN = 50Hz)
MODE
"------- REVERSE VIDEO (UP = WHITE ON BLACK
SWITCH
345
- - 0
001
o 1 1
1 0 1 '
1 1 1
'---------PARITY DOWN = BLACK onWHITE)
"-----------CURSOR DISPLAY (UP =BLINK, DOWN = STEADY)
"------------- EDIT (UP = DUPLEX, DOWN = LOCAL)
PARITY
NO
ODD
(RECV and XMIT)
EVEN (RECV and XMIT)
MARK (Xmit parity disabled)
SPACE (Xmit parity disabled)
SWITCH
MODE
7 8
o0 HALF DUPLEX
o1 FULL DUPLEX
1 0
BLOCK
1 1
LOCAL
NOTE: Set 50/60Hz the same as the power line
frequency to avoid display flicker
Figure 2-5 Operating Mode Switch Settings
2-7

Chapter 3
OPERATION
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the Model 950 keyboard. It also
provides power-on procedures and instructions for nor-
mal operation. For the programmer, this chapter in-
cludes complete information on Escape and Control
Code sequences, graphics character generation,
and
special feature control. As a reference aid to experienced
programmers, all tables pertinent to operation are
at the
end
of this chapter:
NOTE
All Escape and Control Code sequences
are shown with a space between each char-
acter. These spaces are notpart oj the code
sequence. Thespaces are included for clar-
ityonly.
3.2 REAR PANEL CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS
I TURN-ONI TURN-OFF PROCEDURE.
The following paragraphs describe the location and
function
of the controls and connectors on the Model
950 rear panel, and provide procedures for turning the
terminal
on and off.
3.2.1 Rear Panel Controls and Connectors.
The controls on the Model 950 rear panel(see Figure 3-1)
I , , , , I I , • • • • •
are the PO WER switch, the CONTRAST control, and
the
BAUD RATE and FUNCTION setup switches. The
rearpanelconnectorsare the main interface
port (P3 RS-
232C) and theprinter port (P4 PRINTER) and keyboard
connector
PI. TheFUSEholder contains a fuse thatpro-
tects the internal circuitry against shorts.
3.2.2
Turn On Procedure.
To
turn on the Model 950, proceed as follows:
1. Push the end of the rocker power switch marked
with a white dot. The terminal bell will beep within 1
second indicating that power
is on.
2. After
10 to 15 seconds, the cursorwill appearinthe
upper left corner
of the screen, and thestatus line will
appear across the bottom
of the screen on line 25.
3. Adjust the
CONTRAST control for the desired
screen intensity.
4. Follow the sign-on protocol required by your
system.
3.2.3
Turn Off Procedure.
To
turn off the terminal, proceed as follows:
1. Follow the sign-off (or equivalent) protocol re-
quired by your system.
2. Push the unmarked end
of the rocker power
switch.
3.3 DESCRIPTIONS OF KEYBOARD MODES
AND FUNCTIONS.
The Model 950 Video Display Terminal consists of a
video display processor that receives input from a host
........., , , ,
III1IIIIII1I1 III1IIII1III1
Figure 3-1 Model 950 Rear Panel Controls and Connectors
3-8

computer and a keyboard for presentation on a CRT
screen. Data is input to the processor in serial through
RS-232C standard ports. The keyboard although laid
out like a standard typewriter, contains additional keys
for communicating with a computer. Unlike a typewriter
(where pressing a key results directly in a typed
character), the Model 950 keyboard transmits a code
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
ASCII) to the display processor for action. Depending
on the terminal's communication mode, the processor
either sends the typed character directly to the screen
or
transmits it to the host for action.
NOTE
What the hostcomputersends back to the
Model 950
(if anything) depends entirely
on the application program in use. Refer
to your application program user docu-
mentation for complete information.
The Model 950 may be set
to one of four transmission
modes. In the Local mode (see Figure 3-2), the display
processor sends keyboard entries directly to the screen
for presentation (characters)
or for control. The Block
mode sends keyboard entries to the screen,
and when the
operatorchooses, it sends the entries as a block
of text to
the host computer. The Half Duplex mode sends key-
board entries
to the screen and to the host at the same
time. The Full Duplex mode sends keyboard entries
to
the host only; if the host is programmed to act upon a
code received from a keyboard entry, it may send the
result back
to the terminal. For example if the A is
pressed on the keyboard, the host will probably send the
character A back to the terminal's display processor for
writing
on the screen.
The Model 950 displays data entered from the keyboard
or from a host computer into the terminal
on an 80 col-
umn by
24 line screen (see Figure 3-3). A 25th line at the
bottom
of the display presents terminal status and user
messages.
