THORLABS WFS20-5CM User manual

Optical Wavefront Sensors
(Shack-Hartmann)
Operation Manual
2018
WFS20-5C(/M), WFS20-7AR(/M), WFS20-14AR(/M),
WFS20-K1(/M), WSF20-K2(/M)
WFS30-5C(/M), WFS30-7AR(/M), WFS30-14AR(/M),
WFS30-K1(/M), WSF30-K2(/M)
WFS40-5C(/M), WFS40-7AR(/M), WFS40-14AR(/M),
WFS40-K1(/M), WSF40-K2(/M)

Copyright © 2007 - 2018 Thorlabs
Version:
Date: 5.0
19-Jul-2018

Foreword
Contents 4
1General Information 5
71.1 WFS Products and Accessories
91.2 Requirements
91.2.1 Hardware Requirements
91.2.2 Software Requirements
2Operating Principle 10
3Coordinate Definitions 12
4Getting Started 14
144.1 Parts List
144.2 Installing Software
154.3 Operating Elements
164.4 Connecting the Wavefront Sensor
174.5 Mounting
5Operating Instruction 19
195.1 Instrument Setup in the Software
215.2 Graphical User Interface (GUI)
225.2.1 Menu Bar
225.2.1.1 File Menu
235.2.1.2 Setup Menu
435.2.1.3 Measurement Menu
435.2.1.4 Calibration Menu
475.2.1.5 Display Menu
475.2.1.6 Help Menu
485.2.2 Tool Bar
485.2.3 Numerical Measurement Results
515.2.4 Graphical Display Panels
515.2.4.1 Lineview Panel
535.2.4.2 Spot Field Panel
615.2.4.3 Beam View Panel
635.2.4.4 Wavefront Panel
675.2.4.5 Zernike Coefficients Panel
685.2.5 Status Bar
695.2.6 Version and other Program Information
705.3 Beam setup using the Software
705.3.1 Beam Size and Alignment
715.3.2 Optical Power
725.4 Measurement Examples

735.5 Measurement Warnings and Errors
765.6 DataSocket for Live Data Transfer
785.6.1 Available Data Items
805.6.2 WFS Receiver Application sample
6Write Your Own Application 81
826.1 32 bit Operating System
836.2 64 bit Operating System
7Maintenance and Service 85
857.1 Version Information
867.2 Troubleshooting
887.3 Exchanging the Microlens Arrays
897.4 Hot Pixel
8 Appendix 91
928.1 Technical Data
928.1.1 WFS20
988.1.2 WFS30
1028.1.3 WFS40
1078.1.4 MLA Microlens Arrays
1098.2 Minimal Beam and Pupil Diameter
1108.3 Trigger Input WFS20
1118.4 Trigger Input WFS30 and WFS40
1138.5 Zernike Fit and Zernike Modes
1168.6 Example Zernike Calculations
1188.7 Data Flow Chart
1198.8 Troubleshooting
1208.9 Drawings
1208.9.1 Reference Plane
1218.9.2 Drawing WFS20-5C
1228.9.3 Drawing WFS20-5C/M
1238.9.4 Drawing WFS20-7AR
1248.9.5 Drawing WFS20-7AR/M
1258.9.6 Drawing WFS20-14AR
1268.9.7 Drawing WFS20-14AR/M
1278.9.8 Drawing WFS20 Control Box
1288.9.9 Drawing WFS30-5C
1298.9.10 Drawing WFS30-5C/M
1308.9.11 Drawing WFS30-7AR
1318.9.12 Drawing WFS30-7AR/M
1328.9.13 Drawing WFS30-14AR
1338.9.14 Drawing WFS30-14AR/M
1348.9.15 Drawing WFS40-5C
1358.9.16 Drawing WFS40-5C/M

1368.9.17 Drawing WFS40-7AR
1378.9.18 Drawing WFS40-7AR/M
1388.9.19 Drawing WFS40-14AR
1398.9.20 Drawing WFS40-14AR/M
1408.10 Safety
1428.11Certifications and Compliances
1448.12 Warranty
1458.13Copyright and Exclusion of Reliability
1468.14List of Acronyms
1468.15 Literature
1478.16Thorlabs Worldwide Contacts and WEEE policy

