Tennant 450 User manual

450
MM289
Rev. 03 (11−94)
Operator Manual

This manual is furnished with each new TENNANT Model 450. It provides necessary operating and
preventive maintenance instructions. Read this manual completely and understand the machine before
operating or servicing it.
This machine will provide excellent service. However, the best results will be obtained at minimum costs
if:
 The machine is operated with reasonable care.
 The machine is maintained regularly −per the maintenance instructions provided.
 The machine is maintained with TENNANT supplied or equivalent parts.
Parts and supplies may be ordered by phone or mail from any TENNANT parts and service center,
distributor, or from any of the TENNANT subsidiaries. Before ordering parts or supplies, be sure to have
your machine model number and serial number handy. Fill out the data block below for future reference.
Manual Number −MM289
Revision: 03
Published: 11−94
Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994 TENNANT, Printed in U.S.A.

CONTENTS
1
450 MM289 (1−92)
CONTENTS
Page
CONTENTS 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPECIFICATIONS 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POWER TYPE 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POWER TRAIN 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BRAKING SYSTEM 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WHEELS AND CASTERS 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SYSTEM FLUID CAPACITIES 4. . . . . . . . . .
GENERAL MACHINE DIMENSIONS 4. . . . .
MACHINE WEIGHT 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GENERAL MACHINE PERFORMANCE 4. .
DIMENSIONS 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OPERATION 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITY 6. . . . . . . . .
MACHINE COMPONENTS 7. . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTROL PANEL SYMBOLS 8. . . . . . . . . .
CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS 9. . . . . .
STEERING HANDLES 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPEED SWITCH 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SOLUTION FLOW LEVER 12. . . . . . . . . . .
ES/POWER WAND SWITCH
(OPTION) 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCRUB BRUSH SWITCH 13. . . . . . . . . . .
MACHINE-ON LIGHT 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURMETER 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ON-OFF SWITCH 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BATTERY DISCHARGE INDICATOR 14.
RECOVERY TANK DRAIN HOSE 15. . . .
SOLUTION TANK DRAIN HOSE
(OPTION) 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POWER KILL SWITCH (OPTION) 15. . . .
CIRCUIT BREAKERS 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SUPPORT ARM 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STOP ARM 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SQUEEGEE LEVER 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PARKING BRAKE (OPTION) 17. . . . . . . .
HOW THE MACHINE WORKS 18. . . . . . . . . .
PRE-OPERATION CHECKLIST 19. . . . . . . . .
STARTING THE MACHINE 20. . . . . . . . . . . . .
FILLING THE TANKS 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NORMAL SCRUBBING 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DOUBLE SCRUBBING 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STOP SCRUBBING 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DRAINING AND CLEANING THE TANKS 28
STOP THE MACHINE 34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POST-OPERATION CHECKLIST 35. . . . . . . .
OPERATION ON INCLINES 36. . . . . . . . . . . .
MACHINE TROUBLESHOOTING 37. . . . . . .
OPTIONS 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VACUUM WAND 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POWER WAND 41
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MACHINE TIE-DOWNS 46. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page
MAINTENANCE 47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MAINTENANCE CHART 47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LUBRICATION 48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REAR CASTERS 48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WHEEL DRIVE CHAIN 48. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BATTERIES 48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHARGING THE BATTERIES 49. . . . . . .
CHAINS 51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WHEEL DRIVE CHAIN 51. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STATIC DRAG CHAIN 51. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCRUB HEAD 52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ADJUSTING THE SCRUB HEAD
SKIRT 52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REPLACING THE SCRUB HEAD
SKIRT 53. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCRUB BRUSH 54. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REMOVING THE SCRUB BRUSH 54. . . .
INSTALLING THE SCRUB BRUSH 55. . .
SOLUTION SYSTEM 57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RECOVERY TANK 57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SOLUTION TANK 58. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SQUEEGEE 58. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REMOVING THE SQUEEGEE 58. . . . . . .
INSTALLING THE SQUEEGEE 60. . . . . .
LEVELING THE SQUEEGEE 60. . . . . . . . . . .
ADJUSTING SQUEEGEE BLADE
DEFLECTION 61. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SQUEEGEE BLADES 62. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REPLACING OR ROTATING SQUEEGEE
BLADES 63. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ELECTRIC MOTORS 64. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STORAGE INFORMATION 64. . . . . . . . . . . . .