Data entered into the terminal is organized in
pages
of 24 lines (or optional 48-line or 96-line pages).
These pages may be flipped through with the linefeed
function (using
Auto Page) or a page selection control
sequence.
A printer with
an RS-232C serial data port may be con-
nected to the Model 950 to print page data stored in
memory
or to print data sent from the host.
The controls
of the Model 950 consist of the keyboard
for normal operation (see Figure 3-4) and setup switches
at the rear panel for configuration (see Figure 2-5). The
keyboard consists
of six functional areas: the alpha-nu-.
meric keys, the editing and cursor control keys (local
or
duplex operation), the function keys (local or duplex
operation), the SET-
UP/NO SCROLL key (a unique
function
-local operation only), Local Escape and shift
Break (local operatiop only), the
BREAK key (Full
Duplex only), and the key modifiers.
3.3.1 Alpha-Numeric Keys.
The alpha-numeric key group (see Figure 3-4) contains
all the "typewriter" letter, number, and symbol keys
on
the keyboard. This group also contains the carriage
RETURN, LINEFEED, ENTER, LOC ESC/ESC, and
DEL keys. All alpha-numeric keys repeat when pressed
for more
than Yz second.
TheRETURN
and ENTER keys performthesame func-
tion
.. They send the ASCII code for a carriage return
(CR)
to the display processor. Depending on the termin-
al's communication mode, the code causes the processor
to transmit a CR to the host and the cursor to be moved
to column 1 of the current line.
NOTE
The Model 950 features a wraparound
function, which eliminates the need
to
manually enter a carriage return and a
line-feed
at the end of each SO-character
line.
The
LINEFEED key sends an ASCII code for a linefeed
(LF)
to the display processor. Depending on the termin-
al's communication mode, the code causes the processor
to transmit
an LF code to the host and/or the cursor to
be moved down one line on the screen.
The
ESC key sends an ASCII code for Escape to the dis-
play processor. The key
is generally used to momentarily
leave (escape)
an application program in order to use a
special feature
or function.
Whenpressed,
ESC causes the next controlcharacteren-
tered to be displayed
on the screen. For example, press-
ing
ESC CTRL A causes SH to be displayed.
Whenpressed incombinationwithSHIFT, thekey oper-
ates only locally to invoke the terminal's functions
and
special features. It causes the next character entered to
be interpreted as a command. For example, pressing
SHIFT LOC ESC < turns keyclick off and pressing
SHIFT LOCK ESC> turns keyclick on.
The
DEL key sends an ASCII DEL character to the dis-
playprocessor, and depending
on the terminal's commu-
nication mode, the processor retransmits an
ASCII DEL
code to the host.
~
--- FROM KEYBOARD
~ - - - - TOfFROM HOST
r-::l
D
I L-----
1
------8
DISPLAY PROCESSOR
3-9

Figure 3-3 Model 950 Screen Display
Figure 3-4 Model 950 Keyboard
3-10
LINE 25
STATUS LINE
TERMINAL
BAUD RATE

3.3.2 Editing and Corsor Control K.eys
The cursor control keys (t, 1, -, -, BACKSPACE, and
HOME) normally control cursor movement on the
screen. The editing keys (see Figure 3-3) control insert
and delete characters
and lines and clear functions. The
PRINT and SEND keys control data transmission from
the screen
to the printer or host computer.
When set
to the Local Edit mode (paragraph 3.10.1), the
keys affect only the current page. They are
not trans-
mitted to the host. When set
to the Duplex Edit mode,
the keys operate in the same mode as the alpha-numeric
keys by transmitting their associated control code
or es-
cape sequence
and/ or perform their action locally. The
editing
and cursor control keys are:
1. TAB and BACK TAB
2. CHAR INSERT and CHAR DELETE
3. LINE INSERT and LINE DELETE
4. LINE ERASE and PAGE ERASE
5. BACKSPACE, HOME, t, 1, -, and-.
6. CLEAR SPACE.
7. SEND and PRINT.
All keys except
LINE ERASE, PAGE ERASE, CLEAR
SPACE, HOME, SEND, and PRINT repeat when
pressed for more
than Yi second.
a. Tab Control Keys.
TAB (ESC i) and BACK TAB
(ESC I) move the cursor forward or backward to type-
writer tabs (Protect mode off)
or to the next start or
previous start of an unprotected field (Protectmode on).
b. Character Insert Keys.
CHAR INSERT (ESC Q) en-
ters the insert character (refer to paragraph 3.15.13)
at
the cursor position, causing all succeeding characters to
shift one position to the right.