© 2007 - 2018 Thorlabs
We aim to develop and produce the best solution for your application
in the field of optical measurement technique. To help us to live up to
your expectations and constantly improve our products we need
your ideas and suggestions. Therefore, please let us know about
possible criticism or ideas. We and our international partners are
looking forward to hearing from you.
Thorlabs GmbH
Warning
Sections marked by this symbol explain dangers that might result in
personal injury or death. Always read the associated information
carefully, before performing the indicated procedure.
Please read this advice carefully!
This manual also contains "NOTES" and "HINTS" written in this form.
Attention
Paragraphs preceded by this symbol explain hazards that could
damage the instrument and the connected equipment or may cause
loss of data.
Note
4

© 2007 - 2018 Thorlabs
1 General Information
5
1 General Information
Thorlabs' Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensors (WFSs) provide accurate measurements of the
wavefront shape and the intensity distribution of optical beams. During operation, light is inci-
dent on a microlens array (MLA), which creates a matrix of focal spots on a CMOS camera
sensor. The WFS application software analyzes the centroid locations of the focal spots and
provides wavefront measurements. Each MLA is permanently mounted in a holder, which fits in
a socket on the front of the sensor head. These holders are easily exchanged, which allows the
user to switch to the best MLA for the application.
Note
Each MLA used with a WFS must be both mounted in the custom holder and previously calib-
rated, at the Thorlabs factory, for use with the sensor head.
The Wavefront Sensors are available with one of three sensor heads, each providing different
camera sensor performance. Each type of Wavefront Sensor Head can be combined with any
one of three different Microlens Array types. The Item # of each product has a prefix that indic-
ates the type of Wavefront Sensor Head and a suffix that indicates the included Microlens Ar-
ray(s).
Wavefront Sensors can also be purchased in kits with two MLAs.
Wavefront Sensor Heads
WFS20
-High-Speed Wavefront Sensor Head
-High-Resolution 1440 x 1080 pixel CMOS Camera, Rectangular 7.20 mm x 5.40
mm Active Area
-External Control Box to Connect the Sensor to the PC via USB 2.0
WFS30
-Wavefront Sensor Head
-1936 x 1216 pixel CMOS Camera, Rectangular 11.34 mm x 7.13 mm Active Area
-Sensor Head Connects Directly to the PC via USB 3.0
WFS40
-Large Area Wavefront Sensor Head
-2048 x 2048 pixel CMOS Camera, Square 11.26 mm x 11.26 mm Active Area
-Sensor Connects Directly to the PC via USB 3.0
Microlens Arrays
Up to three different microlens arrays can be calibrated for use with each sensor head. Each
MLA is mounted in a holder that is specific to the type of sensor head. These holders contain-
ing the MLAs can be easily exchanged by the user due to Thorlabs' patented precision mag-
netic holder technology (US Patent No. 8,289,504). Exchanging MLAs allows a single sensor
head to easily adapt to the spatial resolution (lenslet pitch), focal length, wavefront sensitivity,
and dynamic range requirements of different applications. Please see the chapter Microlens
Data for more information on the microlens arrays.
Note
Each specific combination of MLA and sensor head must be calibrated as a set by Thorlabs at
the factory. Individual MLAs that have not been calibrated with the particular sensor head
should not be used.
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© 2007 - 2018 Thorlabs6
Wavefront Sensor
Microlens Arrays mounted a holder
5C
-based on Thorlabs MLA150-5C
-Chrome Mask with no Anti-Reflection Coating
-Wavelength range: 300 - 1100 nm
-Round Microlenses, Pitch 150 m m, Effective Focal Length 4.1 mm
7AR
-based on Thorlabs MLA150-7AR
-Anti-Reflection Coating