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
450 MM289 (1−92)
2
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
The following symbols are used throughout this
manual as indicated in their description:
WARNING: To warn of hazards or
unsafe practices which could result in
severe personal injury or death.
FOR SAFETY: To identify actions which must
be followed for safe operation of equipment.
The following information signals potentially
dangerous conditions to the operator or
equipment. Read this manual carefully. Know
when these conditions can exist. Locate all safety
devices on the machine. Then, take necessary
steps to train machine operating personnel.
Report machine damage or faulty operation
immediately. Do not use the machine if it is not in
proper operating condition.
FOR SAFETY:
1. Do Not Operate Machine:
−Unless Trained And Authorized.
−Unless Operation Manual Is Read And
Understood.
−In Flammable Or Explosive Areas
Unless Designed For Use In Those
Areas.
2. Before Starting Machine:
−Make Sure All Safety Devices Are In
Place And Operate Properly.
−Check Brakes And Steering For Proper
Operation (If So Equipped).
3. When Using Machine:
−Go Slow On Inclines And Slippery
Surfaces.
−Use Care When Backing Machine.
4. Before Leaving Or Servicing Machine:
−Stop On Level Surface.
−Set Parking Brake (If So Equipped).
−Turn Off Machine And Remove Key.
5. When Servicing Machine:
−Avoid Moving Parts. Do Not Wear
Loose Jackets, Shirts, Or Sleeves
When Working On Machine.
−Block Machine Tires Before Jacking
Machine Up.
−Jack Machine Up At Designated
Locations Only. Block Machine Up
With Jack Stands.
−Use Hoist Or Jack Of Adequate
Capacity To Lift Machine.
−Wear Eye And Ear Protection When
Using Pressurized Air Or Water.
−Disconnect Battery Connections
Before Working On Machine.
−Avoid Contact With Battery Acid.
−Use TENNANT Supplied Or Equivalent
Replacement Parts.
WARNING: Batteries Emit Hydrogen
Gas. Explosion Or Fire Can Result.
Keep Sparks And Open Flame Away. Keep
Covers Open When Charging.
WARNING: Flammable Materials Can
Cause An Explosion Or Fire. Do Not
Use Flammable Materials In Tank(s).
WARNING: Flammable Materials Or
Reactive Metals Can Cause Explosion
Or Fire. Do Not Pick Up.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
3
450 MM289 (3−93)
The following safety labels are mounted on the
machine in the locations indicated. If these or any
label becomes damaged or illegible, install a new
label in its place.
BATTERY CHARGING LABEL −LOCATED ON
THE RECOVERY TANK NEXT TO THE
BATTERIES.
FLAMMABLE SPILLS LABEL −LOCATED ON
THE BACK PANEL OF THE MACHINE.
FOR SAFETY LABEL −LOCATED ON THE
BACK PANEL OF THE MACHINE. FLAMMABLE MATERIALS LABEL −LOCATED ON THE INSIDE OF THE SOLUTION TANK
COVER.
07221

SPECIFICATIONS
450 MM289 (3−94)
4
SPECIFICATIONS
POWER TYPE
Electric propelling motor −
24 VDC, 0.15 kW (0.20 hp) @ 300 rpm
Electric vacuum fan motor −
24 VDC, 0.53 kW (0.71 hp) @ 12,500 rpm
Electric scrub brush motor −
24 VDC, 0.56 kW (0.75 hp)
Batteries (4) −6 V, 220 Ah @ 20 hour rate
Battery charger option −
24 VDC 20 A, 230 VAC, 50 Hz
24 VDC 20 A, 115 VAC, 60 Hz
24 VDC 20 A, 100 VAC, 50 and 60 Hz
24 VDC 20 A, 245 VAC, 50 Hz
POWER TRAIN
Propelling −electric motor with chain drive to
differential
Scrub brush −electric motor direct driven
Vacuum fan −electric motor direct driven
BRAKING SYSTEM
Parking brake option −peg and cog design
WHEELS AND CASTERS
Front wheel (2) −205 mm (8 in)
Rear caster (2) −125 mm (5 in)
SYSTEM FLUID CAPACITIES
Solution tank −53 L (14 gal)
Recovery tank −48 L (12.75 gal)
GENERAL MACHINE DIMENSIONS
Length −1415 mm (55.75 in)
Width −575 mm (22.70 in)
Height −1080 mm (42.50 in)
Squeegee width −730 mm (28.8 in)
Scrubbing path width −510 mm (20 in)
Scrub brush diameter −510 mm (20 in)
MACHINE WEIGHT
GVWR −355 kg (782 lb)
GENERAL MACHINE PERFORMANCE
Maximum forward transport speed −
4 kmh (2.5 mph)
Maximum forward scrubbing speed −
3.5 kmh (2.2 mph)
Maximum reverse speed −
3.2 kmh (2 mph)
Aisle turnaround width −1500 mm (59 in)
Maximum rated ramp climb and descent angle,
full tanks −5
Maximum trailer loading clearance angle −10