If the terminal is set to the
EditLine mode (EDTL-wraparoundturnedoff), char-
acters shifted
off screen to the right are lost. If the ter-
minal
is set to the EditPage mode (EDTP-wraparound
turned
on-refer to paragraph 3.10.1), characters shift-
ed beyond column
SO are moved to the first column of
the next line. When CHAR INSERT is pressed at the
same time as SHIFT, the Insert mode (ESC q)
is turned
on (INSL or INSP on the status line).
c. Character Delete Key. CHAR DELETE (ESC W) de-
letes the character
at the cursor position and causes all
succeeding characters to shift one position
to the left. If
the terminal is set to the Edit Line mode (EDTL-wrap-
around turned off), the character position at the end of
the line is replaced with the insert character. If the ter-
minal
is set to theEdit Page mode (EDTP-wraparound
turned on), characters from the first column
of the next
line are shifted into the last positions
on the current line.
When
CHAR DELETE is pressed at the same time as
SHIFT, the Insert mode (ESC r) is turned off (EDTL or
EDTP on the status line).
d. Line Insert
and Delete Keys. The LINE INSERT
(ESC E) key creates an entire line of insert characters on
the cursor line. The data on the cursor line and all fol-
lowing lines shift down one line (the last line
of the page
is lost). LINE DELETE (ESC R) causes the entire line at
the cursor position to be deleted. All the following lines
shift up one line.
When
LINE INSERT or DEL is pressed at the sametime
as SHIFT, Edit page (refer
to paragraph 3.10) is turned
on (ESC N) or off (ESC 0), respectively.
e. Line Erase
and PageErase Keys. LINE ERASE (ESC
T) and PAGE ERASE (ESC Y) replace the unprotected
data(from the cursorthe end
of theline or page) with the
insert character
of the proper intensity.
When the keys are pressed
at the same time as SHIFT,
they cause a line erase to nulls (ESC t) or a page erase to
nulls (ESC y).
f. Cursor Control Keys. When set to the Local mode,
theBACKSPACE,
t, 1, -, and -keys move the cursor in
the directions indicated
on the key cap. HOME moves
the cursor tothe first unprotected position
on thecurrent
page.
g. Clear Space
Key. CLEAR SPACE (CTRL Z) replaces
all unprotected characters
on a page with insert charac-
ters. When pressed
at the same time as SHIFT (ESC *), it
clears the entire page to nulls and turns
off the Protect
and
Half Intensity modes.
h.
Print Key. PRINT causes all data on apage from the
home position to the cursor position(notjustthe screen)
to be output through the terminal printer port. The data
is output with a CR, LF, and null automatically inserted
at the end of each SO-column line (PRT 0) or, when
PRINT is pressed at thesame time as SHIFT, withoutthe
CR, LF,
or null (PRT 1). PRINT operates either as a
local function
or as a duplex function (like theedit keys).
When the terminal
is outputtingdatathrough the printer
port,
PRT 0, PRT 1, PRT 2, PRT 3, or BDIR (bidi-
rectional) appears
on the Status Line. PRT 2 indicates
the Transparent
Print mode, in which data output from
the host
is sent to the printer portand to thescreen. PRT
3 indicates that data output from the host is sent directly
to the printer, bypassing the screen.
BDIR turns on two-
way communication through the printer port to allow
conversation between a printer with a keyboard (a KSR
device) and the host. PRT 2, PRT 3, and BDIR are print
modes generally turned
on by the host (through prepro-
gramming), although they may be turned
on at the key-
board.
CAUTION
If the terminal is set to PRT 2 by the host,
pressing
PRINT or SHIFT PRINT cancels
PRT 2 (PRT 3 is not affected). This could
interrupt the host output to the printer
at
the wrong moment, resulting in a loss of
data.
L Send Key. Data may be sent to a host from the Model
950 by several methods in order toconformtothe editing
mode
of the terminal. These methods are single charac-
ter, line, and page. Inaddition, eitherall data
or only un-
protected data can be selected for transmission. The
method used depends
on the terminal's setup for the
system it
is in (refer to paragraph 3.15.6b for program-
ming information).
3.3.3 Function Keys
The function keys (see Figure 3-4),
Fl throughFll (refer
3-11

to Figure 3-1), are user defined. When pressed, the keys
cause the processor
to send a user-defined code to the
screen,
to the host, or to both, depending on whether the
key was set
up for Local or Duplex mode. For example,
the user-defined code may consist
of a frequently used
Escape
or Control code sequence in a text editing ap-
plication.
Up to 22 codes may be defined-two per key.