-Wavelength range: 400 - 900 nm
-Round Microlenses, Pitch 150 m m, Effective Focal Length 5.2 mm
14AR
-based on Thorlabs MLA300-14AR
-Anti-Reflection Coating
-Wavelength range: 400 - 900 nm
-Square Microlenses, Pitch: 300 m m, Effective Focal Length 14.6 mm
Note
The specified reflectivity of the AR coated MLA is valid only within the stated wavelength range.
Outside of this wavelength range, the reflectivity may increase significantly. Please see also
section Microlens Data .
In addition to WFS products that include a single mounted MLA, kits are available that include
two mounted MLAs. Please see the available WFS Products and Accessories . For other re-
quests, please contact Thorlabs.
C-Mount Adapter
The C-Mount thread on the face of the Wavefront Sensor is compatible with the included Thor-
labs' SM1A9 adapter. This SM1A9 adapter allows the Wavefront Sensor to be integrated with
Thorlabs' line of SM1-threaded components including neutral density (ND) filters, to prevent
device saturation, and lens tubes, to reduce scattered light.
Attention
Please find all safety information and warnings concerning this product in the chapter Safety
in the Appendix.
Wavefront Sensor Software
The Wavefront Sensor software required to operate Thorlabs' Wavefront Sensors can be
downloaded from the Thorlabs website. For more information, please see the section Operating
Instructions .
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© 2007 - 2018 Thorlabs
1 General Information
7
1.1 WFS Products and Accessories
Wavefront Sensor Type and MLA combinations
Item #
Wavefront Sensor Head
Included mounted Microlens Array
WFS20-5C
High Speed Wavefront Sensor
(WFS20)
Chrome Mask 300-1100 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-5C)
WFS20-7AR
High Speed Wavefront Sensor
(WFS20)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-7AR)
WFS20-14AR
High Speed Wavefront Sensor
(WFS20)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 300 µm (MLA300-14AR)
WFS30-5C
Wavefront Sensor (WFS30)
Chrome Mask 300-1100 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-5C)
WFS30-7AR
Wavefront Sensor (WFS30)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-7AR)
WFS30-14AR
Wavefront Sensor (WFS30)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 300 µm (MLA300-14AR)
WFS40-5C
Large Area Wavefront Sensor
(WFS40)
Chrome Mask 300-1100 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-5C)
WFS40-7AR
Large Area Wavefront Sensor
(WFS40)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-7AR)
WFS40-14AR
Large Area Wavefront Sensor
(WFS40)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 300 µm (MLA300-14AR)
For the parts included in the respective products, please see the section Parts List .
WFS kits with 2 MLAs
You may order a WFS Wavefront Sensor calibrated with two included mounted MLAs in a kit:
Item #s
Wavefront Sensor Head
Included mounted Microlens Arrays
WFS20-K1
WFS20 (High Speed)
Chrome Mask 300-1100 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-5C)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 300 µm (MLA300-14AR)
WFS20-K2
WFS20 (High Speed)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-7AR)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 300 µm (MLA300-14AR)
WFS30-K1
WFS30
Chrome Mask 300-1100 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-5C)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 300 µm (MLA300-14AR)
WFS30-K2
WFS30
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-7AR)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 300 µm (MLA300-14AR)
WFS40-K1
WFS40 (Large Area)
Chrome Mask 300-1100 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-5C)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 300 µm (MLA300-14AR)
WFS40-K2
WFS40 (Large Area)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 150 µm (MLA150-7AR)
AR-Coated 400-900 nm, pitch 300 µm (MLA300-14AR)