SPECIFICATIONS
5
450 MM289 (1−92)
DIMENSIONS
Top View
Side View
1415 mm
(55.75 in)
575 mm
(22.70 in)
1080 mm
(42.50 in)
07342

OPERATION
450 MM289 (3−93)
6
OPERATION
OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITY
The operator’s responsibility is to take care
of the daily maintenance and checkups of
the machine to keep it in good working
condition. The operator must inform the
service mechanic or supervisor when the
maintenance intervals are required as stated
in the MAINTENANCE section of this
manual.
Read this manual carefully before operating
this machine.
FOR SAFETY: Do Not Operate Machine,
Unless Operation Manual Is Read And
Understood.
After the first 50 hours of operation the
following procedures are recommended:
Check the squeegee deflection.
Check the electrolyte level.
Check the battery cable connections.
07324
07266
04380

OPERATION
7
450 MM289 (1−92)
MACHINE COMPONENTS
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
A
B
C
D
F
07220
07221
A. Solution Tank H. Solution Tank Cover
B. Recovery Tank I. Recovery Tank Cover
C. Scrub Head J. Batteries
D. Squeegee K. Solution Tank Support Arm
E. Control Panel L. Stop Arm
F. Recovery Tank Drain Hose M. Parking Brake
G. Solution Tank Drain Hose N. Access Cover

OPERATION
450 MM289 (1−92)
8
CONTROL PANEL SYMBOLS
These symbols are used to identify controls and
displays on the machine:
Solution Flow Hourmeter
ESCircuit Breaker 1
Scrub Brush Up Circuit Breaker 2
Scrub Brush Down and On Circuit Breaker 3
On-off Switch Circuit Breaker 4
Fast Variable Rate
Slow

OPERATION
9
450 MM289 (6−93)
CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS
A
B
CDEF
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
A
M
B
For machines below
serial number
010223
07291
A. Steering Handles H. On-off Switch
B. Speed Switch I. Battery Discharge Indicator
C. Solution Lever J. Recovery Tank Drain Hose
D. ES/Power Wand Switch K. Solution Tank Drain Hose
E. Scrub Brush Switch L. Power Kill Switch
F. Machine-On Light M. Circuit Breakers
G. Hourmeter

OPERATION
450 MM289 (6−93)
10
STEERING HANDLES
The steering handles control the machine speed
and direction.
Forward: Twist the handles forward. The further
forward you twist the handles, the faster the
machine will go.
Backward: Twist the handles toward you.
Turning: Push the machine in the direction of the
turn with the steering handles. The machine will
turn on the swivel casters.
Stopping: Release the handles.
NOTE: To quickly stop the machine, or to control
the speed down a ramp, twist the handles towards
you.
07206
07207
07209
07208

OPERATION
11
450 MM289 (6−93)
The steering handle height is adjustable. The
control panel and steering handles can be moved
up or down to fit the height of the operator by
removing the screws holding the control panel to
the machine.
SPEED SWITCH
The speed switch allows two forward speeds of
the machine; transport and scrub.
Scrub Speed: For machines below serial number
010223, move the toggle switch to the left.
For machines serial number 010223 and above,
press the left of the scrub speed switch.
Transport Speed: For machines below serial
number 010223, move the toggle switch to the
right. For machines serial number 010223
and above, press the right of the scrub speed
switch.
NOTE: Use transport speed on inclines.
07293
07227
07228

OPERATION
450 MM289 (6−93)
12
SOLUTION FLOW LEVER
The solution flow lever controls the amount of
solution flow to the floor.
Start: Move the solution lever forward. The
further you move the lever forward, the more you
increase the solution flow to the floor.
Stop: Move the solution lever all the way back.
ES/POWER WAND SWITCH (OPTION)
The ES/power wand switch turns on and off the
recycling system and/or power wand solution
system.
On: Press the top of the ES/power wand
switch. The green light comes on.
07229
07230
07231