Pressing
SHIFT at the same timeas a function key trans-
mits the second code
on the key.
The FUNCT key transmits a user-selected character
bracketed
by Control A (SOH) and a Carriage Return
(CR).
For example, if a Control A C CR sequence is re-
quired
for a special operation in a text editing program,
pressing
FUNCT and C at thesametime transmits CON-
TROL A C CR to the host automatically.
3.3.4 SET-UP/NO SCROLL Key
The SET-UP/NO SCROLL key (see Figure 3-4) pro-
vides control
of two independent functions of the Model
950: stopping screen updating during normal operation
and manually setting the operating characteristics of the
terminal.
a. No Scroll Function. During normal operation, the
No-Scroll function
of the SET-UP/NO SCROLL key is
active. When pressed, the terminal stops updating the
screen. When pressed again, the terminal starts updating
the screen.
If the receive buffer fills up while update is
disabled, X-OFF will be sent
to the host computer, caus-
ing it
to stop sending data. When update is re-enabled,
the buffer will empty, causing X-ON
to be sent and data
to be transmitted by the host.
b. Setup Function. The
SET-UP/NO SCROLL key is
used to manually set the terminal's operating charac-
teristics. The setup function is enabled by pressing
SHIFT and SET-UP/NO SCROLL at the same time.
The characteristics are as follows:
1. Edit mode-Provides for text to be changed on a
line (EDTL)
or page (EDTP) basis.
2. Insert
mode-Provides for text to beinserted on a
line (lNSL)
or page (lNSP) basis.
3. Keyboard lock (KLOK)-When on, deactivates
the keyboard (except for the SET-Up,
LOCK ESC,
BREAK, and function keys).
4. Protect mode (PROT)-Causes all half-intensity
characters
to be protected from change.
5.
Half Intensity (H.I.) mode-Causes all subse-
quently entered characters
to be displayed at half in-
tensity.
6. Transmission
mode-Local (LOC), Block (BLK),
Half-Duplex (HDX), and Full-Duplex (FDX). Refer
to paragraph 3.3.
7. Terminal operating baud rate (same selections as
in Table 1-1).
The status
of these characteristics is displayed on the
Status Line (line 25).
3.3.S
BREAK Key
The BREAK key (see Figure3-4) causes the Model 950 to
transmit a 250-ms break pulse to the host. The effect of
this signal depends on the operating program.
3-12
When pressed
at the same time as SHIFT, BREAK per-
forms a limited terminal reset byclearing the function
in
progress. It turns off the Print mode if on, turns off Half
Intensity and Protect modes~ and sounds thebell tone to
indicate the reset.
3.3.6
Key Action Modifiers
The control keys
of the Model 950 (see Figure 3-4) are
conventional
and include control (CTRL), SHIFT, and
ALPHA LOCK. These keys by themselves have no ef-
fect
on theterminal or host; however, whentheyareused
in combinationwith other keys, they change (or modify)
thecodesent
to theterminalprocessorfor the key pressed.
a. Control
Key. The CTRL key modifies the code sent
by another key. When pressed at the same time as an-
otherkey, thekeyboardsends a uniquecode.
The control
key combinations are used for special functions
of the
Model 950
and/or of the application program of the
host.
For example, a CTRL G key combination sounds
the Model 950 bell. The Model 950 control codes either
duplicate existing dedicated keys
on the keyboard or
control functions normally controlled by the host, such
as turning
on the bidirectional printer port (refer to
paragraph 3.15.5) or sounding the bell.
b.
SHIFT Key. The SHIFT key functions similar to the
CTRL key by modifying the code sent by another key
pressed
at the same time. The most familiar use of this
key is
to produce upper case characters on the screen.
However, it is also used in combination with the dedi-
cated keys
of theterminal for special functins. For exam-
ple, pressing
SHIFT and SET-UP together enables or
disables the setup mode of the terminal (refer to para-
graph 3.4).
c. ALPHA LOCK Key. The ALPHA LOCK key locks
the
SHIFT keys so that all alpha keys transmit codes for
upper-case characters. The key is pressed
to lock and
pressed again to release.
3.4 KEYBOARD
SETUP PROCEDURE
When the Model 950
is first turned on, it reads setup
default values (from rear panel switches S1
and
S2-refer to paragraph 2-4) and displays some of them
on the Status Line (see Figure 3-3). In some cases, the
operator may reset these values locally (the values may
be set by the host
computer-refer to paragraph3.15.13
and 3.15.14). To set these values, proceed as follows:
1. Push SHIFT and SET-UP at the same time. The
cursor will immediately appear in the eight block
(EDTL)
on the Status Line.