To purchase Wavefront Sensor / Microlens combinations not listed above, please contact
Thorlabs for support.
Note
All Thorlabs Wavefront Sensors are equipped with one mounted microlens array and are avail-
able in both imperial and metric (/M) versions.
14
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Wavefront Sensor
Optional Accessories
Additional Mounted Microlens Arrays
Each wavefront sensor head can be purchased with any combination of the three microlens op-
tions, even if the Item # in the preceding tables do not include the combination of interest. It is
also possible to purchase any of the three microlens array types for your existing sensor head.
Adding an additional mounted microlens array to a WFS is always an upgrade.
Please contact Thorlabs for pricing of the upgrade.
Attention
Each specific combination of a WFS head and an MLA needs to be calibrated as a set by
Thorlabs at the factory. This is because each MLA has individual optical characteristics.
When purchasing an additional MLA for your wavefront sensor head, please follow these steps:
1. Contact Thorlabs for pricing of the upgrade and return instructions (Example: Upgrade of
your WFS30-14AR to WFS30-K1 by adding a mounted MLA150-5C microlens array).
2. Send your complete WFS sensor (including existing mounted MLA (and control box for
WFS20)) for the upgrade to the Thorlabs factory. (Example: Send the WFS30-14AR to
Thorlabs).
3. Upon receipt of your WFS, the sensor head will be additionally calibrated with the newly pur-
chased MLA in a holder. The calibration data will be saved to the internal non-volatile
memory (EEPROM) of the camera.(Example: WFS30 sensor head is calibrated with the
mounted MLA150-5C array).
4. Thorlabs will return the newly calibrated sensor head as you sent it to Thorlabs, along with
the new MLA (Example: WFS30 sensor head, now calibrated for the mounted MLA300-
14AR MLA150-5C arrays, and the two mounted MLAs).
Note
The WFS software accepts only one set of calibration data for each mounted MLA type. It is im-
possible to calibrate the same sensor head for two mounted microlens arrays of the same type.
Trigger Cable
An optional trigger cable can be ordered separately to supply an electrical trigger signal to the
Wavefront Sensor. See chapter Trigger Input for details.
CAB-WFS20-T1 Trigger Cable for WFS20 Wavefront Sensor head
CAB-DCU-T3 Trigger Cable for WFS30 and WFS40 Wavefront Sensor head
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© 2007 - 2018 Thorlabs
1 General Information
9
1.2 Requirements
These are the requirements for the PC to be used for remote operation of the Wavefront
Sensor.
1.2.1 Hardware Requirements
CPU: 2 GHz or higher
RAM: 1 GB
Graphic Card: Min. 256 MB memory (shared)
Graphic Resolution: Min. 1024 x 768 pixels; recommended 1280 x 1024 pixels
Hard Disc: Min. 500 MB free storage space
USB Interface: WFS20 sensor head: Free USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 port, USB cable ac-
cording the USB 2.0 specification as supplied. A USB 1.1 full speed
port is not sufficient!
WFS30 or WFS40 sensor head: Free USB 3.0 port, USB cable ac-
cording the USB 3.0 specification as supplied. A USB 2.0 port will slow
down the performance. A USB 1.1 full speed port is not sufficient!
Running multiple Wavefront Sensors in parallel using one PC requires an increase in RAM size
and CPU power. The number of processor cores should be at least equal to the number of con-
nected Wavefront Sensors.
1.2.2 Software Requirements
The Wavefront Sensor software is compatible with the following operating systems:
· Windows®7 SP1 (32-bit, 64-bit)
· Windows®8.1 (32-bit, 64-bit)
· Windows®10 (32-bit, 64-bit)
For operation of the Wavefront Sensor, an NI-VISA™ (version 5.4.0 or higher) is required. A NI-
VISA™ engine comes with the Thorlabs Wavefront Sensor Installation Package, but can also
be downloaded from National Instruments website www.ni.com.