OPERATION
13
450 MM289 (6−93)
Off: Press the bottom of the ES/power wand
switch.
SCRUB BRUSH SWITCH
The scrub brush switch controls the position and
rotation of the scrub brush.
Start and Lower: Press the top of the scrub
brush switch.
Stop and Raise: Press the bottom of the
scrub brush switch.
MACHINE-ON LIGHT
The machine-on light comes on when the
machine is powered on with the on-off switch. The
machine on bulb goes off when the machine is
powered off.
07232
07233
07234
07235

OPERATION
450 MM289 (6−93)
14
HOURMETER
The hourmeter records the number of hours
the machine has been powered on. This
information is useful when servicing the machine.
ON-OFF SWITCH
The on-off switch controls machine power with a
key.
Power On: Turn the key to the right.
Power Off: Turn the key to the left.
BATTERY DISCHARGE INDICATOR
The battery discharge indicator shows the charge
level of the batteries. The meter’s needle should
be in the white zone when the batteries are fully
charged. As the batteries discharge, the needle
will move into the green zone. Recharge the
batteries when the needle remains in the red
zone.
NOTE: The reading on the battery discharge
indicator is not accurate when the machine is first
powered on. Operate the machine a few minutes
before reading the charge level of the batteries.
07236
07210
07211
07237

OPERATION
15
450 MM289 (6−93)
RECOVERY TANK DRAIN HOSE
The recovery tank drain hose is used to drain the
recovery tank. The drain hose plug is removed by
flipping up the plug latch and pulling the plug out
of the drain hose. The drain hose is plugged by
placing the hose plug in the end of the hose and
flipping the plug latch down.
SOLUTION TANK DRAIN HOSE (OPTION)
The solution tank drain hose is used to drain the
solution tank on ESmachines. The drain hose
plug is removed by flipping up the plug latch and
pulling the plug out of the drain hose. The drain
hose is plugged by placing the hose plug in the
end of the hose and flipping the plug latch down.
POWER KILL SWITCH (OPTION)
The power kill switch halts all power to the
machine.
Halt: Hit the power kill switch.
Restart: Turn the power kill switch to the right to
release the switch. Turn the on-off switch key to
the left. Then turn the key to the right.
07238
07239
07290

OPERATION
450 MM289 (6−93)
16
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
The circuit breakers are resetable electrical circuit
protection devices. They are designed to stop the
flow of current in the event of a circuit overload.
Once a circuit breaker is tripped, it must be
manually reset by pressing the reset button after
the breaker has cooled down.
If the overload that caused the circuit breaker to
trip is still there, the circuit breaker will continue to
stop current flow until the problem is corrected.
The circuit breakers are located on the control
panel.
The chart shows the circuit breakers and the
electrical components they protect.
Circuit
Breaker Rating Circuit Protected
CB-1 10 A Controls
CB-2 30 A Propelling motor
CB-3 35 A Scrub brush motor
CB-4 25 A Vacuum fan
SUPPORT ARM
The support arm holds up the solution tank when
the tank is lifted open. The support arm engages
when the solution tank is lifted all the way forward.
The arm is released by pulling on the arm.
STOP ARM
The stop arm prevents the solution tank from
pinching fingers when the solution tank is lowered.
Rotate the arm up to lower the solution tank
completely.
07292
07258
07259

OPERATION
17
450 MM289 (1−92)
SQUEEGEE LEVER
The squeegee lever controls the squeegee and
the vacuum system.
Start and Lower: Step on the squeegee lever.
Stop and Raise: Pull up on the squeegee lever
with the toe of your foot.
PARKING BRAKE (OPTION)
The parking brake is controlled with a foot lever.
Set: Step on the brake foot lever.
Release: Pull up on the brake foot lever with the
toe of your foot.
07212
07213
07241
07244

OPERATION
450 MM289 (3−93)
18
HOW THE MACHINE WORKS
The scrub components of the machine are a
solution tank, a scrub brush, a squeegee, a
vacuum fan, and a recovery tank.
Water and detergent from the solution tank flows
to the floor through a solution valve to the scrub
brush. The brush scrubs the floor. As the machine
is moved forward the squeegee wipes the dirty
solution off the floor, which is then picked up and
drawn into the recovery tank.
The steering handles control the speed of the
machine in the forward and reverse directions. By
twisting the steering handles forward, the machine
propels forward. By twisting the handles towards
you the machine propels backward.
When using the ESmode, the dirty solution in
the recovery tank is filtered and returned to the
solution tank to be recycled.
07223