2. Press T
to toggle through the editing controls
(EDTL, EDTp, INSP, and INSL) to the desired selec-
tion.
3. Press to move the cursor
to the next Status Line
block.
4. Press T
to lock the keyboard (KLOK). The key-
board should be locked when the terminal is
to beleft
on and unattended for short periods of time.)
5. Move the cursor
to the next Status Line block and
press T for the Protect mode.
6. Move the cursor
to the next Status Line block and
press T for the Half Intensity (H.I.) mode.

7. Move the cursor to the next block and toggle
through the operating mode controls (LOC, BLOCK,
HDX, and FDX) to the desired selection.
8.
If the terminal is to operate temporarily at a baud
rate different from the default value set
on the setup
switches (refer to paragraph 2.4), move the cursor
to
the next setup block and press T to toggle through the
baud rates to the desired value.
9. Press
SHIFT and SET-UP at the same time to
leave the Setup Mode and return tonormaloperation.
3.5 USER LINE PROGRAMMING.
The Model 950 provides a line
that may be programmed
with user data. When displayed, it replaces the Status
Line
on line 25 (see Figure 3-4). The line may be loaded
with up to
80 characters. Both the Status and User Lines
may be transmitted to the host.
To load the User Line
and send the Status Line or the
User Line to the host, proceed as follows:
1. Press ESC, then press g to display the User Line.
2. Press ESC, then
pressf.
3. Enter up to 80 characters of text. The message will
appear
on the User Line as it is entered.
4. Press
RETURN to terminate the user message.
5. To send the User Line message to the host, press
ESC, then press Z and 0 in sequence.
6. To redisplay the Status Line
on line 25, press ESC,
then h.
7. To send the Status Line to the host, press ESC,
then press Z and I sequentially.
3.6 FUNCTION KEY PROGRAMMING
The memory assigned tothe function keys canhold up to
256 bytes (or characters) total. For each message en-
tered, an extra character byte is added by the Model 950
processor for control purposes. The number of charac-
ters that may be entered per key equals 256 bytes minus
the number
of keys programmed minus the total bytes
for all keys already programmed. For example,
if three
keys have already been programmed with four charac-
ters each, then the next key may be programmed with up
to 240 characters; that
is
256 bytes
- 3 bytes (extra characters) for keys already
programmed
- 1 bytes (extra character) new key
-
12 bytes total already programmed
= 240 bytes left that may be programmed.
When the terminal
is first turned on, the function keys
are programmed with default messages set to Full Du-
plex mode. These default message codes are as follows:
KEY CODE SHIFTED CODE
Fl CTRLA @ CR CTRL A" CR
F2 CTRL A A CR CTRL A a CR
F3 CTRL A B CR CTRL A b CR
F4 CTRL A C CR CTRL A c CR
F5 CTRL A D CR CTRL A d CR
F6 CTRL A E CR CTRL A e CR
F7 CTRL A F CR CTRL A f CR
F8 CTRL A G CR CTRL A g CR
F9 'CTRL A H CR CTRL A h CR
FlO "CTRb A I CR CTRL A i CR
Fl1 CTRL A J CR CTRL A j CR
To program the function keys, use the following dia-
logue:
ESC: PI P2 message CTRL Y
where PI is the number of the function key. Thevalues of
PI are as follows:
KEY
Fl
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
FlO
Fll
NORMAL
1 SHIFTED
<
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
=
>
?
@
A
B
C
D
E
F
and where
P2 is a 1 (send to a host-FDX), 2 (send to
screen-LaC), or 3 (send to host and to screen-
HDX).
NOTE
For revision 1.0 firmware, function keys
mustbe programmed in sequential ascend-
ing order.
Because control, escape, cursor position, and similar
function keys are notnormally stored, a
CTRL P imbed-
ded in the text of the function key message may be used
to store the next character entered. For example,
if the
desired message
is (spaces are for clarity only, do not in-
clude them when entering command sequences):
ESCA CTRL Y B C CTRLP
precede it with ESC: the key number, and the transmis-
sion mode (see above), then enter it as
w~!~ ~ P CTr Y B C CTr'RL P CTRJL P
stores
_____ --1_
and where ------------'
stores _______________ ....1
and then complete the load sequence with the CTRL Y
load terminator.
Once the function keys have been programmed, just
press the desired key (for the first message programmed)
or the desired key and SHIFT at the same time (for the
second message programmed).