© 2007 - 2018 Thorlabs10
Wavefront Sensor
2 Operating Principle
The Wavefront Sensor instruments comprise a CMOS camera and a microlens array that is
mounted at a defined distance in front of the camera sensor chip. Each microlens of the lenslet
array collects the light incident to its aperture and generates a single spot on the detector plane
(CMOS camera) that is located at a distance of one focal length behind the lenslets.
Each spot is centered behind the lens that generated it only if the incident wavefront is planar
and parallel to the plane of the lenslets. These are the Reference Spot Positions, also known
as the Reference Spotfield.
In the case of a distorted wavefront incident on the sensor, the focal spot positions shift along
the X and Y directions, away from the optical axis Z of its associated microlens and the prede-
termined Reference Spot. The displacement is described by the angle a.
The above sketch shows that this deviation from the reference spot is caused by the deviation
of the wavefront incident angle on the microlens, or in geometrical terms:

© 2007 - 2018 Thorlabs
2 Operating Principle
11
If W(x,y) describes the shape of the wavefront, then its partial derivatives relative to X and Y are
determined by the spot shift d x and d y respectively, as well as by the distance between mi-
crolens and detector, which usually is equal to the focal length of the microlens fML:
Spot deviations d x and d y are determined by calculating the centroid coordinates of all detect-
able spots and subsequently subtracting the corresponding reference coordinates. The wave-
front shape function W(x,y) is the result of a 2-dimensional integration process of these spot de-
viations.
Please see appendix for detailed explanation of the data flow in the WFS software.
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Wavefront Sensor
3 Coordinate Definitions
The Wavefront Sensors use an orthogonal right-
hand coordinate system (x,y,z) as shown to the left.
When looking towards the light source, the x-direc-
tion points towards the right, the y-direction points
up, and the optical beam to be analyzed is propaga-
ting in the z direction towards the entrance aperture
of the Wavefront Sensor.
The graphs in the Wavefront Sensor GUI (Spotfield,
Beam View) are defined in the same way - the posi-
tive X axis points rightwards and the Y axis points
upwards.
Spotfield Graph
Beam View Graph
In the Wavefront Graph shown in 3D, the cross section in the X/Y plane of the beam is drawn
at the bottom, and the Z axis points upwards. The beam is shown to emerge up from the bot-
tom and the displayed 3D curve will represent the wavefront at the top of the beam.

© 2007 - 2018 Thorlabs
3 Coordinate Definitions
13
Wavefront Graph

© 2007 - 2018 Thorlabs14
Wavefront Sensor
4 Getting Started
4.1 Parts List
For item numbers with the following Wavefront Sensor Head, verify that you have received the
following components within the package:
WFS20:
1. Wavefront Sensor Head with Dust Cover
2. Control Box with two Mounting Clamps
3. 12 V/1.5 A DC Power Supply with Location-Specific Power Cord
4. Power over Camera Link Cable (PoCL), with one angled and one straight connector, to
connect the Sensor Head to the Control Box
5. USB 2.0 High-Speed Cable, A to Mini-B, 2.0 m
6. SM1A9 C-Mount to SM1 Adapter for Optical Accessories
7. Wavefront Sensor Quick Reference Manual
8. Mounted Microlens Array(s)
If a single MLA was ordered it will be mounted on the sensor head at the factory. If mul-
tiple MLAs are ordered, one mounted MLA of choice will be placed on the sensor head
and the others will be packaged separately. A tool for removing and replacing the mounted
MLA will also be included.
WFS30 or WFS40:
1. Wavefront Sensor Head with the adapter plate with metric (M4 and M6 threads) or imper-
ial ( 8-32 and 1/4"-20 threads) mounting and Dust Cover
2. USB 3.0 High-Speed Cable, A to Micro B, 3.0 m
3. SM1A9 C-Mount to SM1 Adapter for mounting to Optical Accessories
4. Wavefront Sensor Quick Reference Manual
9. Mounted Microlens Array(s)
If a single MLA was ordered it will be mounted on the sensor head at the factory. If mul-
tiple MLAs are ordered, one mounted MLA of choice will be placed on the sensor head
and the others will be packaged separately. A tool for removing and replacing the mounted
MLA will also be included.
Optional Accessories
· Additional, Exchangeable Mounted Microlens Arrays
· Trigger Cable
4.2 Installing Software
Download the Wavefront Sensor software ZIP archive from the WFS- website, unpack it and
open the installation folder to start the installation by double-clicking the setup.exe file.
Note
Do not connect the Wavefront Sensor to the PC prior to installing the software!
Attention
Exit all running applications on your PC as the installer may require a reboot of your PC
during installation!