3.7 CURSOR ATTRIBUTES
The cursor display may appear anyone of five ways. To
set the cursor display, enter the control code for the de-
sired attribute. Type the code in the exact sequence
shown below (do not enter the spaces between the char-
acters; spaces are for clarity only):
ATTRIBUTE
Not displayed
Blinking block
Steady block
Blinking underline
Steady underline
CODE
ESC.O
ESC .1
ESC.2
ESC.3
ESC.4
3-13

3.8 USING TABS.
The Model 950 uses two types
of tabs: typewriter tabs
that move the cursoranywhere tabs are set and field tabs
that move the cursor across protected fields.
3.8.1 Typewriter Tabs
Typewriter tabs may be set anywhere on the Model
9SO
page. Whenthe pageis set for normalvideo (PROT off),
the tabs act like typewriter tabs, advancing the cursor to
the next tab position. Each time
TAB is pressed the cur-
sor advances to the next tab; each time
BACK TAB is
pressed, the cursor backs to the previous tab. If the cur-
sor is beyond the last tab set on a line, pressing
TAB has
no effect. When the cursor
is at the first tab on a line,
pressing
BACK TAB moves it to the first column of the
line.
3.8.2 Field Tabs
Tabs may be set protected (PROT on) to act
on a field
basis. The cursor will not move to previously set type-
writer tab columns. Pressing
TAB moves the cursor to
the first unprotected character position following the
next protected field.
If Auto page is off (refer to para-
graph3.15.10) and no unprotectedcharacter follows, the
cursor moves to the first unprotected character on the
samepage. If Auto Page is on and there is no following
unprotected character, the cursor moves to the first un-
protected character
of the next page. If the next page
contains no protected fields, the cursor moves to the
Home position (line
1, column 1) on that page.
3.8.3 Tab Operations
To move the cursor forward toa tab position, press TAB
(CTRL I); to move the cursor back to a preVIOUS posi-
tion, press
BA CK TAB (ESC I).
To set or clear the tabs, enter the code for the desired
operation. Type the code in the exact sequence shown
below (do not enter spaces between characters; spaces
are for clarity only):
OPERATION
Tab set
Clear tab
at cursor
Clear all tabs
3.9 OTHER MODE CONTROLS
CODE
ESC 1
ESC 2
ESC 3
During normal operation of the Model950, several func-
tio,ns may be controlled with code sequences. These
functions include keycIick, Conversation/Block mode
changes, and reverse video. To change these functions,
type their codes in the exact sequence shown below (do
not enter spaces between characters; spaces are for clari-
tyonly):
3-14
Normal video
(white on black)
Reverse video
(black on white)
Keyclick on
Keyclick
off
Conversation mode on
Block mode on
Set Half duplex (HDX)
Set Full duplex (FDX)
ESCd
ESCb
ESC <
ESC>
ESCC
ESCB
ESCDH
ESCDF
3.10 TEXT/DATA CONTROL MODES.
For normal operation, the Model 950 provides several
methods for controlling text
or data entry. These meth-
ods are Edit modes for changing text, Insert modes for
modifying text, Print mode for sending text
to the ter-
minal printer port, Send mode for transmitting selected
data
to the host, andfunction key message transmissions
for sending preprogrammed messages to the host. Each
of these modes is described in the following paragraphs.
3.10.1 Editing Text
Editmode (Insertmode off) is the most commonoperat-
ing mode for entering text on the screen. The Edit Page
(EDTP) mode
or Edit Line (EDTL) mode, which should
be set by the application program, allows text tobe edit-
ed
or added after initial text entry. Any text entered re-
places characters already on the screen.
NOTE
When entering text, the wraparound fea-
ture
of the Model 950 eliminates the need
to press
RETURN and LINEFEED at the
end
of a line. It automatically advances
the cursor to column 1 of the next line
when entered characters reach column 80.
A CR and an LF need only be entered
when theend
of a line is beforethelastcol-
umn.
If double-spaced lines are desired,
LINEFEED must be pressed twice.
Afterthe initial setup, Edit modes may be changed with-
out re,-entering the setup mode. To enter
an Edit mode,
type its code in the exact sequence shown below (do not
enter spaces between characters; spaces are for clarity
only): EDIT MODE
Local Edit
Duplex Edit
Set Page Edit
Clear Page Edit
CODE
ESCk
ESC 1
ESCN
ESC 0
These modes operatein addition to the dedicated editing
keys (refer to paragraph 3.3.2).
3.10.2 Inserting Text
The Insert mode allows text to be inserted ona line basis
or a page basis into text previously entered. Additions
are entered by setting the cursor
at the insertion point
and typing in the text. Existing text shifts to the right as
the new text
is entered. Insert mode is entered or cleared
either by going to the Setup mode (paragraph 3.4) or by
typing one
of the following control sequences (do not
type the spaces in the sequence; spaces are for clarity
only): OPERATION
Set insert
Clear insert
CODE
ESCq
ESCr
When the terminal is operated in the Insert Lineand Edit
Line modes, any character typed causes the cursor and
all datato the right
of the cursor (within the line or field)
to move one column to the right. The character ,typed
(inserted)
is displayed in the cursor position before the
insert; the last character in the line or field will be lost.

When the terminal is operated in the Edit Page and In-
sert Page modes, the last characterineach line following
the cursor
is shifted to the first position of the next line.
This shifting process continues until the end
of the page
is reached
and the last character is lost. Nulls and spaces
are characters for editing purposes.
3.10.3 Print Control
The terminal will send
data from the screen to an auxil-
iary printer when
PRINT is pressed.
CAUTION
Pressing PRINT or SHIFT PRINT while
the hostis outputting
data to theprinter in
Transparent Print mode (PRT 2) cancels
PRT 2 and may result in the loss of data.
(PRT 3 is not affected by pressing PRINT.)
To send all the data on a page, including a carriage re-
turn, a linefeed,
and a null at the end of each line, press
PRINT. To send all the data on a page withouta carriage
return, linefeed,
or a null at the end of each line, press
SHIFT and PRINT at the same time.
3.10.4 Send Function
Once
data or text has been entered and edited, it may be
transmitted
to the host by either pressing SEND for a
pre-programmed transmit method
or by entering a con-
trol sequence
to send specific data. The manner in which
the
SEND key has been preprogrammed depends on the
Model 950 setup for the system
in which it is installed.
Consult system documents for its configuration (also re-
fer
to paragraph 3.15.6 for programming information).
To send the host specific data, type the code in the exact
sequence shown below (do
not enter the spaces between
the characters; spaces are for clarity only):
SEND DATA
Send line unprotected
(from start of line to
cursor)
Send page unprotected
(from Home
to cursor)
Send line all
(from start
of line to
cursor)
Send message unprotected
(STX
to ETX)
Send message all
(STX
to ETX)
Send programmed
transmission sequence
(refer
to paragraph 3.15.6)
CODE
ESC 4
ESC 5
ESC 6
ESCS
ESCs
SEND
Data other than text may also be sent to the host; how-
ever, control sequences must be used. Pressing SEND
will not send the data. The transmit commands for other
than text data follow. Type the code in the exact se-
quence shownbelow (do
not enterthe spaces betweenthe
characters; spaces are for clarity only):
SEND DATA
Terminal type
User line
Status line
Page, Row, Column,
and
Carriage Return
Row, Column,
and
Carriage Return
NOTE
CODE
ESCM
ESCZO
ESCZ 1
ESC/
ESC?
When the terminal is sending data to the
host, the host's data echo-back mode
(echoplex) should be turned off. Turning
off echoplex applies to all transmission
modes: Block,
Half Duplex, and Full Du-
plex.
3.10.5 Function Keys
As described
in paragraph 3.6, the function keys may be
user programmed. To use one
of these keys in normal
operation, press the key for the first message,
or press
SHIFT and the key at the same time for the second
message.
3.11 OPERATING
IN BLOCK MODE
Most normal applications of the Model 950 consist of
entering text or data, changing or adding to data sent to
the terminal
by a hostcomputer, sending screen data to a
printer,
and sending data to the host computer.
Operating the Model 950 in the Block mode generally
consists
of entering or changing text locally. In this
mode, the terminal processor sends the results
to the
screen. When the operator is satisfied with the results
of
the text/data entry or change, the text/data may then be
sent
to a printer or the host. To operate the Model 950 in
the Block mode, proceed as follows:
1. As required by your host computer's application
program, respond
to any prompts.
2. Set the terminal
to the Block mode either by
changing it using the Setup mode (refer
to paragraph
3.4)
or by entering ESC B (refer to paragraph 3.9).
3. Enter text
or data.
Refer
to the following paragraphs for detailed descrip-
tions
of the use of the editing, text insertion, print and
send operations of the terminal.
3.12 OPERATING
IN LOCAL MODE
Operating
in the Local mode causes the Model 950 to
perform in the same manner as when it is in the Block
mode, except
that no communications with the host are
possible. Local mode turns
off host port P3 on the ter-
minal.
If data transmission to thehost is desired afterthe
data is entered, set the terminal to Block mode and press
SEND or use a send data control sequence.
3.13 OPERATING
IN HALF DUPLEX MODE
When the Model 950 is set to the Half Duplex mode, it
sends entered text
and data to the screen and allows the
control
of this informationsimilar to Block Mode. How-
ever, the terminal
is also sending the text and data to the
host. The hostwill act
on the entered data, text, and con-
trolcommands onlyas programmed
to do so byitsappli-
3-15

cation program. Refer to the application program user
documentation for further information.
3.14 OPERATING IN FULL DUPLEX MODE
As described in paragraph 3.3, when operating in Full
Duplex mode, all Model 950 operations capable
of du-
plex operation (that is, all operations except Setup, Lo-
cal Edit, and No-Scroll) are sent to the host computer.
What the host sends back
to the Model 950 (if anything)
and the action it takes on data, text,
or command se-
quences sent to it depends
on the application program in
use. Refer to the application program user documenta-
tion for complete information.
3.15 PROGRAMMER'S NOTES AND
INFORMATION
The following paragraphs provide the programmer with
information on using the Model 950 functions and spe-
cial features. These functions and features are the fol-
lowing:
Communications modes and word structure
Editing and cursor control
Protect mode
Tab programming
Print function programming
Send function programming
Video attributes
Special graphics
Page control
Clear function Monitor mode
Insert character loading
Main port programming
Printer port programming
X-ON, X-OFF control
User ROM
Line lock
Wraparound feature
Video display control.
Unless otherwise specified in the text, all control code se-
quences are transmitted from the host to the Model 950
to'elicit the response associated with the code.
3.15.1 Communications Mode and Word Structure
The terminal communicates with a host in HalfDuplex,
Full Duplex, or Block modes (refer to paragraph 3.3).
Although the Model
950 communicates using USASCII
(or ASCII as used here) with 7-bit serial data words, it
carries eight bits in memory for each character position
on the screen-seven bits for character identification
and
an eighth bit as a character-protect flag. During
asynchronous transmission, each character
is transmit-
ted as an independent message with a start bit, one
or
two stop bits, and a parity bit (ifused). Generally, baud
rates
110 and lower use two stop bits, and rates 150 and
higher use one stop bit.
3-16
NOTE
If eight data bits are selected, bit 8 = o.
If parity is used for error detection, it fol-
lows the character. Normally, even parity
is used for asynchronous transmission,
and odd parity
is used for synchronous
transmission. Even parity adds a 0
or 1to
the character to make the total number
even. Thedatareceiverchecks this sum for
an indication of a data error.
3.15.2 Editing and Cursor Control
Theeditingand cursor controlkey operation is described
in paragraph 3.3.2. Escape and Control sequences may
be sent from the host to perform the various editing and
cursor functions.
a. Cursor Control. The cursor control code sequences
and a description
of the functions follows:
• Cursor up (CTRL K)-Moves the cursor up one
line until it encounters the top
of the screen. If the
cursor
is not on the first line of the page, the display
will roll down one line each time until the cursor
reaches the top
of the page. Once itreaches the top of
the'page, further receipt of the code has no effect.
• Cursor down (CTRL V) -Moves the cursor down
one line.
If the cursor is on the bottom line of the
screen, thedisplay
will roll upone line. If thecursor is
onthe bottomline of thepage, the code has no effect.
• Cursor left (CTRL H)-Same as BACKSPACE.
Moves the cursor left to the next unprotected position
on the page.
If the cursor is currently in the first col-
umn
of the line, it will move to the last column of the
preceding line or to that line.
If Auto Page is off and
the cursor
is currently at the Home position or the
first unprotected position on the page, the code has
no effect.
• If Auto Page is on and the cursor is at the Home
position orthe first unprotected position on the page,
the cursor
will move to the end of the preceding page
or to the last position
of the last unprotected field of
the preceding page. If the current page is page 0, the
code has no effect.
• Cursor right (CTRL L)-Moves the cursor right
one column;
if at column 80, it moves the cursor to
the first column
of the next line. With Auto Page off
and the Protect mode off, it will cause a scroll if the
cursor
is atcolumn 80 of thelastline. WithAutoPage
on and the cursor
at the last unprotected position on
the page, the cursor will advance to the first unpro-
tected position
of the next page. If the page was the
last, the cursor will advance to Home
of the first
page. With Auto Page off, the Protect mode on, and
the cursor
at the last unprotected position on the
page, thecursor
will move tothe first unprotected po-
sition
of the current page.
• Carriage return (CTRL M) -Moves the cursor left
to column 1
of the current line.
• Cursor Home (CTRLA)-Moves the cursor to the
first unprotected character on the page.
• New line (CTRL _. _)-Causes th~ terminal to
perform a carriage return and a linefeed.