© 2007 - 2018 Thorlabs
4 Getting Started
15
4.3 Operating Elements
Operating Elements WFS20-x Series
1
Optical Head with Micro Lens Array (MLA), exchangeable
2
Connector Control Box to Optical Head
3
Control Box Power Supply Input
4
Trigger Input
5
USB 2.0 Connector
6
Status LED:
Red: USB connected, driver not (yet) installed
Green: Ready
Operating Elements WFS30-x / WFS40-x Series
1
Exchangeable Micro Lens Array (MLA)
2
Combined USB / Digital I/O (Trigger Input )
3
Status LED:
Red: USB connected, driver not (yet) installed
Green: Ready
4
USB 3.0 Micro-B Connector
5
Mounting Adapter
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Wavefront Sensor
4.4 Connecting the Wavefront Sensor
Note
Do not connect the Wavefront Sensor to the PC prior to software installation!
Install the Wavefront Sensor application software and USB drivers (all in one package) on your
PC prior to connecting the Wavefront Sensor to your PC.Then connect the sensor head by fol-
lowing the instructions for the wavefront sensor head type, given below.
WFS20
1. Connect the WFS20 sensor head to the control box using the included PoCL cable.
2. Connect the power supply to the mains supply.
3. Connect the power supply to the control box.
4. Connect the USB port of the control box to computer using the included USB2.0 cable.
5. The software will automatically recognize the wavefront sensor.
To disconnect the WFS, follow the above steps in the reverse order!
Attention
Do not connect or disconnect the Power over Camera Link (PoCL) cable while power is
supplied to the control box! This will damage the electronics!
Note
The Wavefront Sensor will not work when connected to a USB 1.1 port!
WFS30 or WFS40
Connect the Wavefront Sensor to a USB 3.0 port of your computer. Use only the cable included
with the Wavefront Sensor shipment. The software will automatically recognize the WFS.
Note
When connecting the wavefront sensor head to the PC for the first time, Windows may show an
erroneous error-message:
"The device driver software was not installed correctly"
In most cases, this error message can be ignored and you can proceed to use the WFS. In
case you can not access the WFS through the software, please see the section Troubleshoot-
ing in the full manual, downloaded from the software website.
Attention
· Do not use cables other than the supplies USB cable because other cables may not sup-
port the high-speed USB transfer rate and high-power requirements of the WFS. Cables
with insufficient performance may cause transmission errors and improper instrument op-
eration!
· Be sure to connect the supplied USB cable to a high speed USB 3.0 port. Connecting the
WFS heads WFS30 and WFS40 to a USB 2.0 port leads to a degradation of performance
(slower data transfer). The Wavefront Sensor will not work when connected to a USB 1.1
port!
· WFS40 sensor head types consume up to 580 mA via USB. As standard USB 2.0 ports
deliver only a maximum current of 500 mA, these WFS types may not be operable via a
USB 2.0 port at all.
After connecting the instrument to the PC, the operating system recognizes the connected in-
strument, installs the appropriate driver software, and identifies the connected hardware.
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4 Getting Started
17
Note
When connecting the wavefront sensor head to the PC for the first time, Windows may show an
erroneous error-message:
"The device driver software was not installed correctly"
In most cases, this error message can be ignored and you can proceed to use the WFS. In
case you can not access the WFS through the software, please see the section Troubleshoot-
ing in the full manual, downloaded from the software website.
Note
Do not forget to remove the dust cover from the Wavefront Sensor.
Attention
Do not stick anything into the Wavefront Sensor's aperture! This may damage the microlens ar-
ray as there is no protective glass in front of it.
Please obeye laser safety rules when handling high power optical beams, particularly focused
beams! Avoid skin irradiation and use laser protection glasses to protect your eyes!
In order to achieve reliable wavefront measurement results, it is necessary to understand the
measurement technique as well as the influence of instrument and software settings. These
settings are described in the following sections; please read them carefully.
4.5 Mounting
WFS20
The WFS20 has four 4-40 threaded taps (1) for use with
Thorlabs ER rods. This is useful for mounting the
WFS20 to the Thorlabs 30 mm cage system assemblies.
Additionally, three taps (2) with M4x0.7 (metric WFS20
versions) or UNC8-32 (imperial WFS20 versions)
threads are located on the bottom of the sensor head for
mounting the WFS20 to standard Thorlabs mounts.
The WFS20 Camera aperture is C-mount threaded as
well. Use the included Thorlabs' SM1A9 adapter (ex-
ternal C-mount thread to internal SM1) to conveniently
mount ND filters, lens tubes (to prevent stray light from
entering the input aperture) or additional optomechanical
components.
WFS30 / WFS40
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Wavefront Sensor
An adapter plate with standard metric (M4 and M6) or im-
perial threads (8-32 and 1/2"-20) is included with the ship-
ment and already mounted to the WFS30 and WFS40
models. This allows the instrument to be mounted on
standard Thorlabs posts.
The C-Mount thread of the camera aperture allows other
optical components to be mounted directly to the WFS.
Use the included Thorlabs' SM1A9 adapter (external C-
mount thread to internal SM1) to conveniently mount ND
filters, lens tubes (to prevent stray light from entering the
input aperture) or additional optomechanical